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Focus on London 2007 Part 4.Qxp Focus on London 2007 © Crown copyright 2007 A National Statistics publication Published with the permission of the Controller of Her National Statistics are produced to high professional standards Majesty's Stationery Office (HMSO) set out in the National Statistics Code of Practice. They are produced free from political influence. You may re-use this publication (excluding logos) free of charge in any format for research, private study or internal circulation within an organisation. You must re-use it accurately and not use it in a misleading context. The material About the Office for National Statistics must be acknowledged as Crown copyright and you must give The Office for National Statistics (ONS) is the government the title of the source publication. Where we have identified agency responsible for compiling, analysing and disseminating any third party copyright material you will need to obtain economic, social and demographic statistics about the United permission from the copyright holders concerned. Kingdom. It also administers the statutory registration of births, This publication is also available at the National Statistics marriages and deaths in England and Wales. website: www.statistics.gov.uk The Director of ONS is also the National Statistician and the For any other use of this material please apply for a Click-Use Registrar General for England and Wales. Licence for core material at www.opsi.gov.uk/click- use/system/online/pLogin.asp or by writing to: About the Greater London Authority Office of Public Sector Information The Greater London Authority was created in 2000 as a new Information Policy Team form of strategic citywide government, consisting of an elected St Clements House Mayor and a separately elected Assembly. The Mayor's 2-16 Colegate responsibilities cover transport, policing, the London Fire Norwich NR3 1BQ Brigade, planning and land use, the environment and Fax: 01603 723000 economic development in London. E-mail: [email protected] Contact points First published 2007 by For enquiries about this publication, contact the Editor PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Tel: 020 7533 6152 Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA E-mail: [email protected] Companies and representatives throughout the world. For general enquiries, contact the National Statistics Customer Contact Centre. PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin's Press, LLC and of Tel: 0845 601 3034 Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark (minicom: 01633 812399) in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. E-mail: [email protected] Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and Fax: 01633 652747 other countries. Post: Room 1015, Government Buildings, ISBN 978-0-230-57302-4 Cardiff Road, Newport NP10 8XG ISSN 1367-4617 You can also find National Statistics on the Internet at: This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made www.statistics.gov.uk from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. 109876543 21 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 Printed and bound in Great Britain by Hobbs the Printers Ltd, Totton, Hampshire. ii Focus on London: 2007 edition Contents Contents Page Acknowledgements ix Introduction and Overview xi Introduction xi Overview xi Structure of the publication xiii Availability on electronic media xiii Part A 1 Chapter 1: Population and Migration 3 Introduction 4 Table 1.1 Cities in Europe, 2003 4 Trends in total population 6 Table 1.2 Mid-year estimate change analysis, 1991 - 2005 5 Population density 6 Map 1.3 Population density by borough, 2005 6 Components of population change 6 Population structure 7 Fertility 7 Figure 1.4 Age specific birth rates: UK and London, 1981 and 2005 8 Mortality 8 Migration 8 Figure 1.5 UK and international migration: London 1991 to 2004 (selected years) 8 Table 1.6 Inter-regional movements, 2005 9 Table 1.7 Migration to and from London: by age, 2005 10 Population turnover 10 Map 1.8 Population turnover rates, mid-2003 to mid-2004 11 iii Contents Focus on London: 2007 edition Ethnicity 10 Table 1.9 Estimated Resident Population by ethnic group (experimental statistics), mid-2001 and mid-2004 12 Households 13 Table 1.10 Household numbers, 1981 to 2004 13 Table 1.11 Households: by type, spring 2006 14 Table 1.12 Resident population: London boroughs by age and sex, 2005 15 Table 1.13 Key population and vital statistics: London boroughs, 2005 18 Table 1.14 Components of population change: London boroughs, mid-2004 to mid-2005 19 Table 1.15 Age-specific birth rates 20 Table 1.16 Age-specific death rates: by sex, 