Three New Species of Buchotrigonia Dietrich, 1938 (Bivalvia; Trigonioida), from the Lower Cretaceous of Colombia
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Three new species of Buchotrigonia Dietrich, 1938 (Bivalvia; Trigonioida), from the Lower Cretaceous of Colombia Tomás Villamil Department 01 Geological Sciences, CB-250,University 01 Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309-0250, U. S. A. ABSTRAeT This paper describes three new Berriasian species of the genus Buchotrigonia Dietrich, 1938 from Colombia: Buchotrigonia etayoi sp. nov., B. perezi sp. nov., and B. kauffmani sp. nov. They are the oldest known species of the genus Buchotrigonia in the world. Key words: Sys/ematics, B/va/via, Trigonio/da, Bucho/rigonia, Lower Cre/aceous, Berriasian, Colombia. RESUMEN Tres nuevas especies de Buchotrigonia Dietrich, 1938 (Bivalvia; Trigonioida) del Cretácico Inferior de Colombia. En el presente artículo se describen tres nuevas especies del género Buchotrigonia Dietrich, 1938, del Berriasiano de Colombia: Buchotrigonia etayoi sp. nov., B. perezi sp. nov. y B. kauffmani sp. nov. Las especies propuestas son las más antiguas conocidas de este género en el mundo. Palabras claves: Sistemática, Bivalvia, Trigonioida, Buchotrigonia, Cretácico Inferior, Berriasiano, Colombia. INTRODUCTlON Leopold von Buch (1839) first described the Campanian (Buchotrígonia topocalmensis Pérez y bivalve Trigonia abrupta in his work on South American Reyes, 1980, from Chile). fossils collected by the naturalist Alexander von The three new species described herein are Humboldt in 1836. One hundred years later, Dietrich the oldest known members of Buchotrigonía. These (1938) assigned this species to Buchotrigonia, a new fossils were collected by the author in 1987 in the subgenus. Subsequently, Cox (1952) elevated area west of Departamento de Cundinamarca, Co Buchotrigonia to generic status and divided it into the lombia, from coarse turbiditic sandstones and nominal subgenera Buchotrigonia, and Syrotrigonia. conglomerates ofthe middle Cáqueza Group (Villamil, The record of Buchotrigonia s. str. in the Americas is 1990) (text-Figs. 1, 2). extensive with several species that have been The Cáqueza Group, originally defined by described from the United States, Venezuela, Co Hubach (1945), represents the first transgressive lombia, Perú and Chile in strata ranging in age from regressive cycle ofthe Colombian Cretaceous (cycle Berriasian (new species described herein) to late 1 of Macellari, 1988). The lower unit of the Cáqueza Revis/a Geológica de Chíle, Vo/. 19, No. 2, p. 227-239.7 Figs., 1 Pla/e, 1 Table, December 1992. 228 THREE NEW SPECIES OF BUCHOTRIGONIA DIETRICH, 1938 (BIVAlVIA; TRIGONIOIOA), FROM THE LOWER CRETACEOUS ... o 51'30" o 5 0'30" COLOMBIA I~~t~ttl Shallow water·facies U Coarse-grained turbidites Q Fine-grained turbidites r-..... t............. ::; Berriasian shoreline o o 7431'30" 74 30' 30" Text-FIG. 1. a-Index map showing the type localities of Buchotrigonia etayoisp. nov. and B. kauffmanisp.nov. (Iocality A), and B. perezi sp. nov. (locality B), located about 50 km northwest of Bogotá; b- the map on the right shows the Berriasian deposits in Colombia, modified from Etayo-Serna et al., 1976. Group is composed of dark siliceous shales facies distribution; text-Fig. 2). The type Cáqueza interbedded partly with turbidite sandstones. The represents more distal deposits, compared to the middle portio n ofthis group shows many more turbidite Cáqueza Group near the Vi lleta - Utica region. beds; this unit shallows upward into the upper part of Two detailed stratigraphic sections of the the Cáqueza Group which is composed of shallow Cáqueza Group were measured in the western part marine sandstones. A marked transgressive surface of Departamento de Cundinamarca, Colombia, where overlaysthe upperunit ofthe Cáqueza Group; marine the sequence is composed of turbiditic sandstones black shales of the Villeta Group rest abruptly aboye interbedded with hemipelagic shales (text-Fig. 2). the upper Cáqueza unit; these facies persist then for The trigoniids occur as transported specimens within long in the Cretaceous. The lower boundary of the coarse sandstone beds representing the 'A' interval Cáqueza Group does not crop out in the region of the Bouma turbidite model. The shells occur in studied; east of Bogotá, it overlies a Tithonian con consistent orientations within different parts of t1e glomerate. turbidite beds; trigoniids generally occur as single The type section of the Cáqueza Group is valves which are concave up in the lower part of the located nearthevillage ofthe same name, 40 km east 'A' turbidite layers, and concave down in the upper of Bogotá. The facies, however, are markedly different. part (text-Fig. 3). They are composed of thinly bedded andfine-grained The upper Cáqueza Group contains trigoniids turbidite deposits interbedded with organic-rich shales. of the genus Mediterraneotrigonia Nakano, 1974, in In the area studied in the present work, the Cáqueza life position; however, no Buchotrigonia were found Group is composed of thick, coarse-grained turbidite in this upper unit. deposits interbedded with pelagic shales (text-Fig. 1, T. V¡IIamll 229 Text-FIG. 2. SectionsoltheCáquezaGroup, SEcnON MEASURED SECTION MEASURED lower and intermediate unit. The BE1WEEr,.