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Complete Dissertation VU Research Portal Worldviews and the Transformation to Sustainable Societies Hedlund-de Witt, A. 2013 document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication in VU Research Portal citation for published version (APA) Hedlund-de Witt, A. (2013). Worldviews and the Transformation to Sustainable Societies: An exploration of the cultural and psychological dimensions of our global environmental chanllenges. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. E-mail address: [email protected] Download date: 04. Oct. 2021 to sustainable societies sustainable to and the transformation Worldviews Worldviews and the transformation to sustainable societies Worldviews and the transformation Worldviews and the transformation to sustainable societies addresses one of the most challenging questions of our time. Its unique vantage point is based on the recognition of the to sustainable societies crucial importance of worldviews vis-à-vis the urgently needed transformation to sustainable An exploration of the cultural and psychological societies. Its purpose is to contribute to such transformation, by generating insight into the nature and structure of worldviews in the contemporary West, and their interface with goals dimensions of our global environmental challenges and issues of sustainable development. This dissertation carefully argues why worldviews are understood to play a major role in addressing our complex sustainability issues from four different disciplinary perspectives: philosophy, psychology, sociology, and political science. It also elaborates on the author’s ‘research worldview,’ and contextualizes the chosen mixed methods research design therein. 7KHFRQFHSWRIZRUOGYLHZLVWKHQH[SORUHGLQWKHKLVWRU\RISKLORVRSK\LQRUGHUWRGHÀQHDQG operationalize it. Using quantitative and qualitative studies in combination with extensive literature reviews, the Integrative Worldview Framework (IWF) is developed. This framework RSHUDWLRQDOL]HVZRUOGYLHZVLQWRÀYHFRQVWLWXWLYHLQWHUUHODWHGDVSHFWV³RQWRORJ\HSLVWHPROR- J\D[LRORJ\DQWKURSRORJ\DQGVRFLHWDOYLVLRQ³DQGGLIIHUHQWLDWHVEHWZHHQIRXUPDMRULGH- al-typical worldviews, namely traditional, modern, postmodern, and integrative ones. Next to shedding light on these worldviews, this dissertation demonstrates that there are VLJQLÀFDQWGLIIHUHQFHVEHWZHHQWKHPLQWHUPVRIHQYLURQPHQWDODWWLWXGHVDQGVXVWDLQDEOH lifestyles. Notably, while the modern worldview is frequently associated with a stance of ‘technological optimism’ and generally less sustainable lifestyles, the postmodern and inte- grative worldviews tend to be related to a sense of connectedness with nature and more sus- tainable lifestyles. Several phenomena, such as the culture of contemporary spirituality, the recent emphasis on nature experience, and the emerging integrative worldview, appear to be of particular relevance for sustainability, and are therefore further explored and analyzed. Finally, the resulting insights are applied to sustainability policy and practice by arguing that the IWF has the potential to serve as: 1) a heuristic for psychological, cultural, and policy UHÁH[LYLW\ DQDQDO\WLFDOWRROIRUXQGHUVWDQGLQJZRUOGYLHZG\QDPLFVLQVRFLHW\DQG D Annick Hedlund-de Witt scaffolding for effective sustainability communications and solutions. This dissertation may thereby contribute to the important tasks of public communication, policy-making, and large- scale mobilization for addressing our urgent global environmental challenges. Annick Hedlund-de Witt, Ph.D., specializes in the relationship between worldviews and sustainable development, including social-cultural change, environmental behavior, commu- nication, and policy-making. Currently she is a post-doctoral fellow in the Biotechnology and Society section at the Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands. She holds an inter- disciplinary Master’s (Cum Laude) in the social and policy dimensions of the environmental sciences. She has published widely, ranging from popular columns and opinion-articles to academic research reports and articles in international journals, such as Ecological Economics, Environmental Ethics, the Journal of Environmental Psychology, and Worldviews. Annick Hedlund-de Witt Worldviews and the transformation to sustainable societies An exploration of the cultural and psychological dimensions of our global environmental challenges Annick Hedlund-de Witt Members of the thesis