2004 21 Table 1.17 UK and international migration, 1991 to 2004 22 Chapter 2: Education and Training 23 Introduction 24 Schools, pupils and teachers 24 Table 2.1 Number of pupils: by type of school, 2002 to 2006 24 Table 2.2 Pupils and teachers, 2002 to 2006 25 Table 2.3 Young pupils attending maintained schools 25 Table 2.4 16- and 17-year-olds participating in post-compulsory education and government-supported training: by region, 2004/05 26 Pupil characteristics 26 Table 2.5 Pupils: by ethnic origin, January 2004 27 Map 2.6 Nursery and primary school pupils eligible for free school meals, January 2006 27 Map 2.7 Secondary school pupils attending schools maintained by other LAs, 2006 27 Table 2.8 Pupil absence from maintained primary and secondary schools 28 Educational attainment 29 Table 2.9 Pupils reaching or exceeding expected standards: by Key Stage Teacher Assessment, summer 2005 28 Figure 2.10 Percentage of 15 year-old pupils achieving 5 or more grades A* - C at GCSE, or equivalent 29 Map 2.11 Examination achievements, 2005/06 29 Table 2.12 Examination achievements: London Boroughs, by sex, 2005/06 30 Table 2.13 Examination achievements: comparisons by ethnic group, 2004 31 Table 2.14 Examination achievements: A levels, 2005/06 32 Higher education 32 Table 2.15 Numbers of higher education institutions, 2005/06 32 Qualifications of the adult population 33 Table 2.16 Population of working age: by highest qualification, spring 2006 33 Table 2.17 Nursery and primary schools: meal arrangements, January 2006 34 Table 2.18 Home domiciled higher education students: by area of study and domicile, 2004/05 35 iv Focus on London: 2007 edition Contents Chapter 3: Labour Market 37 Introduction 38 Employment 38 Table 3.1 Employment rates 38 Table 3.2 Components of employment, second quarter 2006 38 Table 3.3 Part-time working: by sex, second quarter 2006 39 Industrial composition 39 Map 3.4 Employee jobs in manufacturing industries, 2004 39 Map 3.5 Employee jobs in service industries, 2004 39 Earnings and hours 41 Table 3.6 Average weekly earnings and hours: by sex, April 2006 40 Unemployment 41 Figure 3.7 Unemployment rates and claimant count proportions 41 Table 3.8 Unemployment rates 42 Table 3.9 Claimant count proportions 42 Map 3.10 Unemployment rates, 2005/06 42 Economic activity 43 Table 3.11 Economic activity rates: by sex 43 Table 3.12 Labour force: by age, second quarter 2006 44 Ethnic groups 45 Table 3.13 Economic activity rates: by ethnic origin, 2005 44 Table 3.14 Unemployment rates: by ethnic origin, 2005 45 Table 3.15 Labour force and employment rates 46 Table 3.16 Labour market summary: London boroughs, 2005/06 47 Table 3.17 Weekly earnings: London boroughs, April 2006 48 Chapter 4: Child Poverty 49 Introduction 50 Children in income poverty 50 Figure 4.1 Percentage of children living in households with below 60 percent median income (after housing costs), London and Great Britain, 1994 to 2005 50 Table 4.2 Percentage of children living in households with below 60 percent median income, 2002-2005 51 Figure 4.3 Percentage of children living in households with below 60 percent median income (before housing costs), London and Great Britain, 1994 to 2005 51 Children in families on key benefits 51 Figure 4.4 Percentage of children living in families on key benefits, August 2005 52 Figure 4.5 Children in benefit families by type of benefit received, Greater London, August 2005 52 v Contents Focus on London: 2007 edition Children in workless households 52 Table 4.6 Children in working-age households: by combined economic activity of household, spring 2006 52 Figure 4.7 Percentage of dependent children living in workless households by ethnic group, Greater London, 2001 53 Table 4.8 Children living in workless households, 1996 to 2006 53 Employment rates of parents 53 Figure 4.9 Employment rates of parents (working-age), London and rest of UK, autumn 2005 53 Figure 4.10 Employment rates of lone parents, London and rest of UK, 1995 to 2005 54 Figure 4.11 Employment rates of couple mothers, London and rest of UK, 1995 to 2005 54 Figure 4.12 Employment status of parents in couples, autumn 2005 55 Relative material deprivation 54 Table 4.13 Material deprivation in families, 2004 55 Figure 4.14 Relative material deprivation scores, London and Great Britain, 2002 and 2004 55 Chapter 5: Environment 57 Introduction 58 Land use 59 Map 5.1 Land use, 2001 58 Table 5.2 Change in land use: London, 1995 to 1998 and 2002 to 2005 59 River and canal water quality 59 Table 5.3 Rivers and canals: by chemical quality 60 Table 5.4 Rivers and canals: by biological quality 60 Water abstraction 61 Map 5.5 Environment Agency
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