Pyramids, Pirates, & the Polis
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Palmyra: a Matter That Concerns Us All
Journal of Cultural and Social Anthropology Volume 1, Issue 2, 2019, PP 16-18 ISSN 2642-8237 Palmyra: A Matter that Concerns us all Joao Vicente Ganzarolli de Oliveira* Senior Professor and Researcher of the Tercio Pacitti Institute of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil *Corresponding Author: Joao Vicente Ganzarolli de Oliveira, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Based on personal impressions gathered during my stay in the Middle East in 1998 and in 2002, this article focuses on the preservation of art in the Hellenistic city of Palmyra. The destruction of the ancient art produced in such a magnificent place means not only a breach with the past; it is also a bad omen for the very existence of art in the future of mankind. The Author thanks Professor Júlio Tadeu Carvalho da Silveira for his generous cooperation. Keywords: Palmyra, Art, Middle East, Preservation, Humanity. Palmyra has its own fate between the mighty Roman and Parthian empires Pliny, the Elder Beauty will save the world Dostoevsky 1 A FOREST OR MARBLE world. In the Middle East, Palmyra is second only to Petra. First mentioned on documents Palmyra is a forest of marble that contrasts to nd the ochre sameness of the deserts of the Middle during the early 2 millennium BC, Palmyra East. Palmyra is also the main oasis on the belonged to different empires before becoming part of the Roman world. Controversial issues desert fringe that fans out at the edge of concerning to what extend Semitic and Parthian Mesopotamia – the land whose ancient civilization (the oldest of all, hence the formula art are present in Palmyra may well be set aside Mesopotamia = cradle of civilization) lived and here, taking into consideration the scope of this thrived along the banks of two twin rivers, article, which is limited to general information; let us leave such issues to experts such as namely the Euphrates and the Tigris. -
Atlantic Coast Camellias JOURNAL of the ATLANTIC COAST CAMELLIA SOCIETY
Atlantic Coast Camellias JOURNAL OF THE ATLANTIC COAST CAMELLIA SOCIETY JJ m c-l JJ Z o"'U (J) »-l G) m G) c » Gypsy Rose Var. Bloom grown by • JJ Joe Austin »z m-l m • o • Vol. XXXIV FALL,1987 No.3 ATLANTIC COAST CAMELLIA SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING OF THE ATLANTIC OFFICERS COAST CAMELLIA SOCIETY PRESIDENT Richard L. Waltz 5405 Pioneer Drive Our annual meeting is scheduled Saturday, October 3rd Baltimore, Maryland 21214 again this year to abe held in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina on October 2-3. 10:00 AM Bloody Mary Party at (301 ) 254-3440 Much of the program has already been Myrtle Beach Elks Club, 1st VICE PRESIDENT Leslie P. Cawthon, Jr. planned while some of the "surprises" hosted by Mr. & Mrs. 2405 Howell Mill Road, NW are still on the drawing board. Mark Richard Waltz. Atlanta, Georgia 30318 your calendar now and join us for this (404) 355-4478 interesting and educational event. 11 :00 AM General Business Meeting Guest Speaker: 2nd VICE PRESIDENT Marion Edwards DATE: October 2-3, 1987 Dr. William Ackerman 5603 Darlow Avenue Jacksonville, Florida 32211 PLACE: Independent Holiday Inn 7:00 PM Open Bar at Myrtle Beach (904) 744-2690 1200 North Ocean Blvd. Elks Club furnished by SECRETARY & TREASURER J.L. McClintock, Jr. Myrtle Beach, S. C. 29577 ACCS followed by the Telephone: 1-803-448-1691 "Banquet of the Sea" sea 1325 E. Barden Street food dinner. Charlotte, North Carolina 28226 COST: Registration Fee $22.00 Guest Speaker: (704) 366-0207 per person Dr. Homeyer. ASSISTANT SECRETARY & TREASURER James McCoy Hotel Room: $32.00/night 521 Sandridge Road Double Occupancy After dinner activities will Charlotte, North Carolina 28210 include a raffle, a plant SCHEDULE OF EVENTS auction conducted by (704) 527-0260 "Robertson Mizzell and HISTORIANS Mr. -
From Small States to Universalism in the Pre-Islamic Near East
