CITATIOM, 'HORSE OF THE AGE," AND WHENCE HE CAME
STORY ON PAGES 6-il
VOL. 39 NO. 10 "For our children we will conserve our . . . soil' ngBmmammmm
THE PHILOSOPHY of International Harvester dealers, who of them we will not plow our steep hillsides and let our top soil have their roots in the soil of their home communities, is wash into the Elk or the Little Kanawha. We will not timber summed up in this "editorial" from a recent newspaper adver our woodlots without making plans for trees for the future. tisement of the Gassaway Truck and Implement Company, For our children wc will conserve our coal, oil, timber, water Gassaway, West Virginia: supply, and top soil. "Wc promised you a picture of our grandson, and here it is "We of the Gassaway Truck and Implement Company are ... To us, he represents boys and girls everywhere. He is the building for the future." , . - fellow we work for. "We think of things as they will be when he is a man, and plan accordingly. We hope that our readers' attention will be called to their own sons, daughters, grandsons, and grand daughters, or even to the boy and girl next door. Thinking This photograph of c. v. RANDOLPH, proprietor of the Gassaway Truck and Implement Com pany, International Harvester dealer, Gass away, West Virginia, and his grandson, James Atkins, appeared recently in this dealer's adver tising in the Sutton, West Virginia, newspaper.
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I Mounted "piggy-back," these new Internationals are ready for a driveaway from IH Springfield Works, Springfield, Ohio.
Around the clock with motor trucks: ride with the sun across the nation'"
By DALE COX, Director of Public Relations, International Harvester Company
AWN CAME FIRST to these United States today hand for the arrival of the first customers. Trucks began to at Eastport, way out on the eastern tip of Maine arrive in Eastport from distant cities with shipments from on Moose Island in Passamaquoddy Bay, where Portland, Bangor, Augusta, and even Boston and New York. the tides roll so high many have toyed with the Hundreds of trucks were astir in Eastport, Maine, with the idea of harnessing them. Even before the sun coming of the new day, hauling every type of product and rose today over Eastport, the motor trucks commodity useful to man. As the hands of the clock turn their were rolling their rounds, serving the people inevitable cycle today in Eastport, motor trucks will in some Hof that easternmost town in the United States. The dairy trucks were being loaded with milk, cream, and butter for delivery to the homes of customers. Trucks from the *The accompanying text formed the larger fart of an address by Mr. nearby farms began to arrive at markets and grocery stores. Cox before the Detroit Rotary Club. Mr. Cox is chairman of the Wholesalers' trucks were loaded preparatory to moving perish Motor Truck Public Relations Committee of the Automobile Manu able and other food to the retail stores, so that it would be on facturers Association. WESTWARD FROM EASTPORT
and each makes its important contribution to our whole trans portation system. Each supplements the other. For example, the railroads of the United States own 80,000 or more trucks which they use to supplement the movement of freight by rail. The air lines and water shipping lines own other thousands of trucks which they use to supplement in various ways their form of transportation.
BUT IT IS A FACT that almost any article you can think of has moved all or part of the way by truck from where it came to where it now is. More things have traveled more different times by truck than by any other form of transport. Take the things you see in this room, right here. Nearly everything you see came here part way by truck—the clothes you wear, the food you had for lunch, the chairs in which you sit, the cigars you smoke, the tables at which you sit, the decora tions in the room, the materials in the building itself—all traveled by truck to get here. About the only things you see in DALE COX: "More people are earning a liveli this room that didn't get here by truck are the water in the hood in the motor truck industry than in any other pitchers at your table, which came by pipe, and the electricity, occupation in theUnited Statesexceptagriculture." which came by wire. And so it is anywhere you go. Such a commonplace thing that we all accept it as a matter of fact. Such an accepted thing that we take up the phone, place an order and say: "Please deliver." And most of us never give it a second thought. But way serve every citizen in that town. Indeed, long after it was not always that way in the United States. darkness has come, the trucks will still be rolling there. We need to go back no further than to 1910 to find a year If we could ride with the sun across America today we when there were only 6,000 trucks in the whole United States. would see motor trucks duplicating their Eastport service in Many of you here can remember back that far. You remember every city and town in this great country, from the Atlantic to the horse-drawn delivery wagon and the moving drays in the the Pacific, from the Canadian to the Mexican borders. We cities. How many horses would it take in the United States would see them massed at terminals in our great cities. We today to furnish the horsepower in the 6,500,000 trucks we would see them on city streets. We would see them on the have at our service? main highways, on rural secondary roads, in the fields on In 1910 there were 24,000,000 horses and mules on American millions of farms, in the oil fields, in the great forests of the farms. In 1947 the number had declined to 10,000,000. In 1910 Sierras, on lonely desert trails, deep in the iron and copper open there were 1,000 tractors on American farms. In 1947 there pit tnines, and on the highest mountains. were about 2,700,000. In 1910 there were about 2,000 trucks on American farms. In 1947 there were about 2,000,000. Thus we see that, essential as tractors are to our farms today, the WE WOULD SEE on just this one day more than 6,500,000 truck is regarded as almost equally essential, because there trucks in the United States—by far the greatest number in any are nearly as many of them on the farms. About one-third of all country in the world, and more than half of all the motor trucks in the country, or about 2,000,000 of them, are on farms. trucks in the whole world. We would see all types and sizes of The number of trucks on farms has doubled since 1940. trucks, some able to haul only half a ton or less, and others Today almost everything that leaves the farm makes its first capable of hauling 40 to 50 tons in ofF-the-highway work. We journey by truck. And 57 percent of the livestock received at would sec these trucks hauling almost everything under the sun. our stockyards today reaches the yards by truck. The great Finally, we would pass with the sun over Bandon, Oregon, cattle drives along the Chisholm and other famous trails from the westernmost incorporated town in the United States, at an the southwestern ranges to the railheads have long since passed hour when many people in the midwest had already retired for into history and are now a part of our fascinating western story. the night. And as we passed over Bandon we would see trucks Today the cattle from those ranges either move all the way to there ending their day's chores, and starting out on their market by truck or to the railroad by truck. night-time work, delivery trucks returning to their terminals, farmers returning to their homes in the dusk, and over-the- highway trucks departing for Portland and Seattle. SEVENTY-FIVE of our largest metropolitan cities with total The motor truck is only one of the great forms of transporta population of 25,000,000 people today receive all their milk tion which make up our unparalleled American transportation from the farms by truck. Thousands of smaller cities do the system. We have our railroads, our water transport, our air same thing. And most of the milk is delivered from the dairies planes, and our highway transportation. Each has its place and creameries to consumers by truck. :'-i.?-
1.0AD1NG COAL at a West Virginia strip mine 0|ier:ition in the Appalachian coal fields.
"ALMOST ANY ARTICLE you can think of has moved all or part of the way by truck from where it came to where it now is."
SUCH A SCENE AS THIS, iu Raciiic, Wisconsm— the delivery of foods by truck—can be duplicated at almost any time of the day in every community throughout the land.
