MCPHERSON RESEARCH INSTITUTE 2016 ANNUAL REPORT 2017 CALENDAR Dear Friends,

During the 2015-2016 academic year, the McPherson Eye Research Institute passed its frst ten-year milestone, and did so in our customary way – by looking towards the future as well as the past. The Institute’s growth over the past ten years, outlined on the page below, has been remarkable and full of individual and collaborative research achievements. All of us who have worked to establish and grow the McPherson ERI know full well, however, that much work remains to be done in fnding cures for the most intractable blinding diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa. We celebrate our successes – and there are important new discoveries each year, as you’ll see outlined in the research pages of this report – but we keep our focused on building the Institute and its path ahead.

The people who form the community around the Institute are the foundation for the work that we do. Collaborative research is the Institute’s goal and core belief, but we know that extraordinary collaborative teams are composed of extraordinary individuals. This is true of the world-class scientists who form our unparalleled lab research teams. It’s also true of our dedicated donors and other supporters – from the teams of blind and sighted riders who participate in Cycle for Sight each year, to our Advisory Board, to connected individuals and families who support the Institute with both resources and advice.

Sandra and Dr. Monroe Trout have been true friends of the McPherson ERI since we were introduced to them in 2012. Drawn to the Institute by the age-related macular degeneration research taking place at UW-Madison, the Trouts quickly became strong supporters of its work. In 2013, they endowed the Sandra Lemke Trout Chair in Eye Research. At the start of 2017, the Trouts will fully endow the Timothy William Trout Professorship in Eye Research, named for their younger son who passed away in May 2016. Tim Trout was a championship college basketball player, a successful investment fund manager, a loving partner and the caring father of two sons. We are proud to help honor his memory through this named professorship, which will link the Trout name with future advances in vision research.

As you look through this report, please keep in mind that we are inspired and enabled to move forward by your interest in our work, and by the need that exists for all of us to break new ground in vision research and cures. Thanks for moving along with us.

David M. Gamm, MD, PHD RRF Emmett A. Humble Distinguished Director Sandra Lemke Trout Chair in Eye Research Sandra and Monroe Trout, and Timothy Trout (inset) 200 200 180 180 160 160 MEMBERSHIP 140 140 GROWTH 120 120 100 100 80 80 60 60 40 40 2007 2008 2009 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2005 2006 MERI TIMELINE

2008 2011 David M. Walsh Research Travel Awards are The Eye Research Institute is placed within, and initiated, allowing selected trainee researchers soon receives operational support from, the UW- to present results at academic conferences. Madison School of Medicine and Public Health.

2009 2012 FEBRUARY 2005 2007 A monthly academic-year seminar Cycle for Sight, the Eye Research Institute’s The UW Eye Research Dr. Alice McPherson revises an series is initiated, which continues primary fundraiser, is held for the frst time Institute is activated as a unit earlier agreement in order to provide to the present. This forum gives on the UW-Madison campus. by UW-Madison Chancellor extensive future endowment funding member researchers opportunities 2014 for the research mission of the John Wiley, and placed under to share recent fndings in vision New space! The McPherson ERI moves to the top foor of the Wisconsin Eye Research Institute. purview of the Provost. This research. Also in 2009, the frst Institutes for Medical Research Tower II. In addition to three McPherson formal establishment was annual Eye Research Institute vision ERI member research labs and the Institute’s headquarters, the space preceded by ten years of science poster session is held, includes a long-envisioned art gallery. In MAY 2014, the gallery is discussion among Founding featuring research fndings from dedicated as the Mandelbaum & Albert Family Vision Gallery in honor of Director Daniel M. Albert, dozens of affliated laboratories. Dr. Albert and his family members David and Nathan Mandelbaum, early Dr. Alice McPherson and generous supporters of the Institute. (graduate of the UW School of Medicine and the frst woman retinal surgeon in the United States) and others, including frst Associate 2012 JUNE Director Arthur Polans. 2007 The Institute takes a new name! 2013 JANUARY The Eye Research Institute In recognition of Dr. Alice McPherson’s Dr. Monroe & Mrs. Sandra assembles its external Advisory 2006-2007 support of vision research at UW-Madison, Trout establish the Sandra Board, frst chaired by David M. the Institute is renamed the McPherson Lemke Trout Chair in Eye The Retina Research Foundation (RRF), Walsh (currently chaired by Eye Research Institute at a ceremony Research. 2006 Rose Barroilhet). Advisory Board Dr. Alice McPherson’s vision research hosted by Interim Chancellor David Ward. foundation in Houston, establishes The Leadership Committee members give essential advice four chairs and professorships at the of the Eye Research Institute, and support to the Institute’s Eye Research Institute. Among these comprised of nine faculty Director and staff. positions is the RRF/Emmett A. Humble 2013 APRIL 2016 members engaged in vision Distinguished Directorship, endowed The frst annual McPherson McPherson ERI Advisory Board members, researchers, research in multiple UW- by Advisory Board member Emmett Eye Research Institute Endowed and supporters celebrate the 10th anniversary of the Eye Madison Schools and Colleges, Humble and frst held by Founding Lecture is delivered on campus by Research Institute at a lively dinner at The Madison Club. is formed with the mission Director Daniel M. Albert. In 2010 and Dr. Jean Bennett of the University In only 10 years, the McPherson Eye Research Institute of steering the Institute’s 2012, three additional endowed faculty of Pennsylvania, focusing on retinal has more than doubled in member-researchers, working growth and direction. positions are gifted to the Eye Research gene therapy. In succeeding years, collaboratively to understand vision and ultimately to cure Institute by the Retina Research the lectures are given by Dr. David blinding diseases. The groundwork has been laid for further JULY Foundation. These seven RRF-endowed 2012 Williams, Dr. Sheila Nirenberg, and signifcant research advances in years to come. positions continue to support research Dr. David M. Gamm is appointed Dr. Pawan Sinha. by McPherson ERI members in multiple as Institute Director, as Dr. Daniel departments. Albert retires from the position. RESEARCHER RESEARCHER William L. Murphy, PhD Melissa Skala, PhD From left: Tim Reese, Theresa Selzer, David Gamm, Ruchira Singh

