The History of Nordic Labour Law
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No. 2138 BELGIUM, FRANCE, ITALY, LUXEMBOURG, NETHERLANDS
No. 2138 BELGIUM, FRANCE, ITALY, LUXEMBOURG, NETHERLANDS, NORWAY, SWEDEN and SWITZERLAND International Convention to facilitate the crossing of fron tiers for passengers and baggage carried by rail (with annex). Signed at Geneva, on 10 January 1952 Official texts: English and French. Registered ex officio on 1 April 1953. BELGIQUE, FRANCE, ITALIE, LUXEMBOURG, NORVÈGE, PAYS-BAS, SUÈDE et SUISSE Convention internationale pour faciliter le franchissement des frontières aux voyageurs et aux bagages transportés par voie ferrée (avec annexe). Signée à Genève, le 10 janvier 1952 Textes officiels anglais et français. Enregistrée d'office le l* r avril 1953. 4 United Nations — Treaty Series 1953 No. 2138. INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION1 TO FACILI TATE THE CROSSING OF FRONTIERS FOR PASSEN GERS AND BAGGAGE CARRIED BY RAIL. SIGNED AT GENEVA, ON 10 JANUARY 1952 The undersigned, duly authorized, Meeting at Geneva, under the auspices of the Economic Commission for Europe, For the purpose of facilitating the crossing of frontiers for passengers carried by rail, Have agreed as follows : CHAPTER I ESTABLISHMENT AND OPERATION OF FRONTIER STATIONS WHERE EXAMINATIONS ARE CARRIED OUT BY THE TWO ADJOINING COUNTRIES Article 1 1. On every railway line carrying a considerable volume of international traffic, which crosses the frontier between two adjoining countries, the competent authorities of those countries shall, wherever examination cannot be satisfactorily carried out while the trains are in motion, jointly examine the possibility of designating by agreement a station close to the frontier, at which shall be carried out the examinations required under the legislation of the two countries in respect of the entry and exit of passengers and their baggage. -
Flash Reports on Labour Law January 2017 Summary and Country Reports
Flash Report 01/2017 Flash Reports on Labour Law January 2017 Summary and country reports EUROPEAN COMMISSION Directorate DG Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion Unit B.2 – Working Conditions Flash Report 01/2017 Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union. Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) The information given is free, as are most calls (though some operators, phone boxes or hotels may charge you). LEGAL NOTICE This document has been prepared for the European Commission however it reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://www.europa.eu). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2017 ISBN ABC 12345678 DOI 987654321 © European Union, 2017 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Flash Report 01/2017 Country Labour Law Experts Austria Martin Risak Daniela Kroemer Belgium Wilfried Rauws Bulgaria Krassimira Sredkova Croatia Ivana Grgurev Cyprus Nicos Trimikliniotis Czech Republic Nataša Randlová Denmark Natalie Videbaek Munkholm Estonia Gaabriel Tavits Finland Matleena Engblom France Francis Kessler Germany Bernd Waas Greece Costas Papadimitriou Hungary Gyorgy Kiss Ireland Anthony Kerr Italy Edoardo Ales Latvia Kristine Dupate Lithuania Tomas Davulis Luxemburg Jean-Luc Putz Malta Lorna Mifsud Cachia Netherlands Barend Barentsen Poland Leszek Mitrus Portugal José João Abrantes Rita Canas da Silva Romania Raluca Dimitriu Slovakia Robert Schronk Slovenia Polonca Končar Spain Joaquín García-Murcia Iván Antonio Rodríguez Cardo Sweden Andreas Inghammar United Kingdom Catherine Barnard Iceland Inga Björg Hjaltadóttir Liechtenstein Wolfgang Portmann Norway Helga Aune Lill Egeland Flash Report 01/2017 Table of Contents Executive Summary .............................................. -
The Ultimate Balancing Act
THE ULTIMATE BALANCING ACT WORK AND FAMILY IN THE NORDIC REGION THINK-PIECE 1 THE ULTIMATE BALANCING ACT Work and family in the Nordic region Iselin Løvslett Danbolt ISBN 978-92-893-4752-5 (PRINT) ISBN 978-92-893-4753-2 (PDF) http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/ANP2016-780 ANP 2016:780 © Nordic Council of Ministers 2016 Layout: Gitte Wejnold Photo: norden.org, unsplash.com, Scanpix Print: Rosendahls Copies: 160 54 7 1 45 TRYKSAG Printed in Denmark This publication has been published with financial support by the Nordic Council of Ministers. However, the contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views, policies or recommendations of the Nordic Council of Ministers. www.norden.org/nordpub Nordic co-operation Nordic co-operation