Towards a Unified Paradigm for Sequencebased Identification of Fungi
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The Phylogenetic Relationships of Torrendiella and Hymenotorrendiella Gen
Phytotaxa 177 (1): 001–025 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.177.1.1 The phylogenetic relationships of Torrendiella and Hymenotorrendiella gen. nov. within the Leotiomycetes PETER R. JOHNSTON1, DUCKCHUL PARK1, HANS-OTTO BARAL2, RICARDO GALÁN3, GONZALO PLATAS4 & RAÚL TENA5 1Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand. 2Blaihofstraße 42, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany. 3Dpto. de Ciencias de la Vida, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Alcalá, P.O.B. 20, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain. 4Fundación MEDINA, Microbiología, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain. 5C/– Arreñales del Portillo B, 21, 1º D, 44003, Teruel, Spain. Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Morphological and phylogenetic data are used to revise the genus Torrendiella. The type species, described from Europe, is retained within the Rutstroemiaceae. However, Torrendiella species reported from Australasia, southern South America and China were found to be phylogenetically distinct and have been recombined in the newly proposed genus Hymenotorrendiel- la. The Hymenotorrendiella species are distinguished morphologically from Rutstroemia in having a Hymenoscyphus-type rather than Sclerotinia-type ascus apex. Zoellneria, linked taxonomically to Torrendiella in the past, is genetically distinct and a synonym of Chaetomella. Keywords: ascus apex, phylogeny, taxonomy, Hymenoscyphus, Rutstroemiaceae, Sclerotiniaceae, Zoellneria, Chaetomella Introduction Torrendiella was described by Boudier and Torrend (1911), based on T. ciliata Boudier in Boudier and Torrend (1911: 133), a species reported from leaves, and more rarely twigs, of Rubus, Quercus and Laurus from Spain, Portugal and the United Kingdom (Graddon 1979; Spooner 1987; Galán et al. -
Hymenoscyphus Fraxineus
Hymenoscyphus fraxineus Synonyms: Chalara fraxinea Kowalski (anamorph), Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus (teleomorph). Common Name(s) Ash dieback, ash decline Type of Pest Fungal pathogen Taxonomic Position Class: Leotiomycetes, Order: Helotiales, Family: Helotiaceae Reason for Inclusion in Figure 1. Mature Fraxinus excelsior showing Manual extensive shoot, twig, and branch dieback. CAPS Target: AHP Prioritized Epicormic shoot formation is also present. Photo Pest List – 2010-2016 credit: Andrin Gross. Background An extensive dieback of ash (Fig. 1) was observed from 1996 to 2006 in Lithuania and Poland. Trees were dying in all age classes, irrespective of site conditions and regeneration conditions. A fungus, described as a new species Chalara fraxinea, was isolated from shoots and some roots (Kowalski, 2006). The fungal pathogen varied from other species of Chalara by its small, short cylindrical conidia extruded in chains or in slimy droplets, morphological features of the phialophores, and by colony characteristics. Initial taxonomic studies concerning Chalara fraxinea established that its perfect state was the ascomycete Hymenoscyphus albidus (Gillet) W. Phillips, a fungus that has been known from Europe since 1851. Kowalski and Holdenrieder (2009b) provide a description and photographs of the teleomorphic state, Hymenoscyphus albidus. A molecular taxonomic study of Hymenoscyphus albidus indicated that there was significant evidence for the existence of two morphologically very similar taxa, H. albidus, and a new species, Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus (Queloz et al., 2010). Furthermore, studies suggested that H. albidus was likely a non-pathogenic species, whereas H. pseudoalbidus was the virulent species responsible for the current ash dieback epidemic in Europe (Queloz et al., 2010). A survey in Denmark showed that expansion of H. -
Taxonomic Study of Lambertella (Rutstroemiaceae, Helotiales) and Allied Substratal Stroma Forming Fungi from Japan
