DOCSLIB.ORG

The Portability of Macro-Appraisal by a Comparative Analysis of Canada, South Africa, and New Zealand

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Portability of Macro-Appraisal by a Comparative Analysis of Canada, South Africa, and New Zealand One Size Fits All? The Portability of Macro-Appraisal by a Comparative Analysis of Canada, South Africa, and New Zealand JOHN ROBERTS RÉSUMÉ Cet article analyse la méthodologie de la macro-évaluation ailleurs que dans le contexte canadien où cette approche a été développée et examine la pertinence du modèle pour les archives gouvernementales au Canada, en Afrique du Sud et en Nouvelle-Zélande. L’auteur étudie la macro-évaluation d’abord en tant que cadre théorique, puis comme une réponse aux difficultés d’ordre pratique qui découlent des autres approches d’évaluation archivistique. Il se penche ensuite sur les questions de gestion du changement entourant l’adoption de la macro-évaluation dans d’autres juridictions. L’article conclut que tant la théorie que la pratique doivent être prises en compte lorsqu’on envisage l’adoption de nouveaux modèles et que, bien que les condi- tions locales doivent être considérées, la valeur possible des innovations provenant de l’étranger ne doit pas être ignorée. ABSTRACT This article examines the methodology of macro-appraisal in environ- ments other than the Canadian context in which it was originally developed. It consid- ers the suitability of the model for government archives in Canada, South Africa, and New Zealand. Macro-appraisal is discussed first as a theoretical framework and then as a response to practical difficulties arising from other approaches to appraisal. The change management issues surrounding the possible adoption of macro-appraisal in other jurisdictions are explored. The article suggests that both theory and practice need to be addressed when considering the adoption of new models. While local conditions need to be considered, the possible value of overseas innovations should not be ignored. Introduction Appraisal has, in recent years, been one of the most debated subjects in archi- val theory and practice. Macro-appraisal thinking represents a major Canadian contribution to this debate, as archivists and archival institutions grapple with increasing quantities and complexities of the records universe. The purpose of this paper is to explore the portability of macro-appraisal: to what extent does it offer a universal solution to issues of appraisal? Macro- appraisal has its roots in specific record-keeping problems of theory and prac- tice: to what extent is its effectiveness or suitability bounded by situational factors? Under what circumstances is macro-appraisal a suitable way of 48 Archivaria 52 expressing the need for some form of selection? In particular, this issue will be explored through consideration of government archives in Canada, South Africa, and New Zealand, all jurisdictions in which macro-appraisal has been implemented or considered.1 I would like to make two caveats. Being from New Zealand, I do not intend to critique the theory or implementation of macro-appraisal in Canada or South Africa. The aim is rather to understand the necessary pre-conditions for successful use of macro-appraisal. Second, in considering macro-appraisal in Canada and South Africa I have been heavily dependent on published discus- sion and analysis. This will inevitably represent only a part of the full picture, and the complex nature of the dynamics affecting the suitability of a particular model should not be underestimated. Debate on appraisal theory and practice is hampered by a lack of wide- spread shared understandings of key terms within the archival community – and between archival communities. This article uses the term macro-appraisal to refer to the formal appraisal model used by the National Archives of Can- ada,2 and directly inspired, closely related approaches such as that of the National Archives of South Africa. Similar but distinct appraisal frameworks, such as the Dutch PIVOT model, or Australian functional appraisal as articu- lated in the DIRKS methodology, are considered separate from the macro- appraisal tradition for the purposes of this essay. Record-keeping professionals have, in recent years, become more aware of the contingent nature of strategic responses, and of the cultural and contextual limitations of particular methodologies, particularly concerning electronic records. Our literature deals repeatedly with the importance of recognizing organizational culture in choosing strategies to deal with record-keeping issues. David Bearman has claimed that “the corporate culture of the organiza- tion … will probably be the most important variable in selecting the tactics to use in management of electronic records.”3 The environment or context – or time and place – I suggest, is equally important in the selection of appraisal methodology.4 1 This article is based on work carried out for study towards a Master of Information Manage- ment and Systems at Monash University, Australia, and formed the basis of a paper to the 2001 ACA Conference in Winnipeg. The views in this paper are my own and do not necessarily rep- resent the position of Archives New Zealand. I would like to thank Terry Cook and Verne Har- ris for their helpful comments during the development of the paper. 2 Most recently articulated in National Archives of Canada: Government Records Branch, Appraisal Methodology: Macro-Appraisal and Functional Analysis (Ottawa, 2001). 3 David Bearman, Electronic Evidence: Strategies for Managing Records in Contemporary Organizations (Pittsburgh, 1994), p. 187. 