OPiJiSS
.., .JW - WESTWARD FROM EASTPORT
Many types of fruit, especially those grown in the eastern in the trucking industry of about 11 billion dollars annually. part of the United States, today go all the way from orchard to Of course, the farmer who drives his own truck does not pay market by truck. Peaches from Georgia are trucked all the himself a wage for driving it, but many farmers will tell you way to Chicago and Detroit. Apples from the Shenandoah that their trucks are worth more than $2,000 to them each year. Valley are trucked to New York and Philadelphia. Water And of course we should not overlook the truck manu melons are trucked from southern Indiana to Toledo and facturing segment of the industry. You men in Detroit are Cleveland. A fair portion of Florida citrus fruit is brought pretty familiar with that part. You have a large number of north by truck. Rapidity of movement, without loss of time truck manufacturing plants in this area that employ many in terminals or warehouses, is essential in the handling of such thousands of people. Scores of other plants make things that crops. It means better prices for the growers and less loss of become a part of the trucking industry like trailers, bodies, fruit by spoilage in transit. and thousands of parts that go into trucks. Have you fol Timing is of great importance in the marketing of many lowed the amazing growth of truck manufacture? things grown on the farms. For example, peony blooms bring For the ten years prior to the depression of the •30s, truck their peak price on the Memorial Day market. There has production averaged less than a half-million units a year. But developed a substantial peony-growing section in southern in 1936, it got up to nearly 800,000 units, and the figure got up Indiana for furnishing peonies in full bloom for Memorial to nearly 900,000 civilian and nearly 200,000 military units in Day in northern cities. Peonies seldom are in bloom this far 1941, before wc got into the war. Civilian truck production north that early in the season. Millions of these peony blooms during the war, of course, declined sharply, as military pro are brought to Chicago, Detroit, and New York for Memorial duction went up. But in 1946, after the war, production shot Day by truck. And, speaking of flowers, most orchids travel up to 940,000. Last year it went over the million mark for the today by truck. The ladies want their orchids just right. first time in history, with 1,220,000 units. The estimated production for this year is 1,250,000, or a little better than one-fourth of the estimated total automotive production for TODAY THERE ARE more than 5,500,000 people employed the year. in the trucking industry, of whom about 4,465,000 are drivers While the truck of today is a greatly improved vehicle over of trucks. There are some 300,000 engaged in truck manu the truck of a generation ago, or even a decade ago, the truck facture, and the remainder are in sales, servicing and truck of tomorrow will be an even better vehicle, and will be even maintenance. This is by far the largest number of employes in more efficiently operated. It must meet the competition of any field of transportation. The railroads, for example, have other forms of transportation. It must pay its way. It cannot about 1,500,000 employes, about one-fourth the number engaged live by subsidies. in trucking. Indeed, there are more people earning a livelihood today in the motor truck industry than in any other occupation in the TRUCK ENGINEERS believe that the biggest improvement United States except agriculture. That is a highly important in the truck of tomorrow will be in its increased power, not fact which is little known or appreciated by the American necessarily for greater average speeds, but to permit it to make people. Assuming an average wage for these 5,500,000 em higher speeds on grades. Since the trucks must use the same ployes of $2,000 per year, which is admittedly only a rough highways used by passenger cars, today's truck that has to calculation, there would be a total income for these employes reduce to slow speeds on grades interferes with passenger car
APPROACHING thc fafflous concrete floating bridge across Lake Washington, Seattle, Washington. REDWOOD LOGS in California. "Trucks haul almost everything under the sun.
travel. Through auxiliary transmissions, two-speed axles, and bilities is the use of two-way radio. This is already in use more powerful engines, the trucks of the future will be able to by some operators, in an experimental way. Take the example travel at good speeds on grades. Greater safety and better of a fleet of trucks leaving the Georgia peach orchards for performance are the objectives of the truck engineers. Pittsburgh and Philadelphia. The trucks are started to those Greater driver comfort is another important objective in cities because the market prices there are higher. But, the next future truck design. Much research is being done on that day, while the trucks are en route, market conditions may score, and through better cab and seat design, better springs, change, and prices in Toledo and Detroit may make it more reduction of the fatigue factor and other things, the job of the profitable to take the peaches there. By two-way radio, some truck driver will be made more comfortable. or all of the peach trucks can be diverted in a case of that Another important development is the emergence of the kind, and sent to the market where the best prices prevail. refrigerated truck. There are many of them in operation now, And the truck will continue to pay a large share of the but the number is going to increase tremendously. Mechanical highway construction and maintenance costs of the country- refrigeration will be built right in the truck body or trailer. more than its proportionate share. Special truck taxes now Many experiments are going on in that direction. total more than $850,000,000 a year, or an average of $135 Some frozen food stores are now delivering frozen food direct per truck. from the stores, in refrigerated trucks to home freezers. As more and more people understand the absolute essential Some interesting food freezing ideas are also under study, one need for trucks, they are going to regard them more highly. of which envisions the preparation of foods to be frozen at the So at sundown this evening at Bandon, Oregon, indeed, place they are grown, placing them in refrigerated trucks right up to midnight tonight, the trucks all across America where the temperature is at zero or lower, and freezing the will be rolling to city and town, completing their services for food en route to the market. Strawberry growers in Louisiana you and me on this single day. have been investigating the possibility of doing this with And we might recall that no small part of the high and com strawberries, freezing them on trucks en route to market. fortable standard of living we enjoy today in the United States A new technique in truck operation that holds great possi is due to that essential, but unglamorous vehicle, the motor truck. EACH AFTERNOON THE STABLE BOYS lead thc fututc Carriers of Calumet's devil blue and red colors to pasture where they can graze and frolic with their brothers in preparation for thc future rigors of racing.
STABLISHING an unheard-of record in 1947, and fast approaching the same goal in 1948, as the first home of turf kings to win $1,000,000 in purses and stakes in a single year—such is the achievement of Calumet Farm, near Lexington, Kentucky. (Calumet Farm won $1,402,436 in 1947, and through September 17, 1948, its winnings had totaled $1,027,410.) Calumet Farm, owned by Warren Wright, through September Operating famous race horse farm is a business 17, 1948, had bred these famed race horses: the world's leading money-winning gelding—Armed, who has won $773,700; the world's champion money winner from June 1943 to June 1947— and a science, with a most exacting procedure Whirlaway, who won $561,161.50; fourteen $100,000 winners; six others who won over $200,000; three Kentucky Derby winners—Whirlaway, in 1941, who set a new and still-existent Taxi and photos by JOSEPH P. OANELUK track record and captured a Triple Crown; Pensive, in 1944; and Citation, in 1948, who also won a Triple Crown; 38 stake win ners in 14 racing years; and 11 division leaders. The present leading stake winner is Citation, a three-year- the farm has 200 white-faced Hereford steers roaming its blue- old, by Bull Lea out of Hydroplane II. Setting a new 1948 grass meadows, and 25 Jersey cows, milked mechanically in a track record for Ij^ miles in 2:03 at Garden State Park, Citation spotless dairy barn. The farm also has its own registered bulls. had won $651,750 through September 17, 1948, in 23 starts, As to chickens, approximately 1,200 broilers are raised in with 21 wins, 2 seconds, and 15 stakes. another section of the dairy barn. Each week 300 new chicks Citation was adjudged the best two-year-old of 1947, un arrive, and 300 fully-grown broilers are killed, cleaned, and beaten in nine starts except to stablemate Bewitch in the readied for market. Most of the supply is sold to local country Washington Park Futurity. Among the 1948 stakes won by clubs, with the remainder going to trade establishments. Citation are: the Kentucky Derby, Preakness Stakes, and Of the Calumet barns, two with 30 stalls each are used for Belmont Stakes (Triple Crown), Derby Trial, Chesapeake training, three with 24 stalls each are used for brood mares, Stakes, Flamingo Stakes, Everglades Handicap, Seminole one with eight stalls for foaling, one with 24 stalls for yearling Handicap, Jersey Stakes, Stars and Stripes Handicap, and colts, and one with 20 stalls for yearling fillies. In addition, American Derby. Citation also placed in the Chesapeake seven field sheds are strategically located for miscellaneous uses. Trial, the only time he was beaten at three years through Besides these are such buildings as the mule barn, implement September 17, 1948. Citation is the only horse to win the sheds, dairy barns, poultry building, the residences of the Belmont Futurity and/or the Derby Trial Stakes and win the Wrights (senior and junior) and the farm manager, and the Kentucky Derby. Other top-ranking Calumet thoroughbreds currently touring the major racing circuit are such notables as Bewitch, Free America, Armed, Pep Well, Fervent, Faultless, and Coaltown. The front cover
CALUMET FARM HAS approximately 1,200 acres of rolling SHOWN IN the winner's circle just after he had won the Stars and Stripes Kentucky bluegrass land, which looks like a soft carpet dotted Handicap at Chicago's Arlington Park is Citation, Calumet Farm's "horse of the with handsome barns and other farm buildings, all painted age. " Aside from being the eighth horse in history to win America's Triple white with red trimming. It has over 12 miles of amiesited Crown—the Kentucky Derby, Preakness, and Belmont Stakes, Citation is the only roadways and 16 miles of white fences. horse to win the Belmont Futurity and/or the Derby Trial Stakes and win the Aside from gaining national repute as the home of famed Kentucky Derby. racing thoroughbreds, Calumet Farm also has established Setting a new 1948 track record for IJ^ miles in 2.-03 at Garden State Park, itself profitably in general farming. Citation has won $651,750 through August 8, 1948, in 23 starts, with 21 wins, 2 Equipped with seven different pieces of International Har seconds, and 15 stakes. vester farm equipment and three International trucks—virtually Left to right, in the cover photograph with Citation are: Benjamin F. Lind- all of which have withstood the rigors of extended use—the heimer, executive director of Arlington Park; Ben Jones, general manager, farm is quite productive. Calumet Farm racing stable; Warren Wright, owner of Calumet Farm; Jimmy Twenty acres are devoted to tobacco, 20 acres to alfalfa, Jones (holding bridle), trainer; and Eddie Arcaro, jockey (seated atop Citation'). 20 to clover hay, 15 to corn, and 3 to vegetables. In addition, The picture is the product of "Mike" Ahxandir, Arlington Park photographer.