REVOLUTIONIZING REVOLUTIONIZING Mark Altaweel and Andrea Squitieri and Andrea Mark Altaweel From Small States to Universalism in the Pre-Islamic Near East This book investigates the long-term continuity of large-scale states and empires, and its effect on the Near East’s social fabric, including the fundamental changes that occurred to major social institutions. Its geographical coverage spans, from east to west, modern- day Libya and Egypt to Central Asia, and from north to south, Anatolia to southern Arabia, incorporating modern-day Oman and Yemen. Its temporal coverage spans from the late eighth century BCE to the seventh century CE during the rise of Islam and collapse of the Sasanian Empire. The authors argue that the persistence of large states and empires starting in the eighth/ seventh centuries BCE, which continued for many centuries, led to new socio-political structures and institutions emerging in the Near East. The primary processes that enabled this emergence were large-scale and long-distance movements, or population migrations. These patterns of social developments are analysed under different aspects: settlement patterns, urban structure, material culture, trade, governance, language spread and religion, all pointing at population movement as the main catalyst for social change. This book’s argument Mark Altaweel is framed within a larger theoretical framework termed as ‘universalism’, a theory that explains WORLD A many of the social transformations that happened to societies in the Near East, starting from Andrea Squitieri the Neo-Assyrian period and continuing for centuries. Among other infl uences, the effects of these transformations are today manifested in modern languages, concepts of government, universal religions and monetized and globalized economies. -
Edited by Steven J. Dick and Mark L. Lupisella
Edited by Steven J. Dick and Mark L. Lupisella NASA SP-2009-4802 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Cosmos and Culture : Cultural Evolution in a Cosmic Context / Steven J. Dick and Mark Lupisella, editors. p. cm. -- (NASA SP ; 4802) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Cosmology--History. 2. Astronomy--History. 3. Culture--Origin. 4. Social evolution. 5. Human evolution. I. Dick, Steven J. II. Lupisella, Mark. QB981.C8263 2009 523.109--dc22 2009004348 ISBN 978-0-16-083119-5 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512-1800; DC area (202) 512-1800 9 0 0 0 0 Fax: (202) 512-2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402-0001 ISBN 978-0-16-083119-5 9 780160 831195 ISBN 978-0-16-083119-5 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512-1800; DC area (202) 512-1800 9 0 0 0 0 Fax: (202) 512-2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402-0001 ISBN 978-0-16-083119-5 9 780160 831195 Table of Contents Introduction – Steven J. Dick and Mark L. Lupisella v Part 1: The Cosmic Context Chapter 1 – Eric J. Chaisson Cosmic Evolution State of the Science 3 Chapter 2 – Steven J. Dick Cosmic Evolution History, Culture, and Human Destiny 25 Part 2: Cultural Evolution Chapter 3 – Kathryn Denning Social Evolution State of the Field 63 Chapter 4 – Daniel C. Dennett The Evolution of Culture 125 Chapter 5 – Howard Bloom The Big Burp and the Multiplanetary Mandate 145 Chapter 6 – John M. -
Places and Peoples in Central Asia Graeco-Roman
PLACES AND PEOPLES IN CENTRAL ASIA AND IN THE GRAECO-ROMAN NEAR EAST ¥]-^µ A MULTILINGUAL GAZETTEER COMPILED FOR THE SERICA PROJECT FROM SELECT PRE-ISLAMIC SOURCES BY PROF. SAMUEL N.C. LIEU FRAS, FRHISTS, FSA, FAHA Visiting Fellow, Wolfson College, Cambridge and Inaugural Distinguished Professor in Ancient History, Macquarie University, Sydney ¥]-^µ ANCIENT INDIA AND IRAN TRUST (AIIT) CAMBRIDGE, UK AND ANCIENT CULTURES RESEARCH CENTRE (ACRC) MACQUARIE UNIVERSITY, NSW, AUSTRALIA (JULY, 2012) ABBREVIATIONS Acta Mari = The Acts of Mār Mārī the CPD = A Concise Pahlavi Dictionary, ed. Apostle, ed. and trans. A. Harrak D. MacKenzie (Oxford, 1971). (Atlanta, 2005). Ctes. = Ctesias. AI = Acta Iranica (Leiden – Téhéran- DCBT = W.E. Soothill and L. Hodous Liège 1974f.) (eds.) A Dictionary of Chinese Akk. = Akkadian (language). Buddhist Terms (London, 1934). Amm. = Ammianus Marcellinus. DB = Inscription of Darius at Behistan, cf. Anc. Lett. = Sogdian Ancient Letters, ed. OP 116-135. H. Reichelt, Die soghdischen DB (Akk.) = The Bisitun Inscription of Handschriften-reste des Britischen Darius the Great- Babylonian Version, Museums, 2 vols. (Heidelberg 1928- ed. E.N. von Voigtlander, CII, Pt. I, 1931), ii, 1-42. Vol. 2 (London, 1978). A?P = Inscription of Artaxerxes II or III at DB (Aram.) = The Bisitun Inscription of Persepolis, cf. OP 15-56. Darius the Great- Aramaic Version, Aram. = Aramaic (language). eds. J.C. Greenfield and B. Porten, CII, Arm. = Armenian (language). Pt. I, Vol. 5 (London, 1982). Arr. = Flavius Arrianus. Déd. = J.T. Milik, Dédicaces faites par Athan. Hist. Arian. = Athanasius, Historia des dieux (Palmyra, Hatra, Tyr et des Arianorum ad Monachos, PG 25.691- thiases sémitiques à l'époque romaine 796. -
