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Development, Evolution, and Adaptation Author(S): Kim Sterelny Source: Philosophy of Science, Vol
Philosophy of Science Association Development, Evolution, and Adaptation Author(s): Kim Sterelny Source: Philosophy of Science, Vol. 67, Supplement. Proceedings of the 1998 Biennial Meetings of the Philosophy of Science Association. Part II: Symposia Papers (Sep., 2000), pp. S369-S387 Published by: The University of Chicago Press on behalf of the Philosophy of Science Association Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/188681 Accessed: 03/03/2010 17:09 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=ucpress. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Philosophy of Science Association and The University of Chicago Press are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Philosophy of Science. -
Philosophical Perspectives on Evolutionary Theory
Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia, 92: 461–464, 2009 Philosophical perspectives on Evolutionary Theory A Tapper Centre for Applied Ethics & Philosophy, Curtin University of Technology, Bentley, WA [email protected] Manuscript received December 2009; accepted February 2010 Abstract Discussion of Darwinian evolutionary theory by philosophers has gone through a number of historical phases, from indifference (in the first hundred years), to criticism (in the 1960s and 70s), to enthusiasm and expansionism (since about 1980). This paper documents these phases and speculates about what, philosophically speaking, underlies them. It concludes with some comments on the present state of the evolutionary debate, where rapid and important changes within evolutionary theory may be passing by unnoticed by philosophers. Keywords: Darwinism, evolutionary theory, philosophy of biology; evolution. Introduction author. Biologists such as Richard Dawkins, Stephen Jay Gould, Steve Jones and Simon Conway Morris are Darwin once said that he had no aptitude for prominent. So also are historians of science, such as Peter philosophy: “My power to follow a long and purely Bowler, Janet Browne, Adrian Desmond and James R. abstract train of thought is very limited; I should, Moore. Equally likely, however, one might be introduced moreover, never have succeeded with metaphysics or to evolutionary theory by a philosopher of biology, for mathematics” (Darwin 1958). This was not false modesty; example Michael Ruse, David Hull or Kim Sterelny. (For -
Philosophy in Biology and Medicine: Biological Individuality and Fetal Parthood, Part I
Oslo, Norway July 7–12, 2019 ISHP SS B BOOK OF ABSTRACTS 2 Index 11 Keynote lectures 17 Diverse format sessions 47 Traditional sessions 367 Individual papers 637 Mixed media and poster presentations A Aaby, Bendik Hellem, 369 Barbosa, Thiago Pinto, 82 Abbott, Jessica, 298 Barker, Matthew, 149 Abir-Am, Pnina Geraldine, 370 Barragán, Carlos Andrés, 391 D’Abramo, Flavio, 371 Battran, Martin, 158 Abrams, Marshall, 372 Bausman, William, 129, 135 Acerbi, Alberto, 156 Baxter, Janella, 56, 57 Ackert, Lloyd, 185 Bayir, Saliha, 536 Agiriano, Arantza Etxeberria, 374 Beasley, Charles, 392 Ahn, Soohyun, 148 Bechtel, William, 259 El Aichouchi, Adil, 375 Bedau, Mark, 393 Airoldi, Giorgio, 376 Ben-Shachar, Erela Teharlev, 395 Allchin, Douglas, 377 Beneduce, Chiara, 396 Allen, Gar, 328 Berry, Dominic, 56, 58 Almeida, Maria Strecht, 377 Bertoldi, Nicola, 397 Amann, Bernd, 40 Betzler, Riana, 398 Andersen, Holly, 19, 20 Bich, Leonardo, 41 Anderson, Gemma, 28 LeBihan, Soazig, 358 Angleraux, Caroline, 378 Birch, Jonathan, 22 Ankeny, Rachel A., 225 Bix, Amy Sue, 399 Anker, Peder, 230 Blais, Cédric, 401 Ardura, Adrian Cerda, 380 Blancke, Stefaan, 609 Armstrong-Ingram, Tiernan, 381 Blell, Mwenza, 488 Arnet, Evan, 383 Blute, Marion, 59, 62 Artiga, Marc, 383 Bognon-Küss, Cécilia, 23 Atanasova, Nina, 20, 21 Bokulich, Alisa, 616 Au, Yin Chung, 384 Bollhagen, Andrew, 402 DesAutels, Lane, 386 Bondarenko, Olesya, 403 Aylward, Alex, 109 Bonilla, Jorge Armando Romo, 404 B Baccelliere, Gabriel Vallejos, 387 Bonnin, Thomas, 405 Baedke, Jan, 49, 50 Boon, Mieke, 235 Baetu, -
472 Philip Kitcher Preludes to Pragmatism