THE COLONIAL-STYLE HOME of Warrcu Wright at Calumet Farm. Mr. Wright lives here when he is not watching his thoroughbreds perform on the nation's tracks.
TO TRAIN ITS HORSES foT evcry eventuality on the nation's race tracks, Calumet has constructed its own J^-mile track, on which the yearlings ate exercised each morning. Inside there is an all-purpose training track. CALUMET FARM HOME OF WINNERS
boarding house which takes care of 40 of the farm's 55 employes supervised by J. Paul EbeJhardt. In addition, too, is the stallion barn, which also houses the farm's offices in the front quarter of the building. In this barn these renowned stallions are stabled: Whirlaway, Bull Lea, Pensive, Sun Again, and Chance Play (retired). At this writing there are 138 horses at Calumet, with 36 away at the tracks. The birth rate is about 40 colts a year. Each year some of the colts are sold at auction, some selling for as much as $5,000 to $60,000 each. N >«. ^ Mr. Ebelhardt, farm manager and an able horseman in his V \N own right, is one of the quiet motivating forces behind the c. A. QUETio, sales promotion, IH Louisville branch, admires Bull Lea, Calumet intricate, smoothly running operations of Calumet Farm. Farm's leading stallion. Bull Lea is the sire of Citation, present top money winner. Reciting methods used in handling the horses, Mr. Ebelhardt has stated: "We start to correct the bad defects in our horses when they are babies. We get a running start on any flaw or illness. When there is the slightest need our horses are medically treated. Constant care is exercised for soundness of legs and feet. Feet particularly are watched and are kept trimmed to the correct angle with heels down. Such operations as firing of hoofs are performed as soon as is practical. "Those horses that are fired are turned out while their feet are still sore, so they won't run too much. If they are confined too long before being turned out, they will run and tear loose what you fired to correct. Cradles (^collar-like devices around the horses' necks that prevent them from bending down and possibly rubbing or chewing at ankles or knees under treatment^ are left on, and horses at this time are never turned out in wet grass."
THE FIRST LESSONS in deportment for the future stake winners of Calumet begin about July 1 each year. Robert Moore, former stud groom, starts breaking in the yearlings. First of all the youngsters are taught to run slowly. Calumet's formula is always to take two or more days to imprint certain lessons correctly and thoroughly. While the weather is good the colts are turned out at night,
MARE AND HER FOAL being led back to their stall in Calumet Farm's brood mare bam after an afternoon romp in a pasture.
10 VISITORS OCCASIONALLY get n tare treat at Calumet when one of the farm's foremost stallions and former triple-crown winner, Whirlaway, is led through thc field near the stallion barn. Shown also is a Farmall-H tractor with a mower attachment.
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ONE OF CALUMET PAHM'S fomicr color bearers contentedly passes time in Kentucky bluegrass, while her foal gains strcagih for iutuic piuwcss at the races.
and as winter approaches they are turned out in the daytime the leader. This practice develops leadership and responsibility and stabled at night. Colts at Calumet are not individually in each colt. The system, similar to the game of "follow the paddocked, and are allowed to run and play together freely on leader" that children play, overcomes the colts' tendency the reasoning that such experience builds strong bone and to shy. muscle and more than compensates for the occasional injuries The yearlings remain at the farm until the last week in received in such activity. November when they are shipped to Florida. The youngsters Track schooling is very thorough at the home of these at this stage have had 90 days of galloping, breezing having "champions-to-be." The yearlings are trained in galloping begun on October 1. Trainer Ben Jones usually arrives a week formation and are run in both directions around the farm's own before shipping time to watch them work. ^-mile track, which is regulation in every respect and com In shipping, the express cars are never overloaded, the plete even to the chute. A lead-off system is used with a five- management believing that to do so would be false economy. horse set. The horses start one at a time at intervals, so timed Crowding can easily result in a sick or injured horse. Good that the first horse gets back to the starting point as the last colts are each given a full stall in the car. As a result of this one of the group is leaving. Each day a different colt is made care, Mr. Ebelhardt says, he has never had a sick horse en route.
m^: SOME OF THE BRAHMA herd of Cushmau S. Radebaugh, Orlando, Florida. Brahma cattle are distributed throughout the southern states, the largest number being raised in thc coastal regions of Texas, Louisiana, and Florida. They are adaptable to the Gulf Coast region because they stand heat and arc resistant to ticks, flies, and mosquitoes. They have been termed "the cattle of the future for the South.'
