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Glider Handbook, Chapter 2: Components and Systems
Chapter 2 Components and Systems Introduction Although gliders come in an array of shapes and sizes, the basic design features of most gliders are fundamentally the same. All gliders conform to the aerodynamic principles that make flight possible. When air flows over the wings of a glider, the wings produce a force called lift that allows the aircraft to stay aloft. Glider wings are designed to produce maximum lift with minimum drag. 2-1 Glider Design With each generation of new materials and development and improvements in aerodynamics, the performance of gliders The earlier gliders were made mainly of wood with metal has increased. One measure of performance is glide ratio. A fastenings, stays, and control cables. Subsequent designs glide ratio of 30:1 means that in smooth air a glider can travel led to a fuselage made of fabric-covered steel tubing forward 30 feet while only losing 1 foot of altitude. Glide glued to wood and fabric wings for lightness and strength. ratio is discussed further in Chapter 5, Glider Performance. New materials, such as carbon fiber, fiberglass, glass reinforced plastic (GRP), and Kevlar® are now being used Due to the critical role that aerodynamic efficiency plays in to developed stronger and lighter gliders. Modern gliders the performance of a glider, gliders often have aerodynamic are usually designed by computer-aided software to increase features seldom found in other aircraft. The wings of a modern performance. The first glider to use fiberglass extensively racing glider have a specially designed low-drag laminar flow was the Akaflieg Stuttgart FS-24 Phönix, which first flew airfoil. -
Possibilities of Airframe Structures Cost Saving Through Reducing Number of Fasteners
Possibilities of airframe structures cost saving through reducing number of fasteners RŮŽEK Roman1,a, DOUBRAVA Radek1,b, KRUSE-STRACK Thomas2,c and KOERWIEN Thomas3,d 1Czech Aerospace Research Centre, Strength of Structure Department; Beranových 130, 199 05 Praha - Letňany, Czech Republic 2 Airbus Operations GmbH, Airframe Research & Technology, Kreetslag 10 21129 Hamburg Germany 3 Airbus Defence and Space GmbH, Materials & Processes, Rechliner Str., 85077 Manching, Germany [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], d [email protected] Keywords: Key, Word, Paper, Best conference, Contribution template (maximum of 5) Abstract. Reduction of numbers of mechanical fasteners together with bonding technology application can be one of the possibilities how to decrease costs of the structure. In the paper, results based on fatigue testing of novel design approaches for damage tolerant high load transfer (HLT) joints, as e.g. panel joints, are discussed for carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRP) adherents. Fatigue experimental results and numerical simulations of Wide Single Lap Shear (WSLS) specimen are presented for different configurations to proof the crack stopping behaviour of "state of the art" fasteners as reference crack arrestor concept. Introduction One of the main aims of designers is application of cost-effective strategies. The composite structures can lower costs of an airframe significantly, but there are some obstacles to adopt of advanced technologies like adhesive bonding or welding and prevent to use full strength capabilities of these technologies to real structures. Nowadays, there is no fully certified bonded technology applicable to full-scale airframe structure which comply airworthiness regulations from viewpoint of damage tolerance criteria. -
The Expected Wave-Off by Richard Carlson SSF Chairman
