Ancient History Notes
History – : is a record of people, places and events of the past, Lothal – Ghaggar – Kathiyawar (GJ) arranged in chronological order. Their lifestyles, occupations, Kalibanga – Ghaggar – Ganganagar (RJ) customs etc. Banwali – Saraswati – Hissar (HR) Pre – history – : the period of before writing was invented. It is Dholavira – Luni – Kutch (GJ) studied & reconstructed with the help of archaeological remains such as bones, coins, tools jewellery, ruins of building etc. Area – 13 lakhs sq. km app. Cuneiform was the world’s first written language by the Sumerians Shape – triangular created it over 5000 years ago, into a slab of wet clay and then baked 1920 – excavation of IVC took place under Sir John Marshall. It is hard in a kiln. spread over Punjab, Haryana, Sindh, Baluchistan, Rajasthan, Guj. & The early writing was on rocks, stone walls, pillars, clay. fringes of western UP. Sources of history 1921 Harappa (Modern site) was discovered in the province of a) monuments & objects – old buildings, tools, weapons, pottery, western Punjab on the bank of river Ravi by Dayaram Sahni. In statues, ornaments, seals toys paintings etc. Montgomri dist. of Pakistan. b) coins – which display their empires, economics conditions, trade 1922 Mohen Jo Daro was excavated by R.D. Banerjee on the bank of art & religion of that era. river Indus. In Larkan district of Pakistan. c) inscriptions – written during the reign of great kings and are still Lothal (GJ) – dockyard, Harappa – graveyard intact in their original form. (R – 37), Mohan jo Daro – big granary store, bronze dancing girl (23 Literary sources – handwritten records of the past known as cm), statue of priest & shiva, swimming pool (39x23x8) ft.
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