12 tHTER NATIONAL HARVESTER Q^,^^af^^z^^^ OCTOBER 1948 CXECUri V'E An announcement by Executive Vice President G. C. HOYT WILLARD MORRISON left the Company, effective September 7, to serve as deputy director of the farm equipment branch in the industry division of the Economic Cooperative Administration. Mr. Morrison's services have been loaned at the request of Paul G. Hoffman, E.C.A. administrator, and his associates. Mr. Morrison has been with the Company for 29 years, and his most recent position was that of manager of supply and inventory for thc WILLARD MORRISON T. E. IRWIN T. H. BLEDSOE foreign operations group. In that Manager, Supply & Inventory, FO, Assistant Supervisor, Supervisor of Parts Sales, position, and also as chairman of thc Services Loaned to E.C.A. Wage Administration General Line Sales Department foreign trade, machinery department of thc farm equipment institute, which position he has held for three years, he has had much experience in connection with all foreign farm machinery requirements. He also assistant supervisor, wage admini relations manager; 1946, chief of assistant manager at thc Louisville, has a wide acquaintance with others stration. General Offices, Chicago, methods and rates, Melrose Park Kentucky, general line branch in in the farm machinery industry, both effective June 28. Works; and 1947, staff assistant to June of 1946, from which assignment here and abroad, who arc interested Mr. Irwin joined Harvester in 1937 the works manager. he has been called to thc Chicago in foreign agriculture. at Milwaukee Works. His experi sales staff. Our Company regrets losing Mr. ence there in the shop, the industrial The sales and distribution of parts Morrison's services for a period, but relations department, and as assistant GCNEKAL LINES SALES has become increasingly important realizes that, as part of l^rm equip chief of methods and rates led to his over the last few years, and will ment industry, we must do all possible selection as chief of methods and DEPARTMENT continue to require specialized atten to assist in carrying out the farm rates at Melrose Park Works. Later tion. We feel that Mr. Bledsoe is machinery program of E.C.A. in thc he became staff assistant to thc Announcements by particularly fitted by past experience most efficient manner possible. works manager. His wide experi A. J. PETEKSON, for his new assignment. (^Announced ence well qualifies him for his new Manager, General Line Sales Department July i.) assignment. KVE are pleased to announce the WAGS ADMINISTRATION appointment of T. H. BLEDSOE as T. H. BLEDSOE. Sctvicc—1940, Sales T. E. IRWIN. Service—1937, truck supervisor of parts sales, general line man, Charlotte, North Carolina, g.l.; An announcement by driver, Milwaukee Works; 1938, der sales department. February 1942, parts helper; Novem IRVING A. DUFFY, rick operator; 1939, machine operator Mr. Bledsoe entered the employ of ber 1942, combination blockman; and group leader; 1940, time study the Harvester Company in August of 1944, parts merchandiser; and 1946, Director, Wage Administration man; 1944, assistant chief of methods 1940 at thc Charlotte, North Dakota, assistant branch manager, Louisville, T. E. IRWIN has been appointed and rates; 1945, assistant industrial general line branch. He was made Kentucky, g.l. E. C. KNEECE C. V. ANDERSON J. A. STRICKLAND R. D, EASTMAN Assistant to Special Product Man Supervisor of Inspection, Staff Assistant to Auditor Works Auditor, on Farm 'Tractors, GLSD Refrigeration Division of Manufacturing, MTD Fort Wayne Works, MTD R. L. GALL M. E. HAYHURST C. H. MEYER EMILIANO BAUTISTA Assistant Works Auditor, Assistant Works Auditor, Assistant General Auditor for Brazil, Manager, Davao Branch, Fort Wayne Works, MTD Indianapolis Works, MTD IH Maquinas, S.A. IHC of Philippines ^^E arc pleased to announce that refrigeration division, effective auditor. Fort Wayne Works, has R. L. GALL. Service—1926, invoice E. C. KNEECE has joined the August 1. become staff assistant to the auditor clerk. Fort Wayne Works; 1930, general line sales department, and It will be Mr. Anderson's respon of manufacturing. billing clerk; 1937, shop order clerk; will assist Frank Bonnes on tractor sibility to coordinate all inspection January 1942, factory ledger clerk; design development and sales. activities between service, vendors, R. D. EASTMAN, formerly assistant May 1942, assistant chief accounting Mr. Kneece began service with thc and manufacturing. works auditor. Fort Wayne Works, clerk; 1945, chief of invoice control; Harvester Company at Charlotte, has been promoted to works auditor and 1947, chief of budgets and North Carolina, in 1935. He was c. V. ANDERSON. Scrvicc—1928 at Fort Wayne Works. statistics. transferred to foreign operations in inspector, Farmall Works; June 1934 1938, and has been in South America motor mechanic, Springfield Works R. L. GALL, formerly chief of M. E. HAYHURST. SctvicC 1934, July 1934, inspector, Farmall Works until his return to thc domestic budgets and statistics at Fort Wayne, shipping clerk. Fort Wayne Works; organization at this time. Mr. 1939, assistant foreman, inspection 1937, cost accountant; and 1945, 1942, assistant chief inspector. Bet- has been appointed assistant works Kneece's past experience fits him auditor. Fort Wayne Works. chief of cost accounting, MTD, admirably for his new duties. (^An tendorf Works; 1944, chief inspector General Offices, Chicago. nounced July 23.) and 1946, Evansville Works. M. E. HAYHURST, who has been E. c. KNEECE. Sctvicc—1935, scrvicc chief of cost accounting in the motor truck division, has been promoted to FOREIGN OPERATIONS manager, Charlotte, North Carolina; MOTOR TRUCK DIVISION 1937, industrial sales; 1938, IH assistant works auditor, Indianapolis Works. Export Company representative, An announcement by J. L. CAMP, director general, India; 1940, industrial sales, Brazil; G. D. WADE, Latin-American operations, has re 1942, assistant to the branch man J. A. STRICKLAND. ScrvicC April Divisional Comptroller, MTD leased the following announcement ager, Sao Paulo, Brazil; 1943, assist 1939, timekeeper, Indianapolis Works; covering a change in the Latin- ant branch manager; and 1947, branch THE motor truck division has July 1939, clerk, cost department; American organization: manager, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. made important changes in account 1943, chief cost clerk; 1945, assist ing practices by reason of the intro ant works auditor. Fort Wayne An announcement by Works; and 1946, works auditor. duction of a cost control and analyti H. A. DAVIES, REFRIGERATION cal budget program. In order to General Manager, IH Maquinas, S.A. DIVISION properly administrate this expanded R. D. EASTMAN. SctvicC 1917, COSt program and to assure its successful clerk, Springfield Works; 1918, freight WE take pleasure in announcing the An announcement by execution, we have made the follow billing clerk; 1919, timekeeper; 1921, appointment of C. H. MEYER to J. E. LAYTON, ing changes in the motor truck parts shipping clerk; 1923, cost the position of assistant general clerk; 1928, assistant chief cost clerk; Manager of Manufacturing, RD manufacturing accounting organiza auditor for Brazil, effective April 20, tion, effective July 1. 