THE ROYAL BOROUGH OF KENSINGTON AND CHELSEA

BOROUGH COMMUNITY RELATIONS COMMITTEE 8th FEBRUARY 2001

A REPORT BY THE COMMUNITY RELATIONS ADVISOR

WITHOUT PREJUDICE: EXPLORING ETHNIC DIFFERENCES IN LONDON

INTRODUCTION

This report provides members with a summary of the recently compiled Greater London Authority (GLA) study which examined the differences between ethnic groups in London. FOR INFORMATION

1. METHODOLOGY

1.1 The study mainly utilised 1991 Census information.

1.2 In terms of size, “Without Prejudice” is a comprehensive 160 page study. This report will concentrate only on the study’s examination of the diversity of the London population, and of migration patterns.

1.3 The tables reproduced in this document were commissioned by the London Research Centre.

2. DEMOGRAPHY

2.1 Of the 120 countries or regions included in the study, nine of these are countries not included in the standard Census output:

Country of Size of Main Boroughs of Residence Birth Community Brazil 4,630 Westminster (635), RBK&C (588) Columbia 3,991 RBK&C (454), Lambeth (444) Iraq 8,353 Ealing (1,339), Westminster (831) Jordan 909 Westminster (158), RBK&C (129) Lebanon 6,444 Westminster (1,230), RBK&C (1,206) Saudi Arabia 1,200 Westminster (212) Syria 1,505 Westminster (247), Ealing (186), RBK&C (169) Taiwan 743 Barnet (93), Westminster (74) Thailand 3,117 RBK7C (370), Westminster (249)

Source: 1991 Census, LRC Commissioned Table LRCT14

2.2 Of the 6.7 million people resident in London at the time of the 1991 Census, 78% were born in the UK. 5,002,000 were born in England, 113,000 were born in Scotland, 71,000 in Wales, and 42,000 in Northern Ireland.

2.3 Eighty nine per cent of UK born Londoners were white, and 47% of Londoners born outside the UK were white.

2.4 Of the ten main ethnic groups for which census data is available, the percentage break down of those born inside and outside of the UK is as follows:

Ethnic Group % Born in UK % Outside UK White 87.2 12.8 Black Caribbean 53.2 46.8 Black African 35.7 64.3 Black Other 84.1 15.9 Indian 36.4 63.6 Pakistani 45.1 54.9 Bangladeshi 35.0 65.0 Chinese 25.5 74.5 Other Asian 20.7 79.3 Other 53.3 46.7 Total Percentage 100 100.0 Total Number 5,200,000 1,500,000

Source: 1991 Census, LRC Commissioned Table LRCT14

2.5 Nearly one third of white people living in RBK&C were born abroad. These residents came from a large variety of countries including the USA, Middle Eastern countries, Irish Republic, Central and South America, Australia, Canada and New Zealand. If all these people were to be considered as coming from ethnic minority groups, then the ethnic minority population constituted 47% of the total RBK&C population.

2.6 The Irish community is the largest migrant community living in London. In 1991, this community was comprised of more than a quarter of a million people.

2.7 Another large group in London who were contained mostly in the White group were those people born in European countries (excluding the UK and the Irish Republic). In all, there were 193,053 people in London who were born in Europe, of whom 98% were white.

2.8 In London, the Black Caribbean ethnic group constituted 4.4% of the total population. Fifty three per cent of these people were born in the UK. The community is concentrated in inner London boroughs and the most populous boroughs are Lambeth (12.6% of the total borough population), Hackney (11.2 per cent), Brent (10.2%) and Lewisham (10.1%).

2.9 In 1991, the Black African population of London totalled 246,025 people. One third of these people were born in the UK.

2.10 There were 80,613 people who described themselves as Black Other.

2.11 In London, the Indian ethnic group was the largest ethnic minority group in 1991. There were 347,091 people in this category, and around one third of these were people born inside the UK. Indians living in London practice different religions, speak a number of different languages, come from a range of socio-economic groups, and could have been born in any of the world’s continents.

2.12 The Pakistani community in London numbered 87,816 people in 1991. Forty five per cent of these people were born in the UK.

2.13 There were 85,738 Bangladeshis in London in 1991. Thirty five per cent of these people were born in the UK, and all but 200 of these people were born in England.

2.14 Of the 10 main ethnic census categories, the Chinese community which had 56,579 people, was the smallest in London.

2.15 In 1991, 112,807 Londoners were categorised as Other Asian.

2.16 Two per cent, or 120,872 of Londoners were categorised as Other.

3. MIGRATION

3.1 In 1939, London’s population reached a high of 8.6 million people. The decline in total population since then was most rapid during the 1960’s and 1970’s when net migration loss was as high as 100,000 people per year. Since 1984, natural growth has exceeded net migration losses, hence the increase in population.

3.2 There was a net movement of 34,000 people out of London boroughs over the period 1990-1991, the difference between the number of people moving into London boroughs (456,000) and the number moving out (490,000). This also represents a net loss of 53,000 White people and a net gain of 19,000 people from ethnic minority backgrounds.

