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Istilah Kejuruteraan ISTILAH KEJURUTERAAN Bahasa lnggeris — Bahasa Malaysia BUKU ISTILAH LAiN DALAM SIRI DAFTAR ISTILAH IN!: Istilah Arkeologi 1988 Istilah Perhutanan 1987 Istilah Biologi 1988 Istilah Perikanan 1988 Istilah Drama dan Teater 1987 Istilah Perpustakaan 1988 lstilah Ekonomi 1991 * Istilah Pertani~n1989 Istilah Farmasi 1989 Istilah Perubatan 1992* Istilah Fizik Jilid I 1991* Istilah Psikologi 1992* Istilah Fizik Jilid 111992* Istilah Puisi 1991 Istilah Geologi 1988 Istilah Sains Politik 1989 Istilah Kependudukan 1991 Istilah Sains Tanah 1989 Istilah Kimia 1992* Istilah Sejarah 1990 Istilah Linguistik 1991 Istilah Seni Logam Halus 1991 Istilah Matematik 1992* Istilah Seni Reka Grafik 1992 Istilah Media dan Perutusan Istilah Simpulan dan Ikatan 1989 (Komunikasi) 1989 Istilah Tatanama Kimia 1987 Istilah Pelayaran 1988 Istilah Teknologi Makanan 1988 Istilah Pembangunan Manusia 1988 Istilah Ukur dan Pemetaan 1992 Istilah Pendidikan 1988 Istilah Undang-Undang 1992* Istilah Penilaian Harta Tanah 1992* Istilah Usuluddin dan Falsafah Islam Istilah Pentadbiran Perniagaan 1992* 1991 Istilah Perbankan 1992 Istilah Pergigian 1988 * Cetak Semula 11 ISTILAH KEJURUTERAAN Bahasa lnggens — Bahasa Malaysia Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Kuala Lumpur 2002 Daftar Istilah Kejuruteraan i, dalam edisi semakan nanti mungkin bertambah jumlahnya atau mungkin diubah atau ditukar beberapa padanannya, jika perlu. Penukaran padanan hanya boleh dilakukan dengan persetujuan Jawatankuasa Istilah Kejuruteraan yang terdiri daripada pakar istilah, pakar bidang, pakar bahasa dan pengguna; dan disahkanoleh Jawatankuasa Tetap Bahasa Malaysia. Penukaran padanan dilakukan bersesuaian dengan proses pemantapan dan peluasan bidang kejuruteraan dan bersesuaian pula dengan amalan kerja peristilahan antarabangsa. Cetakan Pertama 1987 Cetakan Kelapan 2002 © Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka 1987 Hak Cipta Terpelihara. Tidakdibenarkan mengeluarulang mana-manabahagian artikel, ilustrasi, dan isi kandungan buku mi dalam apa juga bentuk dan dengan cara apa jua sama ada secara elektronik, fotokopi, mekanik, rakaman, atau cara lain sebelum mendapat izin bertulis daripada Ketua Pengarah, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Peti Surat 10803, 50926 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Perundingan tertakiuk kepada perkiraan royalti atau honorarium. Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia Data Pengkatalogan-dalam-Penerbitan Istilah kejuruteraan bahasa Inggeris--bahasa Malaysia ISBN 983-62-0107-6 1. Engineering--Dictionaries. 2. Engineering--Dictionaries--Malay. 620.003 Dicetak oleh Percetakan Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Lot 1037, Mukim Perindustrian PKNS Ampang/Hulu Kelang Selangor Darul Ehsan KANDUNGAN I. Prakata Penerbit vii 2. Prakata Penyusun ix 3. Ahli Jawatankuasa Peristilahan Kejuruteraan Antara Universiti Xiii 4. Pendahuluan xvii 5. Pedoman Tambahan Pembentukan lstilah Kejuruteraan xxvii 6. Panduan Menggunakan Buku lstilah Kejuruteraan lv 7. lstilah Kejuruteraan Bahasa lnggeris-Bahasa Malaysia - 706 V PRAKATA PENERBIT Pada awal tahun 1981, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka merancang suatu projek bagi penyediaan dan penerbitan istilah untuk universiti/ institusi pengajian