The of Phi Sigma Iota Forum International Foreign Language Honor Society
Spring 2001 Year 23. No. 1
The Forum, Spring 2001 • 1 The President’s Page
In today's world where English has become the linguafranca, we often hear it affirmed that Americans no longer need to learn other languages and cultures. But how frequently do businesses create marketing nightmares by not understanding the connotations of words that are appropriate in American English, but which are very misleading or even taboo in some other culture. Translation software can never replace the human element. There will always be a need for people trained in socio-linguistics and individual languages who can consult with businesses who plan a marketing strategy in a "foreign" country. Businesses who are careful to hire or consult with language experts can avoid humorous but costly faux pas such as the following: • Coors put its beer slogan "Turn it loose" into Spanish where it came out "Suffer from diarrhea"! • Clairol introduced the "Mist Stick" curling iron to Germany only to discover that "mist" is slang for manure! • Colgate introduced a toothpaste in France called "Cue" which is not only the title of a porn magazine but also a word that is pronounced in French the same as " cul " meaning that part of our anatomy we sit on! • An American T -Shirt manufacturer printed some shirts to commemorate the Pope's visit to Miami. But instead of saying "I saw the Pope" (el Papa) the shirts read "I saw the potato" (la papa)! There are so many of these examples that a national Chevy Nova Award (in honor of the GM's company's efforts to sell the Nova car in Latin America) has been established. I'm sure you all have your favorites. Send them to me, and we will try to find space to include some in the next issue of The Forum. CHILDHOOD CREEKS IT'S MORNING IN BELIZE Heavy breezes comb the dust-choked air Winding creeks laze slowly through the bottomlands And clouds bound low against the breaking light Where willows bow to tip the grass-choked sands. Heavy chopping seas contend with squawking gulls These muddy creeks are magnets for inventive minds It's morning in Belize! Intrigued with tadpoles, toads and other finds. Narrow creeks have banks unmatched for leaping. Animation overwhelms our diverse senses Inticing water hazards there for all to see! As sidewalk vendors peddle pungent wares Shallow creeks are swell for knee-deep wading, Proclaiming freshness for assorted fruits and fowl Books and sweaters tossed aside with shoes and keys. It's morning in Belize!
Careful in that creek! Ye hear? Giant metal beasts disgorge their fumes and trumpet loud Crayfish grab Ye in them pinchers All ancient exiles from the northern climes Won 't let go ..til thunder roars! Who part the bustling waves of footed souls It's morning in Belize! Tiny creeks hold mighty crayfish, forged in combat past. Trick's to find 'em hiding under stones. Streets swirl and dance with yesterday's debris Attack and make' em scurry in a retro blast, A giant sign above conveys a Creole caution: Stirring up the sand in ochre colored zones. "BETTA NO LITTA" It's morning in Belize! Mothers don't subscribe to creek-side joys, Nor crayfish contests held amidst aquatic rink, C. Eugene Scruggs Nor dripping mud and clay from shoes and boys, Belize City, February 1997 Nor tadpoles growing in the kitchen sink!
C. Eugene Scruggs Atlanta, GA July 1997
This issue of The Forum features an article by scholar, Maria Esformes, who Be a contributor to The Forum! has taught at the University of Massachusetts in Amherst, Harvard University, Send us your poems, travel narratives, and is presently Associate Professor in the Division of World Language Education, University of South Florida. During spring semester, 1998, she accounts of Phi Sigma Iota chapter spent her sabbatical as Visiting Scholar at the Oxford Centre for Hebrew and activities, short stories and articles (of 4 Jewish Studies, Oxford University, England. While at Oxford, she did research and lectured on the history, folklore, and culture of the Jewish or fewer pages, typed double-spaced). community of Greece, she recently returned from Greece where she was on Be sure to include photos or drawings to a Senior Fulbright Lecturing and Research Award. She spent her time in illustrate your submissions. Greece completing her book on the Folklore of the Sephardi Jews of Greece.
2 • The Forum, Spring 2001 The Forum
SPRING, 2001
FEATURES PHI SIGMA IOTA National and Regional Officers
PRESIDENT AND EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR Folklore of the Greek Jews Dr. C. Eugene Scruggs International Affairs Center, CPR 107 By Maria Esformes …….……. 7 University of South Florida Tampa, Florida 33620 (813) 974-4126 – Telephone, (813) 974-4613 - Fax [email protected] - E-mail What He Did For Love: VICE-PRESIDENT Dr. Christine Probes Division of World Language Education, CPR 107 Dr. Santiago Vilas and Phi Sigma Iota University of South Florida Tampa, Florida 33620 …. 10 (813) 974-2743 [email protected] - E-mail EXECUTIVE SECRETARY Dr. Jacob Caflisch Division of World Language Education, CPR 107 The Bandit Figure in Brazilian Cinema University of South Florida Tampa, Florida 33620 By Edward Neugaard ..……. 12 (813) 974-2746 [email protected] The Forum EDITOR Lizz Caplan-Carbin Division of World Language Education, CPR 107 Jamaican Creole University of South Florida By Jerome York ……………. 14 Tampa, Florida 33620 IMMEDIATE PAST PRESIDENT Dr. Marie-France Hilgar University of Nevada. Las Vegas Las Vegas. Nevada 89154 Linguistic Puzzles as Learning Tools Regional Vice-Presidents: By Jacob Caflisch ………….. 19 SOUTHWEST Arizona, California, Colorado. Hawaii. New Mexico, Nevada Prof. Salvatore Federico Thunderbird American School of Grad. Management DEPARTMENTS Glendale, AZ 80530 (602) 978-7291 The President’s Page 2 SOUTH CENTRAL Arkansas, Kansas, Louisiana. Mississippi. Missouri. Oklahoma. Texas Prof. Nancy Antrim National and Regional Officers 3 University of Texas/El Paso El Paso, TX 79968 Addresses 5 (915) 747-7037 SOUTHEAST Alabama. Florida. Georgia, Kentucky. Noah Dues 6 Carolina, North Carolina, Puerto Rico, Tennessee, Virginia Prof. Thérese O'Connell Jacksonville University PSI Scholarships 16 Jacksonville, Florida 32211 (904) 744-3950 Scholarship Nomination Form 17 NORTHWEST Alaska. Montana, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming Prof. Claudine Fisher Chapter News 16 Portland State University Portland. Oregon 97207 Submission Guidelines 18 (503) 725-3522 NORTH CENTRAL. Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, Wisconsin Chapter Roster 25 Prof. Levilson Reis Otterbein College PSI Member Benefits 31 Westerville, OH 43081 (614) 823-1112 NORTHEAST Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Copyright 2001 by The Forum of Phi Sigma Iota; the International Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia Prof. Susan Rosenstreich Foreign Language Honor Society (ISSN 0883-5640). Requests for Dowling College permission to reprint should be made in writing to the Editor. Oakdale. NY 11769
The Forum, Spring 2001 • 3
Phi Sigma Iota Professor Carroll’s The International Foreign Language Story Card Honor Society Giving thanks in Chinese (Member of the National Association of College Honor Students) in a multitude of words … Recognizes outstanding ability and high standards the human body of students and faculty of foreign languages, literatures and cultures (including classics, Linguistics, bows Philology, Comparative Literature, ESL and Bilingual Education). It is the highest academic honor in the [email protected] field of foreign languages. Phi Sigma Iota has http://chuma.cas.usf.edu/~carroll initiated over 50,000 members since its foundation in 1917, and it has created and supports numerous scholarship programs. Linda Gigi Carroll, a free-lance illustrator, teaches Chinese at the University of South Florida. She designed the STORY … Has chapters in 250 colleges and universities in the CARDS to help her students to learn Chinese characters. She studied ancient Chinese inscriptions, combining culture, U.S.A., Mexico, France, and the Virgin Islands. philosophy, and folk tales to explain each character’s meaning and origin. The character appears in brush calligraphy, the Phi Sigma Iota welcomes inquiries and charter border in Chinese wood-cut design. applications from colleges and universities.
Write the PSI President today! Promote Your Business, Profession, Organization Dr. C. Eugene Scruggs ADVERTISE in The Forum International Affairs Center, CPR 107 University of South Florida The Forum, a magazine of national Tampa, Florida 33620 circulation, is open to advertisements in [email protected] order to generate additional funds for our Email: scholarship and other programs. At the discretion of the editorial staff, it will accept ads from reputable firms and institutions interested in penetrating the To advertisers: market provided by our extensive readership – over 50,000. The Forum is a quality magazine published in its current format since 1978. For the scheduled forthcoming issues, the advertisements are as follows: Get free color advertising on our new website at http://www.phisigmaiota.org Size Price Full-Page $300 with your paid ad for our hard-copy of The Forum. Half-Page $175 You pay for You receive at no cost Quarter-Page $ 95 Eighth-Page $ 50 Full-page ad Logo Link on our homepage Half-page ad Prominent link on our homepage Back Cover $500 Quarter-page ad Logo link on our sponsor page Eighth-page ad Link on our sponsor page For advertising details contact: Back Cover Banner Logo link Lizz Caplan-Carbin Editor, The Forum Reach more people with your message about [email protected] your foreign language products and services. (813) 974-3146 Call toll-free (800) 673-5599
4 The Forum, Spring 2001 Contacts: http://www.phisigmaiota.org/contacts.html Toll-free by Telephone (800) 673-5599 Who to contact for what at by Email phisigmaiota@hotmail [email protected] Phi Sigma Iota Help us to avoid unnecessary Contact for: Establishment of New Chapters, Scholarship expense by keeping your current Nominations, Liaison with ACHS Eugene Scruggs, Ph.D. name and address on file. University of South Florida, WLE-CPR 107 Tampa, Florida, 33620 (813) 974-4314 FAX: (813) 974-4613 [email protected]
Contact for: Installation and Initiation Ceremonies and Liaison with Chapter Advisors and Regional Vice Presidents, Christine Probes, Ph.D. University of South Florida, WLE-CPR 107 Tampa, Florida, 33620 (813) 974-4126 FAX: (813) 974-1718 [email protected]
Contact for: Membership, Payment of Dues, Orders for Certificates, Insignia and Stoles, Change of Address, Rosters The Editor appreciates submission Athanasia Fitos of your comments, news and University of South Florida, WLE-CPR 107 articles concerning all fields of Tampa, Florida, 33620 (800) 673-5599 foreign language. Manuscripts [email protected] must be typed, double-spaced, 1000 words or less, and preferably, Contact for: available in MS Word format, as News and Literary Aspects of The Forum Submission of Articles, Photos, Graphics, Articles, well as hard copy. Photos and News Items and Advertising for The Forum and illustrations should be labeled and Website attached (if possible, illustrations Lizz Caplan-Carbin, M.A. University of South Florida, WLE-CPR 107 and photos should be scanned into Tampa, Florida, 33620 an electronic format (bmp, gif, jpg). (813) 974-8453 Be sure to include: name, phone [email protected] number(s), email, and address. [email protected] http://phisigmaiota.org
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The Forum, Spring 2001 • 6 Gpmlmpsf!pg!uif!Hsffl!Kfxt
By Maria Esformes Professor of Greek and Spanish University of South Florida
If we want to know the soul of a people, their character, it is not enough to study only their history and geographical distribution, nor simply to delve into the great works produced by a population's outstanding writers. In addition, we must have a look at the people themselves, at the way they think, the way they feel, the way they act and live, When speaking of the Sephardi Jews of Greece, these verbs, alas, have to be put in the past tense, because so much of the life and folklore of the Greek Jews is by now a thing of the past.