Taxonomic Study of Lambertella (Rutstroemiaceae, Helotiales) and Allied Substratal Stroma Forming Fungi from Japan 著者 趙 彦傑 内容記述 この博士論文は全文公表に適さないやむを得ない事 由があり要約のみを公表していましたが、解消した ため、2017年8月23日に全文を公表しました。 year 2014 その他のタイトル 日本産Lambertella属および基質性子座を形成する 類縁属の分類学的研究 学位授与大学 筑波大学 (University of Tsukuba) 学位授与年度 2013 報告番号 12102甲第6938号 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2241/00123740 Taxonomic Study of Lambertella (Rutstroemiaceae, Helotiales) and Allied Substratal Stroma Forming Fungi from Japan A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, the University of Tsukuba in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Agricultural Science (Doctoral Program in Biosphere Resource Science and Technology) Yan-Jie ZHAO Contents Chapter 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1–1 The genus Lambertella in Rutstroemiaceae .................................................................... 1 1–2 Taxonomic problems of Lambertella .............................................................................. 5 1–3 Allied genera of Lambertella ........................................................................................... 7 1–4 Objectives of the present research ................................................................................. 12 Chapter 2 Materials and Methods ............................................................................................ 17 2–1 Collection and isolation -
Virulence of Hymenoscyphus Albidus and H
Research Collection Journal Article Virulence of Hymenoscyphus albidus and H. fraxineus on Fraxinus excelsior and F. pennsylvanica Author(s): Kowalski, Tadeusz; Bilanski, Piotr; Holdenrieder, Ottmar Publication Date: 2015-10-30 Permanent Link: https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000106818 Originally published in: PLoS ONE 10(10), http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0141592 Rights / License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International This page was generated automatically upon download from the ETH Zurich Research Collection. For more information please consult the Terms of use. ETH Library RESEARCH ARTICLE Virulence of Hymenoscyphus albidus and H. fraxineus on Fraxinus excelsior and F. pennsylvanica Tadeusz Kowalski1, Piotr Bilański2, Ottmar Holdenrieder3* 1 Department of Forest Pathology, Mycology and Tree Physiology, University of Agriculture, Cracow, Poland, 2 Department of Forest Protection, Forest Entomology and Climatology, University of Agriculture, Cracow, Poland, 3 Forest Pathology and Dendrology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland * [email protected] Abstract European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) is currently battling an onslaught of ash dieback, a dis- ease emerging in the greater part of its native area, brought about by the introduction of the ascomycete Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (= Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus). The closely- related fungus Hymenoscyphus albidus, which is indigenous to Europe, is non-pathogenic OPEN ACCESS when in contact with F. excelsior, but could pose a potential risk to exotic Fraxinus species. The North American green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) is planted widely throughout Citation: Kowalski T, Bilański P, Holdenrieder O (2015) Virulence of Hymenoscyphus albidus and Europe and regenerates naturally within this environment but little is known about the sus- H. -
AR TICLE Lessons Learned from Moving to One
IMA FUNGUS · VOLUME 5 · A%/BB$DE./%F/B/%%/ [ ARTICLE #G <HH=K<L#9#G<%/5//O#&O&H./P/BK<#S9A#GT & ! With the changes implemented in the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants, fungi "#$ &[#[ Clonostachys * Nomenclature *6*[ V [&* V= !U * &&[ K !*+ (AEE*E)#Clonostachys <APH./%FS#A.5H./%FSVA%8X./%F INTRODUCTION [ # With the changes implemented in the International Code #*& of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants (ICN; McNeill [6 et al. 2012), fungi may no longer have more than one Chalara [!" that “…for a taxon of non- fraxinea 7 et al .//8 9 lichen-forming Ascomycota and Basidiomycota… [all names] *&<* compete for priority” regardless of their particular morph & [ Hymenoscyphus #$%#&only albidus [ H. pseudoalbidus (Queloz & !" [ et al. ./%%# [ * '& * & * ' !" principle of priority does not contribute to the nomenclatural [Chalara stability of fungi, thus exceptions can and should be made to fraxinea .//8 H. pseudoalbidus 2011, must become '[ #[ species? in Hypocreales (Rossman et al. 2013) and Leotiomycetes + (Johnston et al. 2014), I have noticed a number of issues, * * !" species of Chalara is C. fusidioides + Hymenoscyphus is H. fructigenus= [!"[ of these type species, one sees that C. fusidioides and H. The Code Decoded: a user’s guide to fructigenus the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and presented by Réblová et al. ./%% plants./%5&!" in one genus, then most Leotiomycetes [ Chalara and Hymenoscyphus ' [ sexual state and others for one or more asexual states, one 6>@et al. (2012) © 2014 International Mycological Association You are free to share - to copy, distribute and transmit the work, under the following conditions: Attribution: [ Non-commercial: No derivative works: For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work, which can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/legalcode. -
