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Downloaded From IP - 124.253.136.240 on dated 3-Oct-2016 4 April 2005-March2014inthedistrictMoga.The analyse theproductivityofhoneybeehive. enterprise, toidentifythebeekeepersclusterand evaluate thetrendofwomenparticipationin study thetrendofbeekeepingindistrict,to The presentstudywasdonewithanobjectiveto honey productionandimmunityagainstTSBVD. Slowly thesespeciesreplacedallotherduetobetter crossbreed honey bee scientist introducedanimprovedimported Punjabthen that Agricultural University (PAU) Apis cerena,openingtheotheroptions.Itwas identified inKarnatakaleadtotheeradicationof Sac Brood Virus disease(TSBVD)in1992first Apis florae indigenous speciesviz. production wasmainlydependentonfour balance totheruralIndia.Inpasthoney providing economic,nutritionalandecological enterprise whichhasanintegralroleinagriculture Corresponding Author’s Email: [email protected] Email: Author’sCorresponding The studywasconductedforaperiodfrom year 2005to2014. beekeepingAll thebeekeepers practiced with among theruralmenandwomenindistrict.Theperiodtakenconsiderationwasfrom A surveywasconductedtoevaluatetheadoptiontrendofbeekeepingasasubsidiaryenterprise getting thetrainingandadoptingenterpriseforenhancinghouseholdincome. low investment andlesstimerequirement.Ruralwomen areshowing interestin anincreased in Moga1.Thefarmersweresatisfiedandwantedtostarttheenterpriseduequickreturns, beekeepers wasexistingintheBaghapuranablockandanotherupcomingclusterlocated boxes owned anindividual by outnumberedthenumberofsubsidisedboxes. A clusterof followeddepending uponthepractice stationary ormigratory. i.e., The average of number factors affectingtheadoptioninarea.Theproductivityofboxesvariedsignificantly Availabilitygovernment offlora, oftechnology were policiesandquicktransfer important thebeekeepers tookaformal trainingfromKrishi starting theenterprise Vigyan Kendra (KVK). Bee keepingisanimportantsubsidiary Key Words Bee KeepingEnterpriseAmongRuralMenand MATERIALS ANDMETHODS and INTRODUCTION : Beekeeping, Moga, Productivity, Survey, Beekeepers Cluster. Trigona sp Apis mellifera Apis cerena, Apis dorsata, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Moga142001() Women inMogaDistrict . The attack of Thai J KrishiVigyan2015,3(Special Issue):4-8 Gagan JyotKaurandJagbirRehal inPunjab. ABSTRACT computer software,MSExcel. collected dataweremanagedandanalysedusing apiculturists. references andpersonalcommunicationswith questionnaire waspreparedreviewingrelevant various otherorganisations. A survey Department of Agriculture, beebreeders and other departmentslikeDepartmentofHorticulture, The secondaryinformationwascollectedfrom collected fromgroupmeetingsanddiscussions. household survey, which verified theinformation primary informationwascollectedthrough both theprimaryandsecondarysources.The (KIK) Thebeekeepersdatawereobtainedfrom Wala (BG)andKot (NSW),Baghapurana IseKhan namely Moga1(M1),Moga2(M2),NihalSingh district has323villages,dividedintofiveblocks high populationofbeekeepers inBaghapurana Productivity (kg/box)= Data analysisandProductivityevaluation:The honeyproduced The datacollectedfromthesurveyshowed RESULTS ANDDISCUSSION Total Numberofboxes which from Total (kg)X100 Honey Produced DOI: 10.5958/2349-4433.2015.00026.4 Apis mellifera and before www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale

Downloaded From IP - 124.253.136.240 on dated 3-Oct-2016 encouraging thefarmers to enhancethegrowth of beekeepersexists inBaghapurana, processing plant. andpackaging A strongcluster in thearea,ithasscopeforestablishmentofhoney material. With theincrease in honey production any industrydependsupontheavailabilityofraw processing andpackaging.Theestablishmentof colonies finallyincreasingthehoneyproduction, number ofbeekeeperswouldincreasethe related neighbouringclustersandtheincreasein Clusters growfasterinthepresenceofstrong be anotherupcomingclusterofbeekeepers. Moga 1areincreasingrapidlyandispredictedto forming acluster. The in numberofbeekeepers individual (61)werereportedinBaghapurana 58 and latterinMoga1block. (11). ThefirsttwovillagesfallinBaghapurana Malke (18),Samalsar(12)andDaudharGarbi 41 Maximum numberofbeekeeperswasreportedin keepers indifferentvillagesisshownFig1-4. 56 Moga 1and58for2. , 41forKot IseKhan,68for per individualwere61forBaghapurana,56 175 increased. Theaveragenumberofboxesowned of beekeepersincreasedthenumberboxesalso (Tablehad adirectcorrelation 1). As thenumber that numberofbeekeepersandboxes 619 Khan(15) andNihalSingh Wala (13).Itwasfound keepers (56)followed by Moga 1(25), Kot Ise 730 Baghapurana reportedhighestnumberofbee Singh Wala( 33,822ha.)andMoga1(32,898 ha.). followed byKot IseKhan(48,230.5ha.),Nihal 3 tops thelistwith4,91,345ha.ofcultivatedarea, 25 comparison tootherfourblocks.Baghapurana cultivation inMoga1isminimum(28,588ha.) 15 peri-urban region.Itwasreportedthatareaunder reported inMoga2asitfallsunderurbanand Wala 56 colonies(175)were andMoga 2.Minimum 13 and Moga1 followed byKot IseKhan,NihalSingh Moga 2 Moga 1 Kot IseKhan Nihal Singh Wala Block Table 1.Numberofbeekeepersandbeeboxesinthedistrict. Beekeepers withthehighestnumberofboxes/ The blockwisepopulationandlocationofbee Number of Bee Keepers TotalNumber of Boxes Number of Boxes /Individual Boxes of Number Boxes of TotalNumber Number ofBeeKeepers J KrishiVigyan2015,3(Special Issue):4-8 Kaur andRehal the typeofpractice.Itisobserved thatthefarmers number ofboxesowned by anindividualaffects Pradesh, JammuKashmirandRajasthan.The the boxestoadjoiningareasofHimachal available inabundancethebeefarmersmigrate and conduciveweatherconditions. another dependingupontheavailabilityofflora mobile andaremovedfromonelocationto movement, whileintheothercaseboxesare fields atafixedlocationrestrictingtheir stationary beekeepingtheboxesarekeptin or (ii)Stationarybeekeepingpractice.Incaseof box. factor whichinfluencestheproductivityof (3,267 MTand713MT).Floraisanimportant (3,290MT and1,079MT)NihalSingh Wala MT and2,874MT)followedbyBaghapurana these blocksitishighestinKot IseKhan(44,273 Considering thefruitandvegetableproductionin of16,112 MT.414 ha.inMoga withaproduction production. Horticulturecropscoveranareaof barseem inrotationresultshigherhoney sunflower), pear, cotton,arhar, eucalyptus, pattern thatincludesoilseeds(mustard, Nihal Singh Wala. An areahaving acropping to mediumandheavysoilsinBaghapurana types. Soiltypevaries fromsandyinKot IseKhan desirable florainfiveblocksduetodifferentsoil There isawidevariationintheavailabilityof availability aroundtheyearisveryimportant. its products(royal jelly, propolisetc.).Its Flora transfer oftechnologyandgovernmentpolicies. mainly duetothreefactorsnamelyflora,quick increase inbeekeepers’populationcouldbe enterprise, otherindustriesandclusters.The opportunities withadoptionofthebeekeeping ,1 68 61 1,710 3,400 During theleanseasonwhenfloraisnot Farmers normallywouldfollow(i)Migratory Floraisthekeyforhoneyproductionand 5 www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale

Downloaded From IP - 124.253.136.240 on dated 3-Oct-2016 6 infestation, lackoftrainingandbookkeeping. bee keepingpractice(singlebox/supers),pest kg/box. Itcouldbeduetovariousreasonslike in productivityvaryingfrom5.8kg/boxto12.5 Stationary boxesreportedasignificantdifference those reportedbyBhusallandThappa(2005). 18.43 kg/box.Theresultswereinagreementwith migratory boxesvariedsignificantlyfrom8.33- average productivityofstationaryboxesto Singh Wala and12.5kg/boxforBaghapurana. The Moga Kot 1,13.3for IseKhan,10.0forNihal practicing stationarybeekeepingwas5.81for box) (Fig2)whiletheproductivityforbeekeepers Baghapurana (17.3kg/box)andMoga2(14.72kg/ (19.72kg/box), NihalSingh Wala (18.8kg/box), Mogareported 1followed for byKot IseKhan migration, highestproductivity(22.05kg/box)was farmers practicingthestationarybeekeeping. was recordedforMoga1.In2thereareno practicing isalsohigher, migration similartrend of boxes(5,700)andthepercentagebeekeepers shows Baghapuranareportedmaximumnumber with smallnumberofboxes (Table 1).Fig(1) and economicbenefitincomparisontofarmers practice migratorybeekeepingforsustainability having highernumberofboxesperindividual Comparing theproductivityofboxesin Bee Keeping Enterprise Among Rural Menand Women J KrishiVigyan2015,3(Special Issue):4-8 that 67percentoftheparticipantsfellinage the family inbeekeeping and subsidy. Itwas seen previousfactors likeeducation, involvement of This changeintrendcouldbeduetovarious per cent(2009)to17(2014)ofwomen. 26 (in2014)whichsumstoanincreasefrom5 participants haveincreasedfrom1(in2009)to Faridkot (Fig3). neighbouring districtsLudhiana,Bathindaand (Moga) andveryfewtookitfromthe keepers tookthetrainingfromtheirnativedistrict is mandatory. The survey revealed majorityofbee individual toavailsubsidyabeekeepingtraining the presentsubsidypolicyofgovernment.Foran recognised institution.Thetrendcouldbedueto acquired formaltraininginbeekeepingfromGovt It wasfoundthat90percentofbeekeepershad formal technicalknowhowtostarttheenterprise. neighbouring KVK’s. These institutesprovide Faridkot. Thisallowsthemtohaveaccess proximity toLudhianaandBaghapurana’s to (ii) Quicktransferoftechnology yield instationaryboxes. There isahighpotentialofincreasingthehoney The datashowthatthenumberofwomen The geographicallocationconfirmsMoga1 www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale

Downloaded From IP - 124.253.136.240 on dated 3-Oct-2016 to thirtyregisteredbeebreeders inthestate,who bee breeders.TheGovernment hasgivenlicense the hivesshouldbepurchasedfromregistered Horticulture. To claim subsidybeecoloniesand completed formavailablefromDepartmentof certificate shouldbefurnishedalongwiththe KVK orDepartment of andits Agriculture) training inbasicbeekeeping course(fromSAU, that theapplicantmusthavecompletedaformal To avail theabove subsidies(i,ii, iii) itisrequired (iv) productionofbeecoloniesbybreeders. bee colonies,(ii)hives,(iii)equipmentsand various schemeswhichincludessubsidyon(i) A numbersubsidiesarebeengivenawayunder scale farmerstoadoptitassubsidiaryenterprise. keeping) toencouragethelandless/marginal/small under NHM(pollinationsupportthroughbee- (iii) GovernmentPolicies quick adoptiontookplace. trained; theirexposureandhorizonswidened short duration)wereorganised,morepeople avenues. Beekeepingtrainings(vocationaland bee keepingandboosttheself-employment government departmentstotrainmorepeoplein Mission (NHM)werehostedatKVKandother programs sponsoredbytheNationalHorticulture Rs 130/kgin2014.Intheyear2013-14,training sale rateofhoneywasRs65/kgincomparisonto the