Introduction: Why Taking Back Higher Education Matters Chapter 1 The
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Notes Introduction: Why Taking Back Higher Education Matters 1. For some sources that have addressed this theme, see Jeffrey C. Goldfarb, The Cynical Society: The Culture of Politics and the Politics of Culture in American Life (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991); Joseph N. Capella and Kathleen Hall Jamieson, Spiral of Cynicism: The Press and the Public Good (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997); Russell Jacoby, The End of Utopia (New York: Basic Books, 1999); William Chaloupka, Everybody Knows: Cynicism in America (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1999); Zygmunt Bauman, In Search of Politics (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999); Carl Boggs, The End of Politics: Corporate Power and the Decline of the Public Sphere (New York: Guilford Press, 2000); Henry A. Giroux, Public Spaces, Private Lives: Democracy Beyond 9-11 (Boulder, Colo.: Roman and Littlefield, 2003); Theda Skocpol, Diminished Democracy (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2003). 2. On this issue, see Roberto Mangabeira Unger and Cornel West, The Future of American Progressivism (Boston: Beacon Press, 1998). 3. Cited in Bob Herbert, “Education Is No Protection,” The New York Times (January 26, 2004), A27. Our italics. 4. Bob Herbert, “The Art of False Impression,” The New York Times (August 11, 2003), A17. 5. Senator Robert Byrd, “From Bad to Worse . Billions for War on Iraq, a Fraction for Poor Kids Education,” Senate floor remarks on September 5, 2003. Available on line at http://www.commondreams.org/views03/0906-09.htm. 6. W. E. B. Du Bois, Against Racism: Unpublished Essays, Papers, Addresses, 1887–1961, edited by Herbert Aptheker (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1985). 7. This issue is taken up by Stanley Aronowitz in The Knowledge Factory (Boston: Beacon Press, 2000). Chapter 1 The Post-9/11 University and the Project of Democracy 1. Ulrich Beck, The Reinvention of Politics: Rethinking Modernity in the Global Social Order. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 1997, p. 78. 288 Notes 2. Testimony of Attorney General John Ashcroft to the Senate Committee on the Judiciary. December 6, 2001. Available at: http://www.usdoj.gov/ag/testimony/ 2001/1206transcriptsenatejudiciarycommittee.htm. 3. This essay was written by Susan Searls Giroux; an earlier version of it appeared in JAC. 4. I’m borrowing the concept of “democratization” over “democracy” as the aim of progressive politics from Samir Amin in “Imperialism and Globalization,” Monthly Review (June 2001), 6–24. 5. Douglas Kellner, “Reading the Gulf War: Production, Text, Reception,” in Media Culture: Cultural Studies, Identity, and Politics between the Modern and the Postmodern (New York: Routledge, 1995), 199. 6. Ibid., 210. 7. Ibid., 218. 8. Ibid., 217. 9. Ibid., in The Castoriadis Reader, ed. David Ames Curtis (Malden, Mass: Blackwell, 1997), 220. 10. Ibid. 11. Castoriadis, Cornelius. “Done and To Be Done.” The Castoriadis Reader. Trans. and Ed. David Ames Curtis (Oxford, Eng.: Blackwell, 1997), 400. 12. Zygmunt Bauman, In Search of Politics (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999), 85. 13. Ibid., 86. 14. Ulrick Beck, The Reinvention of Politics: Rethinking Modernity in the Global Social Order, trans. Mark Ritter (Cambridge, Mass: Blackwell, 1997), 163. 15. Nick Couldry, “A Way Out of the (Televised) Endgame?” Open Democracy. http://www.opendemocracy.net/forum/document_details.asp?CatIDϭ 5&DocIDϭ712.p.1. 16. Ari Fleischer, cited in Purdum, Todd S., and Alison Mitchell. “Bush, Angered by Leaks, Duels with Congress.” The New York Times (October 10, 2001), A1ϩ. 17. Elizabeth Becker, “In the War on Terrorism, a Battle to Shape Public Opinion.” The New York Times (November 11, 2001), 11. 18. Couldry, 2. 19. Jerry L. Martin and Anne D. Neal, Defending Civilization: How Our Universities are Failing America and What Can Be Done About It. http://www.goacta.org/reportsframeset.htm.1. 20. Ibid., 1. 21. Ibid., 3. 22. Ibid., 8. 23. Ibid., Curtis White, “The New Censorship,” Harper’s Magazine (August 2003), 16. 24. Ibid., 7. Paul Street, in an article entitled, “By All Means, Study the Founders: Notes from the Democratic Left” elaborates in brilliant detail the ironies of this position. See his article in The Review of Education/Pedagogy/Cultural Studies 25: 4, forthcoming, Winter 2003. 25. Ibid., 7. 26. Cited by Martin and Neal, Ibid., 7. 27. Lynne Cheney, Telling the Truth: Why Our Culture and Our Country Stopped Making Sense and What We Can Do About It (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1995), 1. 28. Ibid., 1. Notes 289 29. Diane Ravitch, “Now is the Time to Teach Democracy,” Education Week (October 17, 2001), 48. 30. Ibid., 48. 31. Judith Butler, “Explanation and Exoneration, or What We Can Hear,” Theory and Event 5: 4 at http://muse.jhe.edu/journals/theory_and_event/v005/5/4butler. html.p.21. 32. Edward Rothstein, “Attacks on the U.S. Challenge the Perspectives of Postmodern True Believers” New York Times (September 22, 2001), A17. 