Harvey D. Spangler Professor, Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering HOPEFUL PATIENT Orthopedics & Rehabilitation, School of Medicine and Public Health Morgridge Institute for Research Co-Director, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center Tim Reese Director, Human MAPs Center The McPherson ERI has rich connections with investigators who arrive Focused on creating innovative biomaterials inspired by the materials found at vision science from a primary or initial interest in other body systems. Tim Reese knew that he had Best disease, an early-onset type of in nature, Professor William Murphy and his research group—the Bioinspired In many cases, this is because the eye provides a complex system macular degeneration, from childhood. He is one of seven siblings; four Materials Lab—are using them to understand stem cell behavior and to induce that is relatively easily accessed from outside the body. Associate have inherited the disease, which also affected his late mother, Dorothy. tissue regeneration. In one example, his lab has used customized biomaterials Professor Melissa Skala and her lab group develop new optical imaging Children have a 50% chance of inheriting the Best gene if one of their to control diverse stem cell behaviors, including adhesion, proliferation, techniques to study cell metabolism, vascular remodeling, and molecular parents carries it. Reese remembers watching his mother struggle with migration, phenotypic transformation, and lineage-specifc differentiation. expression. Skala, who typically focuses her techniques on the detection the disease. “Losing your sight is the slowest death in the world,” he They have recently used “arrays” of hundreds of biomaterials to fnd the says. His own vision loss has accelerated, but he continues to work for and treatment of cancer, is greatly interested in using these techniques conditions that make stem cells assemble into human tissues outside the body. a construction company in suburban Chicago. Tim Reese and his wife of They are now using human tissues assembled in bioengineered devices to to monitor drug response in the eye. 38 years, Daphne, have two grown children, Violet and William, and two predict the effects of new drugs on the human body. In work on both cancer and the eye, Dr. Skala has advanced new grandsons. Their children inherited the Best gene mutation but have not molecular imaging methods that combine the power of optics and shown symptoms of the disease. Biomaterials developed by the Murphy group are progressing toward use in nanotechnology for high-sensitivity deep-tissue imaging. These clinical applications, pharmaceutical applications, and as tools for fundamental “Several years ago,” Reese remembers, “I received a telephone call that methods make use of a wide range of recently developed imaging biological discovery. In the eye research area, new bioinspired materials are truly changed my life and gave me hope, renewed dedication, and respect being used to assemble microscale human ocular tissues on a chip to model techniques: optical coherence tomography to monitor blood fow for research. Dr. David Gamm had learned of my family’s disease through ocular diseases, discover new drugs, and screen for potential toxins. The and microvessel morphology, multiphoton and fuorescence lifetime our numerous visits to Dr. Fishman at the University of Illinois at Chicago. biomaterials are also being used as more effcient delivery systems for cells microscopy to image cellular metabolism, photothermal microscopy Dr. Gamm contacted me to see if I would be interested in a research (e.g., RPE and photoreceptor cells) and tissues (e.g., endothelial membranes) with nanoparticle contrast agents for molecular imaging, and optical program studying Best disease. I was delighted that after many years to treat eye diseases. spectroscopy to quantify tissue blood content and oxygenation. These of my eyesight getting progressively worse, someone was interested in halting or reversing the process through stem cell studies.” tools are under development to guide personalized treatment decisions in cancer patients. Dr. Skala has also integrated these methods Reese and his sister, Theresa Selzer, donated samples of skin cells which with computational models to fully exploit structural and functional the Gamm Lab reverse-engineered into induced pluripotent stem cells relationships between cell types, making for a more rounded picture of (iPSCs) and then forward-engineered into retinal cells. Theresa notes that RESEARCH NOTE metabolic changes in both cancer cells and the eye. all of the Reese siblings are excited about the progress of the research In a paper published in November 2016, Dr. Akihiro Ikeda (Medical Genetics) and eager to help. These cells have been used in a variety of tests for drug identifed a particular gene that appears to regulate retinal aging processes; and other potential therapies for Best disease, the majority of which could the mutation of this gene accelerates the retinal aging process as well as not be run with human patients. (Selzer does not carry the Best gene particular pathologies that go along with retinal diseases. The discovery has mutation, but her cells function as a control group for testing purposes.) RESEARCH NOTE important implications for age-related macular degeneration research. In an emotionally moving visit to Madison several years ago, the siblings Inspired by the superposition compound eyes of lobsters and the retinal Lee WH, Higuchi H, Ikeda S, Macke EL, Takimoto T, Pattnaik BR, Liu C, Chu LF, Siepka SM, Krentz were able to hold their own retinal stem cell lines in their hands. KJ, Rubinstein CD, Kalejta RF, Thomson JA, Mullins RF, Takahashi JS, Pinto LH, Ikeda A. Mouse structure of elephantnose fsh, Lynn H. Matthias Professor in Engineering Tmem135 mutation reveals a mechanism involving mitochondrial dynamics that leads to age- Hongrui Jiang (Electrical & Computer Engineering) and his collaborators “I’m thankful that somebody is doing something and is committed to dependent retinal pathologies. eLife, 2016; 5 DOI: 10.7554/eLife.19264 derived a groundbreaking artifcial eye with the ability to acquire images trying to fnd a cure,” says Reese. “It is gratifying, maybe not so much for under low-light conditions. me, but for my children, grandchildren and others. I’m confdent and hope Liu H, Huang Y and Jiang H. Artifcial eye for scotopic vision with bioinspired all-optical the research continues…I’m doing this for the future.” photosensitivity enhancer. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS), 2016 April; 113(15); pp. 3982-3985. RESEARCH NOTE In a noteworthy study, Assistant Professor Aparna Lakkaraju (Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences) and her lab team pinpointed how immune abnormalities beneath the retina result in age-related macular degeneration, and identifed several common drugs that can potentially be repurposed to treat the disease. Tan LX, Toops KA, and Lakkaraju A. Protective responses to sublytic complement in the retinal pigment epithelium. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS), 2016 August; 113(31); pp. 8789-8794.

