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M.Sc, Thesis On: Impact of Land-Use/Land-Cover Changes on Land Surface Temperature in Adama Zuria Woreda, Ethiopia Using Geospatial Tools: May 2017

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M.Sc, Thesis On: Impact of Land-Use/Land-Cover Changes on Land Surface Temperature in Adama Zuria Woreda, Ethiopia Using Geospatial Tools: May 2017 ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NATURAL AND COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCES SCHOOL OF EARTH SCIENCES IMPACT OF LAND-USE/LAND-COVER CHANGES ON LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE IN ADAMA ZURIA WOREDA, ETHIOPIA, USING GEOSPATIAL TOOLS A thesis submitted to The school of Graduate Studies of Addis Ababa University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Masters of Science in Remote Sensing and Geo- informatics BY BELETE TAFESSE (GSR/0469/08) Advisors Dr.K.V.SURYABHAGAVAN Prof. M.BALAKRISHNAN Addis Ababa University June, 2017 IMPACT OF LAND-USE/LAND-COVER CHANGES ON LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE IN ADAMA ZURIA WOREDA, ETHIOPIA, USING GEOSPATIAL TOOLS A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES OFADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTERS OF SCIENCE IN REMOTE SENSING AND GEO- INFORMATICS BY BELETE TAFESSE HABTEWOLD (GSR/0469/08) Addis Ababa University June, 2017 Addis Ababa University School of Graduate Studies This is to certify the thesis prepared by Belete Tafesse entitled as “Impact of land-use/land- cover changes on land surface temperature in Adama Zuria Woreda, Ethiopia, using Geospatial tools” is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Remote Sensing and Geo-informatics compiles with the regulations of the University and meets the accepted standards with respect to originality and quality. Signed by the Examining Committee: Dr. K.V.Suryabhagavan __________________ _______/______/_______ Advisor Signature Date Prof. M.Balakrishnan ________________ _______/______/_______ Co-advisor Signature Date Dr. Binyam Tesfaw ________________ _______/______/_______ Chairman Signature Date Dr. Ameha Atnafu __________________ _______/______/_______ Examiner Signature Date Dr. Binyam Tesfaw __________________ _______/______/_______ Examiner Signature Date Head, School of Earth sciences __________________ _______/______/_______ Signature Date Acknowledgments First and for most, I would like to thank the “Almighty God” who made it possible and for strength and patience that he gave me to complete my study successfully within the given short period of time. Next to “God”, many people and organizations deserve heartfelt thanks for their precious contributions to this study. I express my heartfelt gratitude and indebtedness to my advisor Dr. K.V.Suryabhagavan and to my Co-advisor Prof. M.Balakrishnan, who helped me from the very beginning of the research to its compilation and for sharing me their time for valuable discussions and giving me their kind helpful guidance throughout this study. Further, I would like to extend my thanks to all Earth Science Department staff members and Remote Sensing and Geo-informatics stream staff members for securing lab. facility and unreserved support. I have a great gratitude to acknowledge the Ethiopian Mapping Agency, Central Statistical Agency, Ethiopian Geological Survey and Ethiopian Meteorology Agency for providing me the necessary data and information to carry out this study. Special thanks go to all my family members and my classmates for their appreciation and continuous support. Finally, I want to thank all of those people who, once upon time, were my teachers, Friends and others, who helped me, to begin this long journey. Their names are too numerous to list, but many of them inspired me to learn and upgrade. i Table of Contents Acknowledgments .......................................................................................................................... i List of Tables ................................................................................................................................ vi List of Figures .............................................................................................................................. vii List of Appendices ........................................................................................................................ ix List of Acronyms ........................................................................................................................... x Abstract ......................................................................................................................................... xi CHAPTER ONE ........................................................................................................................... 1 1. INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Background of the study ...................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Statement of the problem ...................................................................................................... 3 1.3. Objectives of the study ......................................................................................................... 3 1.3.1. General Objective .......................................................................................................... 4 1.3.2 Specific Objectives ......................................................................................................... 4 1.4. Research Questions .............................................................................................................. 4 1.5. Scope of the study ................................................................................................................ 4 1.6. Significance of the study ...................................................................................................... 5 1.7. Limitations of the study........................................................................................................ 5 1.8. Structure of the thesis ........................................................................................................... 5 CHAPTER TWO .......................................................................................................................... 7 2. LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................................................ 7 2.1. Concept of land-use/land-cover change ............................................................................... 7 2.2. Causes of land-use and land-cover changes ......................................................................... 7 2.3. Land-use and land-cover change in Ethiopia ....................................................................... 8 2.4. Remote Sensing .................................................................................................................... 9 ii 2.5. Geographic Information System (GIS) ................................................................................ 9 2.6. Role of Remote Sensing and GIS in Land-use and Land-cover change ............................ 10 2.7. Land surface temperature ................................................................................................... 11 2.8. Urban heat island ................................................................................................................ 11 2.9. The impact of land-use/land-cover change on land surface temperature ........................... 12 2.10. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ........................................................................ 12 CHAPTER THREE .................................................................................................................... 14 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS ........................................................................................... 14 3.1. Description of the study area .............................................................................................. 14 3.1.1. Location ....................................................................................................................... 14 3.1.2. Topography .................................................................................................................. 15 3.1.4. Population .................................................................................................................... 18 3.2.1. Primary data ................................................................................................................. 19 3.2.2. Remote Sensing data acquisition ................................................................................. 19 3.2.3. Field data ..................................................................................................................... 23 3.2.4. Secondary data ............................................................................................................. 23 3.2.5. Data description and source ......................................................................................... 24 3.2.6. Software Packages used ............................................................................................... 24 3.3. Methods.................................................................................................................................. 25 3.3.1. Data Preparation and Analyzing .................................................................................. 27 3.3.2. Digital Image Processing (DIP) ................................................................................... 27 3.3.3. Image enhancement ..................................................................................................... 27 3.3.4. Image classification ....................................................................................................
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