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For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. EPA Export 26-07-2013:23:59:44 Archaeological Assessment, Dredging and Dumping Development, Tarbert Power Plant, River Shannon Estuary, Co. Kerry. Document prepared by: Boland Archaeological Services Ltd. , Arden Road, Tullamore, Co.Offaly, Tel. and Fax: 0506-41488 Mobile 087 2653468 Data Acquisition: Mr. Donal Boland Data Processing and Interpretation: Mr. Donal Boland Historical Data: Mr. Rory McNeary Geophysical survey conducted under The National Monuments Act 1930-1994: Licence No. 02R181 020120 Client: Electricity Supply Board BAS Ltd. Report Number BAS 01-01-03 For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. Boland Archaeoloaical Services Ltd.: BAS 01-01-03 Page-2 EPA Export 26-07-2013:23:59:44 Archaeological Assessment, Dredging and Dumping Development, Tarbert Power Plant, River Shannon Estuary, Co. Kerry. CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction 1.2 The Site 1.3 The Development 1.4 Historical and Archaeological Background 1.5 Sites and Monuments Record of Tarbert 1.6 Shipwrecks Listed for the Area of Tarbert 2. THE SITE SURVEY 2.1 The Site Survey Design 2.2 The Foreshore Surveys 2.3 Dredge and Dump Site Surveys 3. IMPACTS CONCLUSIONS MITIGATION 3.1 Impacts 3.2 Conclusions 3.3 Mitigation 4. BIBLIOGRAPHY For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. 4.1 Geophysical References 4.2 Historical Sources Boland Archaeoloaical Services Ltd.: BAS 01 -01 -03 Page-3 EPA Export 26-07-2013:23:59:44 Archaeological Assessment, Dredging and Dumping Development, Tarbert Power Plant, River Shannon Estuary, Co. Kerry. 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 INTRODUCTION The Electricity Supply Board. commissioned Boland Archaeological Services Ltd. to conduct an archaeological assessment of a dredging zone and associated dumping area at Tarbert, River Shannon Estuary, County Kerry. (Figure 1.1). The high-resolution geophysical survey assessment was conducted in November 2002, and the acquired data processed and I interpreted by BAS Ltd. during December 2002. For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. The aims of the investigation, as outlined by Duchas are: To identify areas of potential archaeology; To identify potential archaeological structures; To identify potential archaeological artefacts; Provide co-ordinates, which allow relocation of features identified. Boland Archaeoloaical Services Ltd.: BAS 01 -01 -03 Page-4 EPA Export 26-07-2013:23:59:44 Archaeological Assessment, Dredging and Dumping Development, Tarbert Power Plant, River Shannon Estuary, Co. Kerry. 1.2 THE SITE Tarbert is the name given to an island and town in the parish of Kilnaughton, barony of Iraghticonnor, county of Kerry (Lewis 1837, 596). The town is situated on a steep slope overlooking the river Shannon, about 35 miles below Limerick, and to the south of Tarbert Island, which is connected by a causeway to the main headland (Room 1986, 118). The name Tarbert indicates a narrow neck of land or isthmus (Joyce 1902, III, 567) where boats . and their contents can be carried across. On the southern shore of the lower Shannon estuary between Tarbert ar;Jd Foynes the estuary is at its narrowest, being c. 1.25 km wide (O'Sullivan 2001, 40) (fig 1.1, 1.2 & 1.3). u !' .. u u ~, u '"' II U " n ..: " .... .. \ -< .... '" .. .... "-< II .... -<-< '\ ~-< ... For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. Figure 1.2: Site location chart Figure 1.3: Site location image Boland Archaeoloaical Services Ltd.: BAS 01-01 -03 Page-5 EPA Export 26-07-2013:23:59:45 Archaeological Assessment, Dredging and Dumping Development, Tarbert Power Plant, River Shannon Estuary, Co. Kerry. 1.3 THE DEVELOPMENT The development, which has been completed, entailed the removal of estuarine silts, which had accumulated along the shoreline adjacent to the cooling water intake of Tarbert power plant. The silt build-up was removed utilising a grab dredger and associated dump barge. The dredge materi al was disposed of at an adjacent deep-water dumpsite. I Location of area dredged Westing Northing go 21 ' 38" W 52° 35' 21 .5" N Co-ordinates of the dumpsite Westing Northing go 21 ' 30" W 52° 35' 32" N go 21 ' 15" W 52° 35' 35" N go 21 ' 50" W 52° 35' 53" N go 21 ' 35" W 52° 35' 77" N Positions given in Degrees, Minutes For, Seconds inspection purposes. WGS84 only. Datum Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. The location of the dredge site and the site at which the dredged material was disposed of is detailed (Fig1.4) on the site chart provided by the Electricity Supply Board. Boland Archaeoloqical Services Ltd.: BAS 01-01-03 Page-6 EPA Export 26-07-2013:23:59:45 Archaeological Assessment, Dredging and Dumping Development, Tarbert Power Plant, River Shannon Estuary, Co. Kerry. .,... - - . T e r '" i I ~P~OPC6 E :D :',',.".;\ . ., '~r"": .