University Botanic Garden Annual Report 2013-2014 Director’S Report
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The Role of Small Rnas in C4 Photosynthesis
The Role of Small RNAs in C4 Photosynthesis E.L.C. Gage Magdalene College University of Cambridge A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy June 2012 Contents Declaration ........................................................................................................................... i Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ iii Abstract ............................................................................................................................... v List of Figures .................................................................................................................... vii List of Tables .................................................................................................................... viii Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................... ix 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.1: A Requirement for Improved Crop Productivity ....................................................... 1 1.2: The Effects of Photorespiration ................................................................................. 1 1.3: The C4 Cycle .............................................................................................................. 3 1.4: miRNA Regulation of the C4 Cycle ........................................................................ -
CV Andreas P. M. Weber
Andreas P.M. Weber – Curriculum Vitae Institute of Plant Biochemistry Department of Biology Heinrich-Heine-Universität Phone +49-211-81-12347 Geb. 26.03.01 Fax +49-211-81-13706 D-40225 Düsseldorf [email protected] http://www.plant-biochemistry.hhu.de EDUCATION Institution Major/Area Degree Year University of Würzburg Botany Diploma 1991 University of Würzburg Plant Biology Dr. rer.nat. 1996 University of Cologne Plant Biology Habilitation 2002 APPOINTMENTS 2013 Director, Center for Synthetic Life Sciences (CSL), HHU Düsseldorf 2007- Professor (W3) and Chair, Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany 2007-2012 Adjunct Professor of Plant Biology, Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University 2002-2007 Associate Professor of Plant Biology, Department of Plant Biology Michigan State University 1997-2002 Research Group Leader, Department of Plant Biology University of Cologne, Germany 2000-2001 Visiting Scientist (Honorary Fellow), Department of Botany University of Wisconsin-Madison 1996-1997 Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Plant Biology University of Cologne, Germany FUNCTIONS IN STRUCTURED RESEARCH PROGRAMS 2016 Deputy Speaker, Coordinated Research Center 1208 “Identity and Dynamics of Membrane Systems” (SFB 1208; http://www.sfb1208.hhu.de/en.html) 2012 - Speaker, Excellence Cluster EXC 1028, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS; http://ceplas.eu) 2009 - Speaker, International Graduate Training Group IRTG 1525, iGRAD-Plant (http://www.igrad-plant.hhu.de) RESEARCH INTERESTS Physiology, biochemistry, and molecular biology of solute transport in plant cells; compartmentation of metabolic pathways and metabolic networks; photorespiration; C4 photosynthesis; extremophilic eukaryotes; ‘Omics technologies; synthetic experimental evolution; synthetic biology. CURRICULUM VITAE ANDREAS P.M. -
Uk Plant Science Research Strategy a Green Roadmap for the Next Ten Years Contents
UK PLANT SCIENCE RESEARCH STRATEGY A GREEN ROADMAP FOR THE NEXT TEN YEARS CONTENTS Foreword . 1 Introduction . 3 Context . 4 Deliverables . .5 1 Securing. a Pipeline of Transformative Discoveries . 5 2 Strategic. Research to Solve Grand Challenges . .8 3 Innovation. 11 4 Diverse. People and Skills . .18 5 National. Infrastructure . 20 6 International. Landscape . .21 List of Recommendations . 23 Appendix 1: List of people consulted . .25 FOREWORD In many ways the idea of a national strategy I also held a workshop with twenty independent is counterintuitive – science is global and research fellows . I am extremely grateful to more than ever we need to be working across everyone who gave their time and thoughtful national boundaries to solve the enormous input during a very challenging period of environmental and societal challenges that we national lockdown . The issues we discussed face . However, to collaborate more effectively in revolved around what plant science research the international arena we first need increased can and should contribute to society, and what investment and better co-ordination across the mechanisms are needed to ensure effective UK . In April 2020, following discussions with delivery of those contributions . After the colleagues, I proposed a community-driven consultation, I distilled many pages of informal approach to develop a plant science research notes into a two page summary of the core strategy for the UK . I engaged with no personal messages that would underpin the strategy . In or professional agenda, no vested interest and the second phase, this summary was circulated an open mind1 . Melanie Welham, Executive to all consultees, with a request to consult more Chair of the UK Biotechnology and Biological widely within their local constituency and to Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), part feedback any further comments . -
BIOLOGY 639 SCIENCE ONLINE the Unexpected Brains Behind Blood Vessel Growth 641 THIS WEEK in SCIENCE 668 U.K
