Entomophthorales
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Diversification of Fungal Chitinases and Their Functional Differentiation in 2 Histoplasma Capsulatum 3
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.09.137125; this version posted June 16, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Diversification of fungal chitinases and their functional differentiation in 2 Histoplasma capsulatum 3 4 Kristie D. Goughenour1*, Janice Whalin1, 5 Jason C. Slot2, Chad A. Rappleye1# 6 7 1 Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University 8 2 Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio State University 9 10 11 #corresponding author: 12 [email protected] 13 614-247-2718 14 15 *current affiliation: 16 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine 17 University of Michigan 18 VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Research Service 19 Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA 20 21 22 running title: Fungal chitinases 23 24 keywords: chitinase, GH18, fungi, Histoplasma 25 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.09.137125; this version posted June 16, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-ND 4.0 International license. 26 ABSTRACT 27 Chitinases enzymatically hydrolyze chitin, a highly abundant biomolecule with many potential 28 industrial and medical uses in addition to their natural biological roles. Fungi are a rich source of 29 chitinases, however the phylogenetic and functional diversity of fungal chitinases are not well 30 understood. -
Fungal Evolution: Major Ecological Adaptations and Evolutionary Transitions
Biol. Rev. (2019), pp. 000–000. 1 doi: 10.1111/brv.12510 Fungal evolution: major ecological adaptations and evolutionary transitions Miguel A. Naranjo-Ortiz1 and Toni Gabaldon´ 1,2,3∗ 1Department of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain 2 Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain 3ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain ABSTRACT Fungi are a highly diverse group of heterotrophic eukaryotes characterized by the absence of phagotrophy and the presence of a chitinous cell wall. While unicellular fungi are far from rare, part of the evolutionary success of the group resides in their ability to grow indefinitely as a cylindrical multinucleated cell (hypha). Armed with these morphological traits and with an extremely high metabolical diversity, fungi have conquered numerous ecological niches and have shaped a whole world of interactions with other living organisms. Herein we survey the main evolutionary and ecological processes that have guided fungal diversity. We will first review the ecology and evolution of the zoosporic lineages and the process of terrestrialization, as one of the major evolutionary transitions in this kingdom. Several plausible scenarios have been proposed for fungal terrestralization and we here propose a new scenario, which considers icy environments as a transitory niche between water and emerged land. We then focus on exploring the main ecological relationships of Fungi with other organisms (other fungi, protozoans, animals and plants), as well as the origin of adaptations to certain specialized ecological niches within the group (lichens, black fungi and yeasts). -
Bodenmikrobiologie (Version: 07/2019)
Langzeitmonitoring von Ökosystemprozessen - Methoden-Handbuch Modul 04: Bodenmikrobiologie (Version: 07/2019) www.hohetauern.at Impressum Impressum Für den Inhalt verantwortlich: Dr. Fernando Fernández Mendoza & Prof. Mag Dr. Martin Grube Institut für Biologie, Bereich Pflanzenwissenschaften, Universität Graz, Holteigasse 6, 8010 Graz Nationalparkrat Hohe Tauern, Kirchplatz 2, 9971 Matrei i.O. Titelbild: Ein Transekt im Untersuchungsgebiet Innergschlöss (2350 m üNN) wird im Jahr 2017 beprobt. © Newesely Zitiervorschlag: Fernández Mendoza F, Grube M (2019) Langzeitmonitoring von Ökosystemprozessen im Nationalpark Hohe Tauern. Modul 04: Mikrobiologie. Methoden-Handbuch. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien. ISBN-Online: 978-3-7001-8752-3, doi: 10.1553/GCP_LZM_NPHT_Modul04 Weblink: https://verlag.oeaw.ac.at und http://www.parcs.at/npht/mmd_fullentry.php?docu_id=38612 Inhaltsverzeichnis Zielsetzung ...................................................................................................................................................... 1 Inhalt Vorbereitungsarbeit und benötigtes Material ................................................................................................... 2 a. Materialien für die Probenahme und Probenaufbewahrung ................................................................ 2 b. Materialien und Geräte für die Laboranalyse ...................................................................................... 2 Arbeitsablauf ................................................................................................................................................... -
