Check List 10(2): 253–259, 2014 © 2014 Check List and Authors Chec List ISSN 1809-127X (available at www.checklist.org.br) Journal of lists and distribution

A Preliminary Checklist of of Ulu Paip pecies

S Recreational Forest, Kedah,

of

Shahrudin Shahriza 1* and Jaafar Ibrahim 2 ists L

1 School of Pharmaceutical [email protected] Universiti Sains Malaysia 11800 Penang, Malaysia. 2 School of Distance Education Universiti Sains Malaysia 11800 Penang, Malaysia. * Corresponding author. E-mail: Abstract:

Surveys on species in Ulu Paip Recreational Forest, Kedah were carried out over 12 consecutive months from January 2011 to December 2011. Twenty species of from 11 genera and six families were recorded to inhabit this forest. This study represents the first report of amphibian species from Ulu Paip Recreational Forest.

Introduction as Pedostibes hosii, , Ulu Paip Recreational Forest is located in Compartment blythii, L. laticeps, L. paramacrodon, Leptobrachium hendricksoni, labialis and H. laterimaculata part of the state of Kedah. This recreational forest can be were also collected, stored in 95% ethanol and deposited accessedTwo of Gunung by road Bongsu and Forest is approximately Reserve in the 18 southwestern km from the at the School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, USM for future

(1975) while taxonomic nomenclature followed Frost town of Kulim and 53 km from Penang Island. The main (2012).DNA analysis. Identification of species followed Berry drainage system, Sungai Karangan originates from Gunung Bongsu (658 m asl), flows through Sungai Muda and Results empties into the Straits of Malacca. Within the sampling area, the width of the river is approximately 5–8 m, were recorded from Ulu Paip Recreational Forest (Table composed of rocks and boulders and a riverbed of sand Twenty species of frogs from 11 genera and six families areas.and gravel. Lowland Apart dipterocarp from the main forest river, surrounds there were this ditches, area butsmall most forest parts streams of the forest and swamps were transformed around the into surveyed farms, 1). Photos of the frog species are shown in Figure 2(A–H), orchards, rubber and oil palm plantations. Figure 3(A–H) and Figure 4(A–D). parts of Kedah (Norhayati et al. 2005; Ibrahim et al. IbrahimHerpetofaunal et al. 2012a,b; surveys Shahriza have been et al. conducted 2011a,b) in but various until now, no such study has been conducted at Ulu Paip. 2006;Thus, that occur in Ulu Paip Recreational Forest. in this report we present the first checklist of amphibians Materials and Methods The amphibian species of Ulu Paip Recreational Forest, Kedah (5° ° ca. monthly from January 2011 to December 2011 on 12 23′ N, 100 39′ E, 100 m asl) were surveyed from the car park and upstream for approximately 500 consecutive visits (Figure 1). Samplings were conducted asm. smallSamplings forest were streams, done ditches, in the river, swampy along areas, the river temporary banks puddles,and 4–5 m rockpools, away from tree the buttress,river banks. tree Microhabitats holes, leaf litter,such rotten logs, rocks, tree branches and trunks around the areas were examined. Specimens were collected at night (20:00 to 23:00 h) in field parties consisting of three to four persons by active searching or chance encounters using bare hands and fish nets. Live specimens were storedphotographed in 70% using ethanol an and Olympus deposited digital at camera the School model of SP800, euthanized using tricane, fixed with 10% formalin, Figure 1. Location of Ulu Paip, Kedah. Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia for future reference. Tissue samples from several species such 253 Shahriza and Ibrahim | Amphibians of Ulu Paip Recreational Forest, Malaysia

A B

C D

E F

G H

Figure 2. Some amphibian species found at Ulu Paip, Kedah. A) Duttaphrynus melanostictus parvus; C) Pedostibes hosii; D) Phrynoidis aspera Fejervarya cancrivora; F) Fejervarya limnocharis; G) Limnonectes blythii Limnonectes laticeps. ; B) ; E) ; H)

254 Shahriza and Ibrahim | Amphibians of Ulu Paip Recreational Forest, Malaysia

A B

C D

E F

G H

Figure 3. Some amphibian species found at Ulu Paip, Kedah. A) Limnonectes paramacrodon Occidozyga laevis; C) Occidozyga martensii; D) Leptobrachium hendricksoni butleri; F) Microhyla heymonsi; G) Hylarana erythraea Hylarana glandulosa. ; B) ; E) ; H)

255 Shahriza and Ibrahim | Amphibians of Ulu Paip Recreational Forest, Malaysia

A B

C D

Figure 4. Some amphibian species found at Ulu Paip, Kedah. A) Hylarana labialis Hylarana laterimaculata; C) Hylarana nicobariensis; D) Polypedates leucomystax. ; B) Species Account

Family Bufonidae broad, truncate disks and first finger with at least two Duttaphrynus melanostictus Phrynoidisjoints free ofaspera web (Berry, 1975).