1936, chief cost clerk; and 1946, 1948. C. V. ANDERSON has been ap assistant works auditor. Fort Wayne Mr. Meyer has had a broad back pointed supervisor of inspection. J. A. STRICKLAND, formerly works Works. ground of experience in the account- operator; 1942-45, military service; ACCOUNTING accounting department of General November 1945, combination block- Offices, Chicago. man; January 1947, blockman, g.l.; G. F. WOLF, formerly accountant, Service—1929, office, Columbus, and November 1947, sales promotion Richmond, Virginia, branch, has Ohio; 1933, Toledo, Ohio; 1939, man. accountant; and 1947, assistant office been appointed assistant office man manager, Cleveland, Ohio. ager, Minneapolis, Minnesota, motor W. F. HALL, formerly sales promo truck branch, effective July 16, tion man, St. Paul, Minnesota, replacing H. R. Lovett, who has been general line branch, has been ap assigned to another managerial pointed assistant branch manager, position. Aberdeen, South Dakota, effective Service—1935, assistant to traveling July 15. auditor. General Offices, Chicago; Service—1939, serviceman, ware March 1937, clerk, Sweetwater, house, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Texas; July 1937, cashier; November 1942-46, military service; August 1937, accounting clerk, sales and Retirements 1946, salesman, Minneapolis g.l.; collections. General Offices; 1940, December 1946, blockman; and 1947, accountant, Charlotte, North Caro sales promotion man. lina, g.l.; February 1941, Richmond, Virginia; April 1941, clerk, office; LUIS ROMERO SALAS M. A. KINDLIN, formerly sales 1943-45, military service; and 1946, Manager, Bacolod Branch, promotion man. Green Bay, Wis accountant, Richmond. IHC of Philippines consin, has been appointed assistant manager at that branch, efl^ective C. W. CRAPO, formerly an account R*portt and announcmnfntt of rmlir*' July 19. ant at the Dubuque, Iowa, general line Service—1929, collector, Madison, m»ntSf and pictures^ appmar in alpha' branch, has been appointed assistant b^Hcal ordmr of lent nam»t. Wisconsin; 1933, Green Bay, Wis office manager. Fort Wayne, Indiana, consin; 1940, Grand Rapids, Michigan; general line and motor truck branches, 1942, combination blockman; 1945, effective July 22. ing field which qualifies him par sales promotion man; and 1947, Service — 1934-44, clerical and ticularly well for his present position. Green Bay. various other office duties, Peoria and Kankakee, Illinois, and Davenport, c. H. MEYER. Service—1934, clerk, L.J. COOK, formerly sales promotion Iowa, branches; and 1944, accountant, repairs, McCormick Works; 1937, man, Memphis, Tennessee, general Dubuque, Iowa, g.l. billing clerk, foreign operations ac line branch, has been appointed counting. General Offices, Chicago; assistant branch manager, Louisville, C. E. HINTZ, formerly assistant 1939, machine operator; 1941, ac Kentucky, general line, effective office manager, Omaha, Nebraska, countant; 1943, senior clerk; and July 19. general line and motor truck branches, 1946, supervisory clerk. Service—1937, clerk, repairs depart has been appointed office manager. ment, Memphis, Tennessee, g.l.; Grand Forks, North Dakota, branch, 1939, repairs helper; 1940, assistant to effective July 26. Announcements by sales promotion man; 1941, salesman; Service—1929, clerk, oflSce, Fargo, N. H. DUCKWORTH, January 1942, parts helper; December North Dakota; 1937, accountant; 1942, parts foreman; 1944, com Vice President and General Manager, 1942-45, military service; 1945, ac bination blockman; 1945, blockman, countant, Fargo; and 1947, assistant IHC of Philippines g.l.; and 1947, sales promotion man. office manager, Omaha, Nebraska, ROY W. BEESON KVE are pleased to announce the g.l. and m.t. appointment of EMILIANO BAU- RUSSELL H. DECKER, formerly •nSTA to the position of manager of sales promotion man, Springfield, H. R. LOVETT, formerly assistant ROY W. BEESON, parts helper, our Davao branch, effective June 1. Illinois, has been appointed assistant office manager, Minneapolis, Minne Wichita, Kansas, general line branch, Mr. Bautista has had a long and branch manager, Peoria, Illinois, sota, motor truck branch, has been retired on pension, effective July 1, successful career with our organiza effective July 21. appointed office manager. Minor, after more than 27 years of service. tion, and we are sure that he will Service — 1940, serviceman, Des North Dakota, effective July 27. Service—1919, helper, warehouse, continue to receive your cooperation Moines, Iowa, g.l.; February 1942, Service—1938, office, Mankato, Hutchinson, Kansas; 1932, watch in his new duties. parts helper; July 1942, serviceman; Minnesota; 1942-45, military service; man; 1933, parts helper; and 1943, 1945, combination blockman, Terre 1945, office, Mankato, and later, Wichita, Kansas. Haute, Indiana; and 1946, sales accountant, Eau Claire, Wisconsin; promotion man, Springfield, Illinois. WE are pleased to announce the 1946, Minneapolis, Minnesota, m.t.; appointment of LUIS ROMERO and 1947, assistant office manager. SALAS to the position of manager W. W. FRENCH, formerly sales of our Bacolod branch. promotion supervisor, Charlotte, A. A. BALFOUR, formerly an ac Mr. Salas' past experience well North Carolina, general line branch, countant at the Billings, Montana, has been appointed assistant manager branch, has been appointed office qualifies him for this important at that branch, effective July 26. position, and we ask your continued manager at that branch, effective cooperation with him in his new Service — 1937, repairs helper, August 1. assignment. Louisville, Kentucky; 1937, clerk; Service—1936, clerk, office. Minor, 1944, combination blockman; 1945, North Dakota; 1939, assistant to blockman, g.l.; 1947, sales promotion traveling auditor. General Offices, man; and April 1948, sales promotion Chicago; 1941, accountingdepartmenr, supervisor. 1942-46, military service; 1946, clerk and later, accounting, Billings, Mon J. E. CRANSTON, formeriy assist tana*. ant product specialist, general line Branch Changes sales department. General Offices, E. W. TELLER, formerly an account Chicago, has been appointed assistant ant at the Omaha, Nebraska, general branch manager, Houston, Texas, line and motor truck branches, has CHARLES H. CRAMER general line, effective August 9. been appointed assistant office man Service—1936, repairs helper, Min ager, Omaha, effective August 1. neapolis g.l.; January 1937, machine Service—1929, clerk, office. Council CHARLES H. CRAMER, consumer operator; December 1937, stock clerk; Bluffs, Iowa; 1940, Omaha, Nebraska; relations department. General Offices, 1940, blockman; 1942-46, military and 1944, accountant. Chicago, retired on pension, effective UNITED STATES SALES service; January 1946, special sales, August 2, after more than 38 years of Minneapolis, g.l.; April 1946, sales E. C. DUSTIN, formerly assistant service. J. F. BURK, formerly sales promotion promotion; July 1946, dairy equip office manager, Cleveland, Ohio, Service—1910, foreign operations, man. Fort Dodge, Iowa, branch, has ment traveler on northwest region, motor truck branch, has been ap General Offices, Chicago; 1911, sales been appointed assistant manager at general line sales department. Gen pointed office manager, Parkersburg, department; 1925, editor, advertising that location, efl^ective July 15- eral Offices, Chicago; and 1947, assist West Virginia, branch, effective department (subsequently designated Service—1936, repairs helper. Fort ant product specialist on dairy September 1, succeeding J. L. Daws, consumer relations department, in Dodge, Iowa, g.l.; 1937, machine equipment. who has been transferred to the 1943). A. O. GELLNER, manager of the Bucharest, Romania, branch, retired on pension, effective July 1, after more than 38 years of service starting in 1910 at Budapest, Hungary, where he joined the Company's European organization as a traveler for the sales department. M. H. GRIFFIN, branch manager, Salina, Kansas, retired last May, after 33 years of Company service. Service — 1915-27, salesman and blockman, alfternately and for vary ing periods, Des Moines, Iowa; 1927, assistant branch manager, St. Joseph, Missouri; 1929, Kansas City, Missou ri; 1931, Salina, Kansas; 1932, branch M. H. GRIFFIN G. H. HEPE JOHN MONCRIEFF manager; 1939, Hutchinson, Kansas; 1942, St. Joseph; and 1944, Salina. G. H. HEPE, of General Offices, Melbourne, International Harvester Company of Australia, has retired on pension, effective August 1, after more • than 43 years of service. Service—1905, service department, Melbourne, Australia; 1909, assistant foreman, parts department; 1910, fore man; 1922, salesman; 1923, block- man; 1933, salesman; 1934, purchas ing department, Melbourne General Offices; 1942, loaned to the Govern ment, war - connected assignment. Allied Works Council; and 1945, returned to IH, clerk, Melbourne General Offices. CHARLES W. OXLEY C. R. RUSSELL MAURICE J. SWAN JOHN MONCRIEFF, of the Mel bourne branch, International Har vester Company of Australia, retired managerof consumer relations depart on pension, effective September 1, ment, in addition to his duties as after more than 37 years of service. supervisor of purchasing. Service—1911, assembler, ware house, Melbourne, IHC of Australia; WILLIAM THOMAS, of the General 1921, salesman; 1923, assembler, Offices, Melbourne, International Har warehouse; 1925, foreman, ware vester Company of Australia, retired house; and 1942, assembly foreman, on pension, effective September 1, after warehouse. more than 43 years of service. CHARLES W. OXLEY, parts helper, Service—1905, clerk, sales depart Calgary, Alberta, International Har ment, Adelaide, Australia; 1909, vester Company of Canada, retired on assistant accountant; 1912, Perth; pension, effective August 1, after 21 1916, accountant; 1918, Adelaide; years of service. 