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Impacts of the New Fixed Link Between Sweden and Denmark on the Transport Logistics System in Sweden

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World Maritime University The Maritime Commons: Digital Repository of the World Maritime University World Maritime University Dissertations Dissertations 1999 Impacts of the new fixed link between Sweden and Denmark on the transport logistics system in Sweden Lamia Bennouna World Maritime University Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.wmu.se/all_dissertations Recommended Citation Bennouna, Lamia, "Impacts of the new fixed link between Sweden and Denmark on the transport logistics system in Sweden" (1999). World Maritime University Dissertations. 36. https://commons.wmu.se/all_dissertations/36 This Dissertation is brought to you courtesy of Maritime Commons. Open Access items may be downloaded for non-commercial, fair use academic purposes. No items may be hosted on another server or web site without express written permission from the World Maritime University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WORLD MARITIME UNIVERSITY Malmö, Sweden IMPACTS OF THE NEW FIXED LINK BETWEEN SWEDEN AND DENMARK ON THE TRANSPORT LOGISTICS SYSTEM IN SWEDEN By LAMIA BENNOUNA Morocco A dissertation submitted to the World Maritime University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in SHIPPING MANAGEMENT 1999 Ó Copyright Bennouna lamia, 1999 DECLARATION I certify that all the material in this dissertation that is not my own work has been identified, and that no material is included for which a degree has previously been conferred on me. The contents of this dissertation reflect my own personal views, and are not necessarily endorsed by the University. -------------------------------- (Signature) -------------------------------- (Date) Supervised by: Professor Shuo Ma Course Professor Port and Shipping Management World Marititme University Assessor: Captain Jan Horck Lecturer World Maritime University Co-assessor: Professor Pierre Bauchet Vice Président du Conseil Supérieur de la Marine Marchande. C.N.R.S Centre Transport et Developement ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My study at the World Maritime University has been a fruitful period and a cherished desire to perform my maritime knowledge, which has been successfully accomplished. For that, I shall forever remain indebted to Mr. Tangi Mohamed, former Director of the Co-operation and Legal Affairs Department in the Ministry of Ocean Fisheries in Rabat, Morocco, to have encouraged me and helped me to fulfil my wishes. My special thanks are expressed to Professor Ma, Course Professor of the Shipping Management Course, who has guided me and helped me in completing this dissertation. I also wish to acknowledge and express my deep gratitude to Lenormand Eric, Marketing General Manager of the Schenker-BTL Group for his precious help. The completion of this dissertation would not have been possible without the invaluable source of information he has provided me with. I also express my special thanks to Susan and Cecilia at WMU Library and Captain Horck, for their inestimable assistance in helping me research the topic. My gratitude is also adressed to Inger for her appreciable help in English. My two-year fellowships in WMU have been made memorable and fruitful by my colleagues and friends who have made my stay in Malmö an unforgettable period of my life. Therefore, I would like to address them my deepest thanks. Finally, special thanks are expressed to Edgar, who has encouraged me and supported me all along my studies. His presence has provided me with the necessary stability and emotional support, which were essential to the success of my studies. iii ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: Impacts of the New Fixed Link between Sweden and Denmark on the Transport Logistics System in Sweden Degree: MSc The dissertation is a study of the impacts of the new fixed link over the Oresund on the Swedish transport logistics system. Sweden is separated from the continent by its peninsula situation. The advent of the Oresund link in the year 2000 is going to be a historic event that represents a major step in the integration of Scandinavia into the EU. For the first time, Sweden will be linked directly by land to the continental Europe. The new fixed link will have various effects in the region, including impacts on the transport logistics related to the carriage of goods from and to Sweden. It would appear that one of the main beneficiaries of the fixed link would be the railway if efforts are made to develop the European railway network. In particular, this will comprise transport over medium and long-distance. Besides rail transport, road transport on short distances is also expected to be the main user of the Oresund link, taking advantage of the 24-hour opening of the bridge. iv On long distances to the continent, ferry lines via Trelleborg