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Rediscovery of the Endangered Lichen Pseudocyphellaria Aurata (Lobariaceae, Ascomycota) in Mainland Spain

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Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 77 (2): e099 https://doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2558 ISSN-L: 0211-1322 Rediscovery of the endangered lichen Pseudocyphellaria aurata (Lobariaceae, Ascomycota) in mainland Spain Ibai OLARIAGA1, Graciela PAZ-BERMÚDEZ2, Javier CALVO3, Javier ETAYO4, María PRIETO5* 1,5 Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, Rey Juan Carlos University, Calle Tulipán s.n., 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain. 2,3 Universidade de Vigo, Escola de Enxeñaría Forestal, Departamento ERNMA, A Xunqueira s.n., 36005 Pontevedra, Spain. 4 Navarro Villoslada 16, 3º dcha., E-31003 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain. *Correspondence: [email protected] 1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0334-7750, 2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3724-8483, 3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1732-9449, 4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0392-0710, 5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1692-9821 Abstract. Lichens, as well as other organisms, should be considered Resumen. Los líquenes son una parte importante de la biodiversidad que important biodiversity components for the establishment of priorities in debería tenerse en cuenta para establecer prioridades en la biología de la conservation biology. In this study, we report six new recent localities of conservación. En este estudio, se citan 6 nuevas localidades en las que el the highly endangered, epiphytic macrolichen Pseudocyphellaria aurata in líquen epífito Pseudocyphellaria aurata, gravemente amenazado, ha sido Spain: two in Navarra and four in A Coruña. Previous Spanish reports based hallado recientemente: 2 localidades en Navarra y 4 en A Coruña. Registros on literature and herbarium specimens suggest a reduction of the distribution bibliográficos y especímenes de herbario previos sugieren que P. aurata ha area of P. aurata and local extinction. Pseudocyphellaria aurata is known to sufrido una regresión en su área de distribución. Se considera P. aurata extinta en be extinct in six localities, where it has not been observed since the middle 6 localidades en las que no se ha observado desde mediados del siglo XIX (Cádiz, of the 19th century (Cádiz, Pontevedra, Málaga). Four records reported for Pontevedra, Málaga). Cuatro citas del centro peninsular (Zaragoza, Salamanca, central Spain (Zaragoza, Salamanca, Teruel) are considered unplausible. Teruel) no se consideran plausibles. Todas las nuevas localidades albergan The newly discovered populations are located in well-preserved patches of manchas bien conservadas de bosque atlántico, en lugares con fuerte influencia atlantic deciduous forest with strong oceanic influence, whose long-term oceánica y con presencia de árboles centenarios que sugieren continuidad ecological stability seems evident because of the presence of ancient trees. ecológica. Sin embargo, las poblaciones de P. aurata descubiertas son pequeñas, Nevertheless, these populations are small, fragmentary, and are threatened by fragmentadas, y están amenazadas por degradación de hábitat, explotación habitat degradation, forestry and maybe fungal pathogens. Two populations, forestal y quizás, hongos patógenos. Dos poblaciones, Intzola y Beba (Navarra Intzola and Beba (Navarra and A Coruña, respectively), account for 75.7% of y A Coruña, respectivamente), albergan el 75,7 % de los talos. Las localidades thalli. The localities with the highest number of trees colonized by P. aurata en las que se han contabilizado más árboles colonizados por P. aurata son Santa are Santa Leocadia and Beba in A Coruña. We reassessed the conservation Leocadia y Beba en A Coruña. Con los datos recopilados, evaluamos el estado de status of this species concluding that conservation initiatives must be conservación de P. aurata, concluyendo que deben de implementarse iniciativas implemented to avoid its extinction in mainland Spain. de conservación para evitar su extinción en la España peninsular. Keywords. Conservation biology, IUCN, local extinction, red-listing. Palabras clave. Biología de la conservación, extinción local, IUCN, listas rojas. How to cite this article: Olariaga I., Paz-Bermúdez G., Calvo J., Etayo J., Prieto M. 2020. Rediscovery of the endangered lichen Pseudocyphellaria aurata (Lobariaceae, Ascomycota) in mainland Spain. Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 77: e099. https://doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2558 Title in Spanish: Redescubrimiento del líquen amenazado Pseudocyphellaria aurata (Lobariaceae, Ascomycota) en la España peninsular. Associate Editor: Isabel Martínez. Received: 18 April 2020; accepted: 7 October 2020; published online: 4 January 2021. INTRODUCTION The family Lobariaceae includes foliose macrolichens mostly associated with well-preserved forest ecosystems. The Although numerous threats are currently affecting global whole family, although not yet formally listed in the IUCN Red biodiversity, lichens are often overlooked when establishing List, has been proposed for Global Red Listing because the priorities for conservation biology (IUCN 2015). Given the majority of its species are probably threatened (Baillie & al. importance of epiphytic lichens in many forest ecosystems 2004). Pseudocyphellaria aurata (Ach.) Vain. is probably one (Hayward & Rosentreter 1994), and their value as indicators of the most threatened species of Lobariaceae in continental of environmental changes and climatic conditions (Benítez Europe and has been included in a number of national and & al. 2012; Matos & al. 2015), these organisms should be regional red lists (e.g., Woods & Coppins 2012; Kon & Ohmura considered in conservation initiatives. In order to evaluate the 2014; Roux & al. 2016). With a cosmopolitan distribution in conservation status of lichen species, a deep understanding of tropical areas of the world (Galloway 1998), P. aurata is also the ecology and distribution of the target species is required found in drier, warmer, coastal areas in cool temperate regions (Scheidegger & Werth 2009). Copyright: © 2020 CSIC. This is an open-access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial Lisence (CC BY 4.0). Olariaga & al. 2 (Galloway & Arvidsson 1990). In Europe, P. aurata is a rare of Lobariaceae (Moncada & al. 2013) does not resolve the species reported from Great Britain, France, Italy, Portugal, and relationships among lineages assigned to Pseudocyphellaria Spain (Degelius 1935; Nimis & Martellos 2017), whereas the s.l., so far a morphologically well recognizable genus. Thus, records from Switzerland are considered doubtful (Nimis 1993). we consider it premature to split Pseudocyphellaria into European populations of P. aurata have been stated to be in several smaller genera. This avoids unnecessary changes if the decline in France (Roux & al. 2016) and Great Britain (Smith & monophyly of Pseudocyphellaria s.l. is demonstrated by future al. 2009), and to be extinct in Italy (Nimis & Martellos 2017), phylogenetic analyses. but the general state of the populations remains unknown in Coordinates are provided in decimal format (WGS84). Europe (Serusiaux 1989) including the Iberian Peninsula. For each new species occurrences, the exact locality, In their revision of Iberian Lobariaceae, Burgaz & Martínez approximate elevation above sea level, annual precipitation (1999) cited material from 10 localities in Portugal, but one and temperature were recorded. Climatic data were obtained single from Spain (Carballal & al. 1985), collected in 1978 from Meteogalicia (www.meteogalicia.gal/observacion/rede/ (SANT-Lich. 133) in Fragas do Eume Natural Park (A Coruña). redeIndex.action?request_locale=gl) and Meteorología y Despite visiting this locality several times, P. aurata has not Climatología de Navarra (http://meteo.navarra.es/estaciones/ been found there again (López de Silanes, pers. comm). mapadeestaciones.cfm) webpages. Annual mean temperature The presence of Pseudocyphellaria aurata in mainland and annual precipitation were calculated based on all Spain prior to the report by Carballal & al. (1985) is enigmatic. available data from the nearest station to each site and located Although quite a few reports exist, no specimens or recent at a similar altitude. Herbarium specimens were examined observations have been made since the 19th century and it either by loaning herbarium specimens (H-Ach), during is unclear whether bibliographic reports of P. aurata can be visits to herbaria (PC, I. Olariaga) or by viewing high-quality attributed to misidentifications. Pseudocyphellaria aurata scans (MAF-Lich, PC) when available. Material from Bertiz has been reported from Andalusia (Colmeiro 1867; Jovet (Navarra) and Intzola populations (Navarra) of P. aurata is 1941) and the French Basque Country (Jovet 1941). During deposited in ARAN-Fungi fungarium (Thiers 2020). his doctoral thesis, Etayo (1989) searched for P. aurata, intensively in Navarra without success, and that led Etayo (2002) to consider it extinct in the Western Pyrenees. However, RESULTS more recent finds in southern France (Vivant 1988) and in the Pseudocyphellaria aurata has been found in six new Pyrénées Atlantiques department (Roux & al. 2016), not far localities in Spain, two in Navarra (Bertiz, Intzola) and from the boundary with Spain, support the possibility that four in A Coruña (Albariña, Beba, Devesa de Anllares, P. aurata is present in the Spanish Pyrenees. Santa Leocadia), and was also re-discovered in the French During fieldwork in the Western Pyrenees and Galicia, Pyrenean locality (Intzola, French Basque Country) cited by Pseudocyphellaria aurata was found in six new localities and Jovet (1941). However, P. aurata
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