committee: Prof. dr. Karen O’Brien, University of Oslo Prof. dr. Colin Campbell, University of York Prof. dr. Klaas van Egmond, Universiteit Utrecht Prof. dr. Wouter Hanegraaff, Universiteit van Amsterdam Prof. dr. Frank Biermann, Vrije Universiteit This research was generously funded by PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (www.pbl.nl). Cover art by Raymond van Mil (www.raymondvanmil.nl). The image depicts the iris of a human eye, symbolizing the view wherein many possible different worlds are revealed: the earth seen from space; a painting representing a Tibetan Buddhist cosmology; an ancient Greek perspective embodied in the image of Atlas standing on the earth and holding the sky on his shoulders (to prevent the two from resuming their primordial embrace); ‘mother earth’ signified by a nature-Goddess in worship; a world dominated by money and material interests symbolized by the Great Seal of the United States as depicted on the one-dollar bill; a vision of planetary care as expressed in two hands lovingly holding the earth; a geocentric view on the earth; the earth in indigenous Mayan art; a visionary painting of the living Gaia or world-soul; an apocalyptic perspective envisaged as an earth on fire, et cetera. The image aims to colorfully and artistically convey the richness and diversity of how humans interpret, enact, and co-create the world. Copyright © Annick Hedlund-de Witt, 2013, All Rights Reserved. ii VRIJE UNIVERSITEIT Worldviews and the transformation to sustainable societies An exploration of the cultural and psychological dimensions of our global environmental challenges ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad Doctor aan de Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, op gezag van de rector magnificus prof.dr. F.A. van der Duyn Schouten, in het openbaar te verdedigen ten overstaan van de promotiecommissie van de Faculteit der Aard- en Levenswetenschappen op maandag 30 september 2013 om 15.45 uur in de aula van de universiteit, De Boelelaan 1105 door Annick Hedlund-de Witt geboren te Nijmegen iii promotoren: prof.dr. J.J. Boersema prof.dr. A.C. Petersen copromotor: dr. J. de Boer iv Contents Chapters published in academic journals and books xi Acknowledgements xiii List of tables and figures xviii List of used abbreviations xix 1 Introduction: Worldviews and the transformation to sustainable societies 1 1.1 Worldview: A concept whose time has come 2 1.2 Why worldviews are essential in the transformation to sustainable societies 5 1.2.1 A philosophical perspective 6 1.2.2 A psychological perspective 8 1.2.3 A sociological perspective 11 1.2.4 A political science perspective 15 1.3 Philosophical foundations and discussion of key terms 18 1.3.1 Worldviews and the research worldview guiding this dissertation 18 1.3.2 Sustainable development, the idea of growth, and quality of life 25 1.3.3 Environmental attitudes and sustainable lifestyles 31 1.3.4 Contemporary spirituality 32 1.3.5 Multiple uses of the term ‘integrative’ 34 1.4 Focus and scope of this study: Research aim and questions 37 1.4.1 Understanding the nature of worldviews 37 1.4.2 Empirically investigating the structure of worldviews 38 1.4.3 Exploring various worldviews and their relevance for sustainable development 38 1.4.4 Deepening insight into worldviews with particular potentials for sustainable development 39 1.4.5 Applying insights into worldviews to sustainability policy and practice 40 1.4.6 Summing up: The research questions 41 1.5 An integrative, mixed-methods approach 42 1.5.1 A concise history of mixed methods as new research worldview 42 1.5.2 A mixed models design 45 1.6 Reading guide and outline 46 2 Worldviews and their significance for the global sustainable development debate: A philosophical exploration of the evolution of a concept 51 2.1 Introduction 52 2.2 Methodology and justification 53 2.3 The philosophical exploration of the evolution of a concept 55 2.3.1 The birth of the Kosmos in Greece 55 2.3.2 Kant and his introduction of ‘Weltanschauung’ 58 2.3.3 Goethe’s ‘Lebenswelt’ 62 2.3.4 Hegel’s ‘Zeitgeist’ 64 2.3.5 Nietzsche’s perspectivism 65 2.3.6 Heidegger and ‘die Zeit des Weltbildes’ 68 2.3.7 Contemporary currents: High postmodernism and beyond 70 2.4 Summary and discussion 74 2.5 Conclusion and implications 77 2.5.1 Founding the Integrative Worldview Framework (IWF) 77 2.5.2 Reflexivity, creativity, responsibility, and
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