(Schneider, 1799) (Figure 2A) (Gravenhorst, 1829) (Figure 2D) An amplectant pair was observed in December 2011 This common was found every month during the in a shallow temporary pool (8–12 cm deep) beside the adjacentsampling streams. period. Individuals Sometimes were frequently can be found observed perched on road along the way to Ulu Paip after heavy rain. Two other or under big rocks, boulders or fallen logs near the river or males were also observed calling at the same site. They match the description of this species in having a stout on tree branches (ca. 1–2 m above ground) and also in body, supraorbital bony ridges, absence of parietal ridges the public toilet. An average of seven to ten individuals and elongated parotoid gland (more than twice as long as were encountered during each visit. They resemble the Ingerophrynuswide) (Berry, 1975). parvus description of this species in having a stout body, head wider than long, supraorbital bony ridges, no parietal (Boulenger, 1887) (Figure 2B) ridges and round to triangular parotoid gland but never An adult male (11USM-UP-IP01) was captured in Familytwice as long as wide (Berry, 1975). October 2011 perched on rotten wood near a shallow Fejervarya cancrivora temporary puddle at the edge of a forest stream. It is in accord with Berry’s (1975) description of this species in (Gravenhorst, 1829) (Figure 2E) having triangular or oval parotoid gland and this gland is An adult was observed in May 2011 in a ditch with Pedostibesnot followed hosii by enlarged warts. shallow water and another one in August 2011 near the edge of a small stream. They match the description (Boulenger, 1892) (Figure 2C) of this species in having several characteristics such as Several males were actively calling in January, March, web not reaching tips of all toes, back with many distinct November and December 2011 but none were heard longitudinal ridges and throat variably marbled with light or observed during other months. In January 2011, four Fejervaryaand darker limnochariscolour (Berry, 1975). collectedmales were perched heard on calling tree around branch a approximately small forest stream 1.5 m near the main river. One adult (11USM-UP-PH01) was (Gravenhorst, 1829) (Figure 2F) the We car found park, in this ditches species and in around every temporary month during puddles. the above ground. It matches the diagnosis of this species in survey period. Usually this species was encountered near having a moderately stout body, tips of fingers dilated into 256 Shahriza and Ibrahim | Amphibians of Ulu Paip Recreational Forest, Malaysia

In November 2011, two amplectant pairs were sighted in 2011 sitting on wet forest floor and another one (11USM- a shallow puddle beside the road after evening shower. UP-LH02) was caught in October 2011 hiding among leaf Several other males were observed calling at the same tympanumlitter near a distinct,small forest a supratympanic stream. They match fold the from diagnosis eye to site and two individuals (11USM-UP-FL01, 02) were of this species in having a broad head, snout rounded, captured as voucher specimens. These specimens are in outeraccord metatarsal with Berry’s tubercles, (1975) tipsdescription of toes bluntof this or species pointed, in axilla, ventral surface with large or small black dots and having several characteristics such as the present of small Familyred iris (Taylor, 1962). beyond middle tubercle of fourth toe. Microhyla butleri not expanded and broad webbing usually not extending Limnonectes blythii Boulenger, 1900 (Figure 3E) An adult (11USM-UP-MB01) was collected in May 2011 (Boulenger, 1920) (Figure 2G) characteristicswhile hiding under such stone as no beside dark lateral a road. bands This specimen or black A single adult (11USM-UP-LB01) was captured in May marksresemble in middlethe description of the back of this and species back with in having symmetrical several 2011 while hiding under a big rock at the edge of the toriver. rather It is pointed,in accord tympanum with Berry’s distinct, (1975) dark description temporal of spot this species in having a longer head than broad, snout rounded pattern of large wavy markings which extend down onto Microhylasides (Berry, heymonsi 1975). processesnot covering on lower entire jaw. tympanum, web reaching disks of 2 nd and 3 rd toes on both sides and males with fang like Vogt, 1911 (Figure 3F) Limnonectes laticeps An amplectant pair was observed in August 2011 in a shallow temporary puddle near a ditch after heavy rains. (Boulenger, 1882) (Figure 2H) We also heard many males actively calling around this area. Two individuals (11USM-UP-LL01, 02) were caught in They are in accord with Berry’s (1975) description of this March 2011 perched on tree roots at the edge of a small species in having a prominent dark band with contrasting forest stream. They match the diagnosis of this species middlelight upper of the edges back. running down side of body from snout in having several characteristics such as tympanum not to inguinal region and a pair of small black marks in the visible through skin, toes not fully webbed to disks, no Family Ranidae 1975).freely movable flap of skin along fifth toe and skin of lower Hylarana erythraea leg smooth without conspicuous spiny tubercles (Berry, An adult was spotted in April 2011 perched on tree Limnonectes paramacrodon (Schlegel, 1837) (Figure 3G)