Hymenoscyphus Fraxineus, the Correct Scientific Name for the Fungus
IMA FUNGUS · VOLUME 5 · NO 1: 79–80 doi:10.5598/imafungus.2014.05.01.09 Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, the correct scientific name for the fungus causing ARTICLE ash dieback in Europe Hans-Otto Baral1, Valentin Queloz2, and Tsuyoshi Hosoya3 1Blaihofstraße 42, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany; corresponding author e-mail: [email protected] 2Forest Pathology and Dendrology, Institute of Integrative Biology (IBZ), ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland 3Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0005, Japan Abstract: Under the rules for the naming of fungi with pleomorphic life-cycles adopted in July Key words: 2011, the nomenclaturally correct name for the fungus causing the current ash dieback in Europe is Chalara fraxinea determined to be Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, with the basionym Chalara fraxinea, and Hymenoscyphus Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus pseudoalbidus as a taxonomic synonym of H. fraxineus. Pleomorphic fungi Article info: Submitted: 21 May 2014; Accepted: 21 May 2014; Published: 23 May 2014. INTRODUCTION the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN) (McNeill et al. 2012). Determining the A serious disease of European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) scientific name is based on the principle of priority, with was first detected in about 1995, and later described as some safeguards for protecting well-established names. At Chalara fraxinea from Poland (Kowalski et al. 2006), a the times when the asexual morph name Chalara fraxinea, spermatial morph that has since been recorded from various and the sexual morph name Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus, European countries (Gross et al. 2014). A few years after were described, separate scientific names for the different C. -
Detection of a Conspecific Mycovirus in Two Closely Related Native And
viruses Article Detection of a Conspecific Mycovirus in Two Closely Related Native and Introduced Fungal Hosts and Evidence for Interspecific Virus Transmission Corine N. Schoebel *, Simone Prospero , Andrin Gross and Daniel Rigling Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; [email protected] (S.P.); [email protected] (A.G.); [email protected] (D.R.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +41-44-739-25-28 Received: 24 October 2018; Accepted: 10 November 2018; Published: 13 November 2018 Abstract: Hymenoscyphus albidus is a native fungus in Europe where it behaves as a harmless decomposer of leaves of common ash. Its close relative Hymenoscyphus fraxineus was introduced into Europe from Asia and currently threatens ash (Fraxinus sp.) stands all across the continent causing ash dieback. H. fraxineus isolates from Europe were previously shown to harbor a mycovirus named Hymenoscyphus fraxineus Mitovirus 1 (HfMV1). In the present study, we describe a conspecific mycovirus that we detected in H. albidus. HfMV1 was consistently identified in H. albidus isolates (mean prevalence: 49.3%) which were collected in the sampling areas before the arrival of ash dieback. HfMV1 strains in both fungal hosts contain a single ORF of identical length (717 AA) for which a mean pairwise identity of 94.5% was revealed. The occurrence of a conspecific mitovirus in H. albidus and H. fraxineus is most likely the result of parallel virus evolution in the two fungal hosts. HfMV1 sequences from H. albidus showed a higher nucleotide diversity and a higher number of mutations compared to those from H. -
Virulence of Hymenoscyphus Albidus and H. Fraxineus on Fraxinus Excelsior and F
