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Road Infrastructure Charging Policy in Europe

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Road Infrastructure Charging Policy in Europe www.pwc.com Evaluation and future of road toll concessions Interim Report (abstract) May 2014 Statement The aim of this Study is to highlight that the concession model is the most flexible tool for constructing, maintaining and operating a network for a given period. As a matter of fact, the concession model can provide concrete benefits in the road infrastructure sector: it allows reliable and fast movements of passengers and goods assuring the best road safety standards and the highest level of service; it allows significant investments overcoming the spending constraints foreseen by the Stability and Growth Pact; it ensures the development of infrastructures with required quality standards, including mitigation measures for environmental impacts (e.g. sound barriers, waste waters control, sound-absorbing surfaces); it fosters research and development, contributing to innovation in safety as well as in traffic monitoring (e.g. intelligent transportation system). Evaluation and future of road toll concessions May 2014 PwC 2 Performance survey Questionnaires received The aims of the Performance survey currently ongoing are: get all relevant information, not publicly available, related to toll systems and concessions regimes; to get points of view, opinions, best practice and recommendations on future development of concession schemes in European countries; to get a general overview and an exhaustive understanding of the topics under evaluation. Evaluation and future of road toll concessions May 2014 PwC 3 General overview of the network 1. Aim of the chapter 2. ASECAP network and concession models 3. Definition of road toll concession in the European countries 4. Extension of concession contract 5. Traffic 6. Safety I 7. Tolling equipment Chapter I - General overview of the network Aim of the chapter This chapter is aimed at providing a clear and shared definition of the term “concession” all over European countries, an overview of the existing concessions reality in all ASECAP members (e.g. length of network, economic and financial performance, accident rate, etc.), common features and key factors among road toll concession models (e.g. typical methodology to settle tariffs , obligations of the concessionaire, typical concession period, etc.) Evaluation and future of road toll concessions May 2014 PwC 5 Chapter I - General overview of the network ASECAP network and concession models (1/2) In brackets, percentage on the THE NETHERLANDS DENMARK NORWAY POLAND total motorway network • 20km (1%) • 34 km (3%) • 935 km (NA) • 468 km (34%) • 1 public company • 2 public companies • 38 private companies • 4 private companies 2012 figures IRELAND • 337 km (37%) AUSTRIA • 9 private companies • 2.177 km (100%) • 3 public companies UNITED KINGDOM • 42 km (1%) SLOVENIA • 1 private company • 607 km (79%) • 1 public company FRANCE • 8.891 km (78%) • 21 private companies and HUNGARY 2 public companies • 603 km (75%) • 5 private companies SPAIN • 3.404 km (23%) SERBIA • 29 private companies and 3 public companies • 603 km (100%) • 1 public company PORTUGAL CROATIA • 1.533 km (51%) • 1.251 km (100%) • 7 private companies • 2 public companies and 2 mixed capital companies ITALY • 5.715 km (85%) GREECE • 4 private companies, 21 mixed capital • 1.659 km (85%) companies and 2 public companies • 8 private companies Evaluation and future of road toll concessions May 2014 PwC Respondent Member ASECAP Member Associate Member 6 Chapter I - General overview of the network ASECAP network and concession models (2/2) Concession model • France, Italy, Spain and Austria Concession are the countries with the longest Concession to private, Concession concessed network to private mixed or to public companies public companies • But in Spain this network is less companies than ¼ of the national motorway network Denmark < 100 km UK Netherlands • In five countries (Austria, Denmark, Netherlands, Serbia, 100 – Ireland and Slovenia) motorways are 500 km Poland exclusively managed by the State 500 – Serbia through 100% controlled companies Norway 1.000 km Slovenia* • In Denmark, the Netherlands Greece and UK only specific sections of the 1.000 – Hungary* Croatia network are under concession (i.e. 2.000 km Portugal bridges, tunnels or short motorway Network length Network links) 2.000 – Spain Austria* 5.000 km Private company: Company owned France > 5.000 km exclusively by private investors Italy Public company: Company owned by a * Countries where a vignette system is implemented government or other public bodies Evaluation and future of road toll concessions Mixed company: Company inMay which2014 the PwC State acts as a partner of