4 See Terry Cook, “Overview of Appraisal: Why are we here this week?” paper to Monash Uni- versity Appraisal Seminar, March 1999, p. 16: “There is no universal standard or rigid theory; solutions – and indeed animating concepts – will rightly reflect their time and place.” The Portability of Macro-Appraisal 49 Background Before looking in detail at the issues which arise in the development, imple- mentation, and ongoing use of macro-appraisal, it is worthwhile to consider the three environments which will provide the points of reference for this anal- ysis of macro-appraisal. Canada Pressure on appraisal practice in Canada mounted through the 1980s with the passing of access to information and privacy legislation in 1983 (ATIP), of the National Archives of Canada Act in 1987, and with changes in techno- logical and administrative dimensions of the government record-keeping environment. Response to these pressures, drawing on a range of sources, emerged in the macro-appraisal approach proposed by Terry Cook in the 1991 RAMP study, The Archival Appraisal of Records Containing Personal Information, and introduced by the National Archives of Canada in 1991 to reform the appraisal programme for government records. Macro-appraisal has been described as a planned, research-based, top-down, functions-cen- tred approach that focuses especially on the citizen’s interaction with the state. Its main elements are: the Government-Wide Plan for the Disposition of Records, which prioritizes agencies; criteria for assessing functions and programmes within agencies; Multi-Year Disposition Plans negotiated with target agencies; and the methodology for appraisal within the context of each planned submission.5 South Africa The practice of appraisal in South Africa emerged as a key discussion point during the democratization of the Republic. A visit by Eric Ketelaar in 1992 first raised macro-appraisal as an issue for South African archivists.6 Then, in November 1994, Terry Cook visited South Africa and spoke to audiences across the country on appraisal issues, especially the macro-appraisal model then being implemented in Canada. The challenges issued by Cook heightened existing dissatisfaction with appraisal theory and practice, and led to the establishment of an appraisal review committee to assess existing appraisal policy, to assess macro- appraisal in the same terms, and to make recommendations, including “the 5 See Bruce Wilson, “Systematic Appraisal of the Records of the Government of Canada at the National Archives of Canada,” Archivaria 38 (Fall 1994), pp. 218–31. 6 Verne Harris, “Redefining Archives in South Africa: Public Archives and Society in Transition, 1990–1996,” Archivaria 42 (Fall 1996), note 91. 50 Archivaria 52 desirability of adopting macro-appraisal partially or in toto and if desirable, how change should be effected and what it would require.”7 As part of the committee’s research, its chair, Verne Harris, visited Canada to investigate the macro-appraisal programme at the National Archives of Canada. The findings of the committee were presented in March 1996, and included the key recommendation that macro-appraisal be adopted as the foundation of State Archives appraisal policy.8 New Zealand Appraisal practice in New Zealand in the past ten years has been marked by the introduction in 1991 of a charged, contestable model for public records appraisal, in line with widespread public sector reforms based on contractual- ism.9 Under this approach, Archives New Zealand charges agencies for appraisal work, competing with private sector consultants to conduct the analysis. Dissatisfaction with current appraisal practice has emerged in New Zealand over recent years, and this resulted in a formal review of the appraisal regime in 1998-99.10 This review did not focus specifically on appraisal meth- odology, but there was interest in macro-appraisal expressed during the con- sultation phase of the review, and recommendations in the final report included further investigation of how macro-appraisal might work in practice in a New Zealand public sector environment. Development of Macro-Appraisal To understand
Load more

Recommended publications
  • New Zealand by Claire Bruell
    New Zealand by Claire Bruell ew Zealand is composed of two islands, the North Island century. Its website* lists a VHS Nand the South Island. The capital is Wellington, at the video 16 minutes “A Guide for foot of the North Island; the largest city is Auckland in the north New Readers” (VHS) available for of the North Island. Christchurch and Dunedin are the two major NZ$35 published 1996. This is an centers in the South Island. introduction to the reference and European explorers first came to New Zealand at the end of research service at Archives New the 18th century and a steady stream of traders, whalers, sealers Zealand Head Office in Wellington. and missionaries followed in the early nineteenth century. Regional offices in Auckland, Christchurch and Dunedin British rule was formalized by the Treaty of Waitangi signed are repositories for government archives originating within by both the native Maori and representatives of the Queen of these geographical areas. The head office in Wellington holds England in 1840. At this time, an estimated 1,200 Europeans lived records for that region as well as some that originate in other in the North Island and 200 lived in the South Island. Most of areas. the main cities were founded in the 1840s. A large number of The publication (1990) “Family History at National Archives” people came in the 1850s and 1860s, when gold was discovered by Bridget Williams describing records held by Archives NZ is in Coromandel and Thames in the North Island, and in Nelson, now out of print.