RESEARCH ARTICLE Virulence of Hymenoscyphus albidus and H. fraxineus on Fraxinus excelsior and F. pennsylvanica Tadeusz Kowalski1, Piotr Bilański2, Ottmar Holdenrieder3* 1 Department of Forest Pathology, Mycology and Tree Physiology, University of Agriculture, Cracow, Poland, 2 Department of Forest Protection, Forest Entomology and Climatology, University of Agriculture, Cracow, Poland, 3 Forest Pathology and Dendrology, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland * [email protected] Abstract European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) is currently battling an onslaught of ash dieback, a dis- ease emerging in the greater part of its native area, brought about by the introduction of the ascomycete Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (= Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus). The closely- related fungus Hymenoscyphus albidus, which is indigenous to Europe, is non-pathogenic OPEN ACCESS when in contact with F. excelsior, but could pose a potential risk to exotic Fraxinus species. The North American green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) is planted widely throughout Citation: Kowalski T, Bilański P, Holdenrieder O (2015) Virulence of Hymenoscyphus albidus and Europe and regenerates naturally within this environment but little is known about the sus- H. fraxineus on Fraxinus excelsior and ceptibility of this species to ash dieback. We performed wound inoculations with both fungi F pennsylvanica . PLoS ONE 10(10): e0141592. (nine strains of H. fraxineus and three strains of H. albidus) on rachises and stems of F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0141592 excelsior and F. pennsylvanica under field conditions in Southern Poland. Necrosis forma- Editor: Simon Shamoun, Natural Resources tion was evaluated after two months on the rachises and after 12 months on the stems. Canada, CANADA After inoculation of H. -
<I>Hymenoscyphus Pseudoalbidus</I>
ISSN (print) 0093-4666 © 2012. Mycotaxon, Ltd. ISSN (online) 2154-8889 MYCOTAXON http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/122.25 Volume 122, pp. 25–41 October–December 2012 Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus, the correct name for Lambertella albida reported from Japan Yan-Jie Zhao1*, Tsuyoshi Hosoya2, Hans-Otto Baral3, Kentaro Hosaka2 & Makoto Kakishima1 1 Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Tsukuba University, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0821, Japan 2 Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0005, Japan 3 Blaihofstr. 42, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany * Correspondence to: [email protected] Abstract — Recent molecular analyses separate Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus (causal agent of ash dieback in Europe) from the morphologically scarcely distinguishable H. albidus. Hymenoscyphus albidus was reported (as “Lambertella albida”) on petioles of Fraxinus mandshurica in Japan. Phylogenetic analysis in the present study shows Japanese “L. albida” to be conspecific with H. pseudoalbidus but with a higher genetic variability compared to European isolates. The presence of croziers at the ascus base was found to be a clear distinguishing character of H. pseudoalbidus. Our phylogenetic analysis of the combined ITS and LSU-D1/D2 dataset supports Hymenoscyphus as more appropriate than Lambertella for H. pseudoalbidus. As the Hymenoscyphus clade includes members with two major characters (presence of substratal stroma and brown ascospores) currently used to circumscribe Lambertella, the generic delimitation of Lambertella requires redefinition. Key words — Chalara fraxinea, Helotiaceae, Rutstroemiaceae Introduction Ash dieback, an emerging infectious disease of common ash (Fraxinus excelsior), has reached epidemic levels in Central Europe during the last two decades (Bakys et al. -
New Records from Lithuania of Fungi Alien to Europe
MYCOTAXON ISSN (print) 0093-4666 (online) 2154-8889 © 2016. Mycotaxon, Ltd. January–March 2016—Volume 131, pp. 49–60 http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/131.49 New records from Lithuania of fungi alien to Europe Jurga Motiejūnaitė1*, Ernestas Kutorga2, Jonas Kasparavičius1, Vaidotas Lygis1 & Goda Norkutė1 1 Institute of Botany of Nature Research Centre, Žaliųjų Ežerų Str. 49, Vilnius, LT-08406 Lithuania 2 Department of Botany and Genetics, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Av. 7, Vilnius, LT-10222 Lithuania * Correspondence to: [email protected] Abstract — First records from Lithuania of the ascomycete Ophiostoma novo-ulmi and basidiomycetes Clathrus archeri, Leucocoprinus cepistipes, and Stropharia rugosoannulata are presented. All four species are alien to Europe and two, C. archeri and S. rugosoannulata, have never been recorded in the eastern part of the Baltic Sea region before. Also, a reassessment of the status in Lithuania of the alien pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus and its close relative, the non-pathogenic H. albidus indigenous to Europe, indicates that only H. fraxineus occurs in Lithuania. Descriptions of the examined fungi are presented, and