3.3 In 1990-1991, Ethnic groups differed substantially in their propensity to migrate. The Black African group was the most mobile with a quarter moving in the year before the Census. The two largest minority groups in London, the Indian and Black Caribbean groups were the least mobile with less than 10% of people moving in the same period.

3.4 The type of move of migrants in London in this period was as follows:

Type of Move No of Migrants Percentage Migrants resident in London 758,206 100.00 Migrants moving within London 471,632 62.2 includes migrants moving within boroughs 270,481 35.7 Migrants moving to London from the Rest of the 48,700 6.3 South East Migrants moving to London from the rest of Great 47,921 6.3 Britain Migrants moving to London from outside Great 104,726 13.8 Britain Migrants moving to London from not stated 85,227 11.2

Source: 1991 Census, Migration Report Table 3.

3.5 The percentage of type of move in London by ethnic group is as follows:

Within Greater London Within In From In From Row Total Boroughs the Rest of Outside Great Great Britain Britain White 30 40 17 100 Black Caribbean 34 52 5 100 Black African 33 33 3 100 Black Other 33 50 6 100 Indian 29 42 11 100 Pakistani 24 44 9 100 Bangladeshi 38 42 3 100 Chinese 32 27 12 100 Other Asian 23 28 6 100 Other 28 34 8 100 All Ethnic Groups 30 40 14 100

Source: 1991 Census, LRC Commissioned Table LRCT49

3.6 Just over one third of all international migrants were from ethnic minority groups. Some boroughs receive far more international migrants than others. The borough receiving the most in 1990-1991 was Westminster with 9,452. RBK&C was second with 7,770.

Source:1991 Census, LRC Commissioned Table LRCT25

3.7 Only six boroughs recorded increases in net migration. Westminster recorded the highest net migration gain with 2,931 people. RBK&C was next highest with 1,900 people, followed by Barnet which had a net gain of 696 people.

3.8 In 1990-1991, almost all London boroughs were losing more white people than they were gaining. The exceptions were Hammersmith and Fulham, RBK&C, Westminster and Richmond.

3.9 The following is a breakdown of net migration flow by ethnic group in all boroughs:

White Black Black Black Indian Pakis- Bangl- Chinese Other Other Carib- Africa Other tani adeshi Asian bean n City of -91 -2 -6 -1 -6 -4 -11 5 3 4 London Barking & -1,249 48 116 10 18 43 24 -17 12 -10 Dagenham Barnet -1,178 63 441 21 384 87 -12 189 695 7 Bexley -1,425 -16 36 -6 111 12 28 40 -22 -30 Brent -2,242 -180 379 68 -1 75 -55 1 226 116 Bromley -1,411 49 87 30 110 15 17 21 53 53 Camden -955 -27 245 19 55 -8 200 49 170 142 Croydon -3,498 251 330 44 191 71 21 63 140 -34 Ealing -2,221 147 376 25 -78 121 21 42 225 200 Enfield -2,388 279 428 7 170 67 -10 56 -25 60 Greenwich -3,026 75 269 17 -45 34 15 -10 79 -36 Hackney -2,209 -102 -236 -103 -80 -16 -136 -75 -140 -123 Hammersmith 287 -112 39 26 13 -14 8 22 61 152 & Fulham Haringey -3,265 -125 486 52 -107 -24 -14 -34 -67 -14 Harrow -1,830 59 255 26 1,058 63 42 -1 194 166 Havering -1452 -7 32 6 55 22 -23 51 -1 -26 Hillingdon -2,202 52 147 31 382 89 53 41 45 55 Hounslow -2,728 13 187 0 415 224 45 16 54 104 Islington -1040 34 309 25 15 -11 85 19 36 40 Kensington 1,520 -2 164 -4 43 56 -40 27 34 103 and Chelsea Kingston -576 35 88 -1 93 51 -4 48 205 53 Upon Thames Lambeth -3,536 -120 215 -50 -44 -37 19 70 -68 -99 Lewisham -1,587 288 438 116 -12 41 7 18 59 -20 Merton -1,521 64 233 -7 80 53 29 65 194 -42 Newham -3,830 60 729 27 -368 103 344 -33 96 -102 Redbridge -2,397 105 277 25 507 170 153 31 96 50 Richmond 260 16 4 1 121 14 -16 6 61 39 Upon Thames Southwark -2,687 -90 73 -33 0 10 74 48 -34 -61 Sutton -714 25 61 19 41 11 12 22 42 59 Tower -985 -44 71 24 -42 12 66 -11 -28 -26 Hamlets Waltham -2,839 84 329 24 19 198 -5 9 47 36 Forest Wandsworth -1,413 -177 138 -36 93 33 16 39 -100 -62 Westminster 1,185 25 141 30 254 115 44 137 344 656 Source: 1991Census, LRC Commissioned Table LRCT49

R AHMED

COMMUNITY RELATIONS ADVISER

Background paper used for this report:

“Without Prejudice: Exploring ethnic differences in London”. Greater London Authority. August 2000.

Anyone wishing to examine this background paper should contact Mr James Salter at the Community Relations Section on 020 7598 4634.