tinggi. Projek mi bertujuan menyediakan dan memperlengkap istilah bahasa Malaysia untuk kegunaan universiti/ institusi pengajian tinggi, khususnya apabila bahasa Malaysia digunakan sepenuhnya sebagai bahasa pengantar mulai tahun 1983. Buku Istilah Kejuruteraan sebelum mi, merupakan salah satu hasil daripada projek tersebut. Bagi mendapatkan istilah yang tepat, ilmiah dan kemaskini, kerja-kerja pembentukan istilah banyak memerlukan tenaga, masa dan dedikasi serta dasar dan cara kerja yang baik dan teratur. Dalam melaksanakan projek mi, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka mendapat kerjasama pensyarah-pensyarah dan pakar-pakar bidang ilmu. Mereka bekerja dalam satu jawatankuasa untuk membentuk dan menyelaraskan istilah berkenaan. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka merakamkan setinggi-tinggi penghargaan dan terima kasih kepada semua ahli Jawatankuasa Peristilahan Kejuruteraan Antara Universiti yang telah sudi menyumbangkan tenaga, kepakaran dan kerjasama mereka bagi menghasilkan buku Istilah Kejuruteraan mi. Ucapan terima kasih juga vii ditujukan kepada semua universiti dan jabatan kerajaan yang telah memberi kerjasama dengan memberi kebenaran kepada ahli-ahli yang terlibat untuk menghadiri mesyuarat pembentukan dan penyelarasan istilah yang diadakan dan semasa ke semasa. Tanpa kerjasama pihak-pihak yang tersebut di atas mungkin projek mi tidak akan terlaksana dengan memuaskan. Istilah dalam buku mi diharap dapat membantu para pensyarah, mahasiswa, pelajar dan pengguna lain dalam urusan seharian mereka. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka berharap dengan terbitnya buku mi, penggunaan istilah bahasa Malaysia dalam bidang berkenaan dapat diseragamkan. 23 April 1985 Ketua Pengarah Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka viii PRAKATA PENYUSUN Sejak tahun 1987, apabila Dasar Pelajaran Kebangsaan dilancarkan, semua universiti tempatan mulai menggunakan bahasa Malaysia sebagai bahasa pengantar bagi kebanyakan mata pelajarannya. Kekurangan istilah dalam bahasa Malaysia sering dikatakan men- jadi masalah untuk menjayakan dasar tersebut. Selaras dengan itu, kegiatan penciptaan istilah bahasa Malaysia menjadi begitu giat dan penting. Pada peringkat awal. tiap-tiap universiti telah membentuk dan menggunakan istilah masing-masing, sehingga menghasilkan istilab yang berbeza antara satu sama lain. Bertolak daripada masalah inilah, dibentuk Jawatankuasa Peristilahan Kejuruteraan Antara Universiti (JPKAU) pada Selasa, 3 November 1981. Tujuan penubuhan JPKAU ialah untuk membentuk, menyera- gam dan menyelaraskan istilah Kejuruteraan dalam bahasa Malay- sia supaya istilah-istilah berkenaan menjadi baku dan mantap. Matlamat jawatankuasa mi adalah untuk menjadikan bahasa Ma- laysia sebagai bahasa pengantar ilmu pengetahuan, terutamanya dalam bidang Kejuruteraan apabila telah wujud secukupnya istilah yang diperlukan. Oleh kerana bidang Kejuruteraan mi agak luas, maka keahlian jawatankuasa juga agak ramai. Tiap-tiap subbidang/sub-subbidang ix diwakili sekurang-kurangnya oleh tiga orang wakil daripada universiti-universiti yang berkaitan. Selain universiti/institusi pengajian tinggi, jawatankuasa mi juga diwakili oleh badan-badan lain seperti PUSPATI, TLDM dan Lembaga Peperiksaan. Pada peringkat penyediaan senarai istilah, ahli jawatankuasa dibahagikan kepada beberapa