remarks on their habitats and distribution are provided. Key words — anthropogenic habitats, distribution, invasive species, non-native fungi, saprobes Introduction Precise data on diversity and distribution of fungi, their geographical ranges, and habitat requirements are often lacking even for comparatively well- studied regions. Fragmentary baseline knowledge of fungal taxonomy, ecology, and geographical distribution is probably one reason why research on alien organisms and their effect on ecosystems has so far paid insufficient attention to fungi (Pyšek et al. 2008), with the exception of some invasive pathogenic species that cause conspicuous damage to vegetation or wildlife (Desprez- Loustau et al. -
Hymenoscyphus Fraxineus
Elfstrand et al. BMC Genomics (2021) 22:503 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-021-07837-2 RESEARCH Open Access Comparative analyses of the Hymenoscyphus fraxineus and Hymenoscyphus albidus genomes reveals potentially adaptive differences in secondary metabolite and transposable element repertoires Malin Elfstrand1*, Jun Chen1,4, Michelle Cleary2, Sandra Halecker3, Katarina Ihrmark1, Magnus Karlsson1, Kateryna Davydenko1,5, Jan Stenlid1, Marc Stadler3 and Mikael Brandström Durling1 Abstract Background: The dieback epidemic decimating common ash (Fraxinus excelsior) in Europe is caused by the invasive fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. In this study we analyzed the genomes of H. fraxineus and H. albidus, its native but, now essentially displaced, non-pathogenic sister species, and compared them with several other members of Helotiales. The focus of the analyses was to identify signals in the genome that may explain the rapid establishment of H. fraxineus and displacement of H. albidus. Results: The genomes of H. fraxineus and H. albidus showed a high level of synteny and identity. The assembly of H. fraxineus is 13 Mb longer than that of H. albidus’, most of this difference can be attributed to higher dispersed repeat content (i.e. transposable elements [TEs]) in H. fraxineus. In general, TE families in H. fraxineus showed more signals of repeat-induced point mutations (RIP) than in H. albidus, especially in Long-terminal repeat (LTR)/Copia and LTR/Gypsy elements. Comparing gene family expansions and 1:1 orthologs, relatively few genes show signs of positive selection between species. However, several of those did appeared to be associated with secondary metabolite genes families, including gene families containing two of the genes in the H. -
Hymenoscyphus Pseudoalbidus, the Causal Agent of European Ash Dieback
bs_bs_banner MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY (2014) 15(1), 5–21 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12073 Pathogen profile Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus, the causal agent of European ash dieback ANDRIN GROSS*, OTTMAR HOLDENRIEDER, MARCO PAUTASSO, VALENTIN QUELOZ AND THOMAS NIKLAUS SIEBER Forest Pathology and Dendrology, Institute of Integrative Biology (IBZ), ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland north-eastern Poland. Currently, a large part of the native distri- SUMMARY bution area of F. excelsior is affected by this potentially lethal The ascomycete Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus (anamorph disease (Pautasso et al., 2013). The causal agent was detected by Chalara fraxinea) causes a lethal disease known as ash dieback on Kowalski (2001) and later described as a new mitosporic ascomy- Fraxinus excelsior and Fraxinus angustifolia in Europe. The patho- cete, Chalara fraxinea (Kowalski, 2006). The sexual stage was gen was probably introduced from East Asia and the disease initially morphologically assigned to Hymenoscyphus albidus,a emerged in Poland in the early 1990s; the subsequent epidemic is widespread discomycete indigenous to Europe (Kowalski and spreading to the entire native distribution range of the host trees. Holdenrieder, 2009b). However, based on molecular data, Queloz This pathogen profile represents a comprehensive review of the et al. (2011) recognized the pathogen as a new cryptic species state of research from the discovery of the pathogen and points and named its teleomorph Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus. out knowledge gaps and research needs. Recently, morphological and genetic studies have revealed that Taxonomy: Members of the genus Hymenoscyphus H. pseudoalbidus is a pathogen introduced to Europe and most (Helotiales, Leotiomycetidae, Leotiomycetes, Ascomycota) are probably originates from East Asia (Zhao et al., 2012).