remain the most advantageous routes for road transport as the crossing time is taken as a rest period for the driver. The main airports in the Oresund region, Kastrup and Sturup airports will benefit from the new fixed link which will connect these airports to the road and rail network on both sides of the Sound. KEYWORDS: Oresund Fixed-link, Transport modes, Logistics, Efficiency, Economic impact. v TABLE OF CONTENTS Declaration ii Acknowledgements iii Abstract iv Table of contents vi List of Tables ix List of Figures x List of Abbreviations xi 1 Introduction 1 1.1. Objective of the study 2 1.2. Research methodology 2 1.3. Structure of the study 3 2 Current transport logistics system in Sweden 2.1. Basic concepts of transport logistics 5 2.1.1 Transport mode characteristics 6 2.1.1.1 Sea 6 2.1.1.2 Road 6 2.1.1.3. Rail 7 2.1.1.4. Air 7 2.1.2 Modal choices 9 2.2 Trade and economic development 10 2.3 Characteristics of the Swedish transport logistics system 13 2.3.1. Transport infrastructure 13 vi 2.3.2. Transport of goods 19 2.3.2.1. Distribution per mode of transport 19 2.3.2.2. Distribution per type of cargo 21 2.3.2.3. Main routes to Denmark and the Continent covered by ferry services 22 2.3.3. Factors affecting the transport choice 24 2.3.3.1. Driver's working hours 24 2.3.3.2. Transit time 25 2.3.3.3. Cost of transport 25 2.3.4. Examples of export of goods from Sweden to the Continent 28 2.4. Conclusion 31 3 The new fixed link over the Oresund 3.1. Background 32 3.2. General features 34 3.3. Socio-economic impact 38 3.4. Environmental impact 39 4 Impacts of the new bridge on the transport logistics in Sweden 4.1 General opinion of the transport industry and forecasts on the potential impacts of the Oresund link 42 4.2 Changes in the transport network 45 4.3 Impact on road transport 46 4.3.1. Short distance transport 46 4.3.2. Long distance transport 47 4.3.3. Marginal transport 50 4.4 Impact on rail transport 51 vii 4.5 Impact on air traffic 52 4.6 Impact on the ferry business 53 4.6.1. Ferry lines between southern Sweden and Denmark 53 4.6.2. Ferry lines between southern Sweden and the continent 55 4.7 Future for ferry services 55 4.8 Impacts on the main southern Swedish Ports 57 4.9 Conclusion 59 5 Conclusion 62 Bibliography 65 Annexes Annex 1 Example of timetable used by Schenker-BTL 69 Annex 2 Route taken to transport refrigerators from Arvika to Duesseldorf 70 Annex 3 Route taken to transport paper from Klippans bruk to Wrexham 71 viii LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Comparison between different modes of transport 8 Table 2 Goods traffic in tons in the port of Malmö in 1997 and 1998 17 Table 3 Total cargo throughput in 1997 in the port of Helsingborg 18 Table 4 Total cargo throughput in 1997 in the port of Trelleborg 19 Table 5 Main ferry routes to the Continent and their caracteristics 23 Table 6 Impact of the Oresund Link according to the transport mode 59 ix LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Modal choices 9 Figure 2 Exports 1997. Geographical distribution 12 Figure 3 Main ferry routes 15 Figure 4 Evolution of the freight transport mileage in Sweden (1960-1997) 20 Figure 5 Long distance transport mileage in 1997 22 Figure 6 Cost share (%) of each transport leg between Halmstad and Hamburg 26 Figure 7 Cost share (%) of each transport leg between Stockholm and Paris 27 Figure 8 Export of refrigerators between Sweden and Germany 29 Figure 9 Export of paper between Sweden and the UK 30 Figure 10 The Oresund link 33 Figure 11 The estimated distribution of the Oresund link traffic by category of vehicles 35 Figure 12 Relationships between transport infrastructures and spatial development 38 Figure 13 Export of refrigerators between Sweden and Germany using the Oresund Bridge 47 Figure 14 Export of paper between Sweden and the UK using the Oresund Bridge 50 Figure 15 Alternatives for the move of goods from Sweden to Denmark and the continent 60 x LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS MAL: MALMÖ CPH: COPENHAGEN SWE: SWEDEN EUR: EUROPE EU: EUROPEAN UNION TEN: TRANS-EUROPEAN NETWORK xi CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION It has been seen throughout the world history how infrastructure projects influence populations, and help shape their ways of living and their culture. Nowadays, coming to the 21st century, civilisations are very diverse, dragging ideas from each other, which enlarges the importance of undertakings that facilitate communication between places and groups of people. Although communication has expanded into many spheres, such as electronic, digital, and wireless transfer of data, trade is paramount because it relates to tangible products that can be transferred and interchanged from one location to the other, giving to a country what other may produce better, increasing options of purchase, commercial interchange, flow of foreign currency, and by consequence, better standards of living.
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