is one of the world’s most extensive forms of regional collaboration, involving Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Åland. Nordic co-operation has firm traditions in politics, the economy, and culture. It plays an important role in European and international collaboration, and aims at creating a strong Nordic community in a strong Europe. Nordic co-operation seeks to safeguard Nordic and regional interests and principles in the global community. Common Nordic values help the region solidify its position as one of the world’s most innovative and competitive. Nordic Council of Ministers Ved Stranden 18 DK-1061 Copenhagen K +45 33 96 02 00 www.norden.org 2 THE ULTIMATE BALANCING ACT WORK AND FAMILY IN THE NORDIC REGION THINK-PIECE ISELIN LØVSLETT DANBOLT 4 CONTENTS -
19-292 Torres V. Madrid (03/25/2021)
(Slip Opinion) OCTOBER TERM, 2020 1 Syllabus NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. Detroit Timber & Lumber Co., 200 U. S. 321, 337. SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES Syllabus TORRES v. MADRID ET AL. CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT No. 19–292. Argued October 14, 2020—Decided March 25, 2021 Respondents Janice Madrid and Richard Williamson, officers with the New Mexico State Police, arrived at an Albuquerque apartment com- plex to execute an arrest warrant and approached petitioner Roxanne Torres, then standing near a Toyota FJ Cruiser. The officers at- tempted to speak with her as she got into the driver’s seat. Believing the officers to be carjackers, Torres hit the gas to escape. The officers fired their service pistols 13 times to stop Torres, striking her twice. Torres managed to escape and drove to a hospital 75 miles away, only to be airlifted back to a hospital in Albuquerque, where the police ar- rested her the next day. Torres later sought damages from the officers under 42 U. S. C. §1983. She claimed that the officers used excessive force against her and that the shooting constituted an unreasonable seizure under the Fourth Amendment. Affirming the District Court’s grant of summary judgment to the officers, the Tenth Circuit held that “a suspect’s continued flight after being shot by police negates a Fourth Amendment excessive-force claim.” 769 Fed. -
The Supreme Court and the New Equity
Vanderbilt Law Review Volume 68 | Issue 4 Article 1 5-2015 The uprS eme Court and the New Equity Samuel L. Bray Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu/vlr Part of the Supreme Court of the United States Commons Recommended Citation Samuel L. Bray, The uS preme Court and the New Equity, 68 Vanderbilt Law Review 997 (2019) Available at: https://scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu/vlr/vol68/iss4/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Vanderbilt Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Vanderbilt Law Review by an authorized editor of Scholarship@Vanderbilt Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. VANDERBILT LAW REVIEW VOLUME 68 MAY 2015 NUMBER 4 ARTICLES The Supreme Court and the New Equity Samuel L. Bray* The line between law and equity has largely faded away. Even in remedies, where the line persists, the conventional scholarly wisdom favors erasing it. Yet something surprisinghas happened. In a series of cases over the last decade and a half, the U.S. Supreme Court has acted directly contrary to this conventional wisdom. These cases range across many areas of substantive law-from commercial contracts and employee benefits to habeas and immigration, from patents and copyright to environmental law and national security. Throughout these disparate areas, the Court has consistently reinforced the line between legal and equitable remedies, and it has treated equitable remedies as having distinctive powers and limitations. This Article describes and begins to evaluate the Court's new equity cases. -
Autopsies in Norway and Czech Republic
