Part 3 Design Rationale and Software Architecting
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Barry Boehm Software Engineering Paper
1226 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTERS, VOL. C-25, NO. 12, DECEMBER 1976 Software Engineering BARRY W. BOEHM Abstract-This paper provides a definition of the term "software but also the associated documentation required to-develop, engineering" and a survey of the current state of the art and likely operate, and maintain the programs. By defining software future trends in the field. The survey covers the technology avail- able in the various phases of the software life cycle-requirements in this broader sense, we wish to emphasize the necessity engineering, design, coding, test, and maintenance-and in the of considering the generation oftimely documentation as overall area of software management and integrated technology- an integral portion of the software development process. management approaches. It is oriented primarily toward discussing We can then combine this with a definition of "engineer- the domain of applicability of techniques (where and when they ing" to produce the following definition. work), rather than how they work in detail. To cover the latter, an extensive set of 104 references is provided. Software Engineering: The practical application of scientific knowledge in the design and construction of Index Terms-Computer software, data systems, information computer programs and the associated documentation systems, research and development, software development, soft- required to develop, operate, and maintain them. ware engineering, software management. Three main points should be made about this definition. The first concerns the necessity of considering a broad I. INTRODUCTION enough interpretation of the word "design" to cover the r HE annual cost of software in the U.S. is extremely important activity of software requirements approximately 20 billion dollars. -
Ergonomics, Design Universal and Fashion
Work 41 (2012) 4733-4738 4733 DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0761-4733 IOS Press Ergonomics, design universal and fashion Martins, S. B. Dr.ª and Martins, L. B.Dr.b a State University of Londrina, Department of Design, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid Km. 380 Campus Universitário,86051-970, Londrina, PR, Brazil. [email protected] b Federal University of Pernambuco, Department of Design, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901, Recife- PE, Brazil. [email protected] Abstract. People who lie beyond the "standard" model of users often come up against barriers when using fashion products, especially clothing, the design of which ought to give special attention to comfort, security and well-being. The principles of universal design seek to extend the design process for products manufactured in bulk so as to include people who, because of their personal characteristics or physical conditions, are at an extreme end of some dimension of performance, whether this is to do with sight, hearing, reach or manipulation. Ergonomics, a discipline anchored on scientific data, regards human beings as the central focus of its operations and, consequently, offers various forms of support to applying universal design in product development. In this context, this paper sets out a reflection on applying the seven principles of universal design to fashion products and clothing with a view to targeting such principles as recommendations that will guide the early stages of developing these products, and establish strategies for market expansion, thereby increasing the volume of production and reducing prices. Keywords: Ergonomics in fashion, universal design, people with disabilities 1. -
Generative Design Rationale: Beyond the Record and Replay Paradigm
Knowledge Systems Laboratory December 1991 Technical Report KSL 92-59 Updated February 1993 Generative Design Rationale: Beyond the Record and Replay Paradigm by Thomas R. Gruber Daniel M. Russell To appear in a forthcoming collection on design rationale edited by Thomas Moran and John Carroll, to be published by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS LABORATORY Computer Science Department Stanford University Stanford, California 94305 Generative Design Rationale: Beyond the Record and Replay Paradigm Thomas R. Gruber Daniel M. Russell Knowledge Systems Laboratory Systems Sciences Laboratory Stanford University Xerox Palo Alto Research Center 701 Welch Road, Building C 3333 Coyote Hill Road Palo Alto, CA 94304 Palo Alto, CA 94304 [email protected] [email protected] Updated February 1993 Abstract. Research in design rationale support must confront the fundamental questions of what kinds of design rationale information should be captured, and how rationales can be used to support engineering practice. This paper examines the kinds of information used in design rationale explanations, relating them to the kinds of computational services that can be provided. Implications for the design of software tools for design rationale support are given. The analysis predicts that the “record and replay” paradigm of structured note-taking tools (electronic notebooks, deliberation notes, decision histories) may be inadequate to the task. Instead, we argue for a generative approach in which design rationale explanations are constructed, in response to information requests, from background knowledge and information captured during design. Support services based on the generative paradigm, such as design dependency management and rationale by demonstration, will require more formal integration between the rationale knowledge capture tools and existing engineering software. -