AN ABSTRACT of the THESIS of Robert Frank Koontz for the Ph
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Robert Frank Koontz for the Ph. D. (Name of student) (Degree) in Entomology presented onFebruary 14, 1968 (Major) (Date) Title: BIOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS OF THE FUNGUS, ENTOMOPHTHORA CORONATA (COSTANTIN) KEVORKIAN, AND THE GARDEN SYMPHYLAN, SCUTIGERELLA IMMACULATA (NEWPORT) Signature redacted for privacy. Abstract approved: Clarence G. Thoripson I A study was made to determine biological relationships between the garden symphylan, Scutigerella immaculata (Newport), and an entomogenous fungus, Entomophthora coronata (Costantin), which attacks it under certain conditions.Until this fungus was found to infect this pest, no organism which seemed to offer prom- ise of control had been discovered. Symphylan populations were exposed to coronata and the pathology followed.When i ew syrnphylans were added to an in- fected culture as the diseased individuals died, an epizootic condition developed to apoint at which symphylans were infected and killed in less than two days. E. coronata survived in contaminated containers for as much as five months without susceptible hosts asevidenced by infection of reintroduced symphylans. Wax moth larvae, Galleria, and European house crickets showed high mortality when injected with spores suspended in physiological saline solution.Wax moth larvae and mealworms, Tenebrio, were infected when they were dusted with spores and incubated at 15°C temperature in high humidity. Penetration of the cuticle by germ tubes from attached spores is the usual pathway of infection. Temperature ranges for both organisms correspond closely. Both become active a few degrees above freezing and reach an optimum between 20° and 300G.Lethal temperature for both is somewhat below 37° C. -
(Fungi, Entomophthoromycota) Attacking Coleoptera with a Key for Their Identification
Entomophthorales (Fungi, Entomophthoromycota) attacking Coleoptera with a key for their identification Autor(en): Keller, Siegfried Objekttyp: Article Zeitschrift: Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft = Bulletin de la Société Entomologique Suisse = Journal of the Swiss Entomological Society Band (Jahr): 86 (2013) Heft 3-4 PDF erstellt am: 05.10.2021 Persistenter Link: http://doi.org/10.5169/seals-403074 Nutzungsbedingungen Die ETH-Bibliothek ist Anbieterin der digitalisierten Zeitschriften. Sie besitzt keine Urheberrechte an den Inhalten der Zeitschriften. Die Rechte liegen in der Regel bei den Herausgebern. Die auf der Plattform e-periodica veröffentlichten Dokumente stehen für nicht-kommerzielle Zwecke in Lehre und Forschung sowie für die private Nutzung frei zur Verfügung. Einzelne Dateien oder Ausdrucke aus diesem Angebot können zusammen mit diesen Nutzungsbedingungen und den korrekten Herkunftsbezeichnungen weitergegeben werden. Das Veröffentlichen von Bildern in Print- und Online-Publikationen ist nur mit vorheriger Genehmigung der Rechteinhaber erlaubt. Die systematische Speicherung von Teilen des elektronischen Angebots auf anderen Servern bedarf ebenfalls des schriftlichen Einverständnisses der Rechteinhaber. Haftungsausschluss Alle Angaben erfolgen ohne Gewähr für Vollständigkeit oder Richtigkeit. Es wird keine Haftung übernommen für Schäden durch die Verwendung von Informationen aus diesem Online-Angebot oder durch das Fehlen von Informationen. Dies gilt auch für Inhalte Dritter, die über dieses Angebot zugänglich sind. Ein Dienst der ETH-Bibliothek ETH Zürich, Rämistrasse 101, 8092 Zürich, Schweiz, www.library.ethz.ch http://www.e-periodica.ch MITTEILUNGEN DER SCHWEIZERISCHEN ENTOMOLOGISCHEN GESELLSCHAFT BULLETIN DE LA SOCIÉTÉ ENTOMOLOGIQUE SUISSE 86: 261-279.2013 Entomophthorales (Fungi, Entomophthoromycota) attacking Coleoptera with a key for their identification Siegfried Keller Rheinweg 14, CH-8264 Eschenz; [email protected] A key to 30 species of entomophthoralean fungi is provided. -
Two New Species of Entomophthoraceae (Zygomycetes, Entomophthorales) Linking the Genera Entomophaga and Eryniopsis