    [Show full text]
  • Business Sources at the Hocken Collections
    Reference Guide Business Sources at the Hocken Collections Photograph of Fred Andrews & Co., Clinton, Box-214-016, S16-112a, Hocken Photographs Collection. Hocken Collections/Te Uare Taoka o Hākena, University of Otago Library Nau Mai Haere Mai ki Te Uare Taoka o Hākena: Welcome to the Hocken Collections He mihi nui tēnei ki a koutou kā uri o kā hau e whā arā, kā mātāwaka o te motu, o te ao whānui hoki. Nau mai, haere mai ki te taumata. As you arrive We seek to preserve all the taoka we hold for future generations. So that all taoka are properly protected, we ask that you: place your bags (including computer bags and sleeves) in the lockers provided leave all food and drink including water bottles in the lockers (we have a researcher lounge off the foyer which everyone is welcome to use) bring any materials you need for research and some ID in with you sign the Readers’ Register each day enquire at the reference desk first if you wish to take digital photographs Beginning your research This guide gives examples of the types of material relating to business, commerce and industry held at the Hocken. All items must be used within the library. As the collection is large and constantly growing not every item is listed here, but you can search for other material on our Online Public Access Catalogues: for books, theses, journals, magazines, newspapers, maps, and audiovisual material, use Library Search|Ketu. The advanced search ‐ https://goo.gl/HVNTqH gives you several search options, and you can refine your results to the Hocken Library on the left side of the screen.
    [Show full text]
  • Management of Born Digital Records
    MANAGEMENT OF BORN DIGITAL RECORDS Association of Local Government Information Management White Paper Association of Local Government Information Management :: [email protected] Contents PURPOSE .................................................................................................................... 3 BORN DIGITAL – LANDSCAPE OR LANDFILL .................................................................. 3 Key Concepts ............................................................................................................................................................... 4 DIGITAL INFORMATION AT RISK .................................................................................. 6 Implications of information loss .......................................................................................................................... 7 Unlocking the value of born-digital information ........................................................................................... 7 What do we want to achieve? ................................................................................................................................ 9 DIGITAL PRESERVATION ROADMAP .......................................................................... 10 Discovery ................................................................................................................................................................... 10 Strategy .....................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Internet Sources
    Genealogical Sources Guide Internet Sources Hocken Collections/Te Uare Taoka o Hākena, University of Otago Library Nau Mai Haere Mai ki Te Uare Taoka o Hākena: Welcome to the Hocken Collections He mihi nui tēnei ki a koutou kā uri o kā hau e whā arā, kā mātāwaka o te motu, o te ao whānui hoki. Nau mai, haere mai ki te taumata. As you arrive We seek to preserve all the taoka we hold for future generations. So that all taoka are properly protected, we ask that you: place your bags (including computer bags and sleeves) in the lockers provided leave all food and drink including water bottles in the lockers (we have a researcher lounge off the foyer which everyone is welcome to use) bring any materials you need for research and some ID in with you sign the Readers’ Register each day enquire at the reference desk first if you wish to take digital photographs Beginning your research Most of the commonly‐used genealogical sources available at the Hocken Collections can be found on microfiche or in the Ready Reference section of the main reference area on the ground floor. Please ask staff if you need help locating any of these. We hold numerous other sources—both published and unpublished—and you can search for material on our Online Public Access Catalogues: for books, theses, journals, magazines, newspapers, maps, and audiovisual material, use Library Search|Ketu. The advanced search ‐ https://goo.gl/HVNTqH gives you several search options, and you can refine your results to the Hocken Library on the left side of the screen.
