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Forum „Fischschutz Und Fischabstieg“ Arbeitshilfe Zur Standörtlichen

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Forum „Fischschutz Und Fischabstieg“ Arbeitshilfe Zur Standörtlichen Gefördert durch: Umweltforschungsplan des Bundesministeriums für Umwelt, Naturschutz, Bau und Reaktorsicherheit Forum „Fischschutz und Fischabstieg“ Arbeitshilfe zur standörtlichen Evaluierung des Fischschutzes und Fischabstieges Von Arbeitsgemeinschaft Wolfgang Schmalz FLUSS, Breitenbach/Deutschland Falko Wagner IGF, Jena/Deutschland Damien Sonny Profish, Naninne/Belgien Im Auftrag des Ecologic Institutes gemeinnützige GmbH März 2015 Autoren: SCHMALZ, Wolfgang Dipl.-Biol., FLUSS (Fischökologische und Limnologische Untersu- chungsStelle Südthüringen); Vertreter der Bietergemeinschaft WAGNER, Falko Dr. rer. nat., IGF (Institut für Gewässerökologie & Fischereibiologie Jena) SONNY, Damien Dr. rer. nat., Profish (ProFish Technology SA) unter Mitarbeit von: EBEL, Guntram Dr. rer. agr., BGF (Büro für Gewässerökologie und Fischereibiologie) HÜBNER, Dirk Dr. rer. nat., BFS (Büro für Fisch- und Gewässerökologische Studien) LINDIG, Andreas Dipl.-Biol., IGF (Institut für Gewässerökologie & Fischereibiologie Jena) SCHMALZ, Maria Dipl.-Biol., IWSÖ GmbH (Institut für Wasserwirtschaft Siedlungswas- serbau und Ökologie, Hydrolabor Schleusingen) SCHNEIDER, Jörg Dr. rer. nat., BFS (Büro für Fisch- und Gewässerökologische Studien) Für die fachliche Unterstützung wird gedankt: Forum Fischschutz und der Mitglieder der Lenkungsgruppe siehe http://forum- Lenkungsgruppe des Forums fischschutz.de/lenkungsgruppe HAAS, Christian Dipl.-Ing., I AM HYDRO, Haas & Thumser GbR HASSINGER, Reinhard Dr.-Ing., Universität Kassel, Versuchsanstalt und Prüfstelle für Umwelt- technik und Wasserbau Fachbereich Bauingenieur- und Umweltingeni- eurwesen KEMPER, Melanie MA, Dipl.-Ing., Ecologic Institut, Wissensmanagement LECOUR, Christine Dipl.-Biol., Nds. Landesamt für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsi- cherheit (LAVES), Dez 34 - Binnenfischerei - Fischereikundlicher Dienst des Landes Niedersachsen LINDE, Piet Dipl.-Biol., Bayerisches Landesamt für Umwelt, Referat 57 "Fisch- und Gewässerökologie" NAUMANN, STEPHAN Dipl.-Geogr., Umweltbundesamt, Fachgebiet II 2.4 Binnengewässer SCHMIDT, Marc Dr. rer. nat., LFV Hydroakustik GmbH SCHÜTZ, Cornelia Dr. rer. nat., Bundesanstalt für Gewässerkunde, Referat U4 Tierökolo- gie, Aufgabenbereich "Ökologische Durchgängigkeit" STEIN, ULF Dr.-Ing., Ecologic Institut, Koordinator der Aktivitäten im Bereich Was- serforschung VARGOVÁ, Beáta MA, Ecologic Institut, Visual Designer WEIBEL, Uwe Dipl.-Biol., IUS (Institut für Umweltstudien-IUS Weibel & Ness GmbH) WÜST, Steffen Dipl.-Geoök., IUS (Institut für Umweltstudien-IUS Weibel & Ness GmbH) Arbeitshilfe zur standörtlichen Evaluierung des Fischschutzes und Fischabstieges Kurzbeschreibung Die vorliegende Arbeitshilfe hat den Anspruch die methodischen Grundlagen für vergleichbare und aussagekräftige Untersuchungen und Bewertungen von Fischschutz- und Fischabstiegsanlagen zu standardisieren. Schwerpunkt ist die standortbezogene Durchgängigkeit für stromabwärts wandern- de Fische. Es werden Grundlagen für eine objektive Evaluierung der Schädigung von Fischen und der Effizienz von Fischschutz- und Fischabstiegsanlagen bereitgestellt. Die erarbeiteten Planungs-, Untersuchungs- und Auswertungsabläufe sollen aussagefähige Untersuchungen mit reproduzierba- ren Ergebnissen ermöglichen, um den wissenschaftlichen Kenntnisstand zu verbessern und standört- liche Lösungen zu optimieren. Teil 1 der Arbeitshilfe enthält generelle Empfehlungen zur Planung und zur Durchführung standört- licher Untersuchungen sowie Anleitungen zur abschließenden Datenauswertung. Diese Grundlage soll die Wahl der zielführenden Untersuchungsmethodik, der notwendigen Untersuchungszeiten und geeigneten Zielarten erleichtern und eine zukünftige Vereinheitlichung der methodischen Ansätze fördern. Als quantitative Grundlage der Evaluierung des Fischschutzes und Fischabstieges werden 22 Zielparameter vorgegeben und erläutert. In Teil 2 erfolgt die Beschreibung eines breiten Spektrums der für die Evaluierung des Fischschutzes und Fischabstieges in Frage kommenden Methoden. Ziel ist es, deren Einsatzmöglichkeiten im Kon- text konkreter Fragestellungen bei standörtlichen Untersuchungen, die methodischen Stärken und Schwächen sowie die Eignung zur Quantifizierung der in Teil 1 vorgegeben Zielparameter aufzuzei- gen. Abstract This manual focuses on the site specific evaluation of the efficiency of fish protection and bypass systems. Standardised evaluation principles are given to promote significant, comparable studies. This manual constitutes a frame work for an objective evaluation process. The developed planning, investigation and evaluation processes provide a base for consistent study results to improve the scientific knowledge and to optimise effective site specific solutions. Part 1 of the manual focuses on the preparation and application of the field work and the final data analysis. The aim is to simplify the selection of appropriate sampling methods, sampling time and target fishes (species and development stage) to facilitate comparative studies. 