Fashion Institute of Technology
Toy Design BFA Degree Program School of Art and Design Applications accepted for fall only. NYSED: 89109 HEGIS 1099 The major in Toy Design prepares students for careers as children's product designers working with a variety of companies in the toy industry, from small specialty firms to major global corporations. Curriculum below is for the entering class of Fall 2017. Semester 5 Credits MAJOR AREA TY 326 - Toy Design I and Product Rendering 3 TY 327 - Drafting and Technical Drawing 3 TY 352 - The Toy Industry: Methods and Materials 3 RELATED AREA FA 301 - Anatomy for Toy Designers 1.5 LIBERAL ARTS SS 232 - Developmental Psychology 3 Semester 6 MAJOR AREA TY 313 - Soft Toy and Doll Design 3 TY 332 - Model Making and 3D Prototyping 3.5 TY 342 - Computer Graphics in Toy Design 2 RELATED AREA MK 301 - Marketing for the Toy Industry 3 LIBERAL ARTS HE 301 - Motor Learning: A Developmental Approach 3 HA 345 - History of Industrial Design choice - see Liberal Arts/Art History 3 Semester 7 MAJOR AREA A: TY 491 - Summer Internship: Toy Design** 4 B: TY 411 - Toy Design II and Product Update 2 TY 421 - Advanced Hard Toy: Design Engineering 5 TY 463 - Storybook Design and Licensed Product 3 TY 442 - Advanced Computer Graphics in Toy Design 2 LIBERAL ARTS MA 041 - Geometry and Probability Skills 1 MA 241 - Topics in Probability and Geometry 3 Semester 8 MAJOR AREA TY 414 - Games*** 1.5 TY 461 - Business Practices for the Toy Industry 2 TY 467 - Professional Portfolio 4.5 RELATED AREA PK 403 - Packaging for the Toy Designer 2 LIBERAL ARTS choice - see Liberal Arts/Art History* 3 choice - see Liberal Arts Electives 3 TOTAL CREDIT REQUIREMENTS MAJOR AREA 41.5 RELATED AREA 6.5 LIBERAL ARTS 19 Total Credits: 67 Fashion Institute of Technology 1 *Fall 2017 Requirements: See below Liberal Arts, Art History, and General Education: 19 credits • Art History Requirements: 6 credits. -
Daniela Pardo [email protected]
Daniela Pardo www.danipardo.com [email protected] Relevant Experience Sr. User Experience Designer • Golden Frog • April 2014 - December 2015 Responsible for the interaction design and user experience for VyprVPN Sr. User Experience Designer • Bypass Mobile • (personal VPN) and Cyphr (encrypted messaging app) across multiple December 2015 - Present platforms including iOS, Android, Web, Windows and Mac OS. Lead user research, ux strategy, information architecture, and interaction design for our enterprise mobile POS solutions. Bypass serves three Responsibilities: of the five largest food and beverage merchants in the world and has • Produce taxonomy, wireframes, mockups and user flows from high profile deployments in all North American sports leagues, collegiate business requirements. and corporate campuses, entertainment facilities, and quick service • Define information architecture, structures and patterns. restaurants. • Apply user experience research methodologies to early phases of the projects (e.g. open and closed card sorting, surveys, personas). Responsibilities: • Usability testing of new features (remote and in-person). • Plan, prioritize, coordinate, and conduct user requirements analysis, • Collaborate on web projects by defining information architecture, conceptual modeling, information architecture, and interactions. navigation and flows (e.g. company website, user control panel). • Define information architecture, structures and patterns to build • Participate in early product definition and understand end-user needs consistency across the products. to define user experience parameters and acceptance criteria. • Produce user requirements specifications, personas, flowcharts, prototypes, and design specifications. User Experience Designer • Moxie Software • March 2013 - March 2014 • Communicate research findings, conceptual ideas, detailed design, Designer responsible for the visual development, models of interaction and design rationale. and user experience for Collaboration Spaces by Moxie. -
Conceptual Design Concrete Design Design Rationale Prototyping
Design and Prototyping . Conceptual Design . Concrete Design . Design Rationale . Prototyping H. C. So Page 1 Semester B 2018-2019 Design and Prototyping Recall the simple HCI lifecycle model: Design: ideas Build an interactive version: prototypes to evaluate ideas H. C. So Page 2 Semester B 2018-2019 Conceptual Design About transforming requirements into a conceptual model It is fundamental but difficult to grasp the idea, e.g., conceptual models take many different forms A conceptual model is an outline of what people can do with a product (obtained from the current functional requirements) and what concepts are needed to understand and interact with it (related to who the user will be, what kind of interface will be used, etc.) Alternatives are needed Guiding principles of conceptual design: . Keep an open mind but never forget the users and context . Discuss ideas with other stakeholders as much as possible . Use prototyping to get rapid feedback . Iterate, iterate and iterate H. C. So Page 3 Semester B 2018-2019 Conceptual Design 3 perspectives to develop the conceptual model: 1. Which interaction type? . Type refers to how the user invokes actions when interacting with the system (may not be mutually exclusive) Instructing: user gives instructions to the system to perform his task such as typing in commands, selecting options from menus in windows environment, voice control commands, gesturing Conversing: user has a dialog with the system via speaking or typing in questions to which the system replies via speech or text output such -