Philosophy in Review XXXIII (2013), no. 6 Philip Kitcher Preludes to Pragmatism: Toward a Reconstruction of Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press 2012. 464 pages $45.00 (cloth ISBN 978–0–19–989955–5) This book collects seventeen of Philip Kitcher’s essays from the past two decades. All but two have been published elsewhere, and several are quite well-known. ‘The Naturalists Return’, for example, appeared in Philosophical Review’s 1992 centennial issue, and is a staple of reading lists in epistemology and the philosophy of science. But the book frames these essays in a valuable new way. In the period from which these essays are drawn, Kitcher moved steadily toward an embrace of pragmatism, and the book presents them as milestones in this development: tentative applications of pragmatist ideas to a range of topics. Hence the word ‘prelude’. Kitcher says that he is not yet ready to present a ‘fully developed pragmatic naturalist position’ and that he is merely giving ‘pointers’ toward such a position (xvi-xvii). But this modesty does not do justice to the sophistication of his pragmatism. Preludes to Pragmatism is a rich and rewarding book that will interest philosophers of many different stripes. It may also prove to be an important contribution to the history of pragmatism. The book’s lengthy introduction puts the essays in context. Kitcher seems surprised to have wound up a pragmatist. ‘Two decades ago’, he writes, ‘I would have seen the three canonical pragmatists—Peirce, James, and Dewey—as well-intentioned but benighted, laboring with crude tools to develop ideas that were far more rigorously and exactly shaped by… what is (unfortunately) known as “analytic” philosophy’ (xi). -
Kitcher's Modest Realism: the Reconceptualization of Scientific
1 KITCHER’S MODEST REALISM: THE RECONCEPTUALIZATION OF SCIENTIFIC OBJECTIVITY Antonio Diéguez Forthcoming in W. J. González (ed.), Scientific Realism and Democratic Society: The Philosophy of Philip Kitcher , “Poznan Studies in the Philosophy of the Sciences and the Humanities”, Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2010. Abstract In Science, Truth and Democracy , Kitcher moderates the strongest ontological realist thesis he defended in The Advancement of Science , with the aim of making compatible the correspondence theory of truth with conceptual relativity. However, it is not clear that both things could be harmonized. If our knowledge of the world is mediated by our categories and concepts; if the selection of these categories and concepts may vary according to our interests, and they are not the consequence of the existence of certain supposed natural kinds or some intrinsic structure of the world, it is very problematic to establish what our true statements correspond to. This paper analyzes the transformation in Kitcher’s realism and expounds the main difficulties in this project. Finally, a modality of moderate ontological realism will be proposed that, despite of keeping the sprit of the conceptual relativity, is strong enough to support the correspondence theory of truth. KEY WORDS MODEST REALISM, CONCEPTUAL RELATIVITY, CORRESPONDENCE THEORY OF TRUTH The last two decades have been a period of deep changes in the realm of the philosophy of science. Not only its hegemony among meta-scientific disciplines has been challenged by the sociology of science and, in general, by the social studies of science, but the objective that guided it from the beginning of its academic institutionalization with the Vienna Circle in the 1930’s —i. -
Robert Klee and the Latest Face of Scientific Realism P. Kyle Stanford
Pergamon Stud. Hist. Phil. Sci., Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 367–375, 1999 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved Printed in Great Britain 0039-3681/99 $ - see front matter Essay Review Preaching to the Choir? Robert Klee and the Latest Face of Scientific Realism P. Kyle Stanford* Robert Klee, Introduction to the Philosophy of Science: Cutting Nature at its Seams (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997), xi ϩ 258 pp., ISBN 0- 19-5106113, paperback. Perhaps the most important point to make about Robert Klee’s recent Introduc- tion to the Philosophy of Science: Cutting Nature at its Seams is that we need many more books like it: it is an engaging, accessible and comprehensive introduc- tory text in the philosophy of science which manages to avoid sailing over the head of the beginner philosophy student without talking down to the working pro- fessional. I suspect that many teachers of the philosophy of science will, along with their students, find something in this book to stimulate their own thinking about the subject. Despite its many strengths, however, the book’s central strategy of argument is, as we shall see, compromised by a fundamental weakness. One particularly impressive feature of the text is its effective use of immunology as a case study. Klee’s first chapter presents the basics of immunological science, and it serves him well as a constant source of illustration throughout the text. As Klee notes, this pedagogical strategy avoids the traditional exclusive focus on the (sometimes idiosyncratic) features of physics. Far more importantly, however, it avoids the classic philosopher’s mistake of testing accounts of science against a high-school textbook reconstruction of scientific activity, rather than the sophisticated, complex, richly detailed and messy business in which real science consists. -
Objectivity in the Feminist Philosophy of Science
