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MASARYK UNIVERSITY BRNO FACULTY of EDUCATION Department of English Language and Literature MASARYK UNIVERSITY BRNO FACULTY OF EDUCATION Department of English Language and Literature The Beatles in the Context of the Hippie Movement Bachelor Thesis Brno 2017 Supervisor: Mgr. Lucie Podroužková, Ph.D. Author: Zita Biberlová Declaration I hereby declare that I worked on my thesis independently, using only the sources listed in the bibliography. I agree with storing of this work in the library of the Faculty of Education at the Masaryk University Brno and making it accessible for study purposes. Prohlášení Prohlašuji, že jsem závěrečnou bakalářskou práci vypracovala samostatně, s využitím pouze citovaných pramenů, dalších informací a zdrojů v souladu s Disciplinárním řádem pro studenty Pedagogické fakulty Masarykovy univerzity a se zákonem č. 121/2000 Sb., o právu autorském, o právechsouvisejících s právem autorským a o změně některých zákonů (autorský zákon), ve znění pozdějších předpisů. V Brně dne 28.3. 2017 ______________________ Zita Biberlová Acknowledgements I would like to gratefully thank Mgr. Lucie Podroužková, Ph.D. for her kind help, patience and advice she provided throughout the whole process of my writing. I also want to thank the whole Department of English Language and Literature for creating a friendly atmosphere during my studies. Last but not least, I thank my family and friends for their sense of black humour in terms of finishing my thesis. Annotation The bachelor thesis “The Beatles in the Context of the Hippie Movement” deals with the British music group The Beatles and the analysis of their lyrics that are related to the hippie movement. The aim of the work is to identify a possible connection and influence of The Beatles' on the hippie movement. In order to achieve the result, a variety of the primary and secondary sources, including The Beatles' lyrics and interviews, are investigated. With the exception of the first chapter, each chapter consists of a theoretical and a practical part. In the theoretical part, the background of the specific features of the hippie movement is provided while in the practical part, The Beatles' lyrics and interviews connected with the same specific features are analysed. Key Words: The Beatles, Hippie Movement, Music Influence, Lyrics, 1960s Culture, Drugs, Sexual Revolution Anotace Bakalářská práce “The Beatles v kontextu hnutí hippies” se zabývá britskou hudební skupinou The Beatles a analýzou jejich textů souvisejících s hnutím hippies. Cílem této práce je najít možné propojení The Beatles a jejich případný vliv na hnutí hippies. K dosažení výsledku je přezkoumána řada primárních a sekundárních zdrojů, které zahrnují jak texty písní tak rozhovory s The Beatles. S výjímkou první kapitoly se každá kapitola skládá z teoretické a praktické části. V teoretické části jsou nastíněny specifické znaky hnutí hippies, které jsou poté v praktické části spojeny s analýzou textů a rozhovorů The Beatles. Klíčová slova: The Beatles, hnutí hippies, hudební vliv, texty písní, kultura v letech 1960, drogy, sexuální revoluce Table of Contents Introduction.................................................................................................................................6 1 History of the Hippie Movement.............................................................................................8 1.1 The Beat Generation.........................................................................................................8 1.2 Cultural Background of 1960s.........................................................................................9 1.3 The Year 1965.................................................................................................................11 2 Community As a Way of Distancing from the Society..........................................................12 2.1 Meditation......................................................................................................................15 2.2 Nature Awareness...........................................................................................................18 2.3 Live in the Presence.......................................................................................................20 3 Change of the Concept of Love through the Sexual Revolution...........................................22 3.1 Concept of Love in 1960s..............................................................................................22 3.2 Sexual Revolution..........................................................................................................23 3.3 Hippie Love As a Power of the World............................................................................28 3.4 Development of the Concept of Love in the Beatles' Lyrics..........................................31 4 Drugs in the Hippie Culture...................................................................................................32 4.1 The Beatles' Attitude to Drugs........................................................................................36 4.2 References to Drugs in The Beatles' Lyrics....................................................................37 5 Anti-Establishment Attitudes.................................................................................................41 Conclusion................................................................................................................................47 List of References.....................................................................................................................50 Introduction Music is a fundamental part of every culture and it has always had an influence on the society. Music gathers people together, evokes emotions and can be used as a way of communication. With a connection of lyrics people are able to remember stories, sometimes even cultural morals and different moods. Lyrics can be used as an instrument of emotions whether we talk about a supportive military march, celebration themes, sentimental love songs or a funeral mourning. Therefore, it is crucial for the society to determine which music is popular and listened to the most as it can influence the opinions and attitudes of the society, especially of the youth who are the main target of the popular music. During the 1960s when the hippie movement emerged, the society started to be more open-minded towards the contemporary music. Consequently, several new music styles such as rock'n'roll and beat appeared and immediately became popular. Hippie movement itself was accompanied and influenced by several musicians. To provide examples, artists such as Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, The Who or Bob Dylan can be named. Furthermore, in 1969 one of the biggest and most influential music festivals, Woodstock Music Festival, was organized. Therefore, it can be claimed that music played an important role during the 1960s. The thesis aims to identify a connection of one of the most publicly admired and discussed music bands, The Beatles, and their possible influence on the hippie movement that was at the peak of its existence when The Beatles became famous. Indeed, it can be argued that The Beatles was a musical phenomenon with a huge cultural impact. However, they must have been influenced by the time and society of 1960s in turn. The theoretical part of the work focuses on the specific features of the hippie movement such as living in a community, meditation, nature awareness, living in the presence, free sex culture, drugs and anti-establishment attitudes. These features are identified in The Beatles' lyrics and interviews and a connection within the hippie context is discussed. In order to achieve the result, all The Beatles' lyrics were analysed and 34 of them were selected and divided into four parts which create four main chapters of this bachelor thesis. The possible connection and influence are supported by the primary and secondary literature, including the interviews with The Beatles. 6 The brief history of the hippie movement is given in the first chapter. To provide the context of the hippie culture, the cultural background of 1960s is emphasized together with the year 1965 that is considered to be the most influential year of the hippie culture. The following four chapters are oriented on the lyrics analysis. The second chapter is focused on the hippie community and its possible references in The Beatles' lyrics. The chapter does not only examine the community itself but also its aspects that were fundamental for the communal living. The third chapter deals with the change of the concept of love through the sexual revolution. Its change is discussed within the cultural background of the 1960s and The Beatles' lyrics and attitudes they provided. Drugs in the hippie culture and The Beatles' attitude towards its usage are provided in the fourth chapter. First, different effects of different drugs used within hippies are described and later The Beatles' attitude towards it is examined. At the end of the chapter, The Beatles' lyrics connected with a drug theme are discussed. The last chapter focuses on the anti-establishment attitudes within a hippie culture. This topic is analysed in The Beatles' lyrics and discussed with their opinions they provided in the interviews. 7 1 History of the Hippie Movement To understand the way the hippies live ant think, it is important to know the history of their movement. This chapter deals with the roots of the hippie movement and its important turning points. To begin with, we need to characterize what the hippie culture
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