RESEARCHER Melanie Schmitt, MD RESEARCHER Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences School of Medicine and Public Health Terri L. Young, MD, MBA

Although most McPherson ERI researchers focus on the basic science behind Peter A. Duehr Endowed Professor of Ophthalmology, Pediatrics and Medical Genetics vision function and health – essential for future clinical advances – some Chair, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences are accomplished clinicians in addition to their research work, often fnding School of Medicine and Public Health ways to merge the two interests. Dr. Melanie Schmitt is a fellowship-trained Dr. Terri Young is a clinician-scientist (pediatric ophthalmologist) whose From left: Campbell, Chip, Christy, and Clay Kaufman pediatric ophthalmologist with a research emphasis that refects her strong research specializes in determining the genetic and biological basis for interest in inherited ophthalmic conditions. a diverse array of heritable ocular conditions. In particular, her research HOPEFUL PATIENT focuses on the molecular and structural mechanisms underlying Dr. Schmitt’s research focuses on the clinical aspects of inherited retinal childhood glaucoma and ocular developmental disorders such as Chip and Christy Kaufman conditions, a passion which began in her undergraduate years as a genetics high-grade myopia and microphthalmia (small eye) — all with major at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. She has developed the frst increased risks of blindness. Chip and Christy Kaufman are regular participants in the annual McPherson specialty retinal dystrophy clinic in Wisconsin for adult and pediatric patients ERI fundraising ride, Cycle for Sight. Their team, Out of Sight, has consistently with inherited retinal conditions, such as retinitis pigmentosa, Stargardt Families are recruited to study correlations between inherited variants raised thousands of dollars to support vision research. Chip Kaufman has a disease, Usher syndrome, Leber congenital amaurosis, and . As the in their genomes and their disease status. For this, the latest in frst Director of Ophthalmic Genetics within the Department of Ophthalmology cone-rod retinal dystrophy, a progressive condition in which loss of function next-generation sequencing technology is employed to discover an and Visual Sciences, Dr. Schmitt leads a group of accomplished clinicians and in cone photoreceptor cells ( and ) is followed by loss individual’s entire exome sequence – the protein-coding component researchers in investigating the genetic bases, and potential therapies, for of their genome. To validate whether an identifed sequence variant is of function in rod photoreceptor cells (causing night blindness and eventually these and other diseases. She also studies rare genetic eye conditions within peripheral vision loss). Chip was diagnosed with cone-rod dystrophy in his the cause of the family’s disease, the laboratory studies gene the Wisconsin Amish and Mennonite populations; in the coming year she will expression and protein function, performs cellular assays, and models late thirties. Now 48, he has lost his central vision; but his peripheral vision is conduct the frst genetic eye disease clinic for Amish and Mennonite patients, the gene variation in systems. Dr. Young’s research has led to quite good and he still bikes to work at TDS Telecom, where he is a product on a biannual basis in conjunction with the La Farge Medical Clinic. improved diagnostics, focused genetic counseling, and informed manager, every day—winter included. “I can see a lot…I just can’t see what therapeutic strategies. I’m looking at!” is how he characterizes his vision. The Kaufmans, who have been married for almost 15 years, have two sons, Clay and Campbell.

Christy rides for Chip. She explained why on her Cycle for Sight web page: RESEARCH NOTE I used to complain about my commute to work when Chip and I lived in Bas Rokers, Associate Professor in Psychology, published groundbreaking RESEARCH NOTE Chicago, not realizing how easy I had it. When Chip’s vision deteriorated to papers in 2016 on , including an important study of agnosia the point he had to surrender his driver’s license, he committed to riding his – the failure of the brain to properly interpret sensory information1—and an Professor Curtis Brandt (Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences) and his bike to work regardless of weather conditions. I used to beg him not to ride examination of how the brain interprets motion in 2D and 3D.2 collaborators analyzed the genetic locations of factors that determine the virulence of disease phenotypes in herpes simplex virus type 1 – because I worried for his safety, and I was extremely frustrated with him for 1 Barendregt M, Dumoulin SO, Rokers B. Impaired velocity processing reveals an agnosia for motion the leading cause of infectious blindness in the United States – in an refusing to give it up. It took me a while to realize that for Chip, this is not about in depth. Psychological Science, 2016 Nov;27(11):1474-1485. Epub 2016 Sep 27 2 important paper published in March 2016. being stubborn. This is about maintaining independence and showing courage Cooper E, van Ginkel M, Rokers B. Sensitivity and bias in the discrimination of two-dimensional and three-dimensional motion direction. Journal of Vision, 2016 Aug 1;16(10):5, 1–11. doi: 10.1167/16.10.5. in the face of adversity. It is about maintaining control over a senseless Kolb AW, Lee K, Larsen I, Craven M, Brandt CR. Quantitative trait locus based virulence determinant mapping of the HSV-1 genome in murine ocular infection: Genes involved in disease. When I hop on my indoor bike to support the University of Wisconsin viral regulatory and innate immune networks contribute to virulence. PLoS Pathology 2016 McPherson Eye Research Institute, I will be envisaging Chip who rides in the Mar 10;12(3):e1005499. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1005499. wind, snow and rain, proving to our children that you never, ever, ever give up. RESEARCHER RESEARCHER Mohit Gupta, PhD Ari Rosenberg, PhD RESEARCH NOTE In order to improve treatment options for age-related macular Computer Sciences Neuroscience degeneration (AMD), new methods for early detection and screening College of Letters and Science School of Medicine and Public Health are needed. Using donor eyes in this imaging study, Assistant Professor We are in the midst of a 3D revolution. Robots enabled by 3D cameras are How do we perceive the three-dimensional (3D) structure of the world Jeremy Rogers (Biomedical Engineering) published promising results beginning to autonomously drive cars, perform surgeries, and manage when our eyes only 2D projections like a movie on a screen? demonstrating a potential solution by using data analysis to detect a factories. However, when deployed in the real-world, these cameras face Estimating the 3D scene structure of our environment from a pair of spectral shift in retinal autofuorescence associated with AMD. several challenges that prevent them from measuring 3D shape reliably. 2D images (like those on our retinae) is mathematically an ill-defned Kaluzny J, Purta P, Poskin Z, Rogers JD, Fawzi AA. Ex vivo confocal spectroscopy of These challenges include large lighting variations (bright sunlight to dark problem plagued by ambiguities and noise. Given these complexities, autofuorescence in age-related macular degeneration. PLoS ONE 2016 Sept 15;11(9): night), presence of scattering media (fog, body tissue), and optically complex it is remarkable that the can construct accurate 3D e0162869. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162869 materials (metal, plastic). representations of our surroundings.