~ iT {;. ~ - ,. ,." -' II. f .. ::,fj, ·'... A ,,)" .:.'" 18. .. .... "- It:>, - .~ .... ~I-' IU'" ~ ","'1 '-. ;c· .'J ' .' IS ,. ,- I ;] ,. ". I:. .,'11; For inspection purposes only. Consent of copyright owner required for any other use. / I Figure 1.4: The location of the dredge and dumpsite. Boland Archaeoloaical Services Ltd.: BAS 01-01 -03 Page-7 EPA Export 26-07-2013:23:59:45 Archaeological Assessment, Dredging and Dumping Development, Tarbert Power Plant, River Shannon Estuary, Co . Kerry. 1.4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 1.4.1 Introduction Tarbert is the name given to an island and town in the parish of Kilnaughton, barony of Iraghticonnor, county of Kerry (Lewis 1837, 596). The town is situated on a steep slope overlooking the river Shannon, about 35 miles below Limerick, and to the south of Tarbert Island, which is connected by a causeway to the main headland (Room 1986, 118). The name Tarbert indicates a narrow neck of land or isthmus (Joyce 1902, III, 567) where boats I and their contents can be carried across. On the southern shore of the lower Shannon estuary between Tarbert and Foynes the estuary is at its narrowest, being c. 1.25 km wide (O'Sullivan 2001 , 40). The tidal limit of the Shannon estuary is above Limerick City, which is 96 km from the open ocean. The deepest part of the estuary is at its mouth, although relatively deep water also exists in the constricted Tarbert Race, where the tidal flows are greatest. The upper estuary, east of the Tarbert Race, is generally shallower, with extensive mudflats (see O'Sullivan 2001). Maximum tidal velocities occur in the narrowest part of the estuary at Tarbert Race, reaching 2.5m S-1 north-east of Tarbert Island (Nairn et al. 1997) (48) . 1.4.2 Maritime Activity The Bay of Tarbert extends between the town and the island of the same name and is formed by a deep bight terminated by a small river flowing into it near the town , and is sheltered on the north-west side by the Island. In the past it was an important location for shipping as it was capable of affording 'a safe and commodious roadstead for about 150 vessels of the For inspection purposes only. largest class' and was consideredConsent an of copyright'asylum owner harbour required for' (Lewis any other use.1837). This 'roadstead' enabled ships to anchor south-east of the island, sheltered from westerly and south-westerly winds. The eighteenth and nineteenth centuries saw an intensification of maritime activity around the Shannon estuary and harbours such as Tarbert were developed (Henry 1996, 141; Breen and Callaghan 2001 , 239). A pier was built on the south-east side of Tarbert Island during the course of the 1830s, at a pOint recommended by Captain Mudge in his report to the Board of Public Works (Lewis 1837, 597). The City of Dublin Steam Packet Company leased a section of the shore at Tarbert and built a stone pier and wharf in the nineteenth century (National Archive file OPW 8/-347, Piers and Harbours). These facilities helped Tarbert consolidate its position as the main ferry point across the estuary and the town became the principal landing place for passengers from Dublin and Limerick to Tralee and the Lakes of Killarney. The Steam Navigation Company also built a road along the shore of the bay, from the town to the island, for the convenience of their passengers. There was at this time no nearer point of embarkation than the inner side of the island. By 1880 there was a further pier at Tarbert Boland Archaeoloaical Services Ltd.: BAS 01 -01 -03 Page-8 EPA Export 26-07-2013:23:59:45 Archaeological Assessment, Dredging and Dumping Development, Tarbert Power Plant, River Shannon Estuary, Co. Kerry. (Breen and Callaghan 2001 , 238). This pier belonged to the Shannon Commissioners. However, siltation in the harbour was a growing problem (Anon. 1880, 10). Tarbert was the main Kerry port in the estuary throughout the post-medieval period (Breen and Callaghan 2001) and is clearly depicted on John Speed's map of Ireland, published in his Theatre of the empire of Great Britain in 1612 (O'Sullivan, A. 2001, 19). In the nineteenth century the town had an export trade in corn, butter, pigs, and other agricultural produce raised in the surrounding district (Lewis 1837). About 50,000 barrels of grain, and 25,000 I pigs, were annually exported, and the export of butter during the season averaged about 200 firkins per month (Lewis 1837). These products were chiefly sent to Limerick, with which city and the town of Kilrush it had a communication, in summer daily, and in winter on alternate days, by the vessels of the Inland Steam Navigation Company.