(Inger, 1966) (Figure 3A) twig (approx. 20 cm above ground) adjacent to the ditch. An adult (11USM-UP-LP01) was collectedOccidozyga in February laevis, It is match the description of this species in having two Hylarana2011 while glandulosa hiding beside and H. tree laterimaculata buttress near were a muddy also broad and light longitudinal stripes on dorsum and no swamp. Several other species such as Hylaranalongitudinal glandulosa lines on femur (Berry, 1975). We heard the sound of this species in April, May, sighted around this swamp. It matches the description of (Boulenger, 1882) (Figure 3H) this species in having a smooth or with sparse tubercles on dorsal skin and a dark temporal spot covering the entire September, November and December 2011. Several males Occidozygatympanum (Berry,laevis 1975). were actively calling from the swampy areas and ditches near the main river. These activities started as early as (Gunther, 1858) (Figure 3B) Hylarana17:30 until labialis 19:30 h. Several specimens were sighted in July 2011 half- immersed in a muddy swamp but only two individuals (Boulenger, 1887) (Figure 4A) (11USM-UP-OL01, 02) were collected as vouchers. These An adult (11USM-UP-HLab01) was captured in June specimens are in accord with Berry’s (1975) description 2011 while sitting on leaves (approx. 20 cm above ground) of this species in having several characteristics such as at the edge of a small forest stream. This specimen is in tongue broadly rounded at tip, toe tips usually expanded tubercleaccord with on foot. Berry’s (1975) description of this species Occidozygainto disks and martensii have a smooth belly. in having large finger disks and a small outer metatarsal Hylarana laterimaculata (Peters, 1867) (Figure 3C) a road.One This individual specimen (11USM-UP-OM01) is in accord with description was captured of this in (Barbour & Noble, 1916) (Figure speciesJuly 2011 by in Norhayati a small puddle et al. filled with dead leaves beside 4B) tympanum and smooth skin with rounded warts near the Two individuals were encountered in September 2011 (2009) in having indistinct perched on fern twigs (approx. 30 cm above ground) near a swampy area. Only a single individual (11USM- vent, flanks and limbs. UP-HLat01) was collected as a voucher specimen. It is Family Megophryidae mayin accord be more with distinct Berry’s on (1975) the sides description than on of the this back species and Leptobrachium hendricksoni in having small or large flat glandular tubercles which toe. Taylor, 1962 (Figure 3D) having a little extending web beyond outer tubercle of fifth One specimen (11USM-UP-LH01) was collected in July 257 Shahriza and Ibrahim | Amphibians of Ulu Paip Recreational Forest, Malaysia