Development Company Austin TX
Architectural Theory All photographs by J. Wunderlich unless noted otherwise J. Wunderlich PhD B.S. Architectural Engineering (U. Texas) Plus 2 years of Urban Design (U. California, San Diego) Agenda Architectural vocabulary Some personal designs Architectural Vocabulary Form Symbolism Scale Tastes Behavior Anthropomorphism Context Color Proportion Texture Balance Rhythm Form Recently in the U.S. and many developing countries we accept geometric shapes with sharp edges In the past, Euclidian (columns, domes) were more accepted Louis Sullivan, and later Frank Lloyd Wright and various Modern Architects would say, “Form follows function.” However Frank Lloyd Wright said: “ Form follows function - that has been misunderstood. Form and function should be one, joined in a spiritual union.” We will discuss later Frank Lloyd Wright’s inspirations from Japan, and the development of his “Organic Architecture” Scale Architecture may relate to the scale of humans If not, architecture may be ○ Monumental, impressive ○ Intimidating, frightening Columns on building can give illusion of scale Surroundings and adjacent buildings can scale-up or scale-down a building Behavior Bodies create space Activities ○ Ergonomics Group interactions Beliefs Movement through spaces Flow - interior to exterior ○ Bank of widows and French doors invite outside in Context Architecture can be an expression of a time Can relate to other buildings Can relate to land Be “Organic” ! Photograph by other Photograph by other Photograph by other Photograph -
Legal Review on Industrial Design Protection in Europe
Legal review on industrial design protection in Europe Under the contract with the Directorate General Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs (MARKT2014/083/D) Legal review on industrial design protection in Europe Final Report - 15 April 2016 EN This study was carried out for the European Commission by For further information on this report, please contact: Mr. Jos Dumortier time.lex - information & technology law 35 rue du Congrès B-1000 Brussels - Belgium M: +32 477 33 82 96 [email protected] www.timelex.eu Core Team: Prof Jos Dumortier time.lex Davide Parrilli time.lex Prof Uma Suthersanen Queen Mary Intellectual Property Research Institute, Queen Mary, London Honorary Prof David Musker Queen Mary Intellectual Property Research Institute, Queen Mary, London; Consultant, Jenkins Patricia Ypma Spark Legal Network Peter McNally Spark Legal Network Jasmine Simpson Spark Legal Network Dr Lena Boucon Spark Legal Network Jo Steyaert Indiville Wouter Samyn Indiville Country Experts: Prof Clemens Appl Austria Vienna University of Economics and Business Susie P. Arnesen Denmark Løje, Arnesen & Meedom Prof Mario Franzosi Italy Avvocati Associati Franzosi Dal Negro Setti Prof Ignacio Garrote Spain Autonomous University of Madrid Prof Christophe Geiger, France CEIPI, University of Strasbourg Natalia Kapyrina Prof Pavel Koukal Czech Republic Masaryk University Dr Ewa Laskowska Poland Jagiellonian University Prof Marianne Levin Sweden Stockholm University Dr Vytautas Mizaras Lithuania Valiunas Ellex Mark Pohar Slovenia - Dr Ana Ramalho Portugal Maastricht University Allard Ringnalda Netherlands Klos cs Dr Dharamveer Singh Chauhan Luxembourg VP Fund Solutions (Luxembourg) SA Prof Guido Westkamp, Germany Queen Mary Intellectual Property Dr Marc Mimler Research Institute, Queen Mary, London DISCLAIMER The information and views set out in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the Commission. -
Tools for the Paraxial Optical Design of Light Field Imaging Systems Lois Mignard-Debise
Tools for the paraxial optical design of light field imaging systems Lois Mignard-Debise To cite this version: Lois Mignard-Debise. Tools for the paraxial optical design of light field imaging systems. Other [cs.OH]. Université de Bordeaux, 2018. English. NNT : 2018BORD0009. tel-01764949 HAL Id: tel-01764949 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01764949 Submitted on 12 Apr 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THÈSE PRÉSENTÉE À L’UNIVERSITÉ DE BORDEAUX ÉCOLE DOCTORALE DE MATHÉMATIQUES ET D’INFORMATIQUE par Loïs Mignard--Debise POUR OBTENIR LE GRADE DE DOCTEUR SPÉCIALITÉ : INFORMATIQUE Outils de Conception en Optique Paraxiale pour les Systèmes d’Imagerie Plénoptique Date de soutenance : 5 Février 2018 Devant la commission d’examen composée de : Hendrik LENSCH Professeur, Université de Tübingen . Rapporteur Céline LOSCOS . Professeur, Université de Reims . Présidente Ivo IHRKE . Professeur, Inria . Encadrant Patrick REUTER . Maître de conférences, Université de Bordeaux Encadrant Xavier GRANIER Professeur, Institut d’Optique Graduate School Directeur 2018 Acknowledgments I would like to express my very great appreciation to my research supervisor, Ivo Ihrke, for his great quality as a mentor. He asked unexpected but pertinent questions during fruitful discussions, encouraged and guided me to be more autonomous in my work and participated in the solving of the hardships faced during experimenting in the laboratory. -