kelompok mengikut kepakaran dan subbidang-subbidang yang berkaitan. Istilah-istilah yang telah dibincangkan di peringkat kelompok mm kemudian dibawa kepada jawatankuasa untuk diselaraskan di peringkat Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Kerja-kerja penyelarasan istilah mi dmbuat melalui mesyua- rat penyelarasan istilah yang pada mulanya cuma diadakan sebulan sekalm. Bilangan mesyuarat mi kemudian telah bertambah menjadi lebih kerap apabila timbul desakan untuk menggunakan istilah mi dengan cepat. Saya ingin mengucapkan terima kasih kepada semua ahli yang telah dan sedang berkhidmat dalam jawatankuasa mm kerana telah bersungguh-sungguh menghadiri mesyuarat dan membenkan kepa- karan masing-masing dalam menyelesaikan masalah mencari istilah yang betul. Sekalungan bunga yang khusus saya tujukan kepada semua kakmtangan Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka yang telah terlibat secara langsung atau tidak dalam usaha penerbitan buku mi terutamanya kepada Setiausaha dan Penolong Setiausaha Jawatan- kuasa i. Tanpa usaha gigih mereka mi, saya rasakan buku mi akan mengambil masa yang lebih panjang untuk diterbitkan. x Akhirnya jawatankuasa mi ingin merakamkan setinggi-tinggm penghargaan kepada Naib Canselor, Dekan Fakulti, Ketua Jabatan, semua universiti dan badan-badan kerajaan lain yang berkaitan yang telah bekerjasama dalam usaha mi. Terima kasih juga kepada Ketua Pengarah Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka yang telah sudi menerbitkan daftar istilah mm. 23 April 1985 Pengerusm Jawatankuasa Peristilahan Kejuruteraan Antara Universiti xi AHLI JAWATANKUASA PERISTILAHAN KEJURUTERAAN ANTARA UNIVERSITI Yang Sedang Berkhidmat 1. Prof. Madya Dr. Mansor Haji SaIleh (UM/SIRIM) Pengerusi 2. Prof. Madya Shahimi Haji Shaflee (UTM) — Timbalan Pengerusi 3. Dr. Wan Abu Bakar Wan Abas (UM) 4. Dr. Ahmad Fauzi Mustafa (UM) 5. Dr. Baharuddin Au (UM) 6 Encik Kamaruzaman Idris (UM) 7. Dr. Khalid Mohamed Nor (UM) 8. Prof Madya Abdul Hamid Hamidon (UTM) 9. Encik Ahmad Hilmy Abdul Hamid (UTM) 10. Encik Ahmad Zaki Abu Bakar (UTM) 11. Prof. Madya Dr. Ariff Nun (UTM) 12. Encik Ariffin Samsuri (UTM) 13. Encik Azmi Abdullah (UTM) 14. Prof. Madya Dr. Fauzi Samad (UTM) 15. Puan Hadibah Ismail (UTM) 16. Prof. Madya Ismail Bakar (UTM) xiii 17 Wan Mohd. Najib Wan Mohd Akib (UTM) 18. Encik Othman Abdul Kadir (UTM) 19. Encik Tholudin Mat Lazim (UTM) 20. Prof. Madya Dr. Akram Ayob (UKM) 21. Dr. Abdul Halim Shamsuddin (UKM) 22. Encik Mohd. Yusoff Jamaluddin (UKM) 23. Dr. Tusirin Mohd. Nor (UKM) 24. Ir. Abang Abdullah Abang Au (UPM) 25. Ir. Abdul Rahman Bidin (UPM) 26. Ir. Desa Ahmad (UPM) 27. Ir. Fakhrul-Razi Ahmadun (UPM) 28. Ir. Fuad Abas (UPM) 29. Ir. Mohd. Amin Mohd. Soom (UPM) 30. Ir. Muhamad Salih Haji Jaafar (UPM) 31. Encik Mohd. Muslim Mohd. Yusoff (USM) 32. Tuan Syed Idris Syed Hassan (USM) 33. Encik Iskandar Sastrawidjaja (ITM) 34. Encik Nahrul Khair Alang Rashid (PUSPATI) 35. Puan Rashidah Abdul Jalil (LPM) 36. Encik Awang Mohd. Amin (UPM) — Ahli Bahasa 37. Puan Puziah Mohd. Dom (DBP) — Setiausaha 39. Cik Zaiton Ismail (DBP) — Penolong Setiausaha xiv Yang Telab Berkhidmat I. Prof. Madya Abdul Aziz Husmn (UTM) 2. Encik Abu Azam Md. Yassin (UTM) 3. Prof. Madya Annuar Maaruf (UTM) 4. Lt. Kol (U) Baharuddin Haron (UTM) 5. Encik Che Nyan Hussain (UTM) 6.
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