1921, salesman; 1923, assistant to Service — 1926-42, salesman and the branch manager; 1926, assistant collector, alternately and for varying branch manager; 1932, branch man periods, Calgary, Alberta, IHC of ager; and 1937, sales promotion. Canada; March 1942, watchman; WILLIAM THOMAS PALMER O. WOLLUM General Offices, Melbourne. September 1942, farm equipment PALMER O. WOLLUM, blockman, parts and watchman; and 1944, parts Oklahoma; September 1918, retail on pension, effective July 1, alter al Portland, Oregon, general line branch, helper. m.t. salesman, Wichita; February most 48 years of service. retired on pension effective July 1, C. R. RUSSELL, branch manager. 1923, assistant branch manager; Service—1901, office boy, advertis after more than 36 years of service. Grand Island, Nebraska, retired on Lincoln, Nebraska; December 1923, ing department; 1902, treasury de Service—1912, clerk, accounting pension, effective August 15, after Topeka, Kansas; 1929, Salina, Kansas; partment; 1903-48, space buyer, ad department, Eau Claire, Wisconsin; more than 40 years of service. and 1931, branch manager. Grand vertising department (subsequently December 1916, General Offices, Service—1908, office, Memphis, Island, Nebraska. designated consumer relations depart Chicago; later, December 1916, Eau Tennessee; May 1911, general sales ment, in 1943). For two periods— Claire; March 1919, salesman; De man, Wichita, Kansas; December MAURICE J, SWAN, supervisor of during the World War II emergency cember 1919, blockman; 1923, sales 1911, advertising man; 1916, block- purchasing, consumer relations depart and from March 1947 until his retire man; 1924, blockman; and 1927, man; February 1918, Oklahoma City, ment. General Offices, Chicago, retired ment — Mr. Swan served as office Portland, Oregon, g.l. . '*. PUBLISHED BY ' INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER ORGANIZATION 180 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE CHICAGO 1, ILLINOIS Land clearing, fertilixing, and special grass planting, major factors in development of state's cattle industry T»xl and field operation pholoi by E. A. HUNGER XORDING TO A REPORT compiled by the which can quickly bring a pasture's grazing value down almost Florida State Chamber of Commerce "the to nil. In the vicinity of Arcadia, in southwestern Florida, _ U. S. Department of Agriculture annual inven- are huge acreages which are infested with dense growths of ^^HKfl |H| tory of livestock, January 1, 1948, reported a palmetto, but when properly cleared and tilled and fertilized i^HB^H total of 1,263,000 cattle of all kinds in Florida, make good pasture land. .^^fc^"^ anjj ranked the state 24th in number of all Parker Brothers, with holdings of some 100,000 acres, are cattle. Of the total, 1,010,000 are beef cattle. tackling this problem. Use is made of a big 37-degree triangular Florida ranks first in the Southeast, third in the South, second plate of special ^-inch steel, 6 feet 8 inches at the base, which east of the Mississippi, and fifteenth in the nation in number of is suspended from a subsoil standard. This heavy-duty standard beef cattle. Farm value of all Florida cattle was reported as is made at International Harvester's Stockton Works, Stockton, $74,256,000, an increase of 8 percent during the year (i9^7). California. It is a good example of how engineers can take a It is significant that Florida maintained her cattle production piece of equipment developed for a particular use in one section while there was a nation-wide drop of 3 percent." of the country (the West Coast) and readapt it for a special Development of new and improved pasture land by tractor use in another part of the country. The triangular plate is set power, then fertilizing and planting the land to special perennial to work 3j^ to 43^ inches beneath the surface. It goes under grasses that provide long grazing seasons, have been major the palmetto roots and lifts them above thc ground, where factors in the growth of Florida's beef cattle industry. they are allowed to dry. Later they are cut up by a heavy- Following, in outline, are the programs and methods of three duty disk harrow. A final tilling is then given the land with outstanding Florida cattle enterprises for increasing and an offset disk harrow. improving pasture lands: E. J. Meyer, ranch superintendent for Parker Brothers, says the 1,000 acres being developed will be cross-fenced in four Parker Brothers, Inc., Arcadia: Probably one of the worst pests sections to provide rotation of pasturage in each in periods of infesting Florida pastures is the palmetto, the growth of 21 days. Fertilizer consists of a ton of dolomite (superphos- THE TRIANGULAR PLATE, Suspended from a heavy-duty subsoil standard, goes under the palmetto roots and lifts them above the ground, where they dry. Later they are cut up by a heavy-duty disk harrow. This work is a part of the land 1?-. MORE AND BETTER P A S T U R E S . . . I N FLORIDA TRACTOR AND BULLDOZER, On the 10,0CX)-acre tract of Cecil E. Whaley, knocks down trees and pushes stumps and trash into piles for burning. phate) to the acre, with some copper, manganese, and zinc His father purchased their first purebred bulls back in 1917. compounds added. Several types of grass are planted—coastal Bermuda, Bahia, Kentucky fescue No. 31, Pangola, and mixed Cushman S. Radebaugh, Orlando: Mr. Radebaugh uses a large clovers. Cattle are chiefly Brahma crosses. The cost of crawler tractor to root out stumps and knock down trees, all improving the land is around $25 per acre. of which are pushed in piles and burned. He next plows the land with a big six-bottom disk plow. He then enriches Cecil E. Whaley, St. Cloud: Mr. Whaley uses his crawler tractor the soil with one ton of phosphate rock to the acre, to which with bulldozer to improve pasture land on his 10,000-acre is added 500 pounds of mixed mineral fertilizers. He plants tract, much of which is open cut-over land in which ordinary Pangola, Panicum repens, and coastal Bermuda grasses on this carpet grass serves as the main pasture feed. After thorough prepared land. Mr. Radebaugh hopes soon to have all the disking of his cleared land, Mr. Whaley applies 1,000 pounds of 3,000 acres he owns in improved pasture. dolomite to the acre and plants it in Pangola grass. He now Mr. Radebaugh is a breeder of purebred and graded Brahma has 1,500 acres in improved pasture. His plans are to improve stock. He owns 3,000 acres, 1,100 acres of which are improved. 500 acres a year. He also leases 52,000 acres of ordinary cut-over pasture land. Mr. Whaley has a herd of 2,500 head, 250 of which are pure He has operated in the vicinity of Orlando for 23 years. In bred Brahmas and the remainder ^ to J^ Brahmas. Mr. Whaley 1938 he began breeding up his stock with Brahmas, and now is established on the same place his father purchased years ago. nothing in his herd of 1,100 head is less than ^ Brahma. AFTER TREES are knocked down and stumps rooted out on the 3,000 acres of Cushman S. Radebaugh, the land is disk-plowed. Then fertilizers ate applied, after which selected grasses are planted. ^^vAW I i^ jti J*"*. A**' Jk. JL. - i^^' ^••r-.^p-Sv^'TP^ m~%' T' J- ,^^ ^ " »rr. . •:,• '"* .. fjH IL • '• ' -- • • '• jai^B^i^ •-^^^^^^^^•'^ •"t^^-^^^aiJ^^^^ • 1 '- "^ liiii. "••**" i - w^<.. -^ IBS^^Tn^^^^^^^^H^^^p^^H v.-^itah ^WiW!; ,, ^^TT^. """^re ••wBI^^^^P^^' iHiiiiii^ ''^^^5 l^«*^ are providing broader l scientific, and civic activities I HE SCENE is the waiting room of a railroad station in a large southern city. The time is 10 a.m.