New Strains of Wolbachia Unveiling the Complexity of This Symbiotic Interaction in Solenopsis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
The Dynamics of Endosymbiotic Infections in a Linyphiid Spider
University of Kentucky UKnowledge Theses and Dissertations--Entomology Entomology 2020 A Tangled Web: The Dynamics of Endosymbiotic Infections in a Linyphiid Spider Laura Cecilia Rosenwald University of Kentucky, [email protected] Author ORCID Identifier: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7846-644X Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.13023/etd.2020.424 Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Rosenwald, Laura Cecilia, "A Tangled Web: The Dynamics of Endosymbiotic Infections in a Linyphiid Spider" (2020). Theses and Dissertations--Entomology. 58. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/entomology_etds/58 This Master's Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Entomology at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations--Entomology by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STUDENT AGREEMENT: I represent that my thesis or dissertation and abstract are my original work. Proper attribution has been given to all outside sources. I understand that I am solely responsible for obtaining any needed copyright permissions. I have obtained needed written permission statement(s) from the owner(s) of each third-party copyrighted matter to be included in my work, allowing electronic distribution (if such use is not permitted by the fair use doctrine) which will be submitted to UKnowledge as Additional File. I hereby grant to The University of Kentucky and its agents the irrevocable, non-exclusive, and royalty-free license to archive and make accessible my work in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. -
High-Lipid Prey Reduce Juvenile Survivorship and Delay Egg Laying
© 2020. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Journal of Experimental Biology (2020) 223, jeb237255. doi:10.1242/jeb.237255 RESEARCH ARTICLE High-lipid prey reduce juvenile survivorship and delay egg laying in a small linyphiid spider Hylyphantes graminicola Lelei Wen1,*, Xiaoguo Jiao1,*, Fengxiang Liu1, Shichang Zhang1,‡ and Daiqin Li2,‡ ABSTRACT in nature (Barry and Wilder, 2013; Fagan et al., 2002; Reifer et al., Prey proteins and lipids greatly impact predator life-history traits. 2018; Salomon et al., 2011; Toft et al., 2019; Wiggins and Wilder, However, life-history plasticity offers predators the opportunity to tune 2018). However, predators, like other organisms, exhibit life-history the life-history traits in response to the limited macronutrients to plasticity, the capacity to facultatively alter life-history traits in allocate among traits. A fast-growing predator species with a strict response to a limited pool of macronutrients to allocate among traits maturation time may be more likely to consume nutritionally (Simpson and Raubenheimer, 2012). This nutrient-mediated life- imbalanced prey. Here, we tested this hypothesis by examining the history trade-off assumes that the different life-history traits cannot effect of the protein-to-lipid ratio in prey on a small sheet web-building be maximized at the same macronutrient intake as each trait needs a spider, Hylyphantes graminicola, with a short life span, using specific balance of macronutrients for its maximal performance adult Drosophila melanogaster as the prey. By manipulating the (Morimoto and Lihoreau, 2019; Rapkin et al., 2018). macronutrient content of the prey to generate three prey types with Spiders are among the most diverse and abundant carnivorous different protein-to-lipid ratios (i.e. -
Ekologie Pavouků a Sekáčů Na Specifických Biotopech V Lesích