    [Show full text]
  • Te Oranga O Te Reo Mäori I Te Rängai Tukunga Körero 2006 the Health Of
    MÄTAURANGA / KNOWLEDGE Te Oranga o te Reo Mäori i te Rängai Tukunga Körero 2006 The Health of the Mäori Language in the Archives Sector 2006 Ko töku reo, töku ohooho; töku reo, töku mapihi maurea; töku reo, töku whakakai marihi. My language is my inspiration, my special gift, my precious treasure. Te Puni Kökiri, Te Puni Kökiri House 143 Lambton Quay, PO Box 3943, Wellington, New Zealand PHN Waea + 64 4 922 6000 FAX Whakaahua + 64 4 922 6299 WEB Paetukutuku www.tpk.govt.nz REALISING M Ä ORI POTENTIAL Mätauranga – Building of knowledge and skills. This area acknowledges the importance of knowledge to building confidence and identity, growing skills and talents and generating 1 innovation and creativity. Knowledge and skills are considered as LIFE QUALITY a key enabler of Mäori potential as they underpin choice and the KNOWLEDGE + INFLUENCE + = power to act to improve life quality. RESOURCES TAURANGA Whakamana – Strengthening of leadership and decision-making. Ä 2 M WHAKAMANA RAWA TE IRA TANGATA 3 Rawa – Development and use of resources. 1 2 3 4 4 Te Ira Tangata – The quality of life to realise potential. The framework above identifies three key DISCLAIMER The information contained in this publication is for general enablers that are fundamental to Mäori information only. While every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information, because the information is generalised, its accuracy achieving Te Ira Tangata (improved life cannot be guaranteed. Readers are advised to seek independent advice quality) and realising their potential. on particular matters and not rely on this publication.
    [Show full text]
  • Budget 2019 Bilateral with Minister Martin
    The Treasury and Office of the Minister of Finance Budget 2019 Information Release August 2019 This document has been proactively released by the Office of the Minister of Finance on the Treasury website at https://treasury.govt.nz/publications/information-release/budget-2019-information-release Information Withheld Some information in this document has been withheld under one or more of the sections of the Official Information Act 1982. Key to sections of the Official Information Act 1982 under which information has been withheld: Good reasons for withholding the information exist, as the making available of that information would be likely to: [1] prejudice the security or defence of New Zealand or the international relations of the Government 6(a) of New Zealand [4] prejudice the maintenance of the law, including the prevention, investigation, and detection of 6(c) offences, and the right to a fair trial [23] damage seriously the economy of New Zealand by disclosing prematurely decisions to change or 6(e)(vi) continue government economic or financial policies relating to the entering into of overseas trade agreements. Withholding the information is necessary for the following reasons and is not outweighed by other considerations, which make it desirable in the public interest to make it available: [25] to protect information where the making available of that information would be likely unreasonably 9(2)(b)(ii) to prejudice the commercial position of the person who supplied or who is the subject of the information [31] to maintain
    [Show full text]
  • Kōrero Kitea: Ngā Hua O Te Whakamamatitanga the Impacts of Digitised Te Reo Archival Collections
    Kōrero Kitea: Ngā hua o te whakamamatitanga The impacts of digitised te reo archival collections Report and analysis of the online survey, 2016 A study conducted by Victoria University of Wellington, with support from the Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, New Zealand Authors: Mark Crookston Dr Gillian Oliver Ariana Tikao Paul Diamond Dr Chern Li Liew Sarsha-Leigh Douglas This research was funded by the InterPARES Trust project https://interparestrust.org About the authors Mark Crookston is the project lead for Kōrero Kitea: Ngā hua o te whakamamatitanga / The impacts of digitised te reo archival collections. Mark currently works at Archives New Zealand and has worked in a range of archive and library roles across NZ and the Pacific. Mark is interested in moving beyond the normal access paradigms of the memory sector into understanding use, reuse, and impacts of archives, in order to improve the archival narrative and promote the critical roles archives play in society. Associate Professor Gillian Oliver undertakes teaching and research in archives and recordkeeping at Victoria University of Wellington’s School of Information Management. She is the Director of the Australasian Team participating in the global InterPARES research programme investigating issues relating to trust in the networked society. The Kōrero Kitea project contributes to ensuring that indigenous perspectives are included in the research. Paul Diamond (Ngāti Hauā, Te Rarawa and Ngāpuhi) was appointed as Curator, Māori at the Alexander Turnbull Library in 2011. He worked as an accountant for seven years before switching to journalism in 1997. Paul is the author of two books (A Fire in Your Belly, Huia 2003; and Makereti: taking Māori to the World, Random House NZ 2007), and has also worked as an oral historian and broadcaster.