OBJECTIVITY IN THE FEMINIST PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requisites for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Karen Cordrick Haely, M.A. ***** The Ohio State University 2003 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Louise M. Antony, Adviser Professor Donald C. Hubin _______________________ Professor George Pappas Adviser Philosophy Graduate Program ABSTRACT According to a familiar though naïve conception, science is a rigorously neutral enterprise, free from social and cultural influence, but more sophisticated philosophical views about science have revealed that cultural and personal interests and values are ubiquitous in scientific practice, and thus ought not be ignored when attempting to understand, describe and prescribe proper behavior for the practice of science. Indeed, many theorists have argued that cultural and personal interests and values must be present in science (and knowledge gathering in general) in order to make sense of the world. The concept of objectivity has been utilized in the philosophy of science (as well as in epistemology) as a way to discuss and explore the various types of social and cultural influence that operate in science. The concept has also served as the focus of debates about just how much neutrality we can or should expect in science. This thesis examines feminist ideas regarding how to revise and enrich the concept of objectivity, and how these suggestions help achieve both feminist and scientific goals. Feminists offer us warnings about “idealized” concepts of objectivity, and suggest that power can play a crucial role in determining which research programs get labeled “objective”. -
Redalyc.Kitcher on Well-Ordered Science: Should Science Be
THEORIA. Revista de Teoría, Historia y Fundamentos de la Ciencia ISSN: 0495-4548 [email protected] Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea España KEREN, ARNON Kitcher on Well-Ordered Science: Should Science Be Measured against the Outcomes of Ideal Democratic Deliberation? THEORIA. Revista de Teoría, Historia y Fundamentos de la Ciencia, vol. 28, núm. 2, 2013, pp. 233- 244 Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea Donostia-San Sebastián, España Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=339730822003 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Kitcher on Well-Ordered Science: Should Science Be Measured against the Outcomes of Ideal Democratic Deliberation? * Arnon KEREN Received: 02.10.2012 Final version: 25.02.2013 BIBLID [0495-4548 (2013) 28: 77; pp. 233-244] ABSTRACT: What should the goals of scientific inquiry be? What questions should scientists investigate, and how should our resources be distributed between different lines of investigation? Philip Kitcher has suggested that we should answer these questions by appealing to an ideal based on the consideration of hypothetical democratic deliberations under ideal circumstances. This paper examines possible arguments that might support acceptance of this ideal for science, and argues that neither the arguments -
Fehr, “What Is in It for Me? the Benefits of Diversity in Scientific
Chapter 7 What Is in It for Me? The Benefits of Diversity in Scientific Communities Carla Fehr Abstract I investigate the reciprocal relationship between social accounts of knowledge production and efforts to increase the representation of women and some minorities in the academy. In particular, I consider the extent to which femi- nist social epistemologies such as Helen Longino’s critical contextual empiricism can be employed to argue that it is in researchers’ epistemic interest to take active steps to increase gender diversity. As it stands, critical contextual empiricism does not provide enough resources to succeed at this task. However, considering this view through an employment equity lens highlights areas where such theories need to be further developed. I argue that views such as Longino’s ought to attend to nuances of community structure and cultural features that inhibit critical social interactions, if we are to maximize the epistemic as well as the ethical improvements associated with a social approach to knowing. These developments advance these epistemic theories for their own sake. They also help develop these theories into a tool that can be used by those calling for increased diversity in the academy. Keywords Feminist philosophy of science • Social epistemology • Implicit bias • Employment equity • Workplace environment issues 7.1 What Is in It for Me? A while ago I gave a lecture to science faculty members and university administrators regarding the underrepresentation of women and minorities in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) fields.1 After my talk, an administrator, with 1 In this paper I am primarily focusing on gender diversity. -
Philosophy Upside Down?