— something of a zero hour at any passenger depot. The trains of early morn ing have stopped coming in or going out, and the crowds have seeped away. There is not much left but space and quiet. It is a period of let-down—an oppor tunity for the station management and staff to take on something a bit special. And that, it soon becomes apparent, is exactly what has been arranged for this particular midmorning. For, through the front entrance, headed by their teachers and monitors, an expectant, garrulous group of school children troops in. There are about 50 of them and, judging by size, they come from the third or fourth grade. Greeted by the stationmaster, the pupils are led first to the train shed con course. Here the host, halting the group A CLASS OF school pupils entcts the Museum of Science and Industry, Chicago. at various key spots, explains what takes place in the course of a day's schedule of incoming and outgoing trains. Thus has begun for the youngsters a con ducted tour of the entire station. From the concourse the children are guided to the baggage room, telegraph office, ticket offices, taxi stands, res taurant, newsstands. Travelers Aid, menai^ public telephones, and so on. At most of these points attendants make brief talks on the functions and operating procedure of their departments. stcs industrpi on During the current school year such a scene is likely to be enacted in many another railroad station throughout the country. And similar tours for school children will be conducted, in towns and cities, at such other places as newspaper 15 .!.^." iVW-H -iilW TWE^T" pysf- YOUNG AMERICA SEES INDUSTRY ON THE JOB plants, postoffices, city halls, courts, with the invention and development of tional value beyond reckoning. municipal waterworks, charitable insti machinery some 200 years ago. As an Exhibit-wise, the museum is divided tutions, museums, libraries, and at banks, aid in their study their teacher, Katharine into departments covering the fields of manufacturing plants, and other types Arnold, wished the children to see how agriculture, textiles and forestry, chem of business enterprise. a modern factory operates, so they might istry, construction engineering, fuels and The conducted visits to places of grasp in some degree the contrast with metals, graphic arts, medical sciences, principal interest in the community have the early methods and working condi physics, power, and transportation. become a rapidly growing part of courses tions of which they had read. There are also several theaters and lecture of study for school children of all As the Starr school and Richmond rooms, a library, and workshops. grades—elementary, secondary, and high Works have been virtually next door Among the more spectacular exhibits er. Longer journeys to places outside neighbors for years, an added interest are a full-sized operating coal mine; a the community also are undertaken in for the children was the fact that many foundry with electric furnaces and all growing numbers as the educational of them saw relatives and friends work equipment for casting iron and steel; a full- value of first-hand observation of civic ing in the departments they visited. scale replica of a midwestern farm, which and industrial activities is increasingly Back in the classroom again. Miss is an exhibit known as "HarvesterFarm," recognized. Such trips develop the child's Arnold started a discussion. Every child sponsored by Internartional Harvester mind much faster than if his studies are had learned something of definite value, Company; and a miniature railroad which confined to the classroom. and all had acquired some vivid impres reproduces an entire railroad system. sions of a farm equipment factory. During the last 10 years, industry Probably the trend toward visual has become a full-time partner in the A TYPICAL industrial plant tour was education outside the classroom and museum. Last year industry invested made recently by the sixth-grade pupils textbooks is most pointedly exemplified two million dollars in new exhibits. of the Starr school, Richmond, Indiana, by the thousands of school pupils who This year from two to three million is at the Richmond Works of International visit the vast Museum of Science and represented in new exhibit planning. Harvester, where corn planters, cotton Industry, in Chicago. Here, by virtually In 1947 the total attendance at the planters, cream separators, lime sowers, every device that financial resources and museum was 1,366,599. Approximately and seeding machines are produced. inventive minds can produce, the stories one-third of these visitors were under As a part of their course in social of the sciences and the major industries 21 years of age, largely accounted for by studies, the class had begun a study of are presented and demonstrated so vividly 826 grade school groups, 482 high the Industrial Revolution that began and dramatically as to place their educa school groups, and 75 college groups. HioH SCHOOL oiRLa sec the chicken brooder and pen at "Harvester Farm," International Harvester's exhibit at the Museum of Science and Industry. The exhibit is a full-scale replica of a midwestern farm. -6 1 1% wkf j ;^J:iji f ^w^ iV * ' •/• '••*• German inventor's product entered commercial use in 1898; • ••'•.' •• • • f '• ••-'•' horsepower production in U. S. now five times that of 1939 By G. F. ZIMMERM ANN I HE EXPLOSION came principle of compression-ignition per and Munich. And he left Munich's with a sudden, blinding fected, is a power standout every where Polytechnic Institute with the highest flash. Dr. Rudolph Die in industry and transportation. final examination scores in that school's sel had just injected a Rudolph Diesel's life surely had thc history. single jet of benzine into stuff for a movie script. It was a story Upon graduation from Munich, he the auxiliary fuel pump that began in Paris—and one that ended entered the refrigeration field. When he of his first test engine. in the swirling waters of the English was 23 years old, he gained his first And after the smoke had cleared, he and channel. Diesel's death in 1913 is even patent for a process in making crystal- his fellow engineers looked up at the now a mystery. He disappeared from a clear ice. But while at school, the study ceiling. Thc terrific force of combustion boat en route to England on a business of combustion and heat engines had had shot the engine's cylinder head trip. Just how, or why, is not known. fascinated him. He really had one great straight into the rafters. They had drive in his life: to perfect and build an proved a principle of combustion. And engine of greater thermal efficiency than they had been lucky to escape with their THEODORE DIESEL, Rudolph's father, the world had thus far known. lives. was a German leather goods merchant of He spent long hours developing his That blast at Augsburg, Germany, set limited means who had his business in theory of a "rational heat engine." In off Diesel's final race to perfect his prin Paris. Rudolph Diesel was born in 1858. 1893 he was granted a patent for the ciple of the world's most efficient heat (Thomas Edison and Alexander Graham "Working Principle and Design for an engine. Bell were then 11 years old.) As a Internal Combustion Engine." Thc first commercial iises of the new youngster, Rudolph's sharp mind con Diesel's first idea, apparently, was to compression-ignition Diesel engine began stantly asserted itself, and he won many use coal or coal dust as a fuel. He was in 1898. Today, in 1948, this great scholarship prizes. His family could out to build a low-fuel-cost engine and, industry is marking a half-century of not afford school expenses, so he at that time, coal was inexpensive in progress. Today, the Diesel engine, its was a "sponsored" pupil at Augsburg Germany. But he finally used liquid DIBSBL'S FIKST experimental engine. It almost cost the inventor his life. OK. RUL»OLPH DIESEL From him came an idea that founded an industry. 