Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-03305-4 — The Cambridge History of Moral Philosophy Edited by Sacha Golob , Jens Timmermann Frontmatter More Information

the cambridge history of moral PHILOSOPHY

With fifty-four chapters charting the development of moral philosophy in the Western world, this volume examines the key thinkers and texts and their influence on the history of moral thought from the pre-Socratics to the present day. Topics including Epicureanism, humanism, Jewish and Arabic thought, perfectionism, pragmatism, idealism and intuitionism are all explored, as are figures including Aristotle, Boethius, Spinoza, Hobbes, Hume, Kant, Hegel, Mill, Nietzsche, Heidegger, Sartre and Rawls, as well as numerous key ideas and schools of thought. Chapters are written by leading experts in the field, drawing on the latest research to offer rigorous analysis of the canonical figures and movements of this branch of philosophy. The volume provides a comprehensive yet philosophically advanced resource for students and teachers alike as they approach, and refine their understanding of, the central issues in moral thought.

sacha golob is a Senior Lecturer in Philosophy and the Director of the Centre for Philosophy and the Visual Arts at King’s College London. He is the author of Heidegger on Concepts, Freedom and Normativity (Cambridge 2014), and of articles on the histories of French and German philosophy and the philosophy of mind. jens timmermann is Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of St Andrews. He is the co-editor of Kant’s ‘Critique of Practical Reason’: A Critical Guide (Cambridge 2010) and of Immanuel Kant: Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals (Cambridge 2011).

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-03305-4 — The Cambridge History of Moral Philosophy Edited by Sacha Golob , Jens Timmermann Frontmatter More Information

THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF MORAL PHILOSOPHY

*

Edited by

SACHA GOLOB King’s College London

JENS TIMMERMANN University of St Andrews, Scotland

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-03305-4 — The Cambridge History of Moral Philosophy Edited by Sacha Golob , Jens Timmermann Frontmatter More Information

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www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781107033054 doi: 10.1017/9781139519267 © Cambridge University Press 2017 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2017 Printed in the United Kingdom by Clays, St Ives plc A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data names: Golob, Sacha, 1981– editor. title: The Cambridge history of moral philosophy / edited by Sacha Golob, King’s College London, Jens Timmermann, University of St Andrews, Scotland. description: New York : Cambridge University Press, 2017. | Includes bibliographical references and index. identifiers: lccn 2017012392 | isbn 9781107033054 (alk. paper) subjects: lcsh: Ethics – History. classification: lcc bj71 .c36 2017 | ddc 170.9–dc23 lc record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017012392 isbn 978-1-107-03305-4 Hardback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party Internet Web sites referred to in this publication and does not guarantee that any content on such Web sites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-03305-4 — The Cambridge History of Moral Philosophy Edited by Sacha Golob , Jens Timmermann Frontmatter More Information

Contents

List of Contributors page x Acknowledgements xii

Introduction 1 sacha golob and jens timmermann

1 · Ethics before Socrates 5 catherine rowett

2 · Socrates and Sophists 15 a.g. long

3 · Plato 28 james warren

4 · Aristotle 42 michael pakaluk

5 · Epicureanism and Hedonism 57 voula tsouna

6 · Stoicism 75 brad inwood

7 · Ancient Skepticism 88 katja maria vogt

8 · Neo-Platonism 100 alexandrine schniewind

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Contents

9 · Early Christian Ethics 112 sarah byers

10 · Boethius, Abelard and Anselm 125 john marenbon

11 · Medieval Jewish Ethics 138 tamar rudavsky

12 · Moral Philosophy in the Medieval Islamicate World 153 anna akasoy

13 · “Christian Aristotelianism”? Albert the Great and Thomas Aquinas 168 tobias hoffmann and jo¨ rn mu¨ ller