In his WISION (Wisconsin Imaging Optics and Computer Vision) Lab, Assistant Assistant Professor Ari Rosenberg and his lab focus on understanding Professor Mohit Gupta is developing extreme 3D cameras based on time-of- how the brain achieves accurate and reliable 3D visual percepts, fight and active triangulation that address these long-standing problems. such as how an object one wants to grasp is oriented. By adapting a This includes designing ‘all-weather’ cameras that can perform high-speed mathematical model called the Bingham Function, which is used to 3D scanning in harsh outdoor environments, as well as cameras that can analyze geomagnetic data, Dr. Rosenberg’s group developed the frst measure detailed (<100 microns resolution) 3D scans at large (>100 meter) methods for quantifying how neurons represent 3D object orientation. stand-off distances. A new research direction with Dr. Andreas Velten is to To understand how we perceive the 3D world, their research employs a develop 3D cameras that can image objects around the corner, which would synergistic, multifaceted approach combining computational modeling, normally be completely invisible to conventional cameras. neurophysiological studies, and human psychophysical experiments.

RESEARCH NOTE RESEARCH NOTE RESEARCHER A UW-Madison research team led by Dr. David Gamm has been selected In an exciting collaboration, a multidisciplinary group of McPherson Andreas Velten, PhD to work on one of six projects funded by the National Eye Institute and ERI member researchers is building a model of the retina that will Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine & Public Health aimed at restoring vision by regenerating light-sensing photoreceptor help doctors better diagnose and develop treatments for age-related Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering cells in the eye. Part of the NEI Audacious Goals Initiative, their project macular degeneration (AMD). Kristyn Masters and Pam Kreeger, is a targeted effort to restore vision by regenerating neurons and their both associate professors of Biomedical Engineering, in conjunction Assistant Professor Andreas Velten’s research in ultrafast computational connections in the eye and visual systems. The UW team consists of with Aparna Lakkaraju (Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences), recently imaging focuses on developing new forms of vision that make use of four McPherson ERI-affliated investigators in addition to Dr. Gamm and received a two-year, $435,569 grant for their project, “Identifcation cameras fast enough to image light in motion—e.g., able to record the scientist Joe Phillips, who heads photoreceptor production in the Gamm of novel therapeutic targets for age-related macular degeneration via nanosecond speed of a laser pulse moving through a soda bottle. These Lab for this effort; they will also collaborate with researchers at Johns a combined tissue engineering and systems biology approach.” By time-of-fight cameras, combined with new imaging algorithms, can utilize Hopkins University. Neuroscientists Tim Gomez and Xinyu Zhao and making a tissue-engineered model of the retina, the team will be able captured time information to see around corners or through scattering biomedical engineers Justin Williams and Bill Murphy will play critical to study how various changes in the eye at different ages can regulate media such as fog or human tissue. They can also create accurate three roles in this effort to coax photoreceptor cells – which are generated from the occurrence of angiogenesis. dimensional representations of an imaged scene, which is important for human pluripotent stem cells – to become fully developed, connected and virtual and augmented reality applications. functioning photoreceptor cells. Imaging and augmented vision in diffcult environments is a key challenge in many applications. Dr. Velten and colleague Dr. Gupta are exploring ultrafast methods for imaging through fog for self-driving cars, imaging into human tissue for medical diagnoses, and imaging around corners. RESEARCH NOTE RESEARCH NOTE Macular edema, the build-up of fuid in the macula, is a major complication Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Bikash Pattnaik has recently published of diabetes and vision impairment – but the detailed mechanisms of this important work on Leber congenital amaurosis, a childhood-onset inherited are poorly understood. An important study led by RRF/Alice R. McPherson retinal disease. Dr. Pattnaik, whose work is funded in part by a recent four-year, Chair Professor Nader Sheibani (Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences) in $1.5 million grant from the National Eye Institute’s Audacious Goals Initiative, collaboration with McPherson ERI members Mitra Farnoodian, Bikash has identifed several potentially signifcant therapeutic approaches to Pattnaik, Chris Sorenson, and additional researchers, identifed how high combating LCA. glucose conditions affect the function of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) Pattnaik BR, Shahi PK, Marino MJ, Liu X, York N, Brar S, Chiang J, Pillers DA, Traboulsi EI. A novel cells. The study showed that high glucose results in increased oxidative KCNJ13 nonsense mutation and loss of Kir7.1 channel function causes Leber congenital amaurosis stress within the cells, leading to changes in multiple factors that contribute (LCA16). Human Mutation, 2015 Jul;36(7):720-7. doi: 10.1002/humu.22807. Epub 2015 May 20. to compromised RPE cell barrier function and edema.