The Expected Wave-Off by Richard Carlson SSF Chairman The February morning was bright and clear, just as the forecast had predicted. It was a perfect day to go out to the glider school and knock some rust off and beat those Chicago winter blues. With the forecast for temperatures in the low 40’s and no snow on the grass runway, a group of us made arrangements to meet Saturday morning for some winter flying. Nobody expected thermals, and we were not disappointed flying only sled rides in our trusty Blanik L-13. We all pitched in to ready the glider for flight, doing the pre-flight inspection and securing the rear seat belts as everyone was going solo to get current. Today our Green Citrabria would be doing the towing duties. It was pre-heated, started and test flown, all systems go. My turn finally arrived and I eagerly climbed into the front seat, buckled up , ran the flow, and conducted the checklist. The lack of an electrical system meant no radio or audio vario, just basic analog gauges for Airspeed, Altitude, and Vario - Check. Belts on and adjusted, rear seat belts fastened to avoid any fouling of the controls - Check. No ballast installed and none required – Check. Flaps and Dive brakes closed and handles in the lock detent, stick and rudder pedals free travel in all directions, trim set for take-off – Check. Towplane in position, no knots in the rope, proper towring attached and verified – Check. Canopy close and locked, vents open to keep it from fogging over – Check. -
20150014387.Pdf
General Disclaimer One or more of the Following Statements may affect this Document • This document has been reproduced from the best copy furnished by the organizational source. It is being released in the interest of making available as much information as possible. • This document may contain data, which exceeds the sheet parameters. It was furnished in this condition by the organizational source and is the best copy available. • This document may contain tone-on-tone or color graphs, charts and/or pictures, which have been reproduced in black and white. • This document is paginated as submitted by the original source. • Portions of this document are not fully legible due to the historical nature of some of the material. However, it is the best reproduction available from the original submission. Produced by the NASA Center for Aerospace Information (CASI) MR No. I.6F25 . 1' I FILE NJ.TIO AL ADVIS' c~e FYAEBJJNAUTICS • I DBE AODR ED MEMORANDUY REPORT f ~. S1 'i; T, . ·, FO AE O Aur, ~~r'N1£"lt"1'2S;,-' D', • 'hA for the 1 J lo Qf.;t~Ol '.) \ ec \o H' ~ e 'J Ctars if,(" t> Air Materiel Command, Army Air Forces 0 ~ Le,._ \2.(, r e,uvikl TF.STS OF A 1/S-SCALE MODEL OF THE REPUBLIC . ~ Le..\-W c~u J . XP-84 AIRPLANE (ARMY PROJECT MX-$78) IN THE (sco 0 /\cl \C()~{ ~ 'f"u/\.L I~ > .... r u... '1 rro~ -r , v" u LAWLEY 300 MPH 7- BY 10-Foor TUNNEL S:. n By Warren A.. Tucker a:rxi Kenneth W. -
Decorative Arts & Contemporary Ceramics
Decorative Arts & Contemporary Ceramics Contemporary Arts & Decorative I Montpelier Street, London I 13 November 2019 I Montpelier Street, 25323 Decorative Arts & Contemporary Ceramics Montpelier Street, London I 13 November 2019 Decorative Arts and Contemporary Ceramics Montpelier Street, London | Wednesday 13 November 2019, at 1pm BONHAMS BIDS ENQUIRIES FURNITURE & FURNISHINGS Montpelier Street +44 (0) 20 7447 7447 Mark Oliver Whilst we take every care in Knightsbridge +44 (0) 20 7447 7401 fax Tel:+44 (0) 20 7393 3856 cataloguing furniture which has London SW7 1HH [email protected] [email protected] been upholstered we offer no bonhams.com guarantee as to the originality of Please note that bids should Duane Kahlhamer the wood covered by fabric or VIEWING be submitted no later than 24 Tel: +44 (0) 20 7393 3860 upholstery. hours before the sale. New [email protected] Sunday 10 November bidders must also provide proof All furniture and furnishings 11am – 3pm of identity when submitting bids. Emily Mayson produced after 1 January 1950, Monday 11 November Failure to do this may result in Tel: +44 (0) 20 7393 3997 comprising an element of soft 9am – 4.30pm your bids not being processed. [email protected] furnishing, is strictly regulated Tuesday 12 November by statute law in the interests of 9am – 4.30pm Live online bidding is [email protected] safety. Such items in the sale Wednesday 13 November available for this sale were not originally supplied for 9am – 11am Please email [email protected] PRESS ENQUIRIES use in a private home or now with “Live bidding” in the subject offered solely as works of art. -