The Arabs of North Arabia in Later Pre-Islamic Times
The Arabs of North Arabia in later Pre-Islamic Times: Qedar, Nebaioth, and Others A thesis submitted to The University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Humanities 2014 Marwan G. Shuaib School of Arts, Languages and Cultures 2 The Contents List of Figures ……………………………………………………………….. 7 Abstract ………………………………………………………………………. 8 Declaration …………………………………………………………………… 9 Copyright Rules ……………………………………………………………… 9 Acknowledgements .….……………………………………………………… 10 General Introduction ……………………………………………………….. 11 Chapter One: Historiography ……………………………………….. 13 1.1 What is the Historian’s Mission? ……………………………………….. 14 1.1.1 History writing ………………………...……....……………….…... 15 1.1.2 Early Egyptian Historiography …………………………………….. 15 1.1.3 Israelite Historiography ……………………………………………. 16 1.1.4 Herodotus and Greek Historiography ……………………………… 17 1.1.5 Classical Medieval Historiography …………………….…………... 18 1.1.6 The Enlightenment and Historiography …………………………… 19 1.1.7 Modern Historiography ……………………………………………. 20 1.1.8 Positivism and Idealism in Nineteenth-Century Historiography…… 21 1.1.9 Problems encountered by the historian in the course of collecting material ……………………………………………………………………… 22 1.1.10 Orientalism and its contribution ………………………………….. 24 1.2 Methodology of study …………………………………………………… 26 1.2.1 The Chronological Framework ……………………………………. 27 1.2.2 Geographical ……………………………………………………….. 27 1.3 Methodological problems in the ancient sources…...………………….. 28 1.3.1 Inscriptions ………………………………………………………… 28 1.3.2 Annals ……………………………………………………………… 30 1.3.3 Biblical sources ...…………………………………………………... 33 a. Inherent ambiguities of the Bible ……………………………… 35 b. Is the Bible history at all? ……………………………………… 35 c. Difficulties in the texts …………………………………………. 36 3 1.4 Nature of the archaeological sources …………………………………... 37 1.4.1 Medieval attitudes to Antiquity ……………………………………. 37 1.4.2 Archaeology during the Renaissance era …………………………... 38 1.4.3 Archaeology and the Enlightenment ………………………………. 39 1.4.4 The nineteenth century and the history of Biblical archaeology……. -
Queen Zenobia Addressing Her Soldiers by Giovanni
Art Story: Queen Zenobia Addressing Her Soldiers by Giovanni Battista Tiepolo Read by Julie Carmean You are looking at a high resolution digital reproduction of a painting made by the Venetian artist Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, made probably between 1725 and 1730, titled Queen Zenobia Addressing Her Soldiers. Do you know the story of Queen Zenobia? You may have heard of Cleopatra, but in some parts of the world, Zenobia is even more famous! Zenobia was queen of Palmyra, in Syria, in the third century CE. Palmyra had long been an oasis for caravans traveling between the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean Sea. By this time, it had become an important economic and military power in the Near East. After her husband Odenathus (aw-den-á-thus) was assassinated in 267 CE, Zenobia took power over Palmyra. She ruled as regent for her infant son. A skilled diplomat and military strategist, she challenged the authority of the Roman Empire in the East. She took an unusual role for a woman in the ancient world and led her troops to victories in Egypt and Asia Minor, winning their admiration and respect. In just five years, Queen Zenobia became a threat to Rome. Then, the Roman Emperor Aurelian brought the Roman army to lay siege to Palmyra. In Tiepolo’s painting, Zenobia is addressing her soldiers just before the final battle. A warrior queen, she’s wearing armor, and her shield rests at her feet. A servant keeps her robes from touching the ground. Zenobia’s soldiers, carrying standards and the flag of Palmyra with its crossed palms, look up at her as she speaks to them from a raised platform or dais. -