Salonika, Greece, an Aegean port city in the northeastern part of Greece known as Macedonia, was once a metropolis of Jewish learning and civilization; Prior to World War II it had a population of approximately 70,000 Jews. On April 9, 1941, the first German forces entered Salonika. During the months that followed, 90% of the city's Jewish population was deported to German concentration camps where they perished.
Today, only 1,250 Greek Jews remain in Salonika. Their way of life, language, and folklore, are almost forgotten. Concerned about their being lost forever, I have traveled frequently to Greece in recent years in order to record and preserve the oral traditions of the Greek Jews. What follows is a brief description of this immensely rich and ancient folklore tradition.
The Forum, Spring 2001 • 7 Any discussion of Sephardi folklore, the Aggadah – in other words, the sacred even a most cursory one, has to answer books of the Jewish religion. The second two questions. The first is: Who are the source arises from Spanish medieval Sephardim? And the second: What is culture; for example, ballads and Sephardi folklore? folktales of medieval Spain, and the third source comes from the country Starting with the first question, and where the Sephardim settled after their expulsion from Spain in 1492. In the looking at it historically, we must recall that the Jewish people consist of three case of the Jews of Greece, this source major divisions. There is the division of would therefore include the themes, music, and folk motifs from Greek and the Ashkenazim, the Jews who lived in the Middle Ages in German-speaking Turkish folklore. lands and who moved to the East and West from there, retaining until a Among the examples of the rich and varied sources that contributed to generation ago, Yiddish as their mother Jews from Salonika working for the Sephardi folklore, and specifically to tongue, Then there are the Oriental Jews, German “Organization Todt” at a who were exiled from Palestine eastward folktales, are two very interesting forced-labor camp in Theva, circa collections of Spanish medieval to Iraq, Iran, and Afghanistan, southward 1942. 55,000 Greek Jews were into the Arabian Peninsula, and to the “ejempla”, or didactic folktales. They deported to Auschwitz and Birkenau. southwest to Egypt whence they spread circulated in medieval Spain and to the rest of North Africa. These Less than 4% survived. subsequently became part of the folklore Oriental Jews never lived in Europe; they tradition of the Sephardi Jews, who in moved from Palestine directly either into records. In exile, the permanent and turn carried these stories into their new other countries of Asia, or to Africa. The easily transportable elements are homes in the Ottoman Empire. The first languages they spoke, and speak to this language and knowledge, All other collection has the title of Barlaam and day, are identical, or almost identical, to things are transitory and easily left Josaphat and shows the metamorphosis the languages of their host countries. behind. that tales undergo in different cultural That is to say, in Arabic-speaking interpretations. The ancient source of countries they speak Arabic, in Iran they In the 1800's and early 1900's, these stories derives from India. They speak Persian, and so forth, The third visitors to Greece, such as the Spanish were written in Sanskrit and tell the group, that of the Sephardi Jews proper - Senator, Angel Pulido, were fascinated story of the young Buddha. From India with whom my research is concerned - by the use of 15th century Spanish by the stories passed into Persia and from consists of the descendants of those Jews inhabitants of Sephardic communities, Persia into Arabic speaking countries. It who in the Middle Ages immigrated into who had settled in Greece and other was after the invasion of the Iberian the Iberian Peninsula, especially parts of the Ottoman Empire after they Peninsula that the Arabs carried them following the Muslim conquest of that had been expelled from Spain. For into Spain, where medieval Spanish- country in 711. They lived in Spain and centuries, the Sephardim had kept alive Jewish scholars translated them into Portugal, first under Moslem rule, and the language, folklore, and traditions of Latin and also Hebrew. then under Christian Spanish rule until their Spanish ancestors. Folklore was their final expulsion in 1492. passed on for generations from father to The Hebrew version of the stories son in the oral tradition, Often families was produced in the first decades of the Today, only 1,250 Greek th would gather around the dinner table, 13 century by the poet Abraham ben Jews remain in Salonika. especially after the Friday evening Samuel Ibn Hasdai of Barcelona, who Their way of life, language, meal, to hear folktales told in a gave it the title “Ben Ha-Melech Veha- flamboyant manner by one of the elder, Nazir.” It relates the story of a prince and folklore, are almost male members of the family. Most often with a great hunger for knowledge forgotten. the stories were told to entertain and to whose father raised him in a palace on Although the Spanish monarchs, Isabel instruct. They often ended in a proverb an isolated island. The king did not want and Ferdinand, could expropriate the that conveyed the religious and moral to expose his son to the suffering of the homes and personal belongings of the teaching of each story. world. The cloistered environment, Jews and restrict what inhabitants of the however, did not satisfy the son. One Peninsula could take out of the country Sephardi folklore is especially rich day a hermit visited the palace and in 1492, they could not prevent them in proverbs, folktales, and ballads. I will revealed to the prince the suffering of from taking their folklore and their love discuss one of these folklore genres, the the world, the sadness and vanity of of the Spanish language The Sephardim folktale (or “conseja” as it is called in human life. He urged the prince to reject exemplify what for centuries has Judeo-Spanish) as an example of the desires of the world and to think day characterized the Jewish Diaspora: the Sephardi folklore and in the process, and night of God and his Power. The experience of exile, of homelessness, and answer our second and final question: young prince subsequently dedicates at the same time, the preservation of a What is Sephardi folklore? himself to being God's agent. The many sense of identity by holding tight to a Sephardi folklore stems from three sub-tales included in Ibn Hasdai's tradition almost exclusively determined basic sources: The first includes the Hebrew version stem from the Talmudic by language, oral traditions and written Bible, the Talmud, and more specifically Aggadah. Over and over, the false
8 • The Forum, Spring 2001 pursuit of pleasure and worldly objects course, reflect the themes of the stories If he is charitable, he will enjoy good is described as a beautiful red apple with themselves: "Haz bien no mires a fortune; if not, he will be forced to a worm in its core... Over and over, the quien" (Do good no matter to whom); endure further hardships. It is Elijah who false pursuit of pleasure and worldly "Cualunque haze mal tarde o temprano is the protector of the poor and destitute objects is described as a beautiful red lo tiene que topar" (Whoever does evil and the one who always compensates the apple with a worm in its core... will eventually meet an evil fate); "Non righteous. The didactic nature of the Repeatedly, these tales instruct that es la moneda que trae la alegria" (It is stories stresses the lesson of reward for one's only true goal in the world should not money that brings happiness); "De moral behavior in contrast to the high be to purify the soul and serve God with casta que vengan los reyes de ser price one pays for greedy, selfish, and good deeds. emperador" (It is one's heritage that unrighteous behavior. makes one an emperor); "Lo que esta Another collection of medieval escrito non se puede trocar" (What is Various characters that are "ejempla," or tales, is the Kalila y written cannot be unwritten); and "Si central and very popular in Sephardi Dimna. It was translated into Hebrew in Dios esta contigo no te espantes de tu folklore appear repeatedly. Among the first half of the 13th century by the enemigo" (If God is with you, don't be them are: afraid of your enemy). poet and philologist Jacob ben Eleazar. • King Solomon, who is always the In the introduction of the Kalila y representative of truth and wisdom. A theme very popular in Sephardi Dimna is found the story, which became • Elijah the Prophet, who is the folktales is that of fate, destiny, or in a part of European folklore and also miracle worker and the protector of Sephardi folklore. It tells of a man who Hebrew, "mazal". In Jewish religious the poor and destitute. runs away from a lion and falls into a thought, fatalism is closely combined • The wise Rabbi who has mystical deep pit. To break his fall, he grabs onto with the concept of free will. Humans powers. two branches. Below him, in the bottom are seen as the creators of their own • The wise old father who gives of the pit, is a terrible serpent with an destiny. In other words, humans can advice to his children. open mouth waiting to devour him. He choose both righteous and unrighteous notices that two mice, one white and one behavior and therefore create their own A character adopted from Turkish black, are gnawing away at the two Destiny. In many Sephardi folktales the folklore is the trickster Nasraddin Hodja. branches (his only support). Slowly, the main character of the story is pursued At times, he is wise, at times a fool. branches become thinner and the man by a negative fate. Nothing turns out Often he is depicted as a humorous realizes that in a short time, he will fall right. However, by the performance of character, providing laughter and into the mouth of the snake. He is filled certain acts, one is able to change one's satirizing society, human strengths and with despair until suddenly he notices fate from negative to positive. The acts weaknesses. He is a Sancho Panza type, near him a nest of bees, filled with performed are very specific and they characterized as a rotund figure, honey. Transported by the joy of his include: turbaned and riding on a donkey. discovery, he greedily begins to lick the Among the Sephardim he is often called • The performance of good deeds Juha. Most often, the main characters of honey. The comparison is made that the • Prayer pit is the earthly world and the two Sephardi folktales are everyday human • Repentance or change of conduct beings, both poor and destitute as well as branches are man's life, which is • Piety constantly consumed by two mice, white rich and powerful. And women are • Change of place or a change of always seen in traditional roles: the and black, or day an night. The serpent name young girl in love, the married woman, with the open mouth is death, and the • Charity or "sedaka" honey represents the joys and pleasures the good mother, and the older wise of life) which provide men with the Of the various virtues or acts that woman. ability to endure the hardships of the humans have at their disposal for The folklore of the Sephardim is human condition. altering a negative fate, "sedaka" or immensely rich and complex for it has charity is the one mentioned most often. Of course, all of the above are also been influenced by and reflects a variety After their expulsion from Spain, the listed in the Talmud. of cultures. The humorous trickster Sephardim carried these folktales into Nasraddin Hodja has entered Sephardic their new homes in the Ottoman Empire. In the folktales, alms giving and folklore from the Turkish. The They further developed the didactic and uncharitable behavior are often moralistic and fatalistic character of the moralistic character of the stories, which contrasted. Benevolent conduct is tales is Jewish in nature. Many of the usually ended with a proverb that always rewarded. The point is made tales are variants of medieval Spanish summarized the teaching or moral of the over and over again that kindness is folklore. Popular folklore characters story. The great majority of folktales, or never wasted, but will always be repaid. such as Elijah the Prophet and King "consejas," that I have personally Those performing "sedaka" are from all Solomon stem from the Holy Scriptures. collected from members of the Sephardi walks of life, old, young, rich, and poor. It is this unique mixture of cultures that community (living now in Salonika, The Prophet Elijah frequently appears has combined to create the immensely Israel, and the United States) have in the tales, usually disguised as a rich folklore of the Greek Sephardim. ♣ similar basic themes and format. Of the beggar or an old man. He often puts the This article has been published with permission of the author. It moralistic tales I've collected, some end hero of the story to the test in order, to appeared previously in the University of South Florida’s Faculty with the following proverbs, which, of see if he is truly charitable. Research and Creative Scholarship newsletter, Inquiry, Spring 2000, 3-1. Copyright, 2001 USF.