Garmin Reveals Autoland Feature Rotorcraft Industry Slams Possible by Matt Thurber NYC Helo Ban Page 45
PUBLICATIONS Vol.50 | No.12 $9.00 DECEMBER 2019 | ainonline.com Flying Short-field landings in the Falcon 8X page 24 Regulations UK Labour calls for bizjet ban page 14 Industry Forecast sees deliveries rise in 2020 page 36 Gratitude for Service Honor flight brings vets to D.C. page 41 Air Transport Lion Air report cites multiple failures page 51 Rotorcraft Garmin reveals Autoland feature Industry slams possible by Matt Thurber NYC helo ban page 45 For the past eight years, Garmin has secretly Mode. The Autoland system is designed to Autoland and how it works, I visited been working on a fascinating new capabil- safely fly an airplane from cruising altitude Garmin’s Olathe, Kansas, headquarters for ity, an autoland function that can rescue an to a suitable runway, then land the airplane, a briefing and demo flight in the M600 with airplane with an incapacitated pilot or save apply brakes, and stop the engine. Autoland flight test pilot and engineer Eric Sargent. a pilot when weather conditions present can even switch on anti-/deicing systems if The project began in 2011 with a Garmin no other safe option. Autoland should soon necessary. engineer testing some algorithms that could receive its first FAA approval, with certifi- Autoland is available for aircraft manu- make an autolanding possible, and in 2014 cation expected shortly in the Piper M600, facturers to incorporate in their airplanes Garmin accomplished a first autolanding in followed by the Cirrus Vision Jet. equipped with Garmin G3000 avionics and a Columbia 400 piston single. In September The Garmin Autoland system is part of autothrottle. -
Nautical Education for Offshore Cxtractivc
Lso-B-7i-ooz NAUTICALEDUCATION FOR OFFSHORE CXTRACTIVC INDUSTRIES RV G-H.HOFFMANN WITH FREDTOWNSEND AND WARREN NORVILLE 5' GRAHT PUI3I.ICATIOHHO. LSU-II-77-OL C6NTCRfOR WETLAND RESOURCES ~ LOUISIANA STATC UNIVf RSIEY ~ BATON ROUCIC, LOUISIANA 7000 NAUTICAL EDUCATION FOR THE V~M$pQog767 QoM G. H. Ho f fmann with Fred Townsend and Warren Norville LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY CENTER FOR WETLAND RESOURCES BATON ROUGE, LA 70803 Sea Grant Publication No. LSU-8-77-001 September 1977 This work is a result of research sponsored jointly by the Terrebonne Parish School Board and the Louisiana Sea Grant Program, a part of the National Sea Grant Program maintained by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the U.S. Department of Commerce. CONTENTS List of Figures List of Tables Vi Acknowledgments Beginnings of the Oil Industry 1 2 The Offshore Revolution Drilling a Wildcat Well The Petr omar ine Fleet 46 6 4.1 Tankers 4.2 Seagoing Tank Barges and Tugs ll 4.3 Inland Tank Barges and Towboats 13 4.4 Inland Drilling Barges 16 4.5 Offshore Drilling Tenders 16 4.6 Submersible Drilling Vessels 17 4.7 3ack-up DrilIing Barges 18 4.8 Semi-Submersible Drilling Vessels 19 4.9 Drill Ships 20 4.10 Crewboats 27 4.11 Supply vessels 28 4.12 Tugs 30 4.13 Derrick Barges 31 4.I4 Pipelaying Barges 31 4.15 Air Cushion Vehicles ACV! 37 Producing Oil and Gas 37 Design Procedures 44 6.1 Owner Requirements 44 6.2 Design Drawings and Specifications 45 6.3 Regulatory Agencies 49 6.4 Design Calculations 54 6.5 The Measurements of a Ship 60 6.6 Free Surface 68 6.7 Model Testing 69 Construction Procedure 70 7.1 Estimating 70 7.2 Working Plans 72 7.3 Production 74 7.4 Inspection 76 7.5 Trials and Tests 78 Delivery 80 Stability and Trim 82 9.1 Stability 82 9.2 Transverse Metacenter 86 9.3 Calculating GM 87 9.4 KM and KG 88 9. -
Perryman Ceramics Monthly