UNIVERZITA PALACKÉHO V OLOMOUCI Přírodovědecká fakulta Katedra ekologie a životního prostředí Ekologie pavouků a sekáčů na specifických biotopech v lesích Ondřej Machač DOKTORSKÁ DISERTAČNÍ PRÁCE Školitel: doc. RNDr. Mgr. Ivan Hadrián Tuf, Ph.D. Olomouc 2021 Prohlašuji, že jsem doktorskou práci sepsal sám s využitím mých vlastních či spoluautorských výsledků. ………………………………… © Ondřej Machač, 2021 Machač O. (2021): Ekologie pavouků a sekáčů na specifických biotopech v lesích s[doktorská di ertační práce]. Univerzita Palackého, Přírodovědecká fakulta, Katedra ekologie a životního prostředí, Olomouc, 35 s., v češtině. ABSTRAKT Pavoukovci jsou ekologicky velmi různorodou skupinou, obývají téměř všechny biotopy a často jsou specializovaní na specifický biotop nebo dokonce mikrobiotop. Mezi specifické biotopy patří také kmeny a dutiny stromů, ptačí budky a biotopy ovlivněné hnízděním kormoránů. Ve své dizertační práci jsem se zabýval ekologií společenstev pavouků a sekáčů na těchto specifických biotopech. V první studii jsme se zabývali společenstvy pavouků a sekáčů na kmenech stromů na dvou odlišných biotopech, v lužním lese a v městské zeleni. Zabývali jsme se také jednotlivými společenstvy na kmenech různých druhů stromů a srovnáním tří jednoduchých sběrných metod – upravené padací pasti, lepového a kartonového pásu. Ve druhé studii jsme se zabývali arachnofaunou dutin starých dubů za pomocí dvou sběrných metod (padací past v dutině a nárazová past u otvoru dutiny) na stromech v lužním lese a solitérních stromech na loukách a také srovnáním společenstev v dutinách na živých a odumřelých stromech. Ve třetí studii jsme se zabývali společenstvem pavouků zimujících v ptačích budkách v nížinném lužním lese a vlivem vybraných faktorů prostředí na jejich početnosti. Zabývali jsme se také znovuosídlováním ptačích budek pavouky v průběhu zimy v závislosti na teplotě a vlivem hnízdního materiálu v budce na početnosti a druhové spektrum pavouků. -
Sanaei Et Al Wolbachia Host Sh
Wolbachia host shifts: routes, mechanisms, constraints and evolutionary consequences Ehsan Sanaei, Sylvain Charlat, Jan Engelstädter To cite this version: Ehsan Sanaei, Sylvain Charlat, Jan Engelstädter. Wolbachia host shifts: routes, mechanisms, con- straints and evolutionary consequences. Biological Reviews, Wiley, 2020, 10.1111/brv.12663. hal- 03076872 HAL Id: hal-03076872 https://hal-cnrs.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03076872 Submitted on 5 Jan 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Wolbachia host shifts: routes, mechanisms, constraints and evolutionary consequences Ehsan Sanaei1, Sylvain Charlat2 & Jan Engelstädter1 1 School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia 2 Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, Villeurbanne F- 69622, France Abstract Wolbachia is one of the most abundant endosymbionts on earth, with a wide distribution especially in arthropods. Effective maternal transmission and the induction of various phenotypes in their hosts are two key features of this bacterium. Here, we review our current understanding of another central aspect of Wolbachia’s success: their ability to switch from one host species to another. We build on the proposal that Wolbachia host shifts occur in four main steps: 1) physical transfer to a new species, 2) proliferation within that host, 3) successful maternal transmission, and 4) spread within the host species. -
Effects of Methamidophos on the Predating Behavior of Hylyphantes Graminicola (Sundevall) (Araneae: Linyphiidae)
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 478–482, 2007 ᭧ 2007 SETAC Printed in the USA 0730-7268/07 $12.00 ϩ .00 EFFECTS OF METHAMIDOPHOS ON THE PREDATING BEHAVIOR OF HYLYPHANTES GRAMINICOLA (SUNDEVALL) (ARANEAE: LINYPHIIDAE) LINGLING DENG,JIAYIN DAI,HONG CAO, and MUQI XU* Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China (Received 6 July 2006; Accepted 19 September 2006) Abstract—The effects of an organophosphorous insecticide, methamidophos, on the pest control potential of the spider Hylyphantes graminicola (Sundevall) (Araneae: Linyphiidae) were investigated in the laboratory with the fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster Meigen). The influence of methamidophos on predation by H. graminicola was very obvious in female spiders, which preyed on fewer prey in the8hafterexposure to the insecticide but subsequently recovered. On the other hand, the predation rates in male spiders were not affected by the insecticide within 24 h of treatment. However, a 10% lethal dose (LD10) of methamidophos resulted in an enhanced predation rate per day for male spiders, whereas a 50% lethal dose reduced the predation rate. In addition, it was shown that the functional response of H. graminicola to the fruit fly was a type II response, and the type of functional response of insecticide-treated females changed from type II to type I, with no change in the response of male spiders. The attack rate of males treated with the LD10 dosage of insecticide was significantly higher than the controls, which suggests that the insecticide stimulates the performance of spiders. Prey utilization of males treated with low doses of insecticide was lower than the control, which indicates that the insecticide did not result in these spiders eating more prey, but killing more. -