9 • The Forum, Spring 2001 WHAT HE DID FOR LOVE
Dr. Santiago Vilas and Phi Sigma Iota Marcone, and others, he How do you identify Phi Sigma Iota? By immediately set up the insignia, the key and the seal? By the internal installation and initiation ceremonies, the motto "To understand others is to understand oneself', or perhaps by The Forum? For all this and much procedures in order more, you can thank Dr. Santiago Vilas, who for the organization dramatically restructured the whole spectrum of Phi to be able to Sigma Iota during his tenure as President, from function. 1978 to 1980. The greatest growth of the Society took place during and following his presidency, and There was no money and few records! Dr. the forward move that he provided is one of the Vilas began the Herculean task of digging into each most significant events in the history of Phi Sigma and every record from day one in order to classify Iota. names and to compose a master mailing list to be able to reach people. He hired a whole crew of Haunted by a love for Phi Sigma Iota, computer keypunchers to work day and night in his which began on the day of his induction in 1964, he own office to compile a list of names and addresses felt the immense and unlimited potential of the from all membership cards from the start of the Society --to promote the learning of foreign Society retrieved from numerous boxes stored for languages and to identify and reward the best 57 years in archives. Result: A massive invaluable students. He believed that Phi Sigma Iota must database with 27,000 alumni members who were become the vehicle to affirm that learning a foreign contacted and welcomed back. Thousands of letters language makes human communication more poured in from alumni in all professions and from meaningful, that to learn about others is the natural all over the world, many of whom became Life process to understand ourselves better. Members.
Love Does Miracles One change, which needed to be approved by the Society, was to increase the international scope by including all languages, not just Romance When Dr. Vilas took office, alone and without languages. Also, obsolete procedures, rituals, and records, the organization was on shaky ground-in formats needed to be updated while still adhering to terms of leadership, money and many other factors. Phi Sigma Iota's founding principles. The new Because he is a man who does not believe in just Constitution and the By-Laws were approved by planning and fighting, but rather in resolving and the entire Society within just five months of the doing, he agreed to accept the presidency on his new presidency. This granted authority to Chapter own terms, which were non-negotiable. That is, full Advisors to have more control over their chapters authority with full responsibility, two years in and provided detailed instructions on organization which to make the society financially self- and function -a "how to" guide. sufficient, to give it the rhythm and dynamics New types of membership which identify Phi necessary for the second half of the 20th century, Sigma Iota as the International Foreign Language and to leave it running smoothly and ready for the Honor Society were created to reward all foreign next administration to explore wider avenues. languages; Classics, Linguistics, Philology, Comparative Literature and Bilingual Education. It would be impossible to detail all the changes he introduced during his administration, The door was finally open to set into motion but the depth and scope of his reorganization programs for expansion -more chapters, more accomplishments were comparable only to creating money, better communication with the membership a new Society. Aided by his capable leadership and the public. Dr. Vilas personally advanced the team, consisting of Drs. Thomas Napoli, Oscar money to mail out letters and flyers to 2,200 chairs Haac, Marcel Moreaud, Patricia Bentivegna, Marie of foreign languages in colleges and universities inviting them to acquire a PSI Charter which would enable them to reward achievements by their
The Forum, Spring 2001 • 10 students. Result: The number of Chapters was In two years, Dr. Vilas had accomplished doubled and idle Chapters were reactivated. what he said he would, and he established the momentum necessary to carry PSI into a brilliant oney, much more money, was needed if future. PSI were going to award more than one Msole scholarship. To raise funds, hundreds The Post-Presidency Years of letters were sent to commercial entities to advertise and to make donations. Dr. Vilas It was inevitable that because of the personally gave $500 to create the first of the new unparalleled leadership that Dr. Vilas had provided Scholarship Program. Result: In less than one year and because he knew everything about the Society, the number of scholarships granted went from 1 to he would be asked to serve yet again. Six years 14, including the innovative VISA scholarship. after his presidential tenure ended in 1980, he assumed oversight responsibilities and the everyday At the 1978 National Convention, he management as Executive Director. His office pushed through the creation of an additional honor, monitored the functions of PSI chapters in 210 the Life Member. For a one-time fee of $100, colleges and universities in the U.S. and two (currently $130) the Life Member would be exempt foreign countries (Mexico and France), managed from paying national dues and receive The Forum the 18,000 membership roster, designed the current and all benefits of membership. The first Life computerized membership and accounting systems, Member was, that's right, Dr. Vilas, with his composed and mailed out annual dues notices and contribution of $500. collected funds, monitored publication of The Forum and raised scholarship funds through A more modern vehicle would be needed to various programs (credit card, long distance, communicate with the entire membership, one that insurance, car rental, travel and study programs would improve Phi Sigma Iota' s public image. abroad) that would benefit students as well as Transforming the old Newsletter into a brand new teachers looking to improve their skills. magazine, The Forum was created, and the result was a modern, sophisticated magazine of national Since 1986, the "Holy Trinity", Dr. Vilas circulation. Dr. Vilas' many years as a journalist in and Drs. Marie-France Hilgar and Corina Mathieu his native Spain equipped him to edit the first issue Higginbotham, comprised the strongest executive published in August 1979 and give it a professional team the Society has every known. But after 31 look befitting the honor society. years in some leadership capacity, Dr. Vilas knew it was time for a challenge. On the first week of Dr. Vilas dedicated himself to changing the Apri1 2000, at the National Convention in Las image of Phi Sigma Iota, from that of a fraternity to Vegas, Dr. Vilas and the rest of the executive an Honor Society that promoted, encouraged and officers resigned their positions and began to turn rewarded achievement in the field of foreign over direction of the Society to a new team of languages and literatures. Top officials in the U .S. leaders. These new leaders will carry PSI into the Federal Government became aware of the impact of new millennium with their enthusiasm and vision. PSI in the educational field and made However, Dr. Vilas' enormous professionalism, recommendations to stimulate support of foreign dedication to PSI and his personal dignity, style and languages and cultures. For the first time a PSI elegance will make him memorable as one of the President, Dr. Vilas, was distinguished with an Fathers of Phi Sigma Iota. appointment in the National Endowment for the Humanities, serving as Advisor, Panelist and How does he feel about his Phi Sigma Iota Examiner of candidates for Fellowships and Grants. experience? "Phi Sigma Iota will be forever in our hearts; we served it with love." You can't regret what you did for love.
Support the Phi Sigma Iota Scholarship Fund Make a Contribution in any Amount Payable to: Phi Sigma Iota International And mail it to the PSI Secretariat at the University of South Florida You may indicate the name of the scholarship (e.g., Founders, Presidents, PSI Annual, Capsas, Vilas, 11 • The Forum,Hilgar, Spring or2001 other). You may also indicate the language or cultures you wish to support. " The Bandit Figure in Brazilian Cinema"
by Edward J. Neugaard Professor of Spanish and Portuguese World Language Education University of South Florida
♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣ Brazilian bandits, called cangaceiros in Portuguese, held sway over much of the country’s On July 28, 1938, ‘The Lantern’ and his Northeast region for more than a decade. These beloved Maria Bonita were finally killed by the rag-tag gangs of outlaws became fearsome para- state militia in an ambush, after having been military militias who came to control large areas of betrayed. Nine other cangaceiros also died in the the interior of Brazil’s Northeast in the 1920’s and skirmish. The heads of the dead cangaceiros were 1930’s. It was not until 1940 that the last of these displayed on poles in public in many cities of the gangs was exterminated by armed forces of state Northeast. Corisco, 'The Last Cangaceiro,’ as he is and federal governments. These bandits became known, died in 1940, and with his death came the the subject of an impressive number of Brazilian end of this bizarre and violent social movement. films, one of which gained international fame. In 1934 the Brazilian photographer Cangaços were groups of armed outlaws Benjamin Abraão became friendly with Virgulino’s whose origins can be traced back to the late gang and was able to film them in action. This eighteenth century. They take their name from the movie, sort of a primitive documentary, was not word canga, which refers to a long pole slung over shown commercially until almost sixty years later, the shoulders to carry heavy bundles or water when parts of it were used for the film O baile buckets, like the Chinese coolies. It is believed perfumado (The Perfumed Dance). they got that name from the manner in which they slung their long rifles over their shoulders on their Undoubtedly the most famous Brazilian long marches. A member of the cangaço was film of all time was O Cangaceiro, which came out called a cangaceiro, a term that also referred to the in 1953. The movie is based loosely on the life of head of a cangaço. Virgulino Ferreira, with many fictionalized elements. The movie became very popular, both in The prototype of the Brazilian bandit – a Brazil and abroad, and it won 35 international sort of Latin American Robin Hood – was prizes, including the Cannes Film Festival Award Virgulino Ferreira da Silva. He was born at the end th for the best adventure film for that year. The of the 19 century in the interior of Pernambuco clothing of the cangaceiros became very popular in state. This is the driest and most poverty-stricken high fashion circles. The producer, Lima Barreto, area of Brazil. Its harsh environment is similar to unwittingly sold the rights to the film to Columbia the American Southwest. Pictures for a mere 16.000 contos (perhaps $100,000). By 1970 the movie had earned As a result of the death of their father in a Columbia the incredible sum, for that time, of feud with a neighbor, Virgulino and his two $200,000,000 -- and the studio had not invested a brothers, Livino and Antônio, began a crime spree single penny in the production or making of the not unlike the American gangs of the 1920’s and movie. It was shown in 80 countries and was on 1930’s. In 1922, at the age of 24, Virgulino the marquee for six consecutive years in Paris and became the head of his own cangaço. He came to four in Berlin and Tokyo. be a true folk hero in the Northeast, where he is still revered by many. Until his death in 1938, he was In the 1960’s a plethora of films on the one of the most powerful non-governmental figures cangaceiro theme appeared: The first was A Morte in Brazil, being the virtual ruler of the interior of Comanda o Cangaço (Death Commands the seven Brazilian states.
The Forum, Spring 2001 • 12 Cangaço),’ 1960, by Carlos Coimbra, who would so-called ‘mascot’ of Lampião, Benjamin Abraão, go on to make several other films of the genre. in 1934. The name comes from scenes in which the cangaceiros perfume themselves and dance around In 1962 two cangaceiro films appeared: for the camera like little children. The Lantern Jesuino Brilhante: O Cangaceiro, directed by himself held the camera and filmed several scenes. William Gobert, and Lampião: Rei do Cangaço (Lantern, King of the Cangaço), which was more These movies about the cangaceiros came historically and biographically accurate and to be the equivalent of Brazilian westerns and were featured Virgulino’s mistress, Maria Bonita. It was largely responsible for the mythology of the in color and was again directed by Carlos Coimbra. cangaços and of the folk hero status attained by Virgulino, the prototypal cangaceiro. Although Other films of the 1960’s with the bandit many were poorly made on low budgets, they give theme were ‘Memória do Cangaço (Memory of the us an insight into the social conditions of the Cangaço), by Pedro Paulo Gil Soares; Cangaceiros Brazilian Northeast. do Lampião, 1966 – also by Carlos Coimba. In 1968, Maria Bonita, Rainha do Cangaço (Maria Bonita, Queen of the Cangaço) appeared. It was the first film featuring the infamous Maria Bonita first. It was directed by Miguel Borges. A sequel, A Mulher do Cangaço (The Woman of the Cangaço) appeared in 1976. Carlos Coimba directed still another cangaceiro film, in 1969, Corisco: O Diabo Loiro (Corisco, the Blond Devil).