RESEARCHER Farnoodian M, Halbach C, Slinger C, Pattnaik BR, Sorenson CM, Sheibani N. High glucose promotes the migration of retinal pigment epithelial cells through increased oxidative stress and PEDF Yuri Saalmann, PhD expression. American Journal of Physiology - Cell Physiology, 2016 Sep 1;311(3):C418-36. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00001.2016. Epub 2016 Jul 20. Psychology HOPEFUL PATIENT AND MCPHERSON ERI MEMBER College of Letters and Science Annika Konrad There is too much information in our cluttered environments for us to simultaneously process it all in detail. Because of this processing capacity limit, we only process the behaviorally relevant information in detail and flter out the irrelevant information. Such selective attention involves Annika Konrad is a PhD Candidate in Composition and Rhetoric at the increasing the activity of brain cells representing behaviorally relevant University of Wisconsin-Madison. After spending a decade communicating information and reducing the activity of other cells. Assistant Professor Yuri with almost no one about her degenerative retinal disease (rod-cone Saalmann and his lab group investigate how our visual system implements dystrophy/Retinitis Pigmentosa), at the age of 25 she found community selective attention. at the Wisconsin Council of the Blind and Visually Impaired (WCBVI). Since then, she has developed an intellectual and political curiosity toward Using neuroimaging methods, the Saalmann group maps neural networks the ways our society makes life inaccessible to people with disabilities. in the brain. Next—working with human and animal subjects performing Annika uses her skills as a scholar and teacher of writing and rhetoric to visual attention tasks—they use electrophysiology methods to target support disability advocacy efforts. Her doctoral research focuses on the electrodes to interconnected network sites and simultaneously record self-advocacy experiences of people who are blind and visually impaired electrical activity from cells across the network. Finally, they decode the and the social norms that obstruct the success of their efforts. The results activity in this neural network, revealing the patterns of brain activity that demonstrate an alarming phenomenon she calls “access fatigue,” or the support visual perception, selective attention, and visually-guided actions. exhaustion that disabled individuals feel from having to advocate for their This work advances our understanding of visual attention, which, when RESEARCHER own access day in and day out. She uses the results to make data-driven impaired, has devastating consequences on human health, such as in Ender Tekin, PhD arguments about the pressing need for more collective responsibility schizophrenia, attention-defcit hyperactivity disorder, and spatial neglect for access. after stroke. AVIATR Lab, Waisman Center Offce of the Vice Chancellor for Research and Graduate Education In 2013, Annika launched a statewide community writing project in partnership with WCBVI. She continues to collaborate with WCBVI staff to Scientist Ender Tekin runs A and Accessibility publish stories about living with blindness and visual impairment on a blog Technology Research (AVIATR) Lab at the Waisman Center. His work called The Outlook From Here (www.theoutlookfromhere.wordpress.com). involves developing new technological solutions to accessibility Over seventy stories written by people who are blind and visually impaired RESEARCH NOTE problems encountered by individuals with vision loss. Dr. Tekin points and their sighted allies have been published on the blog. Topics range from out that loss of vision can frequently lead to a loss of independence Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness in as well as humans. challenges shopping for groceries, parenting, hunting, and dating to seeking and a reduction in quality of life for an individual. As mobile devices and In an exciting paper published in July, Dr. Gillian McLellan (Ophthalmology accessible voting formats and negotiating accommodations in wearable technologies proliferate, there are new avenues to interact & Visual Sciences) and her collaborators reported a genetic mutation that the workplace. with the constant mesh of devices and appliances in the environment, causes primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) in domestic cats. opening up new possibilities to improve independence and self- Annika plans to pursue a career as a university professor to continue Kuehn MH, Lipsett KA, Menotti-Raymond M, Whitmore SS, Scheetz TE, David VA, McLellan GJ, et al. suffciency for someone who is blind or visually impaired. His research her work on the lived experiences of people with disabilities and the A mutation in LTBP2 causes congenital glaucoma in domestic cats (Felis catus). PLoS ONE 2016 ranges from developing software to improve access to graphical inaccessible environments that disable them. Annika lives with her husband, May 5;11(5): e0154412.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0154412. materials in textbooks for students with print disabilities, to fnding Andy Van Pay, who is a medical student at the UW-Madison School of indoor signs using wearable cameras, to developing hearing aids that Medicine and Public Health. You can fnd out more about her academic incorporate visual information for persons with both vision and hearing and community work at www.annikakonrad.com. loss, a signifcant portion of older adults. MCPHERSON EYE RESEARCH ENDOWED CHAIRS AND PROFESSORSHIPS AT INSTITUTE ADVISORY BOARD THE MCPHERSON EYE RESEARCH INSTITUTE 2015-2016 • Daniel M. Albert, MD, MS Founding Director, McPherson ERI L to R, back: Kevin Eliceiri, Shiela Reaves, Dick Dubielzig, Aki Ikeda, Chuck Dyer, Michael Chaim, Gail Stirr. L to R front: David Gamm, Gill McLellan, Vanessa • Rose Barroilhet, Chair Simmering, Andrea Mason, Nansi Colley DAVID M. GAMM, MD, PHD Director (retired), UW-Madison Space Management DIRECTOR, MCPHERSON EYE • Petros E. Carvounis, MD RESEARCH INSTITUTE Baylor College of Medicine MCPHERSON EYE RESEARCH Retina Research Foundation Emmett A. • Paul M. DeLuca, Jr, PhD INSTITUTE LEADERSHIP Humble Distinguished Directorship Emeritus Provost, UW-Madison COMMITTEE, 2015-2016 Modeling and Treating Retinal Disease • James E. Doyle, JD Foley & Lardner LLP; Governor (former), State of Wisconsin • Nansi Jo Colley, PhD with Human Induced Pluripotent Stem T. MICHAEL NORK, MD, MS Cells (hiPSCs) • Marshall Flax, MS, CLVT, COMS School of Medicine and Public Health Retina Research Foundation Kathryn Fork in the Road Vision Rehabilitation Services • Charles Dyer, PhD Sandra Lemke Trout Chair and Latimer Murfee Chair • Kenneth Frazier College of Letters and Science in Eye Research Functional and Cellular Mechanisms Director (retired), UW-Madison General Library System • Kevin W. Eliceiri, PhD Applications of stem cell technology to of Ischemic Retinal Injury • Don R. Gray, PhD Graduate School; College of Engineering; the study and treatment of age-related Vice-President (retired), UW Foundation Morgridge Institute for Research macular degeneration • Bruce E. Harville • David M. Gamm, MD, PhD, Director School of Medicine and Public Health CHRISTINE M. SORENSON, PHD Offce of Quality Improvement, UW-Madison • Alice R. McPherson, MD • Akihiro Ikeda, DVM, PhD, Associate Director AKIHIRO IKEDA, DVM, PHD Retina Research Foundation Daniel M. Albert Chair President, Retina Research Foundation School of Medicine and Public Health ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR, MCPHERSON Apoptosis in Retinal Vascular Development and Disease • Nancy Mills, JD • Andrea H. Mason, PhD EYE RESEARCH INSTITUTE Legal Action of Wisconsin; Marquette University School of Education Retina Research Foundation Mediation Clinic • Gillian McLellan, BVMS, PhD, DACVO Walter H. Helmerich Research Chair JEREMY ROGERS, PHD • Nell R. Ray School of Veterinary Medicine; Identifcation of Genetic Factors Tax Consultant School of Medicine and Public Health Affecting Aging of the Retina Retina Research Foundation Edwin and • Shiela I. Reaves, MA Dorothy Gamewell Professor • Harry Roth, MD Davis Duehr Dean (retired) College of Agricultural and Life Sciences Optical Instrumentation and Technology • Vanessa R. Simmering, PhD Platforms for the Study and Screening of • David G. Walsh, JD College of Letters and Science Retinal Disease Foley & Lardner LLP