Comparative Growth and Development of Spiders Reared on Live and Dead Prey
Comparative Growth and Development of Spiders Reared on Live and Dead Prey Yu Peng1, Fan Zhang1, Shaolan Gui1, Huping Qiao1, Grant C. Hose2* 1 College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China, 2 Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Abstract Scavenging (feeding on dead prey) has been demonstrated across a number of spider families, yet the implications of feeding on dead prey for the growth and development of individuals and population is unknown. In this study we compare the growth, development, and predatory activity of two species of spiders that were fed on live and dead prey. Pardosa astrigera (Lycosidae) and Hylyphantes graminicola (Lyniphiidae) were fed live or dead fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster. The survival of P. astrigera and H. graminicola was not affected by prey type. The duration of late instars of P. astrigera fed dead prey were longer and mature spiders had less protein content than those fed live prey, whereas there were no differences in the rate of H. graminicola development, but the mass of mature spiders fed dead prey was greater than those fed live prey. Predation rates by P. astrigera did not differ between the two prey types, but H. graminicola had a higher rate of predation on dead than alive prey, presumably because the dead flies were easier to catch and handle. Overall, the growth, development and reproduction of H. graminicola reared with dead flies was better than those reared on live flies, yet for the larger P. astrigera, dead prey may suit smaller instars but mature spiders may be best maintained with live prey. -
Phantom Spiders: Notes on Dubious Spider Species from Europe
Arachnologische Mitteilungen 50: 65-80 Karlsruhe, November 2015 Phantom spiders: notes on dubious spider species from Europe Rainer Breitling, Martin Lemke, Tobias Bauer, Michael Hohner, Arno Grabolle & Theo Blick doi: 10.5431/aramit5010 Abstract. A surprisingly large number of European spider species have never been reliably rediscovered since their first description many decades ago. Most of these are probably synonymous with other species or unidentifiable, due to insufficient descriptions or missing type material. Here we discuss about 50 of these cases, declare some names as nomina dubia and establish the following new or re-confirmed synonymies: Agelena mengeella Strand, 1942 = Allagelena gracilens (C. L. Koch, 1841) syn. conf.; Anyphaena accentuata obscura (Sundevall, 1831) = Anyphae- na accentuata (Walckenaer, 1802) syn. conf.; Anyphaena accentuata obscura Lebert, 1877 = Anyphaena accentuata (Walckenaer, 1802) syn. nov.; Araneus diadematus stellatus C. L. Koch, 1836 = Araneus diadematus Clerck, 1757 syn. nov.; Araneus diadematus islandicus (Strand, 1906) = Araneus diadematus Clerck, 1757 syn. nov.; Araneus quadratus minimus Simon, 1929 = Araneus quadratus Clerck, 1757 syn. nov.; Araneus quadratus subviridis (Franganillo, 1913) = Araneus quadratus Clerck, 1757 syn. nov.; Centromerus unctus (L. Koch, 1870) = Leptorhoptrum robustum (Westring, 1851) syn. nov.; Clubiona caliginosa Simon, 1932 = Clubiona germanica Thorell, 1871 syn. nov.; Coelotes atropos anomalus Hull, 1955 = Coelotes atropos (Walckenaer, 1830) syn. nov.; Coelotes atropos silvestris Hull, 1955 = Coelotes atropos (Walckenaer, 1830) syn. nov.; Coelotes obesus Simon, 1875 = Pireneitega pyrenaea (Simon, 1870) syn. conf.; Coelotes simoni Strand, 1907 = Coelotes solitarius (L. Koch, 1868) syn. nov.; Diplocephalus semiglobosus (Westring, 1861) nomen oblitum = Entelecara congenera (O. P.-Cambridge, 1879) syn. nov.; Drassodes voigti (Bösenberg, 1899) = Scotophaeus blackwalli (Thorell, 1871) syn. -