CONTAINING TIMEJane Perryman’s New Approach to the Vessel by Esther Carliner Viros 1 32 october 2015 www.ceramicsmonthly.org I am walking my dog Riley along a field ditch edged with hedgerows and trees. The sky is cloudy gray, the path muddy soft from heavy rains. The prints of horses, deer, and muntjac are etched into the ground. For a hundred meters ahead the line of hedging has been cut by the farmer, sliced by a chainsaw to reveal smooth yellow wood made indecent by sud- den amputation. A hazel tree lies across the path. Stunted catkins hang from the branches, their future pollination a thwarted dream. A hazel tree felled across the path Smooth yellow wood Sliced by a chainsaw Stunted catkins hanging limply —Jane Perryman 2 The multimedia installation entitled Containing Time, a segment of which is being shown in the context of a larger solo exhibition of ceramics and paintings at Vessels Gallery in Boston, Massachusetts, represents an important new direction for British artist Jane Perry- man. Internationally recognized as a ceramic artist, writer, photog- rapher, and film maker, Perryman has brought these various forms of expression together to create a new body of work. Found objects (such as the catkins cited above) inspire a text, are photographed, used to produce a frottage, incorporated into clay material, transformed into a vessel and fired, thus becoming a record of time and place. Well known for her books on naked clay and smoke-fired ceramics, Jane Perryman is also an authority on traditional Indian pottery. Her book, Traditional Pottery of India and a documentary recently released on DVD, are now essential archives of a disappearing tradition. -
Holds the Key Ingredient... Contents
2016 holds the key ingredient... Contents About Us 3 How To Choose The Right Clay For You 4 Our Clays 6 Terracotta 6 Alex Shimwell Stoneware 7 Earthstones 10 Professional 13 Porcelain 16 Earthenware 17 French Regional Clays 18 Paper Clays 18 Powdered Clays 19 Slips 21 Casting Slips 21 Pouring Slips 21 Decorating Slips 21 Raw Materials 22 China/Ball Clays 22 Raw Clays 22 Fluxes 22 Oxides 23 Groggs 23 Plasters 23 Deflocculants 23 Sundry Materials 24 Custom Clay Formulas & Special Order Clays 25 Warranties & Responsibilities 25 Technical Information 26 Jane Wheeler 2016 Price List 30 Distributors 34 Front cover images are provided by... Top: Clare Wakefield Bottom: Beverley Gee, Garry & Pollie Uttley, Susanne Luckacs-Ringel 2 INFO About Us In the heart of the potteries over the past 36 years over 90 clay bodies to choose from Valentine Clays has Valentine Clays, a family run manufacturer, has worked ensured that there is a product to suit a potters every directly with the studio potter community formulating need whether you are a beginner or a professional. and fine tuning clays using the best possible ingredients. For advice or help with any technical issues please call This close working relationship enables the world-leading 01782 271200 or email [email protected] clay manufacturer and raw materials supplier; based we will be only too pleased to help. in Stoke-on-Trent, to successfully develop ceramic clay bodies to suit the specific requirements of a long list of renowned British and International potters. The team at Valentine Clays prides itself on constant development of new and innovative clays bodies using Kind regards, the latest ceramic manufacturing equipment; with The Valentine Clays Team Thank you to the studio potters whose images, taken from our online gallery, have been used in this brochure. -
Research Memorandum
copy y$ R&l L5q27 . -..— RESEARCH MEMORANDUM STABIIJTY AND CONTROL CHARACTERISTICS (IF & A ~ -SCALEi ELL X-5 AIRPLANE MODEL r IN THE P ING CONFIGURATION ljlyRobert E. Becht Langley :Aeronauti.cal Laboratory Langley Air Force Base, Va. Umtmmm , Q& ..29s a?%. Wm?E’m!$ ~U261FI=DDa’inAiri-r .— — NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR AERONAUTICS WASHINGTON ___ TECH LIBRARYKAFB,NM Illlllllllillllllllliillllllllllllll‘- lli43755” .