private capital7 Chapter I - General overview of the network Definition of road toll concession in the European countries FRANCE • A concession is a tool for State authorities to fund, maintain, exploit and develop an infrastructure network. POLAND • Through the concession, the State delegate to • A concession is a type of contract between the the contracting partner the responsibility to State and the private entrepreneur, whereby the SPAIN build and operate the infrastructure bearing concessionaire agrees to carry out the subject of the concession for remuneration, which is the • A concession is a mixed contracts of public the risks associated. Works right to use the subject of the concession with the works and public service operations. concession/ Services right to collect the benefits (tolls). • Through the concession, the Concessionaire, concession Works chosen by means of a public tender, operates a concession public service, such as placing an infrastructure for travel and road SLOVENIA transportation at the disposal of individuals, • A concession is a bilateral legal relationship and on the other, the Concessionaire occupies between the state and public entity as the grantor and uses an asset of public domain for the and any legal entity as the concessionaire, in which operation of that service. the awarding authority grants to the Works concessionaire a special or exclusive right to concession/ perform public service or other activity in the Services public interest, which may include the construction concession of facilities and devices that are partly or wholly in the public interest. Works concession/ AUSTRIA Services • In Austria, the “concession” between the Republic concession of Austria and ASFINAG is defined by a contract ITALY between these two entities: ASFINAG is entitled to • “Public works concessions” are contracts, with collect toll on the entire Austrian Highway and financial clauses, written and registered, regarding Motorway network (level of the toll being the execution, or the detailed construction design approved by the State). In return for the toll and the execution, or the final design and the collected, ASFINAG is obliged to build, maintain detailed construction design and the execution of and operate the Austrian highway and motorway public works, and of works structurally and network Works directly connected to them; and their functional concession/ and financial operation. Services Works concession concession Evaluation and future of road toll concessions May 2014 PwC Respondent Member 8 Chapter I - General overview of the network Extension of concession contract The possibility to extent the concession contract varies from one Country to another Extension allowed Extension not applicable AUSTRIA • The duration of the concession contract of ASFINAG is unlimited FRANCE SLOVENIA • Extension up to 1 year (for contractual agreement) • Extension up to 10 years (maximum duration 50 years) • Extension over 1 year must be under certain conditions approved by a dedicated rule SPAIN ITALY • Extension up to 6 years • Extension allowed only in cases (maximum duration 46 years) complying with the European under certain conditions laws on concessions. Evaluation and future of road toll concessions May 2014 PwC 9 Chapter I - General overview of the network Traffic Average Daily Traffic Total vehicles-km travelling on the network [10^6 of vehicles-km] 60.000 90000 80000 50.000 70000 40.000 60000 50000 30.000 40000 20.000 30000 20000 10.000 10000 0 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Austria Croatia Denmark Austria Croatia Denmark Spain Spain France Greece France Greece Hungary Ireland Hungary Italy The Netherlands Italy The Netherlands Poland Portugal Poland Portugal United Kingdom Slovenia United Kingdom Slovenia • The country with highest AADT is Denmark (about 48.000 veh.), followed by Italy and UK • Considering the number of vehicles travelling, countries with highest levels are France and Italy (about 80 bn of vehicles-km per year) • All other countries register less than 30 bn of vehicles-km per year • In recent years, many countries have experienced a significant reduction of traffic (Italy: -10% in 3 years; Portugal: -15% in 3 years; Spain: -23% in 3 years) • Austria (+5% in 3 years) and Poland (+50% in 3 years) show an opposite trend Evaluation and future of road toll concessions May 2014 PwC 10 Chapter I - General overview of the network Safety (1/2) Accident rate No. of accidents [Value / 100 millions of vehicle-km] 12.000 80 70 10.000 60 8.000 50 6.000 40 30 4.000 20 2.000 10 0 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Austria Croatia Denmark Austria Croatia Denmark Spain Spain France Greece France Greece Hungary Ireland Hungary Ireland Italy Italy The Netherlands Poland Portugal
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