Philosophy Upside Down? Peter Baumann published in: Metaphilosophy 44, no. 5 (October 2013): 579-588. The definitive version is available at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/meta.12046/abstract Abstract Philip Kitcher recently argued for a reconstruction in philosophy. According to him, the contemporary mainstream of philosophy (in the English speaking world, at least) has deteriorated into something which is of relevance only to a few specialists who communicate with each other in a language nobody else understands. Kitcher proposes to reconstruct philosophy along two axes: a knowledge axis (with a focus on the sciences) and a value axis. I discuss Kitcher’s diagnosis as well as his proposal of a therapy. I argue that there are problems with both. I end with an alternative view of what some core problems of the profession currently are. KEYWORDS: applied philosophy; Philip Kitcher; pragmatism; reconstruction in philosophy; scholasticism. In a recent contribution to Metaphilosophy Philip Kitcher argues that there is something deeply wrong with contemporary mainstream anglophone philosophy and that we should “reconstruct” philosophy “inside out” (see Kitcher 2011).1 Kitcher expresses some caution with respect to both his diagnosis and the proposed therapy (see 249); he is happy to admit the vagueness of some of his remarks (see 254; see, e.g., some passages on 252 and 254) and even remarks that much “of what I have said is probably crude, simplistic, and wrong” (258). He continues: “Yet I don’t think that the errors and the need for refinement matter to my plea for philosophical redirection.” (258). I think we should follow Kitcher’s lead here and not worry too much about the details (it is not clear anyway which of the more detailed claims Kitcher is more committed to and which less). -
Toward an Engaged Account of Objectivity: Contributions from Early Phenomenology
Toward an Engaged Account of Objectivity: Contributions from Early Phenomenology Author: Amanda Gibeault Persistent link: http://hdl.handle.net/2345/730 This work is posted on eScholarship@BC, Boston College University Libraries. Boston College Electronic Thesis or Dissertation, 2009 Copyright is held by the author, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise noted. ! ∀# ∃%∃&∋ ∃! ∃∀( )&∗ ( ) & + ( ∃ !) + , −../ 0 +( ∃ !) −../ ! ∀# ∃%∃&∋ ∃! ∃∀( )&∗ ( ) & + ∃ 1∃2 +321 45 6∃ 45 +1 ++ 72 1 18 +426∃ 8 6∀1∃ 54 2+326∃ 72+321 45 61∃ 1 +326 5 5 + 2+ 9215 5+ +326 1∃ 2 ∗) :815 +32 ,6∗ 1+, 2 6∃2 54 ;15 ∃∗ 6∀1∃+ +81 22251 +326 251 ,+325 2214 281+121 ,6∃ 1∃ + 5 +326 ! ∀ #∃ % ∀ &∋( ) ∗ ∀ %+ ∀ %, %∀ % ∃ %− +∀ + +% ,∀ . +, /∀ 0 +− ∀ 1 23 +4 %∀ . 5 . 6 +! +∀ ∃ 7 8 8 9 ,: ,∀ 3 3; , −∀ 3 6 < 3 ,% /∀ / ,+ ∀ & 3 ,+ %∀ 6∋ . ,∗ +∀ = ∃ >1 2 −% 3 ∀ ( ∃ −, ∀ −∗ ,∀ / −! /∀ 4% % 3 4, ∀ 6 & 4∗ ∀ ? 4∗ %∀ 6 4≅ +∀ 0 . ∗: ,∀ 6∃ 3 6 ∗ ∀ 1 ? 0 & ∗, ∀ ? !− /∀ 7 <∃ 8> 8& ≅, /∀ :+ + ; 3 :4 ∀ ; 3 0 :∗ ∀ Α . ∃ . :! ∋ %∀ 76;1 81 8 % 1 ∀ ; 3 − ∀ ∋ 8∃85 − %∀ 7 5 ∃ ∗ +∀ ; 3 %∗ ,∀ +: ∀ 1 6 +− ∀ 6 +4 %∀ 6 ,: +∀ =3 , ,∀ 6 ; 3 ,% /∀ ,4 ,∃?(6 −: ∀ 6 6 −% ∀ 4: ∀ ∗: ∀ ∗: %∀ ∗− /∀ = ∗≅ ∀ = ∗≅ %∀ = ! +∀ & = !− /∀ 3) 3 !! ∀ 6 ≅% /∀ 6 ≅, /∀ ≅∗ − 6 ≅! ∀ 0 %: ∀ .∃ %:− ∀ %:− %∀ % +∀ = 6∃ %+ ,∀ 66 %≅ -
Philosophical Adventures
Philosophical Adventures Elisabeth A. Lloyd INDIANA UNIVERSITY John Dewey lecture delivered at the one hundred tenth annual Central Division meeting of the American Philosophical Association in New Orleans, Louisiana, on February 21, 2013. I had the lovely opportunity of being introduced by Alison Wylie, to whom I owe a large thank you, and thank you especially to Anne Jacobson, and the whole program committee, for this chance to share a bit of my life and career with you. This invitation charged that I was to give an “autobiographical sort” of talk. Specifically, it required the speaker to provide “an intellectual autobiography, with perhaps some account of the way in which [she] was shaped by or shaped the profession, how the profession seems to have changed over the years, etc. The lecturer might reflect on the people and issues that led [her] into philosophy and provide a personal perspective on the state of the field today.” I tried to stick pretty closely to this mandate. Over the course of my career, which is now—although I find this astounding—over thirty years long, I have had the great pleasure of seeing my primary field of research grow and establish itself as a serious field of thought and activity in philosophy. When I was in graduate school at Princeton in the early 1980s, I was told, and I quote, “there is no such thing as Philosophy of Biology. You can’t write a dissertation on that.” And John Beatty wrote that same year: “In the world of academic specialties and subspecialties, philosophy of biology certainly counts as a self-respecting, if not otherwise respected, field of study.”1 It is impossible to imagine anyone saying that now! Five years later, I was also told that feminist philosophy of science was hopeless, that there were no good cases of male bias in science worth discussing, and that since science was self- correcting, those sorts of bias couldn’t have any long-term significance.