4 February 2005 Vol. 307 No. 5710 Pages 629–796 $10 07%.'+%#%+& 2416'+0(70%6+10 37#06+6#6+8' 51(69#4' #/2.+(+%#6+10 %'..$+1.1); %.10+0) /+%41#44#;5 #0#.;5+5 #0#.;5+5 2%4 51.76+105 Finish first with a superior species. 50% faster real-time results with FullVelocity™ QPCR Kits! Our FullVelocity™ master mixes use a novel enzyme species to deliver Superior Performance vs. Taq -Based Reagents FullVelocity™ Taq -Based real-time results faster than conventional reagents. With a simple change Reagent Kits Reagent Kits Enzyme species High-speed Thermus to the thermal profile on your existing real-time PCR system, the archaeal Fast time to results FullVelocity technology provides you high-speed amplification without Enzyme thermostability dUTP incorporation requiring any special equipment or re-optimization. SYBR® Green tolerance Price per reaction $$$ • Fast, economical • Efficient, specific and • Probe and SYBR® results sensitive Green chemistries Need More Information? Give Us A Call: Ask Us About These Great Products: Stratagene USA and Canada Stratagene Europe FullVelocity™ QPCR Master Mix* 600561 Order: (800) 424-5444 x3 Order: 00800-7000-7000 FullVelocity™ QRT-PCR Master Mix* 600562 Technical Services: (800) 894-1304 Technical Services: 00800-7400-7400 FullVelocity™ SYBR® Green QPCR Master Mix 600581 FullVelocity™ SYBR® Green QRT-PCR Master Mix 600582 Stratagene Japan K.K. *U.S. Patent Nos. 6,528,254, 6,548,250, and patents pending. Order: 03-5159-2060 Purchase of these products is accompanied by a license to use them in the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Technical Services: 03-5159-2070 process in conjunction with a thermal cycler whose use in the automated performance of the PCR process is YYYUVTCVCIGPGEQO covered by the up-front license fee, either by payment to Applied Biosystems or as purchased, i.e., an authorized thermal cycler. -
Annual Report 2015-2016 Director’S Report
University Botanic Garden Annual Report 2015-2016 Director’s Report This year the Garden focused its attentions on the collections, putting processes and strategies in place to ensure that they are well curated and accessible to all. Our dynamic role supporting research and education in a range of Higher Education institutions around the world was recognised by the first HEFCE Higher Education Museums, Collections and Galleries award to any Botanic Garden. My number one goal for Cambridge University Botanic Garden is that it The quality and extent of our role in supporting research requests and is widely recognised as the go-to institution to access a spectacular education needs from universities beyond our own was recognised range of living plant diversity for research and teaching purposes. This this summer by the award of an annual grant of £150,000 to the vision might sound grandiose, but actually it involves two simple tasks. Garden from the HEFCE Higher Education Museums, Collections and The first is to make sure that our living collection (and the herbarium Galleries fund. This scheme supports work done by HE collections and library that support it) is as diverse as possible, strategically specifically to facilitate research and teaching in the wider HE context. planned to meet the anticipated needs of the global plant science Our application was focused around the high impact research we community, with all material properly validated taxonomically, all support in plant sciences internationally, and around the increasing accessions carefully databased and properly labelled, and with demand for educational support from a variety of HE providers. -
Openplant Handbook 2017 CONTENTS
OpenPlant Handbook 2017 CONTENTS Introduction What is OpenPlant? 4 Objectives 6 Work Programme 7 Summary of progress Year 1 8 Year2 9 Year 3 10 DNA Research highlights 12 Marchantia as a model plant system 15 Plant Research highlights 18 Enabling the innovators 22 OpenPlant Fund projects Hardware 24 Biology 26 Software 29 Biomaker Challenge 30 Practices for responsible innovation 32 Engagement highlights 33 Responsible Innovation projects 26 Global Challenges 38 People Leadership group 40 Coordination group 40 Research leaders 41 Advisory board 44 Research Council coordinators 46 Research associates 46 Meeting notes 54 Image: Bernardo Pollak Multi-spectral fluorescence image of a Marchantia polymorpha gemma (clonal propagule) expressing MpEF1a:mTurquoise2-N7 and MpAGL:Venus-N7 fluorescent reporter genes with propidium iodide-stained cell walls. Image captured by Bernardo Pollak using confocal laser scanning microscopy in the Haseloff laboratory at the University of Cambridge. (Synthetic Botany, Boehm et al. CSH Perspectives in Biology, 2017, doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a023887) 2 3 Synthetic Biology offers the prospect of reprogrammed biological systems for improved and sustainable bioproduction. While early efforts in the field have been directed at microbes, the engineering of plant systems provides even greater potential benefits. In contrast to microbes, plants are already globally cultivated at extremely low cost, harvested on the giga-tonne scale, and routinely used to produce the widest range of biostuffs, from fibres, wood, oils, sugar, fine chemicals, drugs to food. Plants are genetically facile, and GM plants are currently grown on the >100 million hectare scale. Plant systems are ripe for synthetic biology, and any improvement in the ability to reprogram metabolic pathways or plant architecture will have far-reaching consequences. -
University Botanic Garden
University Botanic Garden Annual Report 2011-2012 Director’s Report This year the Garden celebrated several anniversaries, and marked an unwelcome meteorological record. We marked the 250th anniversary of the first University Botanic collaboration with the Royal College of Pathologists we helped to Garden, founded in 1762 as a small physic garden situated close to mount an exhibit at the Chelsea Flower Show, entitled‘Urban the city centre on what is now the New Museums site. We are Greening – Not to be sneezed at’ focussing on respiratory allergies, currently collaborating with the Cambridge Conservation Initiative for which we received a Silver-Gilt medal. Perhaps the horticultural and the University Museum of Zoology, who will be based in highlight of the year was the flowering of an unusual Chinese tree, refurbished buildings on this site, to green the area once again with Emmenopterys henryi, for the first time in Cambridge and only the the opportunity to reflect some of the original garden plantings. fifth time in the UK. It is the cover photograph for this year’s report. It brought a spectacular end to the summer and it was pleasing that The Friends of Cambridge University Botanic Garden celebrated this rare event engendered great interest from the media, keen 30 years and, with over 4800 members, provide enormous support gardeners and curious visitors alike. in many ways. We celebrated the anniversary on a beautiful May evening with the Garden suitably looking its best. This wonderful We said goodbye to and welcomed many new members of staff evening proved to be one of the few when the sun shone in what during the year. -
100 Years of Plant Sciences in Cambridge 1904-2004
Tropical lower montane rain forest in Ecuador, looking toward a tree-fall gap Pollen grain of lime (Tilia cordata) TC Whitmore Nigel Luckhurst Margaret Collinson 100 Years of Plant Sciences in Cambridge 1904-2004 Espaliered Ginkgo on the south side of the building in autumn Published by the Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge. March 2004 H David Thurston David Last Designed and printed by Cambridge Printing, the printing business of Cambridge University Press. www.cambridge.org/promotional Rust disease (Hemileia vastarix) on coffee Plastocyanin of tobacco (above) and pea Current Professors The New Flora Statistics made simple Members of Staff at 1 March 2004 Root mean square And did those feet in ancient time Walk upon Wicken’s fenlands green? And was the Harry Win of God Mid Wicken’s waving sedges seen? Professor and Head of Department Departmental Administrator Library Assistant John Gray Catherine King Richard Savage And did the ecologist supreme Cut profiles in our darkened peat? Professor of Botany Superintendent of the Botanic Garden Secretaries And was the succession ‘stablished there Roger Leigh Tim Upson Virginia Mullins (Secretary to Upon this fen beneath our feet? Head of Department) Other Professors Teaching Coordinator Linda Linsley, Helen Scott Bring me my book by Clapham bold, Chris Gilligan Veronica Bennett Bring me my Warburg of desire. Howard Griffiths Accounts Bring me my Tutin: O flowers unfold! Definition John Parker Assistant Curator of the Herbarium Sue Marrah (Chief Clerk) John Clinton Gray, Roger -
AE50 Winners [email protected]; Darrin Drollinger, ASABE Executive Director, [email protected]
from the President Marketing the Value of Ag and Bio Engineering n my first column in the Now ASABE is addressing that oversight. The McKinley September/October 2013 issue Report, Future Thinking, and Path Forward committees of of Resource, I asked how well your leadership team have culminated in a reconfiguration Iwe have marketed our profes- effort, with the underlying objective of better communicating sion. Perhaps it is more appropriate who we are and what we do in the ABE profession and in to ask ourselves: should we market ASABE. This is the beginning of a marketing effort to help our profession? The answer is a us retain a greater proportion of student members and attract resounding yes, if we wish to not others to join us by showing the world how we are working to only survive but grow, because we solve the grand challenges. are in a relevant, timely, and worthy The reconfiguration will also make us more nimble. It profession that needs to be better will give us more flexibility to expand our horizons even far- known. For example, it is common ther in enhancing sustainable food, water, and energy sys- to encounter prominent forums on tems. The new structure will be advanced first on a national the grand challenges of climate change, world hunger, sustain- level with the expertise of public-relations professionals and ability, and the security of food, water, and energy. With our then on a global level to give us our rightful seat at the table. profession’s unique interdisciplinary approach, we work in all Our profession has great value, but it is not as understood and these areas, yet we are not represented on most of the expert appreciated as it should be. -
Novel Approach in Plastid Transformation Aart JE Van Bel*†, Julian Hibberd‡, Dirk Prüfer§ and Michael Knoblauch*
144 Novel approach in plastid transformation Aart JE van Bel*†, Julian Hibberd‡, Dirk Prüfer§ and Michael Knoblauch* Engineering the nuclear genome of plants is perceived to be dispersal of crop plants engineered for herbicide resistance associated with problems regarding biosafety and the stability may render their weedy relatives insensitive to certain her- of expression of the transgene. Alternative transformation bicides [2]; transgenic pollen may be toxic to nontarget strategies using the genomic outfit of the plastid promise to insects such as butterflies [3••]. be more successful in this respect. Over the past few years progress has been made in screening procedures, and plastid The introduction of genes by engineering the chloroplast transformation technology has allowed function to be assigned has been proposed to remedy the problems associated with to open reading frames, massive expression of insecticidal transgene dispersal into the wild plant population. As there agents and proteins involved in herbicide resistance, and the are no plastids, and hence plastid DNA, in the pollen of accumulation of biopolymers. Recently, the design of a novel most crops (exceptions being alfalfa and possibly rice and femtoinjection technique that allows injection into chloroplasts pea; see [4–6]), any gene introduced into chloroplast-engi- has provided the opportunity to further manipulate and under- neered plants is unlikely to be transferred via the pollen to stand chloroplastic gene expression. the next generation. Introgression of genes from wild rela- tives, however, could eventually allow chloroplast trans- Addresses genes to invade the nontransformed population. The *Institute for General Botany and Plant Physiology, Justus Liebig extent to which introgression of genes between wild rela- University, Senckenbergstrasse 17, D-35390 Giessen, Germany tives occurs is at present uncertain, although in general † e-mail: [email protected] introgression is unusual [7••]. -
Supercharged Photosynthesis Advanced Genetic Tools Could Help Boost Crop Yields and Feed Billions More People
Supercharged Photosynthesis Advanced genetic tools could help boost crop yields and feed billions more people. Availability: 10-15 years by Kevin Bullis In December, geneticists announced that they’d made a major advance in engineering rice plants to carry out photosynthesis in a more efficient way—much as corn and many fast-growing weeds do. The advance, by a consortium of 12 laboratories in eight countries, removes a big obstacle from scientists’ efforts to dramatically increase the production of rice and, potentially, wheat. It comes at a time when yields of those two crops, which together feed nearly 40 percent of the world, are dangerously leveling off, making it increasingly difficult to meet rapidly growing food demand. Supercharged Photosynthesis BreakthroughEngineering rice plants to extract energy from sunlight far more efficiently than they do now. Why It MattersCrop yields aren’t increasing fast enough to keep up with demand from a growing population. Key PlayersPaul Quick, International Rice Research Institute Daniel Voytas, University of Minnesota Julian Hibberd, University of Cambridge Susanne von Caemmerer, Australian National University The supercharged process, called C4 photosynthesis, boosts plants’ growth by capturing carbon dioxide and concentrating it in specialized cells in the leaves. That allows the photosynthetic process to operate much more efficiently. It’s the reason corn and sugarcane grow so productively; if C4 rice ever comes about, it will tower over conventional rice within a few weeks of planting. Researchers calculate that engineering C4 photosynthesis into rice and wheat could increase yields per hectare by roughly 50 percent; alternatively, it would be possible to use far less water and fertilizer to produce the same amount of food. -
University of Cambridge Research Horizons Issue 9
HRESOEARRCH IZONS In this issue SPOTLIGHT ON DARWIN plus news and views from across the University University of Cambridge research magazine www.research-horizons.cam.ac.uk Issue 9 | Summer 2009 EDITORIAL T T H R E O Welcome to the S P Y I C N A summer issue of D L I C B S I O Research Horizons, in O L O F G which we join the C A Y M A S celebrations* of B S R O I D C G Charles Darwin’s birth I A E T U I O 200 years ago and N N I V E the publication of his R S I T work On the Origin of Species 150 years Y L I B ago. R A R Cambridge is home to a treasure- Y trove of Darwin’s artefacts and documents. The world’s largest collections of his plant, animal and geological specimens, his correspondence and manuscripts, Mr Darwin’s postbag Cambridge Conservation notes and experiment books can be Initiative found in our libraries and museums. As a result, the University has become a focal point for research on the pioneering Victorian naturalist. His Contents theories of evolution, natural selection and the origin of species lie at the heart Research News 3–7 of many research areas today – whether Recent stories from across the University it’s the pattern of butterfly wings, biological complexity, human origins, Spotlight On Darwin 8–19 viral evolution or optimising Mr Darwin’s postbag 8 engineering design. This issue brings On the wings of a butterfly 10 you a flavour of this research at In Darwin’s footsteps: the geology of the Galapagos 12 Cambridge: the remarkable stories Displaying the foundations of evolutionary thinking 13 surrounding Darwin’s artefacts, and the Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies 14 new dimension Darwin’s theories have Design optimisation by evolution 15 brought to understanding the world we live in.