Hylarana nicobariensis Six commensal species which are Duttaphrynus melanostictus, Fejervarya limnocharis, Microhyla butleri, (Stoliczka, 1870) (Figure 4C) Microhyla heymonsi, Hylarana erythraea and Polypedates An adult was sighted in October 2011 resting on leucomystax Ingerophrynus dead wood (approx. 20 cm above ground) near a ditch. parvus, Pedostibes hosii, Phrynoidis aspera, Fejervarya It matches the description of this species in having pale cancrivora, and Limnonectes 14 forest frogs blythii, which Limnonectes are laticeps, gland on upper arm and located distally near bend of Limnonectes paramacrodon, Occidozyga laevis, Occidozyga Familyelbow (Berry, Rhacophoridae 1975). martensii, Leptobrachium hendricksoni, Hylarana Polypedates leucomystax glandulosa, Hylarana labialis, Hylarana laterimaculata and Hylarana nicobariensis were found in Ulu Paip forest. (Gravenhorst, 1829) (Figure 4D) An amplectant pair was observed in November 2011 sitting on dead leaves near a temporary puddle beside According to Inger (2005) commensal species live in roundedthe road snout after eveningtip, smooth shower. heel Theywithout are conicle in accord tubercle with severely disturbed environments, environments directly diagnosis of this species by Berry’s (1975) in having Uluassociated Paip, allwith the the commensal activities of species man. All were of these encountered species nearbreed or in in ponds the temporary and are rarely puddles if ever and found ditches in besideforests. the In Discussionand back often with four longitudinal stripes. road (disturbed areas) and not found in the forest. The

Paip Recreational Forest and this number is comparable in lowland dipterocarp forest of Peninsular Malaysia. In Twenty species of frogs were found to inhabit Ulu remaining 14 species are common forest frogs that live wereto other recorded sampling (Ibrahim sites inet Kedah.al. In Gunung Inas Forest forestUlu Paip, species we sighted such asthese P. hosii, species L. paramacrodonin the forest or andat the H. Reserve (18 km from Ulu Paip), 28 species of amphibians laterimaculataedge of the forest were (undisturbedalso encountered areas). here. Some The presence secretive were recorded (Shahriza et al. 2012a) while at Lata Bukit Hijau (55 km from Ulu Paip), 18 specieset al. of amphibians H. laterimaculata while Jerai (Ibrahim et al. 2011b). Other locations inet of swampy areas with stagnant water in Ulu Paip forest al.Kedah such as Beris Valley (Shahriza 2011a), Gunung providedsites for P. an hosii ideal and breeding L. paramacrodon site for 2006) and Bukit Perangin (Ibrahim small forest streams withP. hosii slow moving currents are ideal 2012b) recorded 14, 14 and 15 species of amphibians . According to Inger respectively. and Stuebing (1989), lives in primary forest and Table 1. Amphibians of Ulu Paip Recreational Forest, Kedah.

TAXA 2011 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC Bufonidae (4 species) Duttaphrynus melanostictus X X X X X X Ingerophrynus parvus X X X ------Pedostibes hosii X X X X ------Phrynoidis aspera X X X X X X X X X X X X ------Dicroglossidae (7 species) Fejervarya cancrivora X X Fejervarya limnocharis X X X X X X X X X X X X ------Limnonectes blythii - - - - X X X X X Limnonectes laticeps - - X X X X - - - Limnonectes paramacrodon X ------Occidozyga laevis X X X X X X ------Occidozyga martensii X X X ------Megophryidae (1 species) ------Leptobrachium hendricksoni X X X X Microhylidae (2 species) ------Microhyla butleri X X X X X Microhyla heymonsi X X X X X X ------Ranidae (5 species) ------Hylarana erythraea X X X Hylarana glandulosa - X X X X X ------Hylarana labialis X X X ------Hylarana laterimaculata X X ------Hylarana nicobariensis X X X ------Rhacophoridae (1 species) ------Polypedates leucomystax X X X X Number of species (20) 6 7 6 7 9 8 8 9 5 7 10 11 ------

- = Absence X = Presence 258 Shahriza and Ibrahim | Amphibians of Ulu Paip Recreational Forest, Malaysia