Religious Frontiers in the Syrian-Mesopotamian Desert
RELIGIOUS FRONTIERS IN THE SYRIAN-MESOPOTAMIAN DESERT Lucinda Dirven Ever since Michael Rostovtzeff’s article “Dura and the Problem of Par- thian Art” was published in , it has been common place to speak of cities in the Syrian-Mesopotamian desert, such as Palmyra, Hatra, Dura- Europos and Edessa, as belonging to the same cultural orbit.1 Whereas Rostovtzeff primarily argued for the existence of a shared material cul- ture, others have put forward the concept of a shared language and reli- gion.HanDrijvers,mymuchadmiredandsorelymissedteacher,devoted many publications to the common cultural pattern in the cities of the Syr- ian Mesopotamian desert. Drijvers’ highly influential article on Hatra, Palmyra and Edessa, published in Aufstieg und Niedergang der römis- chen Welt in , linked these cities in the minds of many.2 Although historians such as Ted Kaizer have recently put some stress on the local characteristics of cities in Syria and Mesopotamia,3 the idea of a shared indigenous culture still dominates academic discourse. Michael Som- mer’s recent publication on Rome’s eastern frontier zone is a case in point.4 If the notion of a common culture is correct, this would imply that political borders do not necessarily coincide with cultural and religious frontiers. All the cities mentioned above were situated in the frontier zone between the Roman Empire in the West, and the Parthian Empire in the East. Their political fate, however, was rather diverse. Palmyra was part of the Roman Empire, and never belonged to Parthian territory.5 1 M. Rostovtzeff, ‘Dura and the Problem of Parthian Art’, Yale Classical Studies (), –. -
11/1 2017 151-168 Mitanni Krali Tušratta'nin
ARCHIVUM ANATOLICUM (ArAn) 11/1 2017 151-168 MİTANNİ KRALI TUŠRATTA’NIN MEKTUPLARI ÇERÇEVESİNDE DİPLOMATİK EVLİLİKLER ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME Nurgül YILDIRIM Öz Mitanniler tarafından M.Ö. II. Binyılın ortalarına doğru Transkafkasya ve Doğu Anadolu hattında kurulan büyük devletin, Anadolu uygarlık tarihinin şekillenmesine yön veren ev sahipleri Hurriler olarak kabul edilmiştir. Hurriler M.Ö. II. Binyıl başlarından itibaren küçük krallıklar halinde varlıklarını sürdürmüşlerdir. M.Ö. II. Binyıl ortalarına doğru Hint-Avrupa/Aryan kökenli bir göç dalgasıyla gelen Mitanniler, Hurri topraklarında egemenlik kurmaya çalışmıştır. Halkının büyük çoğunluğunu Hurri’li nüfusun oluşturduğu, yönetici sınıfın ise Mitanniler’den oluştuğu karma bir halk ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Ancak bu karma halkın yaşadığı Mitanni Ülkesi, yaklaşık olarak M.Ö. 16. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında büyük bir siyasal güç halini almıştır. Bu büyük siyasi oluşumun küçük yaşta tahta çıkmış kralı Tušratta, Hitit kralı I. Šuppiluliuma’nın ve Mısır kralı III. Amenhotep’in (III. Amenofis) çağdaşı olarak kabul edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada Tušratta’nın çağdaşı ve damadı olan III. Amenhotep ve IV. Amenhotep’e gönderdiği mektupların, siyasi kaygılarla gerçekleştirilen evlilikler perspektifinde, genel hatlarıyla analizi amaçlanmıştır. Anahtar Sözcükler: Hurri, Mitanni, Tušratta, Taduhepa, Keluhepa, Mattiwaza, Alalah Yrd. Doç. Dr. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Tarih Bölümü-Eskiçağ Tarihi Anabilim Dalı, [email protected] 152 NURGÜL YILDIRIM Abstract An Evaluation on the Diplomatic Marriage in Frame of Letters of Tushratta Mittanni King Hurrian locals that shaped the civilization history of Anatolia were accepted as the host of the great state, founded on the Transcaucasian and Eastern Anatolian border line, towards the mid- second millennium B.C. by Mittanni. Hurrians had existed as small kingdoms as of the early-second millennium B.C. -
26 March 2014 (Pdf)