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Sydowia Jahr/Year: 1993 Band/Volume: 45 Autor(en)/Author(s): Keller Siegfried, Eilenberg Jorgen Artikel/Article: Two new species of Entomophthoraceae (Zygomycetes, Entomophthorales) linking the genera Entomophaga and Eryniopsis. 264- 274 ©Verlag Ferdinand Berger & Söhne Ges.m.b.H., Horn, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Two new species of Entomophthoraceae (Zygomycetes, Entomophthorales) linking the genera Entomophaga and Eryniopsis S. Keller1 & J. Eilenberg2 •Federal Research Station for Agronomy, Reckenholzstr. 191, CH-8046 Zürich, Switzerland 2The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Department of Ecology and Molecular Biology, Bülowsvej 13, DK 1870 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark Keller, S. & Eilenberg, J. (1993). Two new species of Entomophthoraceae (Zygomycetes, Entomophthorales) linking the genera Entomophaga and Eryniopsis. - Sydowia 45 (2): 264-274. Two new species of the genus Eryniopsis from nematoceran Diptera are descri- bed; E. ptychopterae from Ptychoptera contaminala and E. transitans from Limonia tripunctata. Both produce primary conidia and two types of secondary conidia. The primary conidia of E. ptychopterae are 36-39 x 23-26 urn and those of E. transitans 32-43 x 22-29 um. The two species are very similar but differ mainly in the shape of the conidia and number of nuclei they contain. Both species closely resemble mem- bers of the Entomophaga grilly group and probably form the missing link between Eryniopsis and Entomophaga. Keywords: Insect pathogenic fungi, taxonomy, Diptera, Limoniidae, Ptychop- teridae. The Entomophthoraceae consists of mostly insect pathogenic fun- gi whose taxonomy has not been lully resolved. One controversial genus is Eryniopsis which is characterized by unitunicate, plurinucleate and elongate primary conidia usually produced on un- branched conidiophores and discharged by papillar eversion (Hum- ber, 1984). -
Survey of Lepidoptera of the Wainwright Dunes Ecological Reserve
SURVEY OF LEPIDOPTERA OF THE WAINWRIGHT DUNES ECOLOGICAL RESERVE Alberta Species at Risk Report No. 159 SURVEY OF LEPIDOPTERA OF THE WAINWRIGHT DUNES ECOLOGICAL RESERVE Doug Macaulay Alberta Species at Risk Report No.159 Project Partners: i ISBN 978-1-4601-3449-8 ISSN 1496-7146 Photo: Doug Macaulay of Pale Yellow Dune Moth ( Copablepharon grandis ) For copies of this report, visit our website at: http://www.aep.gov.ab.ca/fw/speciesatrisk/index.html This publication may be cited as: Macaulay, A. D. 2016. Survey of Lepidoptera of the Wainwright Dunes Ecological Reserve. Alberta Species at Risk Report No.159. Alberta Environment and Parks, Edmonton, AB. 31 pp. ii DISCLAIMER The views and opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the policies of the Department or the Alberta Government. iii Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................... vi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................... vi 1.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1 2.0 STUDY AREA ............................................................................................................. 2 3.0 METHODS ................................................................................................................... 6 4.0 RESULTS .................................................................................................................... -
Epidemiological, Clinical and Diagnostic Aspects of Sheep Conidiobolomycosis in Brazil
Ciência Rural, Santa Maria,Epidemiological, v.46, n.5, p.839-846, clinical mai, and 2016 diagnostic aspects of sheep conidiobolomycosis http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20150935 in Brazil. 839 ISSN 1678-4596 MICROBIOLOGY Epidemiological, clinical and diagnostic aspects of sheep conidiobolomycosis in Brazil Aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e de diagnóstico da conidiobolomicose ovina no Brasil Carla WeiblenI Daniela Isabel Brayer PereiraII Valéria DutraIII Isabela de GodoyIII Luciano NakazatoIII Luís Antonio SangioniI Janio Morais SanturioIV Sônia de Avila BottonI* — REVIEW — ABSTRACT As lesões da conidiobolomicose normalmente são de caráter granulomatoso e necrótico, apresentando-se sob duas formas Conidiobolomycosis is an emerging disease caused clínicas: rinofacial e nasofaríngea. O presente artigo tem como by fungi of the cosmopolitan genus Conidiobolus. Particular objetivo revisar as principais características da doença em ovinos, strains of Conidiobolus coronatus, Conidiobolus incongruus and particularizando a epidemiologia, assim como os aspectos clínicos Conidiobolus lamprauges, mainly from tropical or sub-tropical e o diagnóstico das infecções causadas por Conidiobolus spp. no origin, cause the mycosis in humans and animals, domestic or Brasil. Neste País, a enfermidade é endêmica nas regiões nordeste wild. Lesions are usually granulomatous and necrotic