In the 1970’s and 1980’s several other films dealing with the bandits appeared, almost all featured Virgulino and Maria Bonita as the archetypal bandits. In 1995 a remake of the original 1953 O Cangaceiro was made by Anibal Massaini and can still be seen in cinemas in Brazil.
O Baile Perfumado, also of 1995, features the remnants of the film mentioned earlier by the
♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣♣ Language Learning Online Foreign Language Resources French Language Course Online http://www.cas.usf.edu/languages/flresource.html http://www.jump-gate.com/languages/french/ Windows on Italy Deutsch im Netz http://www.mi.cnr.it/WOI/tidbits/tidbits.html http://www.cas.usf.edu/german/ Japanese Online Hawaiian Online http://www.japanese-online.com/ http://www.geocities.com/~olelo/
Polish Phrases Russian Vocabulary in Pictures and Sound http://www.cusd.claremont.edu/~tkroll/EastEur/pol-list.html http://www.friends-partners.org/oldfriends/language/course/school.html
13 • The Forum, Spring 2001 Jamaican Creole by Jerome York ESL Instructor English Language Institute University of South Florida ♠♠♠♠♠♠♠♠♠♠♠♠♠♠♠♠♠♠♠♠♠♠♠♠♠♠♠♠♠♠♠♠♠♠♠♠♠♠♠♠♠♠♠♠♠♠♠♠♠♠♠♠♠♠♠♠♠♠♠
“Hey, mon! Mi have a nice likkle ting fi di (“vexity”: a lot of worrisome problems), or ‘merican touriss, sumtin’ you cyaan refuse!” “I from the history of slavery (“pickney” from the heard English words, but I didn’t get that,” Portuguese diminutive of small, many North Americans have remarked to “pequeneninho”: a small child). Syntactically, themselves when they have vacationed in the these Creoles share much in common with English speaking Caribbean. So too I have each other: frequent elimination of the copula asked myself when I have eavesdropped on (Mi faddah smaht: My father is smart), conversations between students from various differing forms of the preposition and English-speaking Caribbean countries. Yes, it purposeful adverb “fi” or “fu,” (“She waan fi is English certainly, but of a different song. ‘ave two pickney” is glossed as “she wants to Indeed, after setting out to learn about have two children”) and numerous Caribbean English, I learned that there are rearrangements of the syntactic and many different forms of English Creole spoken morphosyntactic rules of Standard English in the Caribbean Basin. This is due primarily which are too extensive to be given adequate to the differing demographics of forced attention here. migration from African societies during slavery, indentured servitude from Ireland, The most immediately noticeable India, and China, and three centuries of feature of Jamaican Creole compared to colonization by Great Britain. Standard English is the difference in phonology, and this is the focus of my I chose to set about determining what investigation. exactly is peculiar and salient to Jamaican Creole because to my ears, it sounds the most Certain vowels are changed in Jamaican distant to Standard English and also stands out Creole (JC) from the Standard North American as different from the other Creoles of the pronunciation form. Let us begin with the tense region. In short, while speakers of the different vowels /i/, /o/, /e/, and /u/. In the first three Creoles are mutually intelligible to each other, of these, a Standard English speaker will they do not sound the same, and Jamaican is immediately notice that a schwa is added at the the furthest away from the group as a whole. end of the tense vowel, and that the tense vowel is often lengthened. Hence, we get: There are certainly syntactic and lexical analyses that can be relevantly applied ‘EEYet’ (JC) eat towards this investigation. For example, it is ‘OWepen’ open known that Caribbean Creoles and especially ‘AYej’ age Jamaican Creole contain hundreds of vocabulary items that derive either from /u/ gets no change except in odd combinations African languages (“nyam”: to eat or bite), such as in the word ‘graduate:’ from archaic English constructions that have fallen out of general use in North America ‘gradEEYate’ graduate
The Forum, Spring 2001 • 14 Here the vowel is neither pronounced nor frequently giving Jamaican a certain staccato lengthened, but /u/ is normal when by itself in sound to the North American ear. the same syllable, suggesting a further rule that Diphthongs are also changed in JC. It involves certain combinations of phonemes. appears that /ay/ remains unchanged, except Most of the lax vowels are consistent with for some vowel lengthening, but /aw/ and Standardized English, with three exceptions. /y/ become radically changed: The lax vowels /ae/ (attitude), and /2/ (ought) are changed to /a/ (opportunity). /a/ ‘OWTside’ outside remains as it is. Hence: ‘aahBOWT’ about ‘KOW’ cow ‘AAHtitude’ attitude Interestingly, a /w/ becomes inserted before ‘AAHpartunity’ opportunity the diphthong in words like boy and boil, ‘AAHt’ ought giving us ‘bwai’ and ‘bwail.’
In each of these cases, the lax vowel is ‘AYL’ oil somewhat lengthened, but lengthening is ‘BWAYL’ boil especially prominent when the lax vowel is ‘TAY’ toy word-medial: Initially, /h/ is always omitted, and is often ‘kyAAHn’ can’t replaced with a glottal stop. ‘rAAHtin’ rotten ‘brAAHt’ brought ‘we ‘Ave to ‘Urry’ we have to hurry ‘’IT’ hit The unstressed vowel of Standard North ‘’Otel’ hotel American English ∂ (the schwa) is typically only added in the aforementioned cases, but is Both the voiced and unvoiced ‘th’ sound of stressed as a normal vowel in the cases when English are pronounced as /t/ (voiceless) and Standardized North American English would /d/ (voiced): unstress the vowel. Here is example: ‘TEEory’ theory (SE) ‘uhMERukun’ American ‘DIS’ this ‘DAT TING’ that thing (JC) ‘AAHMERIKAAHN’ ‘BREddah’ brother
Note that none of the syllables are assigned Engma (the –ing sound in English) mirrors less stress than the others, forcing the informal English in that it is pronounced in pronunciation of all the vowels according to one syllable words but tends to be reduced to the rules already delineated. The even /n/ in multiple syllable words. stressing is not consistent across all words in Jamaican Creole, however, when syllables are ‘BRING’ bring stressed, they are typically over-stressed or the ‘WAYetin’ waiting stress is in a different part of the word than it would be in SE: Certain consonant clusters demand change in JC. Most prominent are /t/ and /d/ before InstiTUSHAAHN institution /l/. These two stops are shifted back to the In most cases however, the stress in a word is velum and retain their voiced or unvoiced usually more even across words than in SE, qualities: Continued on page 18 15 • The Forum, Spring 2001 PSI Scholarships Announcing – The “Year 2002 PSI Scholarships”
ELIGIBILITY: Only active members of Phi Sigma Iota, both undergraduate and graduate students, are eligible for an award.
HOW TO SUBMIT A NOMINATION: With the signed endorsement of the Faculty Advisor, a Chapter is entitled to submit only one nomination. A PSI official form must be used. The nomination shall include:
• A personal statement, written by the candidate in both English and the nominee's major Foreign Language, outlining qualifications and the purpose for which the award will be used.
• A statement from the Faculty Advisor outlining the candidate's service to the local Chapter, dedication to the study of foreign languages and specific commitment to pursue such dedication, as well as any other relevant information.
• A recommendation from another reference, to be sent directly to the Faculty Advisor.
• An official transcript addressed directly to the Faculty Advisor.
• A wallet-size photo
AWARDS: In the Spring of 2002, Phi Sigma Iota will grant several Scholarship Awards based on availability of funding. Scholarships in the amount of $500 will be awarded. Normally, the following awards will be made each year: The Founder’s scholarship in the name of Dr. Henry Church; The PSI Annual scholarship; The Cleon W. Capsas scholarship for study in Spain or Portugal; The President’s scholarship; The Santiago Vilas scholarship; and The Marie-France Hilgar scholarship.
DEADLINE FOR SUBMISSION OF NOMINATIONS: Postmarked no later than January 15, 2002. The deadline will be strictly observed. Incomplete submissions will not be considered. Faculty Advisors: Please send nominations, supporting documents and all other correspondence to: Dr. C. Eugene Scruggs Phi Sigma Iota World Language Education, CPR 107 University of South Florida Tampa, Florida 33620
The Forum, Spring 2001 • 16 PSI Scholarship Nomination Form
1. GENERAL INFORMATION ON NOMINEE Name in full ______Student Birth Date ______Chapter and Institution ______
Date of Initiation into Phi Sigma Iota: ______
Permanent Address ______Social Security Number ______Phone ______E-mail ______Present Local Address ______
2. EDUCATION RECORD OF NOMINEE High School (Name and Location) ______
Graduation Date ______Class Rank ______
Undergraduate University (Location, Dates, Degree and Date of Degree) ______
______Graduate University (Location, Dates, Degree and Date of Degree) ______Fields of Concentration at College/University ______Grade Average: Cumulative ______Foreign Languages ______
Scholarships, Honors Received ______
3. PERSONAL STATEMENT: (in English and foreign language), 500-1500 words each
4. WALLET -SIZE PHOTO: Attach to nomination form
5. STATEMENT by FACULTY ADVISOR: Attach
6. OTHER REFERENCE (Recommendation to be sent to Faculty Advisor before deadline)
Name and Address ______
7. FACULTY ADVISOR SPONSORING THIS NOMINATION
Name and Address ______Title ______
17 • The Forum, Spring 2001 Continued from page 15 Chapter News: Submission Guidelines ‘MIGGel’ middle One of the most important things we print is news ‘LIKKel’ little about our 250 different chapters (see page 25). Send Chapter News to: Other clusters get changed as well, and it appears that this has something to do with the Lizz Caplan-Carbin Phi Sigma Iota involvement of /t/ in the cluster: World Language Education University of South Florida, CPR 107 ‘EKStablish’ establish Tampa, Florida, 33620 ‘PAASS’ passed or past ‘KAAneked’ connected Phone: (800) 673-5599 or (813) 974-8453 E-mail: [email protected]
In each of these cases, something must be Help us get it right: altered when /t/ is present in the cluster. In the case of ‘establish,’ it appears that the JC • Please type the information about your speaker is anticipating the stop and inserts chapter’s ceremony or other news. When possible, we will print your write-up word-for- another stop at the front of the cluster. In the word. Include some or all of the following case of ‘past’ and ‘connected’ the /t/ is simply information: eliminated. This raises a further question o Chapter and institution names because a different process is taking place in o Semester session and place of event the first example compared to the second and o A list of initiates third. Deeper analysis should yield a rule for o Officers, new and old these types of consonant clusters, but this is o Special speakers, guests, and activities at beyond the scope of this investigation. the event • Please include an electronic version (MS Word) if possible. When these phonetic rules are combined • Limit the write-up to approximately 300 at a suprasegmental level and work together words. with an altered syntax and lexicon, it is no • Photographs (Limit 2): send your favorites. wonder that some speakers of Standardized • If you need to have the photograph returned, English might have trouble understanding include a SASE and write “Please Return” on what is being said to them when conversing the back of the photos. with a Jamaican speaker. Further, Caribbean • The best reproductions come from black-and- English and Jamaican Creole contain within white photographs. If you cannot use B&W, their ordinary discourse, a certain “orality” make sure lighting is good and the contrast is and style to the spoken word. They are rich sharp. with quizzical metaphors (such as “every • Label the picture on the back with the name of mickle mek a muckle”- “it all adds up”) and your chapter and university. folk wisdom. So, not only do the phonology, • Under the write-up or on the back of the syntax, and lexicon vary from Standardized photograph, include a caption that clearly English, but also the way one says things is of identifies the people in the photo with names. crucial importance in everyday discourse. In • Write-ups and captions can be combined if other words, there is an art to chatting. These you prefer. factors combine to make Jamaican Creole and • DO NOT STAPLE the photograph. other Caribbean English variants unique in We can print news about induction sound and rhythm, and contribute to the wide ceremonies, articles, activities, events, etc. variety and dynamism of the English language. ♠ The Forum, Spring 2001 • 18 Colors of the World Test-tube language
All of the following languages have grammatical features: phonology, morphology, syntax and a lexicon, but half of them are artificial or constructed languages.