The Design Rationale Editor (Dred)
INTRODUCING THE CAPTURE OF ARGUMENTATION-BASED DESIGN RATIONALE INTO INDUSTRIAL PRACTISE Rob Bracewell Ken Wallace Cambridge Engineering Design Centre Department of Engineering E-mail: [email protected] Trumpington Street Web: www-edc.eng.cam.ac.uk Cambridge Tel: +44 (0)1223 332742 CB2 1PZ Fax: +44 (0)1223 332662 The Design Rationale editor (DRed) • What is DRed? • Where did it come from? • How was it researched, implemented and introduced? • Why do designers seem to find it a help rather than a hindrance? 2 What is DRed? • DR capture tool used by aerospace designers on live tasks from v0.1 onward – just 3 weeks’ software development in v0.1 • Example: Dave Williams, July 2002 – ANTLE Internal Gear Box – Issue: how to improve scavenge while avoiding oil leaks? – Rationale shown in recent DRed, but was originally captured with crude early version 3 Issue: Open Start with an open issue Note “traffic light” statuses 4 No hidden information, easy to scan and browse 5 Proposed answers: Open Pro argument Con argument (qualified) Development of answers and arguments 6 Argument declared to be false All elements have alternative statuses, easily changed 7 Answer rejected in response to dominant con Changes of status capture decisions Follow arrows for knock-on effects Rejection decisions captured 8 Mouth of “tunnel” carrying link into a new file Tunnel links enable large, connected rationales to be distributed legibly 9 Far end of tunnel 10 Back to previous graph 11 Where did it come from? KCSR Project: Socio-Technical Approach to Engineering -
Fashion Sketch
Fashion Sketch Fashion Sketch, an individual state competitive event, recognizes participants for their ability to design and sketch a croquis based upon a provided design scenario. This event is based on the National Skill Demonstration Event but this event does not continue on to a national level conference. Career Pathway Visual Arts & Design Event Levels Level 1: through grade 8 Level 2: grades 9-10 Level 3: grades 11-12 Event Procedure & Time Requirements for In-person Competition 1. Participants will attend a required Orientation Meeting at a time and place designated prior to the event. 2. At designated participation, participants will be given the design scenario. Participants will have 5 minutes to brainstorm and then have 35 minutes to design, sketch, color croquis, and complete the Elements and Principles of Design worksheet. 3. Participants are required to bring the following supplies: 1 file folder (plain, of any color); colored pencils, crayons, and/ or markers; pencil sharpener(s), and ruler(s). No reference materials are allowed. FCCLA will provide one copy of the Elements and Principles of Design worksheet, one croquis, and plain paper to each participant. Participants may draw their own croquis if they choose. Croquis of different sexes, ages, and body types will be provided. 4. Participants will deliver an oral presentation of up to 5 minutes in length, using completed croquis and Elements and Principles of Design worksheet. A 1-minute warning will be give at 4 minutes. Participants will be asked to stop at 5 minutes. Following the oral presentation, the participant will provide the completed croquis and worksheet to the evaluators in the file folder. -
A Comparative Analysis of Design Rationale Representations
T55.4 .W2 CSWEY no. A Compararive Analysis of Design Rationale Representations Jintae Lee Kum-Yew Lai March 1992 WP # 84-92 INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON MANAGEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY Massachusetts Institute of Technology Sloan School of Management Cambridge, Massachusetts The International Center for Research on the Management of Technology A Compararive Analysis of Design Rationale Representations Jintae Lee Kum-Yew Lai March 1992 WP # 84-92 Sloan WP# 3295 & 3405 CCS TR# 121 A revised and condensed version of this report appears in the special issue of Human-Computer Interaction on design rationale, v.6(3-4), pp.251-280. © 1992 Massachusetts Institute of Technology Sloan School of Management Massachusetts Institute of Technology 38 Memorial Drive, E56-390 Cambridge, MA 02139-4307 l,f'''^A»''^"1 d/l.l.T. TF^ ? 3 1993 A revised and condensed version of this report appears in the special issue of Human-Computer Interaction on design rationale, v.6(3-4), pp. 251-280 A Comparative Analysis of Design Rationale Representations Jintae Lee and Kum-Yew Lai Center for Coordination Science and MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory ABSTRACT A few representations have been used for capturing design rationale. It is important to know in what ways they are adequate or limited so that we know how to improve them. In this paper, we develop a framework for evaluating design rationale representations based on a set of generic design tasks. We build the framework by progressively differentiating the elements of design rationale that, when made explicit, support an increasing number of the design tasks. With this framework, we evaluate the expressiveness of the existing representations.