22 target parameters are given as quantitative base for an evaluation of fish protection and bypass systems. Part 2 gives a broad overview over appropriate methods for field studies. The aim is to show the method specific fields of application in the evaluation process, the pros and cons for the method use and the suitability for quantifying the provided evaluation parameters. 4 Arbeitshilfe zur standörtlichen Evaluierung des Fischschutzes und Fischabstieges Inhaltsverzeichnis Abbildungsverzeichnis ................................................................................................................... 15 Tabellenverzeichnis ....................................................................................................................... 19 Symbolverzeichnis ......................................................................................................................... 20 Glossar ........................................................................................................................................... 23 Teil 1 - Generelles Prinzip ......................................................................... 33 1 Einleitung .............................................................................................................................. 34 1.1 Veranlassung .......................................................................................................... 34 1.2 Problemstellung und Ziele ...................................................................................... 35 2 Fachliche Grundlagen ........................................................................................................... 38 2.1 Schädigungsrisiken für Fische an typischen Korridorkomponenten ....................... 38 2.2 Ökologische Wirkungsebenen von Standorteffekten auf die Fischfauna................ 41 2.3 Wanderkorridore ..................................................................................................... 45 2.4 Raumbezogene Betrachtung der Auswirkung von Standorten mit Wassernutzung auf den Fischabstieg ..................................................................... 47 2.4.1 Untersuchungsräume ......................................................................................... 47 2.4.2 Standort .............................................................................................................. 50 2.4.3 Hauptkorridor ...................................................................................................... 50 2.4.4 Subkorridor ......................................................................................................... 50 2.4.5 Korridorkomponente ........................................................................................... 50 2.5 Fischschutz und Fischabstieg ................................................................................. 51 3 Grundlegende Aspekte der Evaluierung des Fischschutzes und Fischabstieges ................. 53 3.1 Zielstellung .............................................................................................................. 53 3.2 Allgemeine Anforderungen an die Evaluierung ...................................................... 53 3.2.1 Anforderungen an Untersuchungsdesign, Untersuchungsdurchführung und Ergebnisdarstellung .................................................................................... 53 3.2.2 Anforderungen an die Bearbeiterinnen und Bearbeiter ...................................... 54 4 Vorbereitung der standörtlichen Evaluierung des Fischschutzes und Fischabstieges ......... 56 4.1 Festlegung der Evaluierungsziele ........................................................................... 56 4.2 Ableitung des Konzeptes der biologischen Fischabstiegsuntersuchung ................ 56 4.3 Genehmigungen und Behördenabstimmung .......................................................... 67 5 Durchführung der standörtlichen Evaluierung des Fischschutzes und Fischabstieges ........ 68 5.1 Technisch-hydraulische Charakterisierung des Standortes ................................... 68 5.1.1 Zielstellung der technisch-hydraulischen Charakterisierung .............................. 68 5.1.2 Räumliche Standortcharakterisierung ................................................................ 68 5 Arbeitshilfe zur standörtlichen Evaluierung des Fischschutzes und Fischabstieges 5.1.3 Allgemeine hydrologische Standortcharakterisierung ......................................... 68 5.1.4 Abflussaufteilung am Standort auf Einzelkorridore
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