Guess which ones are natural languages and which are not. Answers on p. 30
Arbërisht Asturian Buhinon Chichewa Danovën Degaspregos Esperanto Guarani Gujarati Hausa Hmong Ido Jakelimotu Kamilaroi Across Down Klingon Konkani 4. the sky in Spain 1. the sun in Spain Lakhota 5. snow in Germany 2. the sun in England Lojban 8. a rose in France 3. the grass in Italy Neelan 10. the grass in China 6. a night in Germany Novial 11. snow in Japan 7. a rose in China Ojibwe 12. the sky in China 9. the sun in Italy Sranan 13. the sky in Italy 14. a rose in Germany Telugu 16. a night in France 15. snow in Italy Tengwar 17. snow in Portugal 17. a night in England Vogu 20. the sun in Germany 18. a night in China Volapük 22. snow in France 19. snow in China Xhamagas 23. the sun in France 21. the sky in Germany Zoinx 22. the sky in France Answers on p. 30
An Enterprising Translator A Mexican bandit made a specialty of crossing the Rio Grande from time to time and robbing banks in Texas. Finally, a reward was offered for his capture and an enterprising Texas Ranger decided to track him down. After a lengthy search, he traced the bandit to his favorite cantina, snuck up behind him, put his trusty six-shooter to the bandit's head, and said, "You're under arrest. Tell me where you hid the loot or I'll blow your brains out." But the bandit didn't speak English, and the Ranger didn't speak Spanish. Fortunately, a translator was in the saloon and translated the Ranger's message. The terrified bandit blurted out, in Spanish, that the loot was buried under the oak tree in back of the cantina. "What did he say?" asked the Ranger. The translator answered, "He said 'Get lost, Gringo. You wouldn't dare shoot me.'"
19 • The Forum, Spring 2001 Phi Sigma Iota Online
Looking for PSI on the Internet? Check out these great chapter websites.
National Headquarters, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida http://www.phisigmaiota.org/ Phi Sigma Iota Constitution and Bylaws http://www.lib.usf.edu/spccoll/guide/p/psi/guide.html http://131.247.112.4/spccoll/guide/p/psi/const.html Omega Chapter, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada http://www.unlv.edu/Foreign_Lang/psi.html Nu Nu Chapter, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon http://www-adm.pdx.edu/user/fll-psi/phi.htm Beta Omicron Chapter, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington http://www.wsu.edu:8001/~psi/index.html Gamma Nu Chapter, Belmont University, Nashville, Tennessee http://www.belmont.edu/Humanities/languages/PhiSigmaIota.html Alpha Lambda Chapter, North Carolina State University http://www4.ncsu.edu/~kent/PhiSigmaIota.html Kappa Theta Chapter, St. Mary's University, San Antonio, Texas http://www.stmarytx.edu/acad/languages/kappa.html Beta Alpha Chapter, Western Maryland College, Westminister, Maryland http://wwwfac.wmdc.edu/ForLang/PhiSigmaIota.htm Sigma Sigma Chapter, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey http://french.rutgers.edu/PHISIGMA.HTM Alpha Beta Chapter, Millikin University, Decatur, Illinois http://www.millikin.edu/academics/ArtsSciences/Humanities/ModLanguages/Phi%20Sigma%20Iota.html http://www.millikin.edu/studentorgs/honorary/psi/PSI.html Beta Epsilon Chapter, Oneonta State, Oneonta, New York http://webserver1.oneonta.edu/departments/forlang/phisig.html Sigma Nu Chapter, Fort Hays State University, Hays, Kansas http://www.fhsu.edu/mlng/psi.html Kappa Gamma Chapter, Methodist College, Fayetteville, North Carolina http://www.methodist.edu/studentlife/clubs/phisigmaiota.html Iota Xi Chapter, Ohio Weslyan University, Delaware, Ohio http://www.owu.edu/~psi/default.htm Delta Rho Chapter, Cameron University, Lawton, Oklahoma http://www.cameron.edu/~teresal/PhiSigma.html Alpha Upsilon Chapter, Niagara University, Niagara, New York http://www.niagara.edu/fl/psi.html Foreign Language & Humanities Resource Links http://www-adm.pdx.edu/user/fll-psi/lnk.htm
If your chapter has a PSI website that you would like added to this list, contact the Forum editor at [email protected]
The Forum, Spring 2001 • 20 Linguistics Puzzles As Learning Tools
by Jacob Caflisch PSI Executive Secretary International Professor Theoretical Linguistics, Slavic and Altaic Studies University of South Florida ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦
One of the truly exasperating issues in today's 1. lii' dzaaneez yiztal 'the horse kicked the mule’ "practical" linguistic teaching circles is that of finding 2. dzaaneez lii' biztal 'the mule was kicked by the horse' methods and ways to reach teachers having problems with 3. tl'izi dibe yizgox ‘the goat butted the sheep' apparent issues in pragmatosemantics in language study. Some data from Demers & Farmer (1986) have come to my 4. dibe yl'izi bizgox ‘the sheep was butted by the goat' attention which can provide some insight to finding ways to 5. ashkii at'eed yizts'os 'the boy kissed the girl' "head pragmatics anomalies off at the pass." 6. ______'the girl was kissed by the boy' 7. leechaa 'i masi yishxash 'the dog bit the cat' Usually when confronted with data we search for 8. ______'the cat was bitten by the dog' regular patterns that can suggest a master template from 9. lii' tse yiztal 'the horse kicked the rock’ which one can predict regularities in structures. What 10. *tse lii' biztal 'the rock was kicked by the horse’ happens when in so doing we cannot "blame" phonology? 11. masi naaltsoos yizghas 'the cat is scratching the paper' That is, we cannot seem to find any way to explain the data 12. *naaltsoos masi bizghas 'the paper is scratched by the cat' from phonology, morphology, syntax, or even, seemingly, 13. ashkii gah yisil 'the boy caught the rabbit' from semantic structures alone; yet, we are confident that a 14. *gah ashkii bisil 'the rabbit was caught by the boy' solution must be forthcoming.
The next set shows ungrammatical strings in the ACTIVE Here is the issue: There are some native speakers of voice forms: Navajo who are having a really difficult time accepting certain types of sentences in English even though the ones 15. *beesh ashkii yizhgish 'the knife cut the boy’ they do not accept seem perfectly fine to English speakers. 16. ashkii beesh bizhgish 'the boy was cut by the knife’ We are able to say sentences such as the man met the girl, the 17. *wolachii' hastiin yishish 'the red ant stung the man’ girl met the man, the horse kicked the sheep, the sheep was 18. hastiin wolachii' bishish 'the man was stung by the red ant’ butted by the goat, the woman was seen by the man, and the cat drank the milk. These seem acceptable. Now, the question Perhaps the reader is beginning to get frustrated. It is the is this: Can the reader find out why Navajo speakers cannot same feeling that the Navajo speaker has for the English easily accept these samples: The rock was kicked by the glosses that occur beside the asterisked forms in Navajo. The horse, the milk was lapped up by the cat, the ant is eaten by reader's job is to discover why these asterisked forms cannot the cat, the grass was eaten by the sheep, the sheep was be allowed. Then the reader is invited to suggest some other struck by the man, the red ant stung the man? The following sample English sentences that are expected to undergo strong are some of the data from Demers and Farmer (243-5): resistance from Navajo speakers. Readers must also suggest
Navajo data: diacritics and phonological adjustments reason(s) why. are removed. Sentences preceded by an asterisk [*] are NOT acceptable to Navajo speakers. (Try to fill in the blanks): CITED WORK Demers, Richard A, and Ann K. Farmer. 1986. A Linguistics
Answers on page 30 Workbook. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ♦
21 • The Forum, Spring 2001 Introducing The 2001 Phi Sigma Iota Scholarship Recipients The PSI Founder: Dr. Henry W. Church Scholarship Crystal Hodnett (Eta Eta) is a Latin major concentrating in classical studies at Mercer University in Macon, Ga. She entered the study of Latin as a means to a career in the sciences, when her love of language and education took hold. She has taught Latin to high school students and she currently works as a Latin tutor for beginning and intermediate student’s at Mercer’s Learning Center. Crystal has spoken on the topic of Roman literature at Mercer’s Third Annual Undergraduate Symposium. In preparation for graduate school, she plans to use her scholarship to study art and architecture in Rome, Florence and Venice.
The Dr. Cleon W. Capsas Memorial Scholarship Brian Barkhurst (Beta Theta) has been a very active president of the International Students’ Association at Capital University in Columbus, Ohio, where he is credited with organizing and leading cross-cultural experiences and increasing global awareness across the campus. He has been awarded the prestigious Mary Margaret Donnan Award for Voluntary Public Service. Brian has encouraged the study of foreign languages through his service as an English tutor, a global ambassador, and as an avid conversation partner. Brian currently studies Spanish and International Studies at Ohio University, and he plans to use his scholarship to study for a semester in Toledo, Spain.
The Dr. Marie-France Hilgar Scholarship Ekatarina Schoenefeld (Sigma Sigma) is originally from Russia, where she began studying English as a five-year old child. After graduating from an English-language school, in Russia, she began studying German, which, along with accounting, she continues to major in at Rutgers University. Ekatarina is also a member of the Golden Key National Honors Society and she has been awarded the Student Life recognition Award, as well as the Sophomore Prize for Academic Excellence. Ekatarina’s community service includes tutoring through the Sophia Club and the Douglass College Bunting program, which aids older women to enter or return to college. She hopes to study international business law in the future.
The Annual Psi Sigma Iota Scholarship Janice Torres (Delta Rho) is president of her PSI chapter at Cameron University where she studies Romance languages with a concentration in Spanish. She is also the vice-president of CU’s Latin Alliance Association, where she is active in promoting multi- cultural community service. Additionally, Janice is a member of Phi Eta Sigma and Phi Kapa Phi honor societies and she has received the All American Scholarship Award, PSI Delta Rho’s Chapter Service Award and the Delta Rho Benke Scholarship.
The Dr. Santiago Vilas Scholarship Tracey Mousseau (Kappa Nu) studies French with the goal of teaching French at the middle school level in Maine, where many students are of French-Canadian heritage. Tracey is a French major at the University of Southern Maine. She began to learn French through her genealogical research into her own Québecois and French heritage.
The President’s Scholarship Genevieve Reid (Eta Eta) has been studying French Literature at Mercer University, in Macon, Ga., where her contributions are well appreciated. Her French-Canadian heritage has given her a special perspective and background knowledge into Canadian Francophone phonology, morphology, and literature, from which her colleagues and professors in Georgia have joyfully benefited.