- NACA RM L50J27 CONFIDENTIAL NA’TIONALmISORY COMMITTEE FOR AERONAUTICS RESEARCH MEMORANDUM STABILITY AND CONTROL CHARACTERISTICS OF REU X-5 AIRPLANE MODEL IN THE LANDING CONFIGURATION By Robert E. Becht An investigation was made of the static stability and control char- acteristics of a -1 - sc~e model of a preliminary Bell X-5 airplane design - k in the landing corifigurationwith and without dive brakes. The changes in trim produced in goi!lgfrom the clean to the landing configuration * would necessitate the use ‘ofa ccm?pensatingelevator deflection of about -5.7. Adequate elevator effectiveness was available to trim to the maximum lift coefficients attainable in the landing configuration. The use of plug-type fuselage dive brakes caused an unstable stall,,but this condition could be corrected by use of a small wing spoiler. On the other hand, flap-type fuselage dive brakes produced a stable stall, and also a general reduction in longitudinal stability over the lLbL- coefficient range @th slight instability at the intermediate lift coef- ficients of botli20° and 66° wing sweep ‘~es. .- IN’’I!ROlXJCTION . An investigation of the static stability and control characteristics . at low speed of a ~ -scale model of a prelimina~ Bell X-5 airplane design 4 has been conducted in the Langley 300 MPH 7- by 10-foot tunnel. -
PIK-20 E Flight Manual
PIK-20 E Flight manual FLIGHT MANUAL for SELF-LAUNCHING SAILPLANE PIK-20 E V EIRI KY J Kisällinkatu 8 SF-15170 Lahti 17 ILMAILUHALLITUS Lentotu.vallisuusosasto N:0 ...................................... PIK-20 E Flight manual A FLIGHT MANUAL for SELF-LAUNCHING SAILPLANE PIK-20 E SERIAL NO: REGISTRATION: This sailplane must be operated in compliance with this Manual. THIS MANUAL MUST BE KEPT IN THE SAILPLANE AT ALL TIMES. Approved by National Board of Aviation, Finland EIRI KY y Kisällinkatu 8 EDITION 2 JANUARY 1980 SF-15170 Lahti 17 page i ENGLISH PIK-20 E Flight manual------------------------------------x I FLIGHT MANUAL Page TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. TECHNICAL DATA 1-1 1.1 Main technical data I- 1 1.2 Wing I- 1 1.3 Horizontal stabilizer and elevator 1-2 1.4 Vertical stabilizer and rudder I- 2 1.5 Fuselage I- 2 1.6 Engine 1- 3 1.7 Propeller I- 3 1.8 Weights and loads 1-3 2. SAILPLANE DESCRIPTION I- 3 2.1 General description I- 3 2.2 Flight control and flap system I- 4 2.3 Dive brake control I- 4 2.4 Engine controls I- 5 2.5 Engine retracting system I- 5 2.6 Landing gear control I- 5 2.7 Other controls I- 5 2.8 Fuel system I- 6 2.9 Electrical system I- 6 2.10 Water ballast system I- 6 3. LIMITATIONS I- 8 3.1 Airspeed limits I- 8 3.2 Flight load factors I- 9 3.3 Operating limits I- 9 3.4 Weight and C. of G. -
Ceramics Monthly Apr04 Cei04
editor Sherman Hall associate editor Tim Frederich assistant editor Renee Fairchild design Paula John production manager John Wilson production specialist David Houghton advertising manager Steve Hecker advertising assistant Debbie Plummer circulation manager Cleo Eddie publisher Marcus Bailey editorial, advertising and circulation offices 735 Ceramic Place Westerville, Ohio 43081 USA telephone editorial: (614) 895-4213 advertising: (614) 794-5809 classifieds: (614) 895-4212 customer service: (614) 794-5890 fax (614) 891-8960 e-mail [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] website www.ceramicsmonthly.org Ceramics Monthly (ISSN 0009-0328) is published monthly, except July and August, by The American Ceramic Society, 735 Ceramic Place, Westerville, Ohio 43081; www.ceramics.org. Periodicals postage paid at Westerville, Ohio, and additional mailing offices. Opinions expressed are those of the contributors and do not necessarily represent those of the editors or The Ameri can Ceramic Society. subscription rates: One year $32, two years $60, three years $86. Add $25 per year for subscriptions outside North America. In Canada, add GST (registration number R123994618). change of address: Please give us four weeks advance notice. Send the magazine address label as well as your new address to: Ceramics Monthly, Circulation De partment, PO Box 6136, Westerville, OH 43086-6136. contributors: Writing and photographic guidelines are available on request. Send manuscripts and visual sup port (slides, transparencies, photographs, drawings, etc.) to Ceramics Monthly, 735 Ceramic PI., Westerville, OH 43081. We also accept unillustrated texts e-mailed to [email protected] or faxed to (614) 891-8960. indexing: An index of each year's feature articles appears in the December issue.