¡ TOBIA AND UTICA. BE1WEEN VILLETA ANO LA LOCALlTY B (see teXl-lig. 1 al MAGDALENA, LOCALlTY A section on the left was measured (see teXl-lig. 1 al on the railroad Utica -Tobia. The section on the right was measured between Vi lleta and Series LM-071. ~ La Magdalena. a: __ Holotypes 01 B. etayo; sp. nov. e:."' an<! B. D.. ::¡ kauffmani sp. O nov. a: el N "'UJ ::¡ a "'o Sandstones and D conglomerates Claystones and O siltstones • Pelagic shales ~ Line 01 correlation Text-FIG . 3. Simplifiedportionolastratigraphic column 01 the Cáqueza Group, lower interval, measured in the railroad that leads to Tobia from Utica. This figure shows!he coarse sandstones Irom where the lossils were collected, and a sketch of Ihe arrangement of valvas in the outcrop. The type Cáqueza Group is composed 01 more dista facies and does not contain abundant Buchotrigof"Jia spp. probably because the energy of the turbidite flow was not enough to carry fragments that large. Only scattered Buchotrigonia and Pterotrigor.ia van Hoepen, 1929 have been collected by the author from the type Cáqueza Group; smaller fossils are 'TIore common. Vernication of the differences between the three new species here described, in comparison with B. abrupta (type species) and B. topocalmensis, Angle1}- Idegrees) was perfo-med using two independent biometrical Text-FIG.4. Schematic Buchotrigonia showing the two methods, One of them utilized two external measured features; d= distance between any ornamentation characteristics, each of which can be given point in the carina and the anteriorflank; measured several times in one shell. These are the ,,= angle formed by the marginal carina and angle that the marginal carina forms with each the costae that cross that same point. subvertica flank costae, and the perpendicular Comparison of the regression lines of d vs. " distance from the subvertical flank costae to the lorthe type specíes ofthe genus (bold line) and carina (texí-Fig. 4). After plotting all the data for 0i for the three new species. 230 THREE NEW SPECIES OF BUCHOTRIGONIA DIETRlcH, 1938 (BIVALVIA; TRIGONIOIDA), FROM THE LOWER CRETACEOUS ••• (carina - costae angle) and d (distance to carina) to the point where the flank costae begin to break regression lines were calculated and drawn (text-Fig. (dh); b- a distance perpendicularto dh from the point 4). Regression equations and correlation coefficients where the flank costae begin to break to the marginal are shown in text-figure 4. The other method was by carina (di); c-the number of costae percentimeter on means of two relatively indepenclent measurements. the anteriorflank (text-Fig. 6). The graph in text-figure Three-dimensional graphs using independent 6 shows morphologic clusters, each representing measured characters support the separation of one species. morphologic clusters (species). The following The main advantage of these two methods is characteristics were measured on the external surface that juvenile specimens, fossil fragments, and im of each shell or mold: a- the distance from the umbo pressions can all be measured and analyzed. SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS Order Trigonioida Dall, 1889 Superfamily Trigoniacea Lamarck, 1819 Family Trigoniidae Lamarck, 1819 Genus Buchotrigonia Dietrich, 1938 LM 071 - s2', a left valve; LM 071 - s8, a left valve; LM 071 - 9, a left valve (P11, Fig. 7); LM 071 -10, fragment Type species: Buchotrigonia abrupta (von Buch, of a well preserved anterior region of a shell (PI. 1, 1839). Aptian of Colombia. Fig. 2), LM 071 - s19, a left valve internal mold, that Diagnosis (emend.): Medium to large shells (5-8 cm shows the adductor and pedal retractor muscle scar long) with trigonal to elongate-elliptical outline. Wide (PI. 1, Fig. 3). area with oblique costae in early growth stages, Repository: Laboratorio de Estratigrafía, Departa which diverges in chevron-like mannerfrom those of mento de Geociencias, Universidad Nacional de the flank, then smooth. Flank with three different Colombia, Bogotá. types of costae: eccentric in early growth stages, and Type locality: The type locality is on the south side subsequently subvertical and transverse. Flank of the road between Villeta and La Magdalena costae in late growth stages are not continuous. (Cundinamarca, Colombia), 1 km east of La Magda Distribution. Buchotrigonia is distributed in America, lena W 59' 11.25" N; 74° 32'18.75" W), text-Fig. 1 , Spain