The Forum, Spring 2001 • 22 Chapter News
Maryland
The Loyola College in Maryland Chapter of Phi Sigma Iota, Gamma Iota, inducted two new members on Monday, November 13, 2000. The two new members, Rachel Santora and Jessica Cutler, are both students of German. The evening was dedicated to German poetry. Three local German poets, Armin Hadamer, Ingeborg Carsten-Miller and Ortrun Wenzel-Gates, read from their works and answered questions from the inductees and students of German who attended the induction ceremony. Attending from the Dept. of Modern Languages and Literatures were Dr. Randall Donaldson; Dr. Ursula Beitter; and Dr. Leslie Zarker Morgan, the Chapter Advisor. After the ceremony, Dr. Randall Donaldson, the poets, and inductees, went out to dinner to celebrate.
Käsekuchen Wandern Ein neues Neujahrslied
Dolores spornt mich an: Ja Der Damm ist gebrochen, Schreib du ein Gedicht über Käs’kuchen wir sind die Zukunft stürzt über uns herein; Ich lass mich über Apfelkuchen aus. viel gewandert die Vergangenheit flieht Wir seh’n uns dann im Juni. in dieser weiten Welt. und läßt uns mit der Zukunft allein. Die Felder Eine Frau, ein Wort – ich sage ja. waren nicht immer grün. Wir stemmten vergeblich Ach, was hab ich mir da eingebrockt? Mehr Unkraut als Frühlingsblumen uns gegen diese Gewalt der Zeit Wie soll ich wohl den Käs’ beschreiben? gab es auf den Wiesen. und konnten nichts halten Er ist nicht wie New Yorker, im kalten Strom der Rastlosigkeit. Die Wälder standen stumm. der bleich und blutarm vor dir liegt. Unrecht lief von Baum zu Baum. Die Flut ergreift uns rasch, Nein, der deutsche hat Character! Von den Höhen sahen wir was unten sie überspringt den letzten Moment, Hellbraun aus der Röhre ‘raus, sich als menschliches Ungeziefer verkroch. und es ist ein Narr, wer Mit Mürbeteig als Boden! jetzt noch kämpft und um sein Leben An den Ufern reißender Ströme rennt. Zum kühlen auf’s Gitter, standen wir machtlos, wenn Verkehrt herum, des Lebens Unwetter Doch nichts ist vergebens, Das gibt das richt’ge Muster, an uns vorüberriß. selbst zu ringen im Strudel noch Genau wie Fraus Sans, so mach’ ich’s auch. lohnt; Kaum kann ich das erste Stück erwarten Was verloren ist nur der, Das gleich auf meinem Teller liegt. ist schon der Mensch, welcher glaubt, daß ihn die Zeit Was für ein Schmaus! wenn nicht ein Kieselstein verschont. Drüber schreiben? Nee, das geht wohl nicht. auf unbestimmte Zeit.
Ortrun Wenzel-Gates Ingeborg Carsten-Miller Armin Hadamer
The Forum, Spring 2001 • 23 West Virginia Pennsylvania
Phi Nu chapter (Muskingum College, 1948) has enjoyed somewhat of a resurgence in members and in activity in the last few years. We are a small, liberal arts college of 1,500 students in rural southeastern Ohio with no language requirement and essentially one-faculty programs in French, German and Spanish. And yet over seventy students have qualified for membership since 1997. One student, Kristen Buhrman, a French major and 2000 graduate, won the Phi Sigma Iota Scholarship in 1999. Kristin has gone on to pursue a career in global human resource management.
As a chapter, we have sponsored faculty speakers, who stress the importance and career potential of foreign Gamma chapter (Mercyhurst College, 1996) language study in diverse fields. We have had speakers On May 8, 2000, our chapter held its fourth annual induction on language diversity in the public school classroom, on ceremony where one professor and eight students joined the language in the business world, and on Ohio’s export Honor Society. The induction was followed by a dinner and the economy. In 1999, we were especially proud to host Dr. speaker was chapter advisor Dr. Alice Edwards. This year’s new Pauline Nelson, Professor of French at Bethany College members were students of Spanish, French, and East-West (WV) and president of the West Virginia Foreign Studies (Chinese and Japanese). See photo from left to right - Language Teachers Association from 1990-1992. In Present were: Tiahana Carr, Amber White, Jennifer Myak, 1997, she was voted FL teacher of the year in West Professor Elizabeth Blood, Michelle Pscolyar, and chapter Virginia. Her talk, To Understand: in the Imperfect, advisor, Dr. Alice Edwards. dealt with intercultural misunderstandings. New Jersey
Phi Nu’s presence and campus visibility rises every December as host of the all-campus International Christmas Program, which features songs, skits, and Bible Gamma Psi chapter (St. Peter’s College, 1997) readings, not only in the language we teach, but also in On April 26, 2000, the Department of Modern and Classical those represented by our large contingent of international Languages and Literatures of St. Peter’s College inducted the students. third Gamma Psi chapter of Phi Sigma Iota. Students who were inducted are: (from left to right) Sandra Fernandex, Leticia PHI SIGMA IOTA has initiated more than Marquez, Jessica Rosario, Gretel Perez, Carmela Dente, and 50,000 members since its foundation in 1922. Juana E. Arias Dominguez. Not pictured are Ereni Roess and Amanda Valdés.
24 • The Forum, Spring 2001 Chapters of Phi Sigma Iota by States, as of February 2001
State University Chapter Year No. State University Chapter Year No.
ALABAMA University Of Bridgeport Alpha 1980 108 Birmingham Southern College Upsilon 1931 16 Bridgeport, Ct Epsilon Birmingham, Al Prof. Wilfred Garcia Prof. Judy Cox Sacred Heart University Delta 1983 133 University Of Alabama Gamma 1979 91 Fairfield, Ct Kappa Huntsville, Al Gamma Prof. Claire Marrone Prof. Sharon Abernethy WASHINGTON, D.C. University Of North Alabama Delta 1987 169 Gallaudet University Alpha 1980 110 Florence, Al Theta Washington, Dc Eta Prof. Max D. Gartman FLORIDA University Of Alabama Beta 1992 195 Rollins College Sigma 1961 47 Birmingham, Al Sigma Winter Park, Fl Epsilon Prof.Catherine Danielora Prof. Nancy Decker AKANSAS Jacksonville University Kappa 1986 149 University Of Central Arkansas Alpha 1981 118 Jacksonville, Fl Delta Conway, Ar Omicron Prof. Therese O'connell-Vitrnt Prof. Nicole Hatfield University Of South Florida Beta 1990 186 ARIZONA Tampa, Fl Zeta Northern Arizona University Kappa 1931 159 Prof. Christin Probes Flagstaff, Az Pi University Of Florida Beta 1992 199 Prof. Patricia Frederick Gainesville, Fl Tau Thunderbird American Grad School Beta 1991 191 Prof. Cecile Lindsay Of International Management Mu Florida State University Epsilon 1998 226 Glendale, Az Tallahassee, Fl Alpha Prof.Salvatore Federico Prof. Antoine Spacagna University Of Arizona Gamma 1994 206 GEORGIA Tucson, Az Epsilon Agnes Scott College Kappa 1925 146 Prof. Delbert Phillips Decatur, Ga Alpha CALIFORNIA Prof. Rafael Ocasio University Of California Tau 1979 100 Emory University Sigma 1930 14 Riverside, Ca Tau Atlanta, Ga Prof. Carol Herron University Of Santa Clara Beta 1982 129 Wesleyan College Sigma 1966 54 Santa Clara, Ca Delta Macon, Ga Omicron Prof. Andrew I Rematore Prof. David Hitchcock Ca. State University At Fresno Eta 1984 143 Mercer University Eta 1979 92 Fresno, Ca Gamma Macon, Ga Eta Prof. Jacinta Amaral Prof. Jerry Winfield San Francisco State University Eta 1984 142 Morris Brown College Alpha 1980 116 San Francisco, Ca Alpha Atlanta, Ga Nu Prof. Ilona Vandergriff Prof. Earlene Frazier San Jose State University Kappa 1986 155 West Georgia College Alpha 1982 127 San Jose, Ca Mu Carrollton, Ga Omega Prof. Jean Luc Desalvo Prof. Kenneth Sapp Chico State University Beta 1992 197 IOWA Chico, Ca Rho University Of Iowa Delta-I 1926 302 Prof. Judy Shoaf Iowa City, Ia COLORADO Prof. John T. Nothnagle University Of Denver Alpha 1917 1 Coe College Zeta-I 1926 303 Denver, Co Alpha Cedar Rapids, Ia Prof. Ralph Difranco Prof.Edmund M. Burke University Of Northern Colorado Zeta 1928 3 Drake University Epsilon 1926 6 Greeley, Co Zeta Des Moines, Ia Prof. Teresa B Rodriguez Prof. Virginia Lewis University Of Colorado Epsilon 1928 305 Morningside College Nu-I 1929 306 Boulder, Co Epsilon-I Sioux City, Ia Prof. Julia Frey Prof. Patricia Doolen Colorado State University Sigma 1965 52 Iowa State University Sigma 1963 48 Fort Collins, Co Theta Ames, Ia Zeta Prof. Jerry Vedvik Prof. James R. Dow Colorado College Sigma 1967 57 ILLINOIS Colorado Springs, Co Pi Illinois Wesleyan University Eta-I 1926 301 Prof. Kevin J. O'connor Bloomington, Il Adams State College Iota 1978 78 Prof. Patricia Klingenberg Alamosa, Co Omicron Lake Forest College Mu 1929 12 Prof. Luis M. Trujillo Lake Forest, Il Fort Lewis College Chi 1978 89 Prof. Clayton Gray, Jr Durango, Co Northwestern University Phi 1936 20 Prof. Nicole Mosher Evanston, Il Epsilon Metropolitan St Col Of Denver Iota 1989 181 Prof. Rainer Rumold Denver, Co Kappa North Central College Phi 1955 40 Prof. Alain Ranwez Naperville, Il Chi CONNECTICUT Prof. Bernard Lebeau University Of Hartford Sigma 1969 63 Northern Illinois University Delta 1978 82 West Hartford, Ct Phi De Kalb, Il Prof. Yvonne Jehenson Prof. Fracis Valette Albertus Magnus College Pi 1979 98 Milikin University Alpha 1980 106 New Haven, Ct Pi Decatur, Il Beta Prof. Sharon Magnarelli Prof. Victor Duran
The Forum, Spring 2001 • 25 State University Chapter Year No. State University Chapter Year No.