14 · Duns Scotus and William of Ockham 181 tobias hoffmann

15 · Humanism 192 sabrina ebbersmeyer

16 · The Protestant Reformation 208 jesse couenhoven

17 · Descartes’s Provisional Morality 221 lisa shapiro

18 · Hobbes 233 s.a. lloyd

19 · The Cambridge Platonists 245 sarah hutton

20 · Bayle 257 jean-luc sole` re

21 · Leibniz 268 gregory brown

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Contents

22 · Spinoza 283 steven nadler

23 · Pascal 297 desmond m. clarke

24 · Locke and Butler 311 stephen darwall

25 · Shaftesbury, Hutcheson and the Moral Sense 325 james a. harris

26 · Hume 338 paul guyer

27 · Smith and Bentham 352 craig smith

28 · Rousseau 365 susan meld shell

29 · Rationalism and Perfectionism 379 stefano bacin

30 · Kant 394 jens timmermann

31 · Fichte 410 allen wood

32 · Hegel 421 dudley knowles

33 · Mill 436 christopher macleod

34 · Schopenhauer 448 alistair welchman

35 · Kierkegaard 459 r. zachary manis

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Contents

36 · American Transcendentalism 472 russell b. goodman

37 · Nietzsche 482 lawrence hatab

38 · Marxism 495 jeffrey reiman

39 · Sidgwick 509 katarzyna de lazari-radek

40 · Pragmatism 521 cheryl misak

41 · British Idealism 535 robert stern

42 · Ethical Intuitionism 549 philip stratton-lake

43 · Husserl and Phenomenological Ethics 562 nicolas de warren

44 · Ethics in Freudian and Post-Freudian Psychoanalysis 577 edward harcourt

45 · Noncognitivism: From the Vienna Circle to the Present Day 591 john eriksson

46 · The Frankfurt School 607 fred rush

47 · Heidegger 623 sacha golob

48 · Sartre 636 sebastian gardner

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Contents

49 · French Ethical Philosophy since the 1960s 653 todd may

50 · Wittgenstein’s Ethics and Wittgensteinian Moral Philosophy 666 david levy

51 · Anti-Theory: Anscombe, Foot and Williams 678 simon robertson

52 · Discourse Ethics 692 peter niesen

53 · Decision Theory 706 ben eggleston

54 · Rawls 718 katrin flikschuh

Index 731

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Contributors

A NNA A KASOY, Department of History, CUNY Graduate Center S TEFANO B ACIN, Department of Philosophy, Università di Milano G REGORY B ROWN, Department of Philosophy, University of Houston S ARAH B YERS, Department of Philosophy, Boston College D ESMOND M. CLARKE, Department of Philosophy, University of Cork J ESSE C OUENHOVEN, Department of Humanities, Villanova University S TEPHEN D ARWALL, Department of Philosophy, Yale University S ABRINA E BBERSMEYER, Philosophy Section, Københavns Universitet B EN E GGLESTON, Department of Philosophy, University of Kansas J OHN E RIKSSON, Department of Philosophy, Linguistics and Theory of Science, Göteborgs Universitet K ATRIN F LIKSCHUH, Department of Government, London School of Economics S EBASTIAN G ARDNER, Department of Philosophy, University College London S ACHA G OLOB, Department of Philosophy, King’s College London R USSELL B. GOODMAN, Department of Philosophy, University of New Mexico P AUL G UYER, Department of Philosophy, Brown University E DWARD H ARCOURT, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Oxford, and Keble College, Oxford J AMES A. HARRIS, Department of Philosophy, University of St Andrews L AWRENCE H ATAB, Department of Philosophy, Old Dominion University T OBIAS H OFFMANN, School of Philosophy, The Catholic University of America S ARAH H UTTON, Department of Philosophy, University of York B RAD I NWOOD, Departments of Classics and Philosophy, Yale University D UDLEY K NOWLES, Department of Philosophy, University of Glasgow K ATARZYNA DE L AZARI-RADEK, Department of Philosophy, Uniwersytet Łódzki D AVID L EVY, Department of Philosophy, University of Edinburgh S.A. LLOYD, School of Philosophy, University of Southern California A.G. LONG, School of Classics, University of St Andrews C HRISTOPHER M ACLEOD, Department of Politics, Philosophy and Religion, University of Lancaster R. ZACHARY M ANIS, Department of Theology, Southwest Baptist University J OHN M ARENBON, Trinity College, University of Cambridge T ODD M AY, Department of Philosophy and Religion, Clemson University

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List of Contributors

C HERYL M ISAK, Department of Philosophy, University of Toronto J ÖRN M ÜLLER, Institute of Philosophy, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg S TEVEN N ADLER, Department of Politics, University of Wisconsin-Madison P ETER N IESEN, Department of Politics, Universität Hamburg M ICHAEL P AKALUK, Busch School of Business and Economics, The Catholic University of America J EFFREY R EIMAN, Department of Philosophy and Religion, American University S IMON R OBERTSON, Department of Philosophy, Cardiff University C ATHERINE R OWETT, Department of Philosophy, University of East Anglia T AMAR R UDAVSKY, Department of Philosophy, Ohio State University F RED R USH, Department of Philosophy, University of Notre Dame A LEXANDRINE S CHNIEWIND, Department of Philosophy, Université de Lausanne L ISA S HAPIRO, Department of Philosophy, Simon Fraser University S USAN M ELD S HELL, Department of Political Science, Boston College C RAIG S MITH, School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Glasgow J EAN- LUC S OLÈRE, Department of Philosophy, Boston College / CNRS, PSL Research University, LEM (UMR 8584) R OBERT S TERN, Department of Philosophy, University of Sheffield P HILIP S TRATTON- LAKE, Department of Philosophy, University of Reading J ENS T IMMERMANN, Department of Philosophy, University of St Andrews V OULA T SOUNA, Department of Philosophy, University of California, Santa Barbara K ATJA M ARIA V OGT, Department of Philosophy, Columbia University J AMES W ARREN, Faculty of Classics, University of Cambridge N ICOLAS DE W ARREN, Husserl Archives and Pennsylvania State University A LISTAIR W ELCHMAN, Department of Philosophy and Classics, University of Texas at San Antonio A LLEN W OOD, Department of Philosophy, Indiana University Bloomington

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Acknowledgements

Involving well over sixty contributors and referees, this book has been a long time in the making: we would like to express our gratitude to all involved for their patience. Our thanks in particular go to Peter Adamson, Tobias Hoffmann, John Marenbon, Tom Pink and Voula Tsouna for their advice and guidance. Above all, we should like to thank Hilary Gaskin and her colleagues Daniel Brown, Gillian Dadd, Christina Sarigiannidou and Ross Stewart at Cambridge University Press for their support throughout the process, and Virginia Catmur for her heroic copy-editing.

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