HONORARY ADVISORY BIKASH PATTNAIK, PHD BOARD MEMBERS Retina Research Foundation • Darrell Behnke, JD M. D. Matthews Research Professor Director, Private Client Reserve, U.S. Bancorp Vision Loss Due to Ion-Channelopathy • Oscar C. & Patricia Boldt The Boldt Company • Derilyn Cattelino Philanthropist APARNA LAKKARAJU, PHD • Erik Christianson Retina Research Foundation External Affairs, NCAA Rebecca Meyer Brown Professor • Emmett A. Humble Insight into the Cellular Basis of L to R, back: Marshall Flax, Bruce Harville, Don Gray, Dr. Daniel Albert, David Walsh, Retina Research Foundation Board of Directors Retinal Degenerative Diseases Darrell Behnke. L to R, front: Rose Barroilhet, Deri Cattelino, Dr. Alice McPherson, • Alan R. Morse, JD, PhD Sandra Trout, Dr. Monroe Trout President & CEO, Lighthouse Guild • Monroe & Sandra Trout Philanthropists Eye Research Institute MANDELBAUM & ALBERT FAMILY VISION GALLERY

SHARED VISION: TALES OF SCIENCE ILLUSTRATION 4TH ANNUAL JANUARY – MAY 2016 Exhibiting the transformation of ‘raw’ scientifc data into MCPHERSON ERI artwork that communicates scientifc ideas—artistic works by UW-Madison-associated scientifc illustrators Kate Baldwin, ENDOWED LECTURE Kandis Elliot, H. Adam Steinberg, and Laura Vanderploeg held April 28, 2016

Pawan Sinha, PhD Professor of Vision and Computational Neuroscience Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences MIT (Cambridge, MA)

McPherson Eye Research Institute CATCHING THE EYE of McPherson Eye Research Institute Members An exhibition exploring how vision research CATCHING THE EYE and the artistic eye align in artworks created or collected by members of the McPherson ERI. of McPherson Eye Research In his lecture “Learning to See Late in Life”, Dr. Sinha shared

MANDELBAUM & ALBERT FAMILY VISION GALLERY Institute Members an inspiring illustration of how ongoing basic research JUNE 20–AUGUST 31, 2016 9th foor, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research can yield tangible societal benefts. Project Prakash is an JUNE – AUGUST 2016 initiative that provides sight to blind children on the one hand and helps address questions regarding brain plasticity and Exploring how vision research and the artistic eye align in artworks created or collected by members of the McPherson ERI learning on the other. Through a combination of behavioral and brain-imaging studies, the effort has provided evidence of visual learning late in childhood and has illuminated some Members exhibiting works, L to R: Suzanne Peyer, Jeremy Rogers, Maria Rodriguez, Adam Steinberg, of the processes that might underlie such learning. Rodney Schreiner, Deri Cattelino, Leandro Teixeira, Doris & Dick Dubielzig, Tony Cattelino. Not pictured: Martha Glowacki, Zafer Gurel, Shiela Reaves, Ahna Skop.

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伀倀䔀一䤀一䜀 刀䔀䌀䔀倀吀䤀伀一㨀 IMAGE COMPETITION 吀䠀唀刀匀䐀䄀夀Ⰰ 匀䔀倀吀䔀䴀䈀䔀刀 ㈀㈀Ⰰ 㔀 - 㜀倀䴀 䤀渀 琀栀攀 䴀挀倀栀攀爀猀漀渀 䔀礀攀 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀 䤀渀猀琀椀琀甀琀攀ᤠ猀 䴀䄀一䐀䔀䰀䈀䄀唀䴀 ☀ 䄀䰀䈀䔀刀吀 䘀䄀䴀䤀䰀夀 嘀䤀匀䤀伀一 䜀䄀䰀䰀䔀刀夀 㤀琀栀 ˻漀漀爀Ⰰ 圀椀猀挀漀渀猀椀渀 䤀渀猀琀椀琀甀琀攀猀 昀漀爀 䴀攀搀椀挀愀氀 刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀Ⰰ ㄀㄀㄀㄀ 䠀椀最栀氀愀渀搀 䄀瘀攀 倀愀爀欀椀渀最 愀瘀愀椀氀愀戀氀攀 椀渀 唀圀-䴀愀搀椀猀漀渀 氀漀琀猀 㠀㈀ 漀爀 㘀 愀渀搀 椀渀 爀愀洀瀀猀 㘀㌀ 漀爀 㜀㘀

䜀愀椀氀 匀琀椀爀爀㨀 㘀 㠀⼀㈀㘀㔀-㐀 ㈀㌀ 簀 最洀猀琀椀爀爀䀀眀椀猀挀⸀攀搀甀 䌀漀漀氀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀 䤀洀愀最攀 挀漀渀琀攀猀琀 猀瀀漀渀猀漀爀攀搀 戀礀 倀爀漀洀攀最愀 SEPTEMBER - DECEMBER 2016 䴀椀挀栀愀攀氀 䌀栀愀椀洀㨀 㘀 㠀⼀㈀㘀㔀- 㘀㤀 簀 挀栀愀椀洀䀀眀椀猀挀⸀攀搀甀 LECTURE 唀一䤀嘀䔀刀匀䤀吀夀 漀昀 圀䤀匀䌀伀一匀䤀一ጠ䴀䄀䐀䤀匀伀一

APRIL 27, 2017 Showcasing winning images from UW Communications’ DR. JOSÉ-ALAIN SAHEL annual all-campus science image contest 8TH ANNUAL VISION SCIENCE POSTER SESSION HELD OCTOBER 4, 2016

100 attendees; 37 posters presented; 18 trainee award competitors

MCPHERSON ERI RESEARCH EVENTS 2017 2016 Sharing vision-related fndings and insights and fostering Sign communications and connections Up! SATURDAY MARCH 11th, 2017

Cycle for Sight continues to be a fun, exciting and rewarding event for the Institute and for the many riders who hop on spinning bikes at the Princeton Club, and at the Nat and the SERF on the UW-Madison campus. In March 2016, well over 200 riders and walkers participated in the event, raising $35,000 for vision research. We’re very grateful to these participants and to our many donors.