Bradley University Kappa 1987 161 Northeastern University Iota 1976 72 Peoria, Il Rho Boston, Ma Zeta Prof. Penny M. Pucelik Prof. Holbrook Robinson Illinois College Alpha 1987 113 Gordon College Zeta 1978 83 Jacksonville, Il Kappa Wenham, Ma Prof. William Shaffer Prof. Leasa Lutes Illinois-Benedictine College Sigma 1989 179 MARYLAND Lisle, Il Nu University Of Maryland Alpha 1980 117 Prof Beth Joan Vinkler College Park, Md Xi Rockford College Beta 1990 185 Prof. Charles Russel Rockford, Il Eta United States Naval Academy Delta 1988 170 Dr. Joseph Kobylas Annapolis, Md Eta INDIANA Prof. Marianne Bosshard Depauw University Pi-I 1939 308 Western Maryland College Beta 1990 184 Greencastle, In Westminster, Md Alpha Prof. Thomas Deveny Indiana University Phi 1952 35 Loyola College In Maryland Gamma 1995 210 Bloomington, In Rho Baltimore, Md Iota Prof. Louis Beltran Prof.Leslie Z. Morgan Indiana State University Phi 1955 37 MAINE Terre Haute, In Tau Bates College Kappa 1928 7 Prof. Ronald Dunbar Lewiston, Me Wabash College Iota 1978 85 Prof. Richard Williamson Crawfordsville, In Colby College Omicron-I 1929 307 Prof. Thomas Stokes Waterville, Me Butler University Kappa 1986 154 Prof. Adriana Paliyenko Indianapolis, In Lambda University Of Maine Iota 1975 71 Prof. Florence Phariss Orono, Me Delta University Of Indianapolis Iota 1990 183 Prof. Kathelee March Indianapolis, In Omega University Of Southern Maine Kappa 1987 156 Prof. Daniel Briere Portland, Me Nu University Of Evansville Epsilon 1998 227 Prof. Mara Ubans Evansville, In Beta MICHIGAN Prof. Ann Baker Michigan State University Sigma 1964 51 Hanover College Epsilon 1999 229 East Lansing, Mi Kappa Hanover, In Delta Prof. Michael Koppisch Prof. Ann S. Kirkland University Of Michigan Sigma 1964 50 KANSAS Ann Arbor, Mi Iota Washburn University Of Topeka Kappa 1987 166 Prof. Frank Casas Topeka, Ks Psi University Of Michigan-Flint Rho 1979 99 Prof. William Langdon Flint, Mi Rho Fort Hays State University Sigma 1988 172 Prof. Alois Zeit Hays, Ks Nu Northern Michigan University Mu 1979 94 Prof. Mariana Ionesco Marquette, Mi Mu University Of Kentucky Phi 1950 33 Prof. George Jover Lexington, Ky Lambda University Of Michigan-Dearbor Gamma 1993 205 Prof. Roger Anderson Dearborn, Mi Delta Centre College Iota 1976 73 Prof. Cathy Collins Danville, Ky Eta MISSOURI Prof. Patricia Finch University Of Missouri Beta 1922 2 Kentucky Christian College Alpha 1981 121 Kansas City, Mo Beta Grayson, Ky Sigma Prof. Rafael E Saavedra Prof. Donald A Nash Washington University Gamma 1925 300 Northern Kentucky University Gamma 1997 222 St. Louis, Mo Gamma-I Highland Heights, Ky Phi Prof. Barbara Klaw William Jewell College Phi 1945 26 LOUISIANA Liberty, Mo Theta Louisiana State University Phi 1936 19 Prof. John Westlie Baton Rouge, La Alpha Saint Louis University Phi 1950 34 Prof. Margaret Parker Saint Louis, Mo Xi Tulane University Pai 1947 28 Prof. Robert D Herron New Orleans, La Kappa University Of Missouri Beta 1993 200 Prof.Elizabeth Poe Columbia, Mo Phi Centenary College Phi 1950 32 Prof. Margaret Sommers Shreveport, La Pi Missouri Southern St College Beta 1993 198 Prof. Arnold M Penuel Joplin, Mo Rho Southern University- N.O. Pi 1978 87 Prof. Maryam Weber New Orleans, La Northwest Missouri State Univ. Gamma 1996 216 Prof. Linda Lasseter Maryville, Mo Omicron Louisiana St. Univ./Shreveport Delta 1984 140 Prof. Slyvie Richards Shreveport, La Pi MONTANA ProF. Charlotte King Carroll College Gamma 1996 218 Southern University Beta 1992 193 Helena, Mt Rho Baton Rouge, La Xi Prof. Valerie Gager NORTH CAROLINA Mcneese State University Gamma 1997 221 Wake Forest University Sigma 1958 46 Lake Charles, La Epsilon Winston-Salem, Nc Delta Prof. Judy Savoie Prof. Byron Wells MASSACHUSETTS East Carolina University Sigma 1969 62 Boston University Phi 1956 42 Greenville, Nc Upsilon Boston, Ma Omega Prof. Brian L. Harris Prof. Hallie White North Carolina State University Alpha 1980 114 College Of The Holy Cross Sigma 1971 65 Raleigh, Nc Lambda Worcester, Ma Psi Profs. Wright And Lioret Prof. C. Fulginit 26 • The Forum, Spring 2001 State University Chapter Year No. State University Chapter Year No.
High Point College Delta 1984 139 Hamilton College Iota 1977 77 High Point, Nc Zeta Clinton, Ny Nu Prof. Carole A Head Prof. Joseph Mwantuali Methodist College Kappa 1985 148 Skidmore College Omicron 1979 97 Fayetteville, Nc Gamma Saratoga Springs, Ny Alpha Prof. J. Elain Porter Prof. Grace Burton Salem College Delta 1989 180 College Of New Rochelle Omega 1980 105 Winston-Salem, Nc Psi New Rochelle, Ny Omega Prof. Gary L. Jungquist Prof. Joan C. Diaferia Wingate College Beta 1991 190 St.University Of Ny At Buffalo Alpha 1980 112 Wingate, Nc Lamda Buffalo, Ny Iota Prof. Darlene Oak Prof. Henry J. Richards Catawba College Gamma 1993 204 Niagara University Alpha 1981 123 Salisbury, Nc Beta Niagara, Ny Upsilon Prof. Andrew Vance, Jr. Dr. Henrik Borgstrom Western Caroline University Gamma 1995 209 St. University-Ny At Geneseo Alpha 1981 124 Cullowhee, Nc Theta Geneseo, Ny Phi Prof. Suzanne Moore Prof. Gerard M Gouvernet NORTH DAKOTA St. Univ Of N.Y. At Oneonta Beta 1982 130 Valley City State College Iota 1989 182 Oneonta, Ny Epsilon Valley City, Nd Lambda Prof. Elizabet Otero-Krauthammer Prof. Kay K. Smith Pace University Delta 1984 138 NEBRASKA Westchester, Ny Epsilon University Of Nebraska Phi 1938 23 Prof. Noel Ortega Lincoln, Ne Delta St University Of Ny/Oswego Kappa 1986 152 Prof. Jorge E. Porras Oswego, Ny Eta Hastings College Delta 1989 177 Prof. Virginia Fichera Hastings, Ne Upsilon St University Of Ny/New Paltz Kappa 1987 168 Prof. Michael Johnson New Paltz, Ny Omega NEW HAMPSHIRE Prof. Louis Saraceno Plymouth State College Alpha 1981 119 St. Thomas Aquinas College Delta 1988 171 Plymouth, Nh Pi Sparkhill, Ny Mu Prof. Virginia Garlitz Sr. Perpetua Deane University Of New Hampshire Alpha 1981 115 University Military Academy Beta 1992 192 Durham, Nh Mu West Point, Ny Nu Prof. Grover E Marshall Capt. Louis Snowden Keene State College Beta 1993 201 Binghamton University Beta 1993 202 Keene, Nh Chi Binghamton, Ny Omega Prof. Lourdes Mallis Dr. Ira Tolbert NEW JERSEY Dowling College Beta 1993 199 Rutgers University Sigma 1969 60 Oakdale, Ny Upsilon New Brunswick, Nj Sigma Prof. Susan Rosenstreich Profs. Zatlin And Alvarez-Hesse Union College Gamma 1997 224 Caldwell College Kappa 1987 165 Schenectady, Ny Chi Caldwell, Nj Chi Prof. Anton Warde Prof. Sally Jo Weber OHIO College Of Saint Elizabeth Gamma 1997 225 The College Of Wooster Gamma 1926 5 Morristown, Nj Omega Wooster, Oh Prof.Hannelore Hahn Prof. David Wilkin Saint Peter's College Gamma 1997 223 Otterbein College Phi 1933 18 Jersey City, Nj Psi Westerville, Oh Prof. John Benson Dr. Marjorie Cornell NEW MEXICO Wittenberg University Phi 1936 21 New Mexico Highlands Univ. Lambda 1933 17 Springfield, Oh Beta Las Vegas, Nm Lambda Prof. Eric M. Steinle Prof. Jose P. Garcia Muskingum College Phi 1948 30 University Of New Mexico Phi 1948 29 New Concord, Oh Nu Albuquerque, Nm Mu Prof. Russell Brown Prof. Carolyn Simmons Hiram College Phi 1954 36 NEVADA Hiram, Oh Sigma University Of Nevada-Las Vegas Omega 1979 90 Prof. Ella Kirk Las Vegas, Nv Case Western Reserve Universit Phi 1956 41 Prof. Marie- France Hilgar Cleveland, Oh Psi NEW YORK Prof. Sharon Scinicariello University Of Rochester Rho 1930 58 Heidelberg College Sigma 1965 53 Rochester, Ny Tiffin, Oh Lambda Prof. David Pollack Hobart & William Smith College Phi 1940 25 Ohio University Sigma 1966 55 Geneva, Ny Eta Athens, Oh Xi Prof. George Joseph Prof. Herta Rodina Syracuse University Phi 1946 27 Ohio Wesleyan University Iota 1978 79 Syracuse, Ny Iota Delaware, Oh Xi Prof. Gail A. Mulman Prof. Susanne Bellocq St. University-Ny-Stony Brook Sigma 1967 56 Central State University Alpha 1979 104 Stony Brook, Ny Mu Wilberforce, Oh Gamma Prof. Bill Godfrey Prof. William Felker Alfred University - Box 806 Sigma 1969 61 Capital University Beta 1991 188 Alfred, Ny Tau Columbus, Oh Theta Prof. Zakia Robana Prof. Barbara Keller Pace University Sigma 1970 64 Marietta College Beta 1991 189 New York, Ny Chi Marietta, Oh Kappa Prof. Iride Lamartina-Lens Prof. Leo Daniels Mercy College Iota 1974 68 Kent State University Gamma 1996 217 Dobbs Ferry, Ny Beta Kent, Oh Pi Father Franco Virgilio Prof. Diane Fisher
The Forum, Spring 2001 • 27 State University Chapter Year No. State University Chapter Year No.