33. Ibid. 34. Waller R. Newell, “Postmodern Jihad: What Osama bin Laden Learned from the Left,” The Weekly Standard Vol. 007. Issue 11 (November 26, 2001). Available at: http://www.weeklystandard.com/content/public/articles/000/000/ 000/553fragu.asp. 35. Ibid. 36. Daryn Kagan, Host, “People in the News: The American Taliban: John Walker.” Aired December 22, 2001. Transcript available at: http://www. cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0112/22/pitn.00.html. 37. Ibid. 38. Ibid. 39. Jay Bookman, “Ann Coulter Wants to Execute You,” The Atlanta Journal- Constitution (February 14, 2002), available on line: http://www.indybay.org/ news/2002/02/116560.php 40. Todd Gitlin, “Blaming America First,” Mother Jones (January/February 2002), 22. 41. Ibid. 42. Ibid., 24. 43. Robert McChesney, “Introduction” in Noam Chomsky, Profit Over People (New York: Seven Stories Press, 1999), 7. 44. Ibid., 9. 45. Bauman, In Search of Politics, 65–66. 46. Beck, The Reinvention of Politics, 83. 47. Castoriadis, “Democracy as Procedure and Democracy as Regime,” Constellations 4 (1997), 11. 48. Ibid. 49. Jacques Derrida, “Mochlos; or the Conflict of the Faculties,” in Logomachia: The Conflict of the Faculties, ed. Richard Rand (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1992), 3. 50. Cornelius Castoriadis, “The Greek Polis and the Creation of Democracy.” Philosophy, Politics, Autonomy: Essays in Political Philosophy. Ed. David Ames Curtis (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991), 113. 51. Ibid. 52. Cornelius Castoriadis, “Democracy,” 10. 53. Bauman, In Search of Politics, 86. 54. Ibid. 55. Curtis, “Translator’s Foreword” in Cornelius Castoriadis. The World in Fragments, ed. and trans. by David Ames Curtis (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1997), xi. 56. Bauman, In Search of Politics, 87. 57. Ibid. 58. Ibid., 65. 59. Ibid., 107. 290 Notes 60. Cornelius Castoriadis, “Done and To Be Done,” 407. 61. Bauman, In Search of Politics, 8. 62. See, for example, Ian Hunter’s Culture and Government: The Emergence of Literary Education (London: MacMillan, 1998), Tony Bennett’s Outside Literature (London and New York: Routledge, 1990) and his more recent Culture: A Reformer’s Science (London: Sage, 1998) for a notion of pedagogy that functions more or less exclusively within the logic of governmentality. 63. Bauman, In Search of Politics, 99. Bill Readings has made a similar argument. See his The University in Ruins (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1996). 64. See, for example, Bauman’s In Search of Politics (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999), Henry Giroux’s Public Spaces, Private Lives: Beyond the Culture of Cynicism (Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield, 2001), and Carl Boggs’s The End of Politics: Politics, Corporate Power and the Decline of the Public Sphere (New York: Gulford, 2000). 65. See Boggs’s The End of Politics. 66. See Stanley Aronowitz, The Knowledge Factory: Dismantling the Corporate University and Creating True Higher Learning (Boston: Beacon Press, 2000). 67. Les Terry, “Traveling ‘The Hard Road to Renewal’: A Continuing Conversation with Stuart Hall,” Arena Journal 8 (1997), 47. 68. See Pierre Bourdieu, “For a Scholarship with Commitment,” Profession (2000), 40–45. 69. Beck, The Reinvention of Politics, 83. 70. See Richard Rorty, “The Unpatriotic Academy,” originally published in The New York Times op ed section. The essay is reprinted in his Achieving Our Country: Leftist Thought in the Twentieth Century (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1998). 71. Raymond Williams, The Politics of Modernism: Against the New Conformists (New York: Verso, 1989), 175. 72. Burton Bledstein, The Culture of Professionalism: The Middle Class and the Development of Higher Education in America (New York: Norton, 1976), 327–28. 73. Bauman, In Search of Politics, 74. 74. Raymond Williams, Communications, rev. ed. (New York, Barnes & Noble, 1966), 15–16. Emphasis added. 75. Ibid., 15. 76. Ibid., 16. Chapter 2 Academic Culture, Intellectual Courage, and the Crisis of Politics in an Era of Permanent War 1. Pierre Bourdieu, “For a Scholarship with Commitment,” Profession 2000 (2000), 40. 2. Carol A. Stabile and Junya Morooka, “ ‘Between Two Evils, I Refuse to Choose the Lesser,’ ” Cultural Studies 17: 3 (2003), 326. 3. Bourdieu, 41. 4. Pierre Bourdieu et al., The Weight of the World, trans. Priscilla Parkhust Ferguson et al. (Stanford, Cal.: Stanford University Press, 1999, 1st ed. 1993), 629. Notes 291 5. Bourdieu, cited in Andrea Noll, “Counter-Fire—in Memoriam Pierre Bourdieu, July 20, 2003,” ZNet Commentary. Available on line: http://www.zmag.org/ sustainers/content/2003-07/15noll.cfm. 6. Cited by Bill Moyers on NOW, aired on May 14, 2003. 7. Cited in Robert Dreyfuss, “Grover Norquist: ‘Field Marshal’ of the Bush Plan,” The Nation (May 14, 2001). 8. Slavo Ziˇˇ zek, “Today Iraq. Tomorrow....Democracy?” In These Times (May 5, 2003), 28. 9. George Steinmetz, “The State of Emergency and the Revival of American Imperialism; Toward an Authoritarian Post-Fordism,” Public Culture 13:2 (Spring 2003), 329. 10. Dick Cheney cited in Sam Dillon, “Reflections on War, Peace, and How to Live Vitally and Act Globally,” The New York Times (June 1, 2003), 28.