10 A HALF-CENTURY OF THE DIESEL ENGINE petroleum fuels. His real aim was the most efficient type of heat engine, regard less of fuel. Once the engine was perfected in 1897, a violent, almost THE KEMPTEN ENGINE, first Commer THE FIRST commercially applied Diesel endless argument about the originality cially applied Diesel in the world. in the United States—built in 1898. of Diesel's theories began. He heard such controversies for the rest of his life. Diesel had to seek out backers for thc building of the first test engine, and he had to convince them of the worth of his ideas. Ultimately, in 1893, Baron Krupp of Essen and the Machinerfabrik of Augsburg, a manufacturing concern, en tered into an agreement with Diesel to finance his experiments. His first engine was a single-cylinder one, with a piston diameter of about 6 inches and a stroke of 16 inches. It was this first engine that exploded and almost cost the German inventor his life. After the 1893 setback, two more engines were built. With them came more disappointments. At one time, Diesel even thought of reverting to the magneto ignition system. In 1897 the third of the experimental engines was tested. It ran for 17 days without a mishap. Diesel's theories on thermal efficiency had been proved— and, in one year, commercial use of Diesel engines began. IN THE MANUFACTURING sense, the Diesel engine was introduced to the United States by Adolphus Busch, of the Annheuser-Busch brewing enterprise. He was a friend of Baron Krupp's, and had long known of Diesel and his engine. Busch founded the American Diesel Engine company in 1898. The growth and improvement of the engine was rapid in the United States. Refining of fuel injection systems, the ONE OF THE NEW International UD-24 Diesel power units on a pumping job in Arizona, development of the lightweight, high- The UD-24 has six cylinders and develops 180 h.p. at 1,375 r.p.m. The engine is basically Speed Diesel, the Standardization of fuels the same as in the International TD-24 Diesel crawler tractor. —all these pertinent improvements were 20 HT "twcw\ "i^**:, - - "J IP I Comparison OF GASOLINE AND DIESEL ENGINE CYCLES Difference GASOLINE (FOUR-CYCII INOINIS) DIESEL BETWEEN DIESEL AND CARBURETED INTAKE STROKE FO UR-C YCLE ENGINES On downw.ud stroke of piston, intake On downward stroke of piston, intate' ^" valve opens and atmospheric pressure valve opens and atmospheric pressure ^^ THE FOUR-CYCLE DIESEL engine is similar forces air through the carburetor forces pure air into the cylinder-spaceSB to the carburetor type engine except for where it picks up :i mcr"'^-! • .....Ui,.- VI,-If'-'' K. rii.' pitfon rhi'f,. K.'int'Tt?» p largely brought about in this country. by means of a change-over system which International Harvester began its own converts it, momentarily, into a gasoline Diesel engine research in 1916, and a engine. Then, by tripping a latch-lever single-cylinder engine of 10-brake horse after starting, the International is a full- power was developed by 1919. Not Diesel, warmed up and ready to start. until 1933, however, did the Company This means that the International is as enter the market. In that year the easy to start as a gasoline engine of PD-40, a four-cylinder engine, was placed comparable size. in production. In 1936 the Company's Today, Diesel engines power about first six-cylinder engine, the PD-80, was everything from a small irrigation pump INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER put into production. Many of these to a huge generator set or ocean liner. sturdy "old-timers" are still giving cus In the United States the Diesel engine WORLD IS PUBLISHED BY INTERNATIONAL tomers proved performance. and allied industries employ almost HARVESTER ORGANIZATION . 180 NORTH 250,000 persons. The estimated horse Diesel engines, because of their high MICHIGAN AVENUE . CHICAGO 1, ILLINOIS compression, are not easy to start, par power production for the entire industry ticularly in cold weather. The Inter will be near 12j^ million for 1948. This RALPH McQUINN, EDITOR . EVELYN national Diesel overcomes this difficulty is almost five times the 1939 output. MOULTON. ASSISTANT TO THE EDITOR 21 President Gallegos of IN JULY 5TH of this year America took place on the open fields of a ceremony was held in Lexington in North America, the objec Venezuela and the town of Bolivar, tive of General Bolivar was achieved Missouri, that was truly when, with the battle of Ayacucho in one of honor and com South America on December 9, 1824, he President Truman officiate memoration to the cause and his men won a. 14-year struggle for of independence as exem the freedom of those countries from at unveiling of statue of plified in thc Western Hemisphere. On Spain. Today, General Bolivar ranks that day, the presidents of two American with George Washington among the Simon Bolivar nations, the residents of thc town, and great figures in the history of the upwards of 60,000 visitors gathered at Americas. It was General Bolivar who the unveiling and dedication of a bronze called the first Pan-American Congress at Bolivar, Missouri statue of the great South American in 1826, and half a century later the Liberator, General Simon Bolivar. Pan-American Union was formed. The nations of Bolivia, Colombia, In 1941 a campaign, under thc direc By JOHN BR ANTA Ecuador, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela tion of Dr. John M. Crane, was begun owe their status today as free countries to memorialize General Bolivar by organ to the ideals and efforts of General izing a foundation to make his place Bolivar. Approximately 50 years after in history secure. the first attempt for the independence of July 5, 1948, the day of the unveiling. 22 tl THE STRIKING STATUE of Simou Bolivat, with the bronze figure standing over 7 feet high on a black marble base 11 feet high, is unveiled by President Gallegos of Venezuela (right comer of grandstand). President Truman stands third from left on the grandstand. AT THB BOLIVAR MEMORIAL committce s temporary headquarters in Bolivar, Barney Kilpatrick (Jeft^t International Harvester dealer in Bolivar who served as advertising manager and program chairman for the statue dedication, is seen here with Robert E< Fowler, national chairman. The desk is adorned with the flags of the Pan-American nations. ONE OF THE FEATURES of the Bolivat dedication program was a basket dinner, held on the campus of the Southwest Baptist College. After the meal this group gathered for a • PRESJNTtD BY few minutes. Left to right: Forrest C. Donnell, U. S. ?. KOI.IVAR.. MISSODRI IVVf 5TH. IQ-SS .- DEDICATORY PLACjuE of the Bolivat statue. was the 137th anniversary of the estab of 10 in the United States to be so and our neighbor nations to the south. lishment of Venezuelan independence. named. It was founded and named in Representatives of the Harvester Com This year the United States officially General Bolivar's honor 113 years ago. pany's export distributor operations in celebrated the 172nd anniversary of the Among the persons working with Latin America also participated in the American Declaration of Independence Robert E. Fowler, the national chairman event. Among members of the party on that same day. of the committee on arrangements for accompanying Presidents Truman and The statue was presented by the Hon. the Bolivar memorial dedication, was Gallegos from Washington to Bolivar Romulos Gallegos, President of Venez Barney Kilpatrick, owner and manager were His Excellency Senor Augusto uela, on behalf of his government and of the International Harvester farm Dillon, ambassador from Ecuador to the his people, and was accepted and dedi equipment and motor truck dealership United States and head of the firm in cated by the Hon. Harry S. Truman, at Bolivar—the Kilpatrick Supply Com Guayaquil that is the distributor of IH President of the United States. pany. On the western division of the products for four Ecuadorian provinces, The statue bears the inscription: "The committee, Mr. Kilpatrick served as and Senora Dillon. government and the people of Venezuela, advertising manager and program chair Executive director of the Simon to the noble city which renders through man for the statue dedication. Long a Bolivar Memorial Foundation and am its name a perpetual homage to the leader in the affairs of his community, bassador of Ecuador to the Pan-American memory of the Liberator, Simon Bolivar." his efforts on this assignment con Union is thc Hon. Colon Eloy Alfaro, The Missouri town which bears the tributed much to the success of a pro whose three sons form Compania Alfaro, name of the Liberator was chosen for the gram that was dedicated to the advance S.A., the International Harvester statue's location because it is the largest ment of friendly relations between us distributor in the Republic of Panama. 23 INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER WORLD 180 N. Michigan Ave. Chicago 1, III. 'Q«JtCH-, II 1 1 1 M y.xmti ft,(iHi. K,, ui ^vnt «r jMC^ \ 'il9l ^•P»" -"* '^..^Sl^m^BSSmsB^^^BsBtttKKtKKIIt r»»w -JS»* \to' .d^**' o« Ro» oe in*'*** \\na on ^ue ISTERDAY AND TODAY worked together in thc wings at thc Chicago Railroad Fair. One of Baltimore & Ohio's first locomotives, a crack engine of 1832, gets a load of coal from a modern crane, mounted on an International KB-11 truck and powered by an International U-9 engine. The mobile unit could be maneuvered to coal-up any of the locomotives anywhere, and it "kept 'cm rolling" for the Fair pageant. Prini»d In United St«te» ol Amerloa—Harvester mm