CHARLES UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE THIRD FACULTY OF MEDICINE Astrid Teigland Autopsies in Norway and Czech Republic: A comparison A look at international tendencies concerning autopsy rates, and whether these have had any impact regarding autopsy as a means of a retrospective diagnostic tool Diploma thesis 1 Prague, August 2010 Author of diploma thesis: astrid Teigland Master's programme of study Advisor of the thesis: : MUDr. Adamek Department of the advisor of the thesis: Forensic Dpt., FNKV Prague Date and year of defence: august 2010 2 Written Declaration I declare that I completed the submitted work individually and only used the mentioned sources and literature. Concurrently, I give my permission for this diploma/bachelor thesis to be used for study purposes. Prague, 29.03.10 Astrid Teigland 3 Contents Contents............................................................................................................................................4 Introduction ..................................................................................Chyba! Záložka není definována. DEFINITION AND DESCRIPTION..............................................................................................7 NATIONAL REGULATions concerning autopsies....................................................8 CAUSES OF DEATH - NORWAY VS. CZECH REPUBLIC...................................................11 DISCUSSION……………………………………………………………………………………..14 The value of the autopsy…………………………………………………………………………15 Are autopsies still necessary?........................................................................................................18 -
Two Generations of Scandinavian Legal Realists
62 RETFÆRD ÅRGANG 32 2009 NR. 1/124 Two Generations of Scandinavian Legal Realists CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Helsingin yliopiston digitaalinen arkisto JOHAN STRANG Johan Strang Abstract: The discussion on the implications of Scandinavian Legal Realism would benefit con- siderably from more careful historical attention to the different political and philosophical ambi- tions of the theoreticians that followed Axel Hägerström. The scholars, who were later gathered under the label Scandinavian Legal Realism, did not represent a static theoretical position that remained unchanged from the 1910s to the 1950s; rather, their aims and ambitions varied with changing political and philosophical circumstances. The purpose of this article is to propose a distinction between two generations of Scandinavian Legal Realists. While the goal of the first generation (Vilhelm Lundstedt and Karl Olivecrona) fell little short of revolutionising the field of jurisprudence, transforming law into a vehicle for political and social reform, one of the main objectives of the second generation (Alf Ross and Ingemar Hedenius) was to take the edge off the radicalism of their predecessors. Key Words: Scandinavian Legal Realism; politics, democracy; Uppsala philosophy; logical em- piricism; Alf Ross; Ingemar Hedenius If Scandinavian Legal Realism could be reduced to one basic tenet, the idea that the law is a social phenomenon ultimately relying only on the sanction of man himself would be one prominent candidate. This was a basic line of thought for the founder of the school, Axel Hägerström (1868-1939), as well as for his followers Vilhelm Lundstedt (1882-1955), Karl Olivecrona (1897-1980), Alf Ross (1899-1979) and Ingemar Hedenius (1908-1982). -
No. 1168 BELGIUM, DENMARK, FRANCE, IRELAND, ITALY
No. 1168 BELGIUM, DENMARK, FRANCE, IRELAND, ITALY, LUXEMBOURG, NETHERLANDS, NORWAY, SWEDEN and UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND Statute of the Council of Europe. Signed at London, on 5 May 1949 Official texts: English and French. Registered by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland on U April 1951. BELGIQUE, DANEMARK, FRANCE, IRLANDE, ITALIE, LUXEMBOURG, NORVÈGE, PAYS-BAS, ROYAUME-UNI DE GRANDE-BRETAGNE ET D'IRLANDE DU NORD et SUÈDE Statut du Conseil de l'Europe. Signé à Londres, le 5 mai 1949 Textes officiels anglais et fran ais. Enregistr par le Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d* Irlande du Nord le II avril 1951. 104 United Nations Treaty Series 1951 No. 1168. STATUTE1 OF THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE. SIGNED AT LONDON, ON 5 MAY 1949 The Governments of the Kingdom of Belgium, the Kingdom of Denmark, the French Republic, the Irish Republic, the Italian Republic, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the Kingdom of Norway, the Kingdom of Sweden and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland : Convinced that the pursuit of peace based upon justice and international co-operation is vital for the preservation of human society and civilisation; Reaffirming their devotion to the spiritual and moral values which are the common heritage of their peoples and the true source of individual freedom, political liberty and the rule of law, principles which form the basis of all genuine democracy; Believing that, for the maintenance and further realisation of these ideals and in -
Equity in the American Courts and in the World Court: Does the End Justify the Means?