OHIO cont. PENNSYLVANIA cont. Ashland University Gamma 1997 220 Saint Joseph University Kappa 1987 163 Ashland, Oh Tau Philadelphia, Pa Phi Prof. William Cummins Prof. Richard Kipphorn, Jr. OKLAHOMA Kutztown University Kappa 1987 164 Cameron University Delta 1988 175 Kutztown, Pa Upsilon Lawton, Ok Rho Prof. Michael Paulson Prof. Teresa M Lubrano Gannon University Delta 1988 174 University Of Tulsa Gamma 1995 211 Erie, Pa Omicron Tulsa, Ok Kappa Prof. Berta M. Weber Prof. Reginald Hyatte Lycoming College Delta 1989 178 OREGON Williamsport, Pa Chi Williamette University Phi 1955 38 Prof. Paul A. Mackenzie Salem, Or Upsilon University Of Pennsylvania Beta 1992 196 Prof. Christin Gentzkow Edinboro, Pa Pi Portland State University Nu 1979 95 Prof. Judith Gromley Portland, Or Nu Marywood College Gamma 1994 203 Prof. Suwako Watanabe Scranton, Pa Alpha Southern Oregon State College Delta 1983 136 Prof. Victoria Jean Ashland, Or Sigma Chatham College Gamma 1995 212 Prof.Priscilla Hunter Pittsburgh, Pa Lambda Western Oregon State Universit Eta 1985 144 Prof. Janet Walker Mommouth, Or Delta University Of Pennsylvania Gamma 1995 208 Prof. Ruth E. Thurston-Taylor East Stroudsburg, Pa Eta PENNSYLVANIA Prof. Ralph Vitello Allegheny College Alpha 1922 0 Cabrini College Gamma 1995 215 Meadville, Pa (Founder) Radnor, Pa Xi Prof. Linda Demeritts Prof. Cynthia Halpern Allentown Coll/St.Francis Sals Kappa 1925 147 Mercyhurst College Gamma 1996 219 Center Valley, Pa Beta Erie, Pa Prof. Maria Schantz Prof. Alice Edwards Pennsylvania State University Beta 1925 4 Carnegie Mellon University Epsilon 1999 230 University Park, Pa Pittsburgh, Pa Epsilon Prof. Beno Weiss Prof. Susan Polansky Muhlenberg College Lambda 1928 11 RHODE ISLAND Allentown, Pa University Of Rhode Island Chi 1979 102 Prof. Patricia Debellis Kingston, Ri Chi Gettysburg College Tau 1931 15 Prof. Kenneth Rodgers Gettysburg, Pa Rhode Island College Beta 1982 128 Prof. Ronald D Burgess Providence, Ri Gamma Duquesne University Sigma 1971 66 Prof. Calvin Tillotson Pittsburgh, Pa Omega Providence College Delta 1983 132 Prof. Don Kellander Providence, Ri Beta Bloomsburg College Iota 1976 74 Prof. Raymond Lavalle Bloomsburg, Pa Theta SOUTH CAROLINA Prof. Patricia Dorame Furman University Sigma 1958 45 Saint Francis College Iota 1977 75 Greenville, Sc Gamma Loretto, Pa Iota Prof.C Maurice Cherry Prof. Vincent Remillard University Of South Carolina Iota 1974 69 Lincoln University Nu 1978 86 Columbia, Sc Gamma Lincoln University, Pa Prof. T. Bruce Fryer Prof. Celia Esplugas Converse College Alpha 1981 120 Eastern College Iota 1978 80 Spartanburg, Sc Rho Saint Davis, Pa Pi Prof. B. Brant Bynum Prof. Patricia Boehne SOUTH DAKOTA University Of Pittsburgh Xi 1979 96 University Of South Dakota Xi 1929 13 Pittsburgh, Pa Xi Vermillion, Sd Prof. Pamela Bacarisse Prof. Gervais Hittle Lebanon Valley College Alpha 1980 111 TENNESSEE Annville, Pa Theta Vanderbilt University Phi 1938 22 Prof. Diane Iglesias Nashville, Tn Gamma Millersville University Alpha 1981 126 Prof. Patricia Ward Millersville, Pa Psi Union University Omicron 1978 81 Prof. Ana Borger-Reese Jackson, Tn Holy Family College Delta 1983 134 Prof. Cynthia Jayne Torresdale, Pa Iota Middle Tennessee State University Kappa 1986 151 Prof. Marlene Smith Murfreesboro, Tn Zeta Moravian College Delta 1983 135 Prof. Nancy Goldberg Bethlehem, Pa Lambda Belmont University Gamma 1995 214 Prof. Astrid Kromayer Nashville, Tn Nu Ursinus College Delta 1983 131 Prof. Kim Jackson Collegeville, Pa Alpha TEXAS Prof. Douglas Cameron Texas Christian University Delta 1927 9 Lehigh University Delta 1984 141 Fort Worth, Tx Delta Bethlehem, Pa Phi Prof. Lee A. Daniel Prof. John Van Erle Texas Women's University Phi 1955 39 La Salle University Kappa 1986 153 Denton, Tx Phi Philadelphia, Pa Iota Prof. Ninfa Nik Prof. Glenn A. Morocco University Of Texas-Arlington Iota 1977 76 Susquehanna University Kappa 1987 158 Arlington, Tx Mu Selinsgrove, Pa Omicron Prof. Kimberly Van Noort Prof. Wanda L. Cordero-Ponce Southwest Texas State University Eta 1978 84 Rosemont College Kappa 1987 157 San Marcos, Tx Bryn Mawr, Pa Xi Prof. Marilyn Conwell
28 • The Forum, Spring 2001 State University Chapter Year No. State University Chapter Year No. TEXAS cont. WISCONSON cont. Austin College Upsilon 1979 101 Ripon College Sigma 1957 43 Sherman, Tx Upsilon Ripon, Wi Alpha Prof. Cynthia Manley Prof. Michelle French University Of North Texas Psi 1979 103 St. Norbert College Psi 1979 88 Denton, Tx Psi De Pere, Wi Prof. Pierina Beckman Prof. Ikuko Torimoto West Texas State University Alpha 1981 125 WYOMING Canyon, Tx Chi University Of Wyoming Theta 1928 10 Prof. Courtney Harrison Laramie, Wy Theta Texas Southern University Eta 1985 145 Prof. Martha Hanscum Houston, Tx Epsilon MEXICO Prof. Faride Reyes Universidad Regiomontana Alpha 1981 122 St. Mary's University Kappa 1987 167 Monterrey, Mx Tau San Antonio, Tx Theta Prof. Gabriela Eckart FRANCE University Of Texas-El Paso Beta 1990 187 The American University In Paris Kappa 1987 160 El Paso, Tx Iota Paris, Fr Sigma Prof. Joan Manley Prof. Roy Rosenstein University-Texas San Antonio Gamma 1995 213 San Antonio, Tx Mu Prof.Christoph Er J. Wickham Abilene Christian University Epsilon 1998 228 Abilene, Tx Gamma Prof. Mark Jones UTAH Happy University Of Utah Sigma 1967 59 Salt Lake City, Ut Rho Prof. Eduardo Elias Weber State College Kappa 1986 150 Ogden, Ut Epsilon Prof. Gary M. Godfrey Southern Utah University Gamma 1994 207 Anniversary Cedar City, Ut Zeta Prof. Dick Carlson VIRGINIA Phi Sigma Iota Chapters Mary Washington College Phi 1950 31 Fredericksburg, Va Omicron Prof. Sammy Merrill Chapter School Number James Madison University Sigma 1964 49 th Harrisonburg, Va Eta Happy 10 Anniversary Prof. Virginia Aliotti Virginia Polytech Inst & State Iota 1972 67 Beta Theta Capital University, OH 188 Blacksburg, Va Alpha Beta Kappa Marietta College, GA 189 Prof. Fabrice Tuelon University Of Richmond Iota 1975 70 Beta Lambda Wingate College, NB 190 Richmond, Va Epsilon Beta Mu Thunderbird Amer. Grad. School of Prof. J.C. Troncale International Management, GA 191 Hampden-Syndey College Kappa 1979 93 International Management, GA 191 Hampden-Syndey, Va Kappa Prof. Jorge A. Silveira Happy 20th Anniversary University Of Virginia Alpha 1980 109 Charlottesville, Va Zeta Prof.Elisabeth Ladenson Alpha Mu Univ. of New Hampshire, NH 115 Radford University Alpha 1980 107 Alpha Omicron Univ. of Central Arkansas, AR 118 Radford, Va Delta Prof. Janet Walker Alpha Pi Plymouth State College, NH 119 Lynchburg College Kappa 1987 162 Alpha Rho Converse University, SC 120 Lynchburg, Va Tau Prof. Kern L. Lunsford Alpha Sigma Kentucky Christian College, KY 121 Emory & Henry College Delta 1988 173 Alpha Tau Monterrey College, MX 122 Emory, Va Xi Alpha Upsilon Niagara University, NY 123 Prof. Helen Miseuheimer VIRGIN ISLANDS Alpha Phi State University/Genesco, NY 124 University Of The Virgin Islands Delta 1988 176 Alpha Chi West Texas State, TX 125 Saint Thomas, Vi Tau Alpha Psi Millersville University, PA 126 Prof. Gilbert Sprauve Alpha Psi Millersville University, PA 126 WASHINGTON University Of Washington Phi 1939 24 Happy 30th Anniversary Seattle, Wa Zeta Prof. Farris Anderson Sigma Psi College of the Holy Cross, MA 65 University Of Washington Phi 1939 24 Seattle, Wa Zeta Sigma Omega Duquesne University, PA 66 Prof. John Keeler Washington State University Beta 1992 194 Happy 40th Anniversary Pullman, Wa Omicron Prof.Ana Maria Rodriguez-Vival WISCONSIN Sigma Epsilon Rollins College, FL 47 Beloit College Theta 1926 8 Beloit, Wi Happy 70th Anniversary Prof. Donna Oliver Lawrence College Iota-I 1927 304 Appleton, Wi Tau Gettysburg College, PA 15 Prof. Judith Sarnecki Upsilon Birmingham Southern College, AL 16 Kappa Pi Northern Arizona Univ., AR 159
The Forum, Spring 2001 • 29 PUZZLE ANSWERS
Test-tube Language Colors of the World Anwers to brain teaser p. 19 Answers to criss-cross p. 19
Constructed Languages Natural Languages Across Down Danovën Arbërisht (Albanian spoken in Italy) 4. azur 1. amarillo Degaspregos Asturian (NW Iberian Penninsula) 5. weiss 2. yellow Esperanto Buhinon (Phillipines) 8. rouge 3. verde Ido Chichewa (Bantu) 10. lu 6. schwarz Jakelimotu Guarani (Paraguay) 11. shiloe 7. meigui Klingon Gujarati (western India) 12. lan 9. giallo Lojban Hausa (Africa) 13. azurro 14. rot Novial Hmong (SE Asia) 16. noir 15. bianco Neelan Lakhota (Sioux) 17. branco 17. black Tengwar Kamilaroi (Australia) 20. gelb 18. hei Vogu Konkani (Southern India) 22. blanc 19. bai Volapük Miao (China) 23. jaune 21. blau Xhamagas Ojibwe (Chippewa) 22. bleu Zoinx Sranan (Suriname)
For information on these languages see: http://123world.com/languages/index.html http://www.june29.com/HLP/
Discussion of the Navajo puzzle. P. 21
This issue is a pragmatosemantic one. English must criss-cross the agent and theme roles between active and passive voice. The Navajo language does not do this, but must keep constant the idea of a totem of living beings vs. inanimate beings as follows:
humans > higher animals > lower animals > inanimates > instruments.
So, Navajo speakers select any higher being to put before a lower being in any given sentence; then signals agent or theme by a prefix bi- or yi- .
Here, the pragmatosemantic issue involves totem structures. An English sentence such as “the dish was upset by the girl”, violates Navajo protocol, because “the dish” comes first in the English sentence, yet it is below “the girl”, a human, in the Navajo totem.
Items 6 and 8 are, respectively:
6. at’eed ashkii bi- zts’os theme agent theme-first + verb = PSV: ‘girl kissed by boy’
8. masi leechaa’i bi- shxash theme agent theme-first + verb
For example, sentence 10 should be:
lii’ tse yi- ztal horse rock agent-first + verb
The Forum, Spring 2001 • 30 Phi Sigma Iota is a vibrant, dynamic association ...with your help !
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