lastonedecade.Inyear2005whole from honeyhasincreasedby100percentduring environmental benefits. The economicbenefit youth andfarmersinregardstotheeconomic adoption, bringingawarenessamongtherural of anexperttoguidetheindividualsforquick keeping unitattheKVKfarmandavailability which couldbeduetoestablishmentofabee 2005).The trendpickedupfrom2007onwards was atasteadyrate(under5fromtheyear1995- district duringthelast.Fig4showsadoption subsidiary occupation. themselves inearningextraincomethrough 10th andhadshownaninterestinengaging cent ofwomenwereeducatedatleasttillthegrade fell intheagegroupof40-60years.The90per group ofunder20andtheremaining30percent group of20-40years,3percentfellintheage Government hasintroducedvariousschemes Analysing theadoptiontrendinMoga J KrishiVigyan2015,3(Special Issue):4-8 Kaur andRehal government shouldtry tointroducepolicy role inadoptionofthe enterprisesothe of beebreeders.Thebreedersplayanimportant of beekeeperswerefoundclosetothelocation during theleanperiod.Highpopulation(clusters) cropping patternandtimelymanagementofhives be improvedbyincorporatingdiversificationin the stationaryboxissignificantlylowwhichcan among thefarmers.Theaverageproductivityof popularisation andacceptanceoftheenterprise subsidised boxes(50).Thistrendshowswide of 57boxesinthedistrictwhichoutnumbers It issignificantthatanindividualownsaverage needs tobeencouragedforenterpriseadoption. up andthewomenbelongingtoreservedcategory adoption ofbeekeepingasanenterprisehascome An upcomingtrendofwomenparticipationin intensive andexpert guidanceinclosevicinity. investment, government policies, lesslabour which couldbeduetocumulativeeffectoflow keeping andnumberofbeekeepershasincreased location ofMogadistrictisappropriateforthebee significant secondaryincometobeekeepers.The satisfied subsidiaryprofessionwhichcangenerate adoption. investment couldbethemajordriving forcefor economic benefit(incomeenhancement)withlow they areincreasingthenumberofboxes(>50).The even ifthefarmerisgettingsubsidyon50boxes boxes (50boxes/individual).Thisimpliesthat calculated, whichoutnumbersthesubsidised an averageof57boxesperindividualwas subsidy is50boxes,consideringtheentiredistrict completed forms.Individualentitlementfor purchase billsshouldbeattachedalongwiththe formation. cluster To avail thesubsidy gear,protection andisanimportantfactor for extraction unit,knives)beekeepingboxes,comb, availability ofthebeekeeping equipment(smoker, block. Presenceofbee-breedersconfirmseasy Moga; twoinBaghapuranaandoneMoga1 ). arelocatedin Amongst themthree adjoining districts(,Faridkotand thirty breeders,thirteenarelocatedinMogaand equipment andrelatedmaterial.Fromthelistof are certifiedtocommerciallysellthebeekeeping Beekeeping isoneofthemostrespectedand CONCLUSION 7 www.IndianJournals.com Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale

Downloaded From IP - 124.253.136.240 on dated 3-Oct-2016 8 initiative towidentheearninghorizonsofsmall area foritsadoption.Governmenthastakenan should beorganisedtoencouragefarmersinthe productivity. Specialtrainingprogram orcamps for beekeeping,recordingthehighestaverage Kot IseKhanblockhasafavourable conditions allowing atleastonebeebreederineachblock. Bee Keeping Enterprise Among Rural Menand Women J KrishiVigyan2015,3(Special Issue):4-8 Bhusal SJandThapaRB(2005).Comparativestudyonthe the adoptionisincreasing. and marginalfarmerwhicharebearingfruitsas alleviation . adoption ofimprovedbeekeepingtechnologyforPoverty Received on05/8/2014Accepted10/03/2015 J InstAgricAnimSci REFERENCES 26:117-125.