SPECIAL THANKS TO OUR 2016 SPONSORS: Rec Sports at UW-Madison, the Princeton Club, Cellular Dynamics International, the Shopko Foundation, Flyght Cycle, Direct Fitness Solutions/Precor, and Saris Cycling.

PLEASE JOIN US FOR THE 2017 RIDE! www.cycleforsight.wisc.edu MERI-AT-A-GLANCE SHORT RESEARCH PRESENTATIONS HELD FEBRUARY AND OCTOBER 2016

16 short vision-focused research talks by members and trainees from 15 departments; at 2 events, each with 65 – 75 attendees ■ Sami Naim ■ Alexandra Mostaza Scallon ■ Molly & Daniel Tormey WITH THANKS AND APPRECIATION ■ Barbara & Stephen Napier ■ Gregory & Shelly Scallon ■ Sandra & Monroe Trout ■ Anand Natampalli ■ Katie Scallon ■ Amy & Steve Ulrich TO THE FOLLOWING $50+ CONTRIBUTORS TO THE MCPHERSON EYE RESEARCH INSTITUTE: ■ Audrey Nelson ■ Kevin & Betsy Scallon ■ Susan Ulrich ■ Brian Nelson ■ Peggy Scallon & Mark Redsten ■ James Ulrich JULY 1, 2015 – NOVEMBER 1, 2016 ■ Robert Nickells ■ Ramona Scallon ■ The Ulrich Family & Cassandra Schlamp ■ Rita Scallon ■ University Bookstore ■ Christine Nicometo ■ Sarah Scallon ■ US Bancorp ■ Nicole Niebuhr ■ Kim Schmid ■ Althea Valentyn ■ Affliated Engineers, Inc ■ Braun Intertec Corporation ■ Doris & Dick Dubielzig ■ Bruce Harville ■ Michael Lavery T. Michael Nork ■ Gayle Schmitt Brett & Mackenzie Valentyn Sanjay Agarwal Robin Broomfeld Deb & Michael Dumke John Hermanson Diane & Joe Lee ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Susan & Andrew North ■ Christopher Schuele ■ Connor Valentyn ■ Daniel & Eleanor Albert ■ Dr & Mrs Mark Brower ■ Janis Eells ■ Virginia & John Hinderaker ■ Jon Leuer Thomas O’Connor ■ Brian Schumann Debra & Daniel Valentyn Kathryn Allen Alexander Brown Erik’s Bike Shop Sue Holmes Sarah Lewis ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Ocular Services on Demand ■ Jacquelyn & James Schutz ■ Nancy & Tim Valentyn ■ Anne Ahearn ■ Justin Brumbaugh ■ EyeKor, Inc ■ Thomas Holmes ■ Wanda & Jeffrey Lomprey (OSOD) ■ Rachel Seavey ■ Paul & Elise Van Ginkel ■ Gary Anderson ■ Roxy Campbell ■ Matthew Fahey ■ Emmett A. Humble ■ Anne Lozon ■ Oregon/Brooklyn Lions Club, Inc ■ Carla Seeks ■ Dr & Mrs Edward Vidruk ■ Jennifer & Lance Anderson ■ LeGay Carter ■ Mary & Thomas Fahey ■ Lisa Hurban ■ LPL Financial ■ Kerry & Arlen Ostreng Jill & Bill Oswald ■ Nader Sheibani & Christine ■ Virginia J Holoubek ■ Richard & Alice Appen ■ Petros Carvounis ■ Debbie Fairweather ■ Aki & Sakai Ikeda ■ Reggie Lund ■ Sorenson Revocable Trust Anne Appleton Abigail Cash Ian Fairweather Naveen Irudayaraj Jeanne & Virgil Lund ■ Jameson Owen ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ The Shopko Foundation ■ Jeffrey Vogtschaller Scott Arndt Juliana Castelli Susan Fasciano Joan & Richard Jacobson Erica Macke ■ Bikash Pattnaik ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Rachel Slade ■ Colleen & Fredrick Volker artforscience Derilyn & Tony Cattelino Marilyn & David Fayram Sue & Thomas Jarona Michele Macke ■ Susan Pelzel ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Kate Slaughter ■ David & Nancy Walsh Badger Paperboard, Inc Cellular Dynamics Ben Fisher Alice & John Jenson Caitlin MacNair & Timothy Court ■ Tracy & Todd Perkins ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Maxim Slesarev ■ Robert Walters International, Inc AnneMarie Peterson ■ Brent Bailey ■ Kaitlyn Fitzgerald ■ Paul Jobst ■ Madison Central Lions Club ■ Jason Smith Andrew & Judy Waterman Michael Chaim ■ ■ Eric Bangerter ■ Kari & Thomas Fitzgerald Richmond Johnson Madison Monona Lioness Club ■ Suzanne Peyer ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Jay & Patricia Smith ■ Ted Weaver ■ Christine & Douglas Chambers Pfzer Foundation ■ Terri Baron ■ Marshall & Lisa Flax ■ The Johnson Family ■ Shirley Madsen ■ Harry & Bonnie Spiegelberg Michael Weiden Dr Samuel Charles ■ ■ Rose Barroilhet ■ Flyght Cycle Sherry Kaiman Julie & Henry Majerus ■ Jenny & Joe Phillips ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Jeanne & Phillip Stefonik ■ Frances Lipton Weinstein ■ Munish Chhabra Randy Phillips ■ Arthur & Shirley Baryenbruch ■ Jeanne & Robert Frank ■ Megan Kaiser ■ Steve Malchow ■ Ben Stefonik Barbara White Bob Childers ■ ■ Diane Baryenbruch ■ Kenneth Frazier Griffn Kalepp Virginia Manthe ■ Arthur Polans & Myra