Damage to Syria's Heritage 26 March 2014 This newsletter provides a summary of the most recent reports on the damage to Syria's heritage. It should be stressed that much of this data cannot be verified, but it is hoped that it will assist in the documentation of the damage occurring, and help raise awareness. Updates on Damage (Photo: Crac des Chaveliers after the fighting. Copyright: BBC) World Heritage Castle Crac des Chevaliers taken by Syrian Regime Troops On 20th March, the Crac des Chevaliers Crusader fortress was taken by Syrian regime troops after a long aerial bombardment of the Castle and the surrounding town. Apparently some 700 rebels were living in the castle, of whom at least 93 died in the fighting. According to The Daily Star, "A Homs-based activist who goes by the name of Beibares Tellawi told the Associated Press that the castle fell into the hands of government troops earlier Thursday, a day after rebels and the government agreed that opposition fighters would be given safe passage to Lebanon. He added that troops captured Al-Hosn, where the citadel is located, after an intense bombardment by the Syrian air force". The full article, Syrian troops capture Crusader-era citadel, can be found here. The most extensive discussion of the damage so far available can be found in an AFP article. "Columns are blackened with soot and vaults have crumbled in one of the courtyards of Syria's the Krak des Chevaliers, a Crusader castle that is a Unesco World Heritage Site and a victim of the country's three-year civil war… Most of the 11th century fortress and its external walls appear intact, but the damage is inside, in the lower courtyard. -
Dura-Europos and the Political Uses of Archaeology in the French Mandate of Syria, 1920–1939
Yale University EliScholar – A Digital Platform for Scholarly Publishing at Yale MSSA Kaplan Prize for Use of MSSA Collections Library Prizes May 2021 Imperialism’s Stepchild: Dura-Europos and the Political Uses of Archaeology in the French Mandate of Syria, 1920–1939 Nathalie J. Bussemaker Yale University Follow this and additional works at: https://elischolar.library.yale.edu/mssa_collections Recommended Citation Bussemaker, Nathalie J., "Imperialism’s Stepchild: Dura-Europos and the Political Uses of Archaeology in the French Mandate of Syria, 1920–1939" (2021). MSSA Kaplan Prize for Use of MSSA Collections. 23. https://elischolar.library.yale.edu/mssa_collections/23 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Library Prizes at EliScholar – A Digital Platform for Scholarly Publishing at Yale. It has been accepted for inclusion in MSSA Kaplan Prize for Use of MSSA Collections by an authorized administrator of EliScholar – A Digital Platform for Scholarly Publishing at Yale. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Imperialism’s Stepchild: Dura-Europos and the Political Uses of Archaeology in the French Mandate of Syria, 1920–1939 Nathalie Jasmijn Bussemaker Morse College Advised by Professor Jonathan Wyrtzen Yale University New Haven, Connecticut April 12, 2021 A Senior Thesis Presented to the History Department in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts Table of Contents Figures 1 Chronology 2 Introduction 3 Chronology 6 “European Islands Lost in an Asiatic Ocean”: -
Archaeological Explorations in Syria 2000-2011 Proceedings of ISCACH-Beirut 2015
Archaeological Explorations in Syria 2000-2011 Proceedings of ISCACH-Beirut 2015 edited by Jeanine Abdul Massih Shinichi Nishiyama in collaboration with Hanan Charaf and Ahmad Deb Archaeopress Archaeology Archaeopress Publishing Ltd Summertown Pavilion 18-24 Middle Way Summertown Oxford OX2 7LG www.archaeopress.com ISBN 978 1 78491 947 4 ISBN 978 1 78491 948 1 (e-Pdf) © Archaeopress and the authors 2018 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owners. Printed in England by Oxuniprint, Oxford This book is available direct from Archaeopress or from our website www.archaeopress.com Tribute to Khaled Al-Assaad, Giro Orita, and Antoine Suleiman The Japanese Society for West Asian Archaeology and the Lebanese University Archaeological Mission of Cyrrhus-Syria International Syrian Congress on Archaeology and Cultural Heritage (ISCACH): Results of 2000-2011 December 3-6, 2015 Beirut, Lebanon Organizing Committee Prof. Dr Jeanine Abdul Massih (Director of the Archaeological Mission to Cyrrhus), Lebanese University, Lebanon Prof. Kiyohide Saito (Director of the Archaeological Mission to Palmyra), President, the Japanese Society for West Asian Archaeology, Japan Prof. Dr Akira Tsuneki (Director of the Archaeological Mission to Tell El-Kerkh), University of Tsukuba, Japan Dr Shinichi Nishiyama, Chubu University, Japan Dr Ahmad Deb (Director of Ain Al-Arab Mission), DGAM, Syria All