On Linyphiid Spiders of Myanmar, with the Description of a New Genus and Species (Aranei: Linyphiidae)
Arthropoda Selecta 27(2): 172–176 © ARTHROPODA SELECTA, 2018 On linyphiid spiders of Myanmar, with the description of a new genus and species (Aranei: Linyphiidae) Î ïàóêàõ-ëèíèôèèäàõ èç Ìüÿíìû, ñ îïèñàíèåì íîâîãî ðîäà è âèäà (Aranei: Linyphiidae) A.V. Tanasevitch À.Â. Òàíàñåâè÷ A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 33, Moscow 119071, Russia. E-mail: [email protected] Институт проблем экологии и эволюции им. А.Н. Северцова РАН, Ленинский проспект 33, Москва 119071, Россия. KEY WORDS: taxonomy, spiders, Arachnida, Erigoninae, southeastern Asia. КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА: таксономия, пауки, Arachnida, Erigoninae, юго-восточная Азия. ABSTRACT. A new monotypic genus, Parvunaria as well as the species described in this contribution are gen.n., with P. birma sp.n. as the type species, is de- registered only from their type localities. scribed from highlands of western Myanmar. The new genus is characterized by both embolus and radix be- Material and methods ing highly peculiar and tiny, while the convector highly sclerotized and well-developed. Habitually, the new This paper is based on material kept at the Senck- genus is similar to Nasoona Locket, 1982 and Nasoon- enberg Museum, Frankfurt on Main, Germany (SMF). aria Wunderlich et Song, 1995, but differs clearly by Specimens preserved in 70% ethanol were studied us- the palpal conformation and chaetotaxy. A check-list ing a MBS-9 stereo microscope and a Wild compound of the linyphiid fauna of Myanmar is compiled, being microscope. A Levenhuk C-800 digital camera was also supplied with detailed localities and global distri- used for the execution of some drawings. -
Ecotoxicology and Genotoxicology Non-Traditional Terrestrial Models
Ecotoxicology and Genotoxicology Non-traditional Terrestrial Models Published on 12 June 2017 http://pubs.rsc.org | doi:10.1039/9781788010573-FP001 View Online Issues in Toxicology Series Editors: Diana Anderson, University of Bradford, UK Michael D. Waters, Michael Waters Consulting, USA Timothy C. Marrs, Edentox Associates, UK Editorial Advisor: Alok Dhawan, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India Titles in the Series: 1: Hair in Toxicology: An Important Bio-Monitor 2: Male-mediated Developmental Toxicity 3: Cytochrome P450: Role in the Metabolism and Toxicity of Drugs and other Xenobiotics 4: Bile Acids: Toxicology and Bioactivity 5: The Comet Assay in Toxicology 6: Silver in Healthcare 7: In Silico Toxicology: Principles and Applications 8: Environmental Cardiology 9: Biomarkers and Human Biomonitoring, Volume 1: Ongoing Programs and Exposures 10: Biomarkers and Human Biomonitoring, Volume 2: Selected Biomarkers of Current Interest 11: Hormone-Disruptive Chemical Contaminants in Food 12: Mammalian Toxicology of Insecticides 13: The Cellular Response to the Genotoxic Insult: The Question of Published on 12 June 2017 http://pubs.rsc.org | doi:10.1039/9781788010573-FP001 Threshold for Genotoxic Carcinogens 14: Toxicological Effects of Veterinary Medicinal Products in Humans: Volume 1 15: Toxicological Effects of Veterinary Medicinal Products in Humans: Volume 2 16: Aging and Vulnerability to Environmental Chemicals: Age-related Disorders and their Origins in Environmental Exposures 17: Chemical Toxicity Prediction: -
Higher Level Phylogenetics of Erigonine Spiders (Araneae, Linyphiidae, Erigoninae)
* Higher Level Phylogenetics of Erigonine Spiders (Araneae, Linyphiidae, Erigoninae) GUSTAVO HORMIGA m I SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 609 SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Emphasis upon publication as a means of "diffusing knowledge" was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Smithsonian Folklife Studies Smithsonian Studies in Air and Space Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report the research and collections of its various museums and bureaux or of professional colleagues in the world of science and scholarship. The publications are distributed by mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institutions throughout the world. Papers or monographs submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Press, subject to its own review for format and style, only through departments of the various Smithsonian museums or bureaux, where the manuscripts are given substantive review. -