    [Show full text]
  • New Zealand's China Policy
    澳大利亚-中国关系研究院 NEW ZEALAND’S CHINA POLICY Building a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership July 2015 FRONT COVER IMAGE: Chinese President Xi Jinping shakes hands with New Zealand’s Prime Minister John Key at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, March 19 2014. © AAP Photo Published by the Australia-China Relations Institute (ACRI) Level 7, UTS Building 11 81 - 115 Broadway, Ultimo NSW 2007 t: +61 2 9514 8593 f: +61 2 9514 2189 e: [email protected] © The Australia-China Relations Institute (ACRI) 2015 ISBN 978-0-9942825-1-4 The publication is copyright. Other than for uses permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without attribution. CONTENTS List of Figures 4 List of Tables 5 Acknowledgements 5 Executive Summary 6 The Historical Context 11 Politics Above All Else 17 Early Days 17 The Pace Quickens 21 Third-country relations 29 Defence and Security 33 New Zealand’s Military Responses to China 34 To The Future 38 Economic and Trade Relations 41 A Larger Share of Global Trade 41 Free Trade Agreements 42 Merchandise Trade 48 Trade in Services 52 Investment Flows 52 Chinese Students in New Zealand 60 Tourism 62 Lessons from the New Zealand-China FTA 64 People 70 Immigration 70 Chinese Language in New Zealand 72 People-To-People 74 Conclusion 75 About The Centre 76 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: New Zealand-China Exports and Imports (1972-2014) 48 Figure 2: Top Six Sources of New Zealand 49 Merchandise Imports (2000-13) Figure 3: Top Six Destinations for New Zealand 50 Merchandise Exports (2000-13) Figure 4:
    [Show full text]
  • Chinese New Zealanders: an Inventory of Records Held by Archives New Zealand © 2013 Wendy Harnett1
    Chinese Southern Diaspora Studies, Volume Six, 2013 南方華裔研究雜誌, 第六卷, 2013 Chinese New Zealanders: An Inventory of Records Held by Archives New Zealand © 2013 Wendy Harnett1 Background This inventory was created in response to an exciting discovery of records of early Chinese migrants to New Zealand. Records of a poll tax imposed on Chinese migrants arriving at Wellington were already held by Archives New Zealand (ANZ), Wellington Head Office. However, poll tax records of Chinese arriving in Auckland were believed to have been destroyed in a fire in the Hope Gibbons Building, Wellington in 1952. In 2012 ANZ Wellington’s Description & Discovery team, while accessioning unprocessed archives, discovered several boxes of Auckland poll tax records covering the period 1882 to 1928.2 The records were listed, repackaged and sent to ANZ Auckland Regional Office where they are being digitised to provide access via Archway, ANZ’s online archives finding aids system (www.archway.archives.govt.nz).3 As a substantial amount of records relating to Chinese New Zealanders is held by Archives New Zealand’s four offices, it was felt that an inventory would be a useful resource for genealogists and other researchers. The majority of records date from 1865 to the 1950s and they reflect the New Zealand government’s activities and policies towards Chinese migrants and provide evidence of the systemic discrimination experienced by them. Many of the records pertain to immigration matters, including the poll tax, and also to the alien status of Chinese immigrants. Other records relate to naturalisation, employment and miscellaneous subjects. Photograph of Suey Ching taken before his temporary departure from New Zealand, 1914 (Archives New Zealand: BBAO 5575 A234/1e, R14850250) 1 Wendy Harnett is a Senior Archivist/Advisor in Description & Discovery, Archives New Zealand Wellington Head Office.