Schultz ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Leslie & Greg Stilson ■ Leah Widmer ■ Erik & Rachel Christianson Michael Potter ■ Mick Baryenbruch ■ Mary & Timothy Fritsche ■ Margo & Kim Kalepp ■ Chad Manuell ■ Gail & Richard Stirr Guilford Mitchell Wiley, Jr. Candace Clark ■ ■ Mary & Jerome Baryenbruch ■ Fujiflm Jean Kalscheur Julie Mares ■ Precor ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Ann Stitgen ■ Mark Wilke ■ Mr Andrew Conner Mary & Mark Pribbenow ■ Anne & Kurt Bauer ■ Amy Fulton ■ Lynn & Daniel Kaplan ■ Andrea & Scott Mason ■ Phil Stoddard Ann & Guy Wilson Mildred & Marv Conney ■ ■ Audrey & Mark Bauman ■ Tammy & Vincent Fumusa Alexander Katz Tatiana Maxwell ■ The Princeton Club, ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Megan Stoltz ■ Carol & Bob Witt ■ John Court Madison West ■ Mary Ellen & Goff Beach Family ■ B’Ann & Samuel Gabelt ■ Christy & Chip Kaufman ■ McFarland Lioness Club Jodi & Alan Stout Mary Woodward Foundation Culver’s Restaurants ■ Nicholas Quinn ■ ■ ■ David & Marilyn Gamm Bernhard Kaufman Gillian McLellan & Dan Williams ■ ■ ■ ■ Barbara Stretchberry ■ Gerard & LeAnn Xavier ■ Thomas & Martha Beach ■ Bill Czaplewski ■ Paul Rathouz ■ Jesse Garrison ■ Sharon Kelley ■ Alice R. McPherson, MD Margaret Suralik Sansun Yeh Vicki & Matthew Beglinger Laura Darjatmoko ■ Nell & Harmon Ray ■ ■ ■ ■ Dr & Mrs Dale Gerdes The Kersey Family Kristy & Gordon Meicher ■ ■ ■ ■ Lisa & Michael Suter ■ Terri Young & Robert Pozner ■ Darrell & Michelle Behnke ■ Chandra Darjatmoko ■ Division of Recreational Sports, ■ Angela Gerlach ■ Robert Kieffer ■ Michael Meissen UW-Madison Mio Suzuki David & Karen Zimmerman Marsha & Kenneth Behnke Soesiawati Darjatmoko ■ ■ ■ ■ Ben Giese Michelle & Daniel Kirch Betty Merten ■ ■ ■ ■ Jan & Bill Rector Tammy Switow Rolland & Janet Zimmerman Linda Bergren-York Ishan Dave ■ ■ ■ ■ Larry Glen Pamela Kling & Michael Rausch Jeffrey Mezzano & David York ■ ■ ■ ■ Genevieve & Oliver Redsten Cheng Tan Matthew Zobel Matthew & Nancy Davis ■ ■ ■ Glenville Timberwrights Knights Of Columbus Black Sigurd Midelfort Kevin Blake ■ ■ ■ ■ Retina Research Foundation Alexandra Thomas Steven Zunker ■ Kristin De Cremer-Pearson Hawk Council #3099 ■ ■ ■ Marilee & Kevin Gorman Susan Miller Courtney Blomme ■ ■ ■ Cheryl & Thomas Retzlaff Marcia Thomas ■ Blanca de Leon Diane & Daniel Koellen ■ ■ Ericka & Garrett Graham ■ Teresa Million Linda & Robert Blomme ■ ■ ■ Toni & Don Richards Teresa Thuemling ■ Deb & Kevin DeMaster Kevin Krause ■ ■ Judy & Steve Grahovak ■ Nancy Mills Joseph Blustein ■ ■ ■ Katherine Richbourg Kelsey & Matthew Tiradani ■ Direct Fitness Solutions Beverly & William Krell ■ & Baoguang Wang ■ Thomas & Christine Grannis ■ Steven Moechnig ■ ■ ■ Sara & Sverre Roang Kimberly Toops Christopher Doering Linda & Peter Krug ■ THE McPHERSON Melvin Boldt ■ Don & Joan Gray ■ Monona State Bank ■ ■ ■ ■ Jean Roberts & John Voegeli Jackie Toops Gary & Sherry Doering Willa Kuh ■ EYE RESEARCH INSTITUTE Oscar C. & Patricia Boldt ■ Elaine & Paul Greene ■ Dr. Alan Morse ■ ■ ■ ■ Stephen Rodgers Laura Toops Sasha Doering Aparna Lakkaraju ■ The Boldt Corporation ■ Lian-Wang Guo & Hai Wu ■ Carolyn & Charles Mowbray ■ ■ ■ ■ Harry & Karen Roth Jim Tormey IS GRATEFUL FOR Tom & Suzanne Dow Kris Lamp ■ Anne Bolz ■ Jeffrey Hankins ■ Harry Muller ■ ■ ■ ■ Ross Royster Jerrill & David Tormey Jim & Jessica Doyle Dr & Mrs Ronald Lange ■ CONTRIBUTIONS AT ALL Kathleen & Robert Bovy ■ Marcia & Daniel Hardy ■ Carol Murray ■ ■ ■ ■ Rebecca & David Ryan Justin Dreikosen Katherine Laverty Jill Bradshaw & Curtis Slover ■ Carolyn Hartloff ■ Carol & John Myhre LEVELS OF SUPPORT! ■ ■ ■ ■ Saris Cycling Group MISSION STATEMENT: The McPherson Eye Research Institute is a multidisciplinary community of scholars working to gain critical knowledge about the science and art of vision and apply it to the prevention of blindness.

For more information on how to partner with the McPherson Eye Research Institute in support of research, education and treatment advances in the visual sciences, please contact us. T (608) 265-4023 E [email protected] W www.vision.wisc.edu A McPherson Eye Research Institute | 9431 WIMR 1111 Highland Avenue | Madison WI 53705

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