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Die Welt Des Islam Die Welt Des Islam Aus Westlich Demokratischer Sicht

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Die Welt Des Islam Die Welt Des Islam Aus Westlich Demokratischer Sicht 251 / JULI 2003 (SONDERDRUCK) 43. JAHRGANG Die Welt des Islam Die Welt des Islam aus westlich demokratischer Sicht Sonderdruck mit Beiträgen aus der Verbandszeitschrift AUFTRAG Nr. 240 / Sep 2000 bis 250 / April 2003 der Gemeinschaft Katholischer Soldaten (GKS) und weiteren aktuellen Artikeln zum Thema Zusammengestellt und bearbeitet von Paul Schulz und Klaus Brandt Herausgegeben von der Gemeinschaft Katholischer Soldaten – GKS Redaktion, Bildbearbeitung und Druckvorstufe: Paul Schulz Druck: Köllen Druck und Verlag, Bonn © 2003 Gemeinschaft Katholischer Soldaten – GKS Inhaltsverzeichnis 5 Inhaltsverzeichnis Vorwort.........................................................................................13 I. DIE GRUNDLAGEN DES ISLAM. EIN BEITRAG ZUR LEHRE MOHAMMEDS von Volker W. Böhler .........................15 1. Vorbemerkungen ....................................................................16 2. Der Islam, die „Hingabe an Gott“ ..........................................16 3. Die Koranische Lehre ............................................................17 3.1 Der Koran ......................................................................... 17 3.2 Die Glaubensgebote des Islam .......................................... 18 3.3 Die Säulen des Islam ........................................................ 19 3.4. Sunna und Hadithe ........................................................... 19 3.5. Die Scharia ....................................................................... 20 4. Hauptrichtungen ....................................................................20 4.1 Sunniten............................................................................ 20 4.2 Schiiten............................................................................. 21 5. Christentum und Islam ..........................................................22 5.1 Gemeinsamkeiten.............................................................. 22 5.2 Gegensätze ........................................................................ 22 6. Krieg und Frieden im Islam ...................................................22 7. Eine Religion unter dem Schwert? ........................................23 8. Ausblick ..................................................................................25 Anmerkungen...............................................................................26 II. ISLAM UND WESTLICHE WELT von Dieter Kilian .............27 1. Annäherung oder Konfrontation – Die muslimische Welt im 21. Jahrhundert ................................................................28 1.1 Einführung ........................................................................ 28 6 Inhaltsverzeichnis 1.2 Meilensteine islamischer Geschichte in 14 Jahrhunderten .... 31 1.2.1 Schwieriger Beginn ................................................ 31 1.2.2 Machtkampf ........................................................... 32 1.2.3 Königsmord ........................................................... 34 1.2.4 Zwischenbilanz ...................................................... 34 1.2.5 Blitzerfolge ............................................................ 35 1.2.6 Reaktion aus Rom.................................................. 35 1.2.7 Rückschläge .......................................................... 36 1.2.8 Zenit ...................................................................... 36 1.2.9 Neue Ufer .............................................................. 37 1.2.10 Versuchung auf dem Balkan................................... 37 1.2.11 Ägyptisches Intermezzo ......................................... 38 1.3 Finale .............................................................................. 38 1.4 Fazit .............................................................................. 39 Anmerkungen ............................................................................. 39 2. Religiöse Grundlagen und Rechtssystem ..............................42 2.1 Die Pflichten ..................................................................... 42 2.2 Das Buch .......................................................................... 44 2.3 Das Beispiel ...................................................................... 45 2.4 Die Rechtsgelehrten .......................................................... 45 2.5 Das Rechtssystem ............................................................. 47 2.6 Menschenrechte und Staatstheorie .................................... 48 2.7 Toleranz ............................................................................ 49 2.8 Fazit .............................................................................. 51 Anmerkungen ............................................................................. 52 3. Islam und Christentum ..........................................................55 3.1 Die geschichtliche Bürde .................................................. 55 3.2 Die religiöse Kluft ............................................................. 56 3.3 Der einseitige Brückenbau ................................................ 58 3.4 Die muslimische Zurückhaltung ....................................... 60 3.5 Ein langer Weg .................................................................. 62 3.6 Die neue Chance ............................................................... 63 3.7 Fazit und Ausblick ............................................................ 65 Anmerkungen ............................................................................. 66 Inhaltsverzeichnis 7 4. Islam und Sicherheitspolitik ..................................................70 4.1 Das Konzept des Krieges im Koran ................................... 70 4.2 Der Heilige Krieg.............................................................. 75 4.3 Die Zeit der Ohnmacht...................................................... 76 4.4 Die islamische Militärmacht ............................................. 78 4.5 Die islamische Bombe....................................................... 81 4.6 Terror als Waffe ................................................................. 82 4.7 Innerislamische Konflikte ................................................. 83 4.8 Fazit .............................................................................. 85 4.9 Ausblick............................................................................ 86 Anmerkungen ............................................................................. 87 5. Die Frau im Islam ...................................................................91 5.1 Einleitung ......................................................................... 91 5.2 Die Frau im Christentum und im Islam ............................. 91 5.3 Der Prophet und die Frauen .............................................. 94 5.4 Die Frau in der islamischen Geschichte ............................ 95 5.5 Die Frau in der Religion .................................................... 96 5.6 Muslimische Frauenbewegungen ....................................... 98 5.7 Die Bekleidung ............................................................... 100 5.8 Partnerwahl und Hochzeit ............................................... 100 5.9 Mehrehe .......................................................................... 101 5.10 Scheidung ....................................................................... 102 5.11 Bildung und Beruf........................................................... 103 5.12 Ausblick.......................................................................... 106 Anmerkungen ........................................................................... 107 Literaturverzeichnis................................................................. 113 III. URSACHEN FÜR KONFLIKTE ZWISCHEN ISLAM UND WESTLICHER WELT .................................................. 115 1. Araber, Europäer und Amerikaner im Irak-Konflikt. ...... 116 Wie die entsprechenden Weltanschauungen zu unter- schiedlichen Wahrnehmungen führen von Bassam Tibi ... 116 2. Arabischer Bericht über die menschliche Entwicklung.... 125 8 Inhaltsverzeichnis IV. RELIGIONSFREIHEIT UND TOLERANZ IN LÄNDERN MIT MUSLIMISCHEN MEHRHEITEN ................................ 127 1. Christen in Ländern mit muslimischer Mehrheit zwischen Freiheit und Verfolgung....................................... 128 1.1 Asien – Christen genießen Kultfreiheit, missionarische Tätigkeit ist nicht erlaubt ................................................128 1.2 Zentralasien – Friedlicher Islam trotz extremistischer Infiltration .......................................................................129 1.3 Afrika – Zwischen Frieden und Konflikt: Alte Strukturen haben weitgehend Bestand ..................... 129 1.4 Länder-Kurzberichte ....................................................... 130 Ägypten........................................................................... 130 Afghanistan ..................................................................... 130 Algerien .......................................................................... 132 Bahrain ........................................................................... 132 Bangladesch.................................................................... 132 Brunei ............................................................................ 133 Eritrea ............................................................................ 133 Guinea Bissau ................................................................
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