EQUITY IN THE AMERICAN COURTS AND IN THE WORLD COURT: DOES THE END JUSTIFY THE MEANS? I. INTRODUCTION Equity, as a legal concept, has enjoyed sustained acceptance by lawyers throughout history. It has been present in the law of ancient civilizations' and continues to exist in modem legal systems.2 But equity is no longer a concept confined exclusively to local or national adjudication. Today, equity shows itself to be a vital part of international law.' The International Court of Justice--"the most visible, and perhaps hegemonic, tribunal in the sphere of public international law" 4-has made a significant contribution to the delimitation,5 development of equity. Particularly in cases involving maritime 6 equity has frequently been applied by the Court to adjudicate disputes. Equity is prominent in national legal systems and has become increas- ingly important in international law. It is useful, perhaps essential, for the international lawyer to have a proper understanding of it. Yet the meaning of equity remains elusive. "A lawyer asked to define 'equity' will not have an easy time of it; the defimition of equity, let alone the term's application in the field of international law, is notoriously uncertain, though its use is rife."7 Through a comparative analysis, this note seeks to provide a more precise understanding of the legal concept of equity as it relates to two distinct systems oflaw: the American and the international. To compare the equity administered by the American courts with that administered by the World Court, this note 1. See sources cited infra notes 10, 22. -
Federal Courts & What They Do
Federal Courts & What They Do Contents What Is a Court? 1 What Is a Federal Court? 2 What Kinds of Federal Courts Are There? 2 Map: Geographical Boundaries of U.S. Courts of Appeals and U.S. District Courts 3 Who Sets Up the Federal Court System? 4 What’s the Difference Between Civil Cases and Criminal Cases? 4 What Kinds of Cases Are Tried in State Courts? 5 What Kinds of Cases Are Tried in Federal Courts? 6 How Does a Case Come into a Federal Court? 7 Is There a Trial for Every Case? 8 Diagram: The Court Systems of the United States 9 May I Watch a Trial in Progress? 10 What Is the Purpose of the Trial? 10 Who Are the People in the Courtroom? 12 What Happens During a Trial? 15 What Happens After the Trial or Guilty Plea? 20 What Are Some of the Most Noteworthy Facts and Concepts You Should Remember About the Federal Courts? 24 Glossary 25 Federal Courts and What They Do elcome to the U.S. Courthouse. During your visit, you’ll see Wjudges and their staffs, jurors, lawyers, and people who are involved in court cases. This pamphlet answers some of the ques- tions visitors to the federal courts ask most often. It will help you understand what you see and hear in the courthouse. Of course, legal proceedings are often complex, and a pamphlet such as this may not answer all of your questions. In the back is a glossary of legal terms that you’ll find in this pamphlet. -
Norway Export & Import
NORWAY EXPORT & IMPORT In recent years, Norway has repeatedly been ranked as ‘the best country Import 2019 to live in’ by the United Nations Human Development Report. This annu- al ranking is based largely on average levels of education and income, Import to CR: 0.33 (EUR bil.) combined with life expectancy, but also factors such as human rights and Import comodities: machinery and transport equipment, miscellaneous cultural freedom. Norway is also rated high for its literacy rate, educational manufactured articles, food and live animals, crude materials except fuels levels and material wealth. In addition, Norway has one of the best welfare and mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials. systems in the world, making sure that people who are unemployed or un- able to work are given support so that they can lead dignified lives. Norway Table No. 1: The most important commodities of Czech imports also has one of the lowest crime rates in the world. in 2019 (SITC) Commodity Share EUR in % mil. Norway Macroeconomic Data 2019 Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials 29.3% 96.9 Population 5 433 684 Manufactured goods classified chiefly by material 23.5% 77.7 GDP 360 EUR Billion Food nad live animals 19.6% 64.9 GDP Growth rate 1.1 % Machinery and transport equipment 13.8% 45.7 Balance of trade 6,3 EUR Billion Chemicals and related products 9.4% 31.2 Inflation rate 2,1 % Miscellaneous manufactured articles 3.4% 11.3 Unemployment rate 3,7 % Crude materials, inedible, except fuels 0.8% 2.6 Policy Interest rate 0.8-1.5 % Animal and vegetable oils, fats and waxes 0.1% 0.4 Public dept to GDP 40,6 % Beverages and tobacco 0.0% 0.0 Index of Economic Freedom 28. -
The Swedish Economy Showed a Relatively Robust Performance in The
2.27. SWEDEN The Swedish economy showed a relatively robust performance in the first quarter of 2020, in spite of the COVID-19 pandemic triggering a sharp deterioration in economic activity from mid-March onwards. Real GDP grew 0.1% q-o-q in the first quarter, mainly due to positive net exports. Even though only some restrictions were put in place to counter the spread of the disease, both the demand and supply side of the economy took a hit. While the rather less restrictive measures helped cushion the immediate impact on the economy, particularly on domestically oriented branches, exporting industries experienced strong declines in output as cross-borders value chains were disrupted. Durable consumer goods, travel services and capital goods-producing sectors were particularly affected. Real GDP is expected to show a sharp fall in the second quarter of 2020, with a recovery following in the second half of the year. The uncertain outlook for demand and lower capacity utilisation should lead to a sharp decline in capital formation this year. Equipment investment is also expected to suffer, as it is the investment category that reacts most strongly to the business cycle. Private consumption decreases follow on from substantial job losses and uncertainty, as well as the impact of restrictions. The sharp fall in economic activity forecast in Sweden’s main trading partners is expected to translate into a large decline in exports. Economic growth is set to turn positive in 2021 as impediments slowly dissipate and the economies of major trading partners recover. A return to work should foster a bounce back in consumption growth in 2021.