<I>Bacillus Thuringiensis</I>
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications: Department of Entomology Entomology, Department of 2011 Interactions of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crops with spiders (Araneae) Julie A. Peterson University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Jonathan Lundgren USDA-ARS, [email protected] James D. Harwood University of Kentucky Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entomologyfacpub Part of the Entomology Commons Peterson, Julie A.; Lundgren, Jonathan; and Harwood, James D., "Interactions of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crops with spiders (Araneae)" (2011). Faculty Publications: Department of Entomology. 465. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entomologyfacpub/465 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Entomology, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications: Department of Entomology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. 2011. The Journal of Arachnology 39:1–21 REVIEW Interactions of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crops with spiders (Araneae) Julie A. Peterson: University of Kentucky, Department of Entomology, S-225 Agricultural Sciences Building North, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Jonathan G. Lundgren: USDA-ARS, North Central Agricultural Research Laboratory, 2923 Medary Avenue, Brookings, South Dakota 57006, USA James D. Harwood: University of Kentucky, Department of Entomology, S-225 Agricultural Sciences Building North, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, USA Abstract. Genetically modified crops expressing insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have dramatically increased in acreage since their introduction in the mid-1990’s. Although the insecticidal mechanisms of Bt target specific pests, concerns persist regarding direct and indirect effects on non-target organisms. -
A Checklist of Spiders in Tea Plantations of China
Biodiversity Data Journal 8: e60143 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.8.e60143 Data Paper A checklist of spiders in tea plantations of China Xuhao Song‡,§, Tingbang Yang ‡,§, Xiaoqin Xu‡,§, Yang Zhong | ‡ Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, Sichuan, China § Institute of Ecology, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, Sichuan, China | Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials, School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, Hubei, China Corresponding author: Tingbang Yang ([email protected]), Yang Zhong ([email protected]) Academic editor: Yanfeng Tong Received: 29 Oct 2020 | Accepted: 07 Dec 2020 | Published: 08 Dec 2020 Citation: Song X, Yang T, Xu X, Zhong Y (2020) A checklist of spiders in tea plantations of China. Biodiversity Data Journal 8: e60143. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e60143 Abstract Background Spiders are the most dominant predatory natural enemies of insect pests in the tea plantation ecosystem. There has been a large amount of literature published about the investigation of spider species in Chinese tea plantations from 1982 to 2020. Here, the spider species in Chinese tea plantations has been summarised and the dominant spider species in each regional tea plantation recorded. To date, there were 535 spider species from 40 families reported in Chinese tea plantations. New information There are 245 spider species from 13 families now being added to the checklist. A total of 89 spider species from 19 families were the dominant species, amongst them, Agelena labyrinthica, Allagelena difficilis, Neoscona theisi, Clubiona deletrix, Clubiona japonicola, Hylyphantes graminicola, Pardosa laura, Oxyopes sertatus, Evarcha albaria, Plexippus paykulli, Coleosoma octomaculatum, Ebrechtella tricuspidata and Xysticus ephippiatus were recorded in many tea plantations.