    [Show full text]
  • Māori and Pākehā Health Inequalities in Long-Term Perspective
    “Tall, active and well made”? Māori and Pākehā health inequalities in long-term perspective Kris Inwood, University of Guelph Les Oxley, University of Waikato Evan Roberts, University of Minnesota In this paper we review ethnic differences in physical well-being in New Zealand since the 18th century. The Māori were relatively tall at first contact with Europeans. They experienced little or no stature decline in the 19th century, in spite of a significant diminution of population during European colonization. In the early decades of the 20th century, however, Māori stature declined absolutely and relative to other New Zealanders. Other indicators point to the early 20th century as a period of severe physical stress. We argue that health inequality along ethnic lines is not genetic in origin, at any rate not in a simple sense. Neither is it an inevitable result of vulnerability to introduced European diseases. Rather, health inequality in New Zealand reflects the Māori experience of colonization as New Zealand industrialized and urbanized during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. “Tall, active and well made” 1? New insights into Māori stature and health2 Kris Inwood, University of Guelph Les Oxley, University of Waikato Evan Roberts, University of Minnesota Introduction Between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries the arrival of Europeans brought about a drastic decline of indigenous populations and a colonization of previously independent societies almost everywhere in the Americas and Australasia. Population declined because of military conflict, the epidemological shock of new disease, lost access to means of subsistence, and erosion of the will live leading to fertility decline and suicide.
    [Show full text]
  • Resource Depositories
    Resource Depositories Libraries and Archives in Wellington Wellington City Archives Most of the holdings of Wellington City Archives can be browsed on line, along with digital images of some photographs. Holdings include local authority records for Wellington city dating back to 1842, and the archives of other Wellington organisations ranging from Wellington Harbour Board to Tawa Community Theatre. There is also a module which allows searching of the content of Wellington Rate Books from 1863-65. Alexander Turnbull Library and the National Library of New Zealand The Alexander Turnbull Library is New Zealand’s principal research library. It is co-housed with the National Library of New Zealand – Te Puna. The Alexander Turnbull Library holds extensive printed collections and documentary archives including: manuscripts and non-government archives the national collection of New Zealand newspapers. Its pictorial resources encompass not just photographs, maps and ephemera but also: The New Zealand Cartoon Archive The Archive of New Zealand Music The National Oral History Archives of New Zealand. The following collections are to be found here: The Legal Deposit The National Library benefits from the compulsory deposit provision of the Copyright Act 1962 amended 1989, and by the National Library Act, 2002, which designates it as the national collection of last resort. Publishers must supply two free copies of every book published in New Zealand to the Library. The National Library holds then a comprehensive national imprint. Early Modern Collections The Turnbull Library has one of the world’s best collections of Milton’s works and Miltoniana. Alexander Turnbull collected some 55,000 books as well as thousands of visual images, which were bequeathed to the nation on his death in 1918.
    [Show full text]
  • Annualreport2014 2015.Pdf
    CONTENTS - HE KORERO WHAKATEPE 2 FOREWORD 3 INTRODUCTION 5 RESULTS 6 AUDIENCE 8 STANDARDS 10 PARTNERSHIPS 12 - TAHA MAORI 14 OPERATIONS 16 AUDITOR’S REPORT 18 ANNUAL ACCOUNTS 19 A SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTION 32 PEOPLE 35 FUNDERS 36 Cover Image: Petite Rosse (Pathe, 1909) Petite Rosse is a short film starring world-famous comedian Max Linder that first screened in New Zealand in early 1910. Pathe released the film in both black & white and Pathecolour, an early colour-film process which was considerably more expensive to produce but very popular with audiences. The film was deposited with Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision in 2012 from the collection of the late Warren Sparks by his wife Elza Sparks-Barclay. The film was researched and identified as Petite Rosse and later found to be the only existing example of a complete original release print of the Pathecolor version and, even more unusually, in a copy that is in good enough condition to safely project. The original nitrate print has been sent to the George Eastman Museum as it is one of the only archives in the world that can still project nitrate film. It has now been preserved as part of a fellowship between George Eastman Museum’s Selznick School and Haghefilm in Amsterdam. ANNUAL REPORT 2014/2015 1 – HE KORERO WHAKATEPE He tau tino whakahirahira te tau 2014/15 mō tēnei whakahaere. I te tau 2012 ka riro i Ngā Kaitiaki o ngā Taonga Whitiāhua te mana kaitiaki i te pūranga kōrero. Ara hoki i te tau 2012 ka whakawhitia mai ki a ia hoki ngā pūranga taonga a te Reo Tātaki o Aotearoa, ka kāpuia ngā pūranga matua ā-taringa ā-whatu e toru ki te wāhi kotahi.
    [Show full text]