Frost, D. 2012. Amphibia Species of the World

. Accessible at http:// comes to medium-sized clear streams to breed. Their research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia. Captured on 20 thattadpoles P. hosii live canin side be foundpools inand the in forestaccumulations and other of dense dead Abundance,March 2013. Density and Distribution of Amphibian Species on leaves in these streams. Additionaly other record shows Ibrahim, J., I. Wong, A.S. Nur Ziana, Y. Khoo and I. Ayyub. 2006. Relative Hutan Simpan Gunung Jerai,Gunung Kedah: Jerai; Pengurusan, pp. 419–426, Persekitaran in: S.M. Ismail, Fizikal W.Y.W. dan Ahmad, Kepelbagaian J. Md forvegetation L. paramacrodon, along large this lowland species prefers rivers andsmall breeding streams BiologiSom, Y. Muda and A. Latiff Mohamad (ed.). takes place in a clear forest streams (IUCN, 2013). As . Kuala Lumpur: Jabatan Perhutanan Semenanjung Malaysia. Ibrahim, J., I. Nur Hafizah, A.R.Pertanika Nurul Dalila, Journal T. ofChoimmber Tropical Agriculture and M.A. thein primary presence and of selectivelyP. hosii logged, lowland rain forest to Science.Abdul Muin. 2012a. Amphibian Biodiversity of Gunung Inas Forest Decemberbreed (Inger 2011, & Stuebing, 1989). However, in July weand only September spotted Reserve, Kedah, Malaysia. H. laterimaculata Amirah, 35(2):A.R. Nurul 249–256. Dalila, M.A. Abdul Muin and I. Amirudin. 2012b. 2011 and L. paramacrodon in January, only in February March, November 2011. and Ibrahim, J., A. Zalina, S. Shahriza, M.S. Shahrul Anuar, I. Nur Hafizah, H. Kedah, Malaysia. Sains Malaysiana Checklist of the Herpetofauna of Bukit Perangin Forest Reserve, transformed into farms, orchards, rubber and oil palm . 41(6): 691–696. Most parts of the forest in Ulu Paip have been Inger,Wallace R.F. 2005. in Sarawak-150 The Frog Fauna Years ofLater. the An Indo-Malayan International Region Conference as it onApplies Biogeography to Wallace’s and Line; Biodiversity pp. 82–90,. Kota in: A.A. Samarahan: Tuen and InstituteI. Das (ed.). of plantations. As a result, various microhabitats such as asleaf swamps, litter, rotten freshwater logs, tree marshes, buttress, small tree holes, creeks shrubs and Biodiversity and EnvironmentalFrogs Conservation, of Sabah. Kota Universiti Kinabalu: Malaysia Sabah and bushes have been destroyed. Breeding sites such Sarawak.Parks Trustees. 82–90. 129 pp. Inger, R.F. andThe R.B. IUCN Stuebing. Red List1989. of Threatened Species Version 2013.2 ditches become dry due to increase light intensity. These IUCN 2013. phenomena will affect the population of frog species and Accessible at http://www.iucnredlist.org.Amphibians Captured of Ulu on Muda 25 some species that cannot survive in a new environment will ForestNovember Reserve, 2013. Kedah. Kuala Lumpur: Forestry Department of Norhayati,Peninsular A., S. Malaysia. Juliana and120 B.L.pp. Lim. 2005. die. On the other hand, the use of pesticide and herbicide Amphibia My: Amphibians in the agricultural areas also affected the survival of the and Reptiles of Peninsular Malaysia frog species. To protect the frog species in Ulu Paip, the Norhayati, A., B. Daicus and K.O. Chan. 2009. Shahriza, S., J. Ibrahim, A.R. Nurul Dalila. Accessible and M.A. Abdulat http://amphibia. Muin. 2011a. government especially the Forestry Department should my. Captured on 25 October 2013. monitor or stop the agriculture activities in this area. Malaysia. Tropical Life Sciences Research Acknowledgments: Shahriza,An Annotated S., J. Ibrahim Checklist and M.S. of the Shahrul Herpetofauna Anuar. 2011b. of Beris The Valley, Amphibian Kedah, 22(1): 13–25.Russian Journal of We wish to express our heartfelt gratitude to Herpetology Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang for all the facilities and amenities Fauna of Lata Bukit Hijau, Kedah, Malaysia. . University of provided. Also thank you to all our friends, colleagues and everyone who Kansas Science. 18(3): Bulletin 221–227. were involved in this project. This research project was supported by Taylor, E.H. 1962. The Amphibian Fauna of Universiti Sains Malaysia, Short Term Grant No. 304/PFARMASI/638161 43: 267–599. to the first author and Research University Grant No. 1001/ LiteraturePJJAUH/815030 Cited to the second author. The Amphibian Fauna of Peninsular Malaysia. Kuala Received: October 2013 Accepted: February 2014 : Perry Lee Wood Jr Berry, P.Y. 1975. Published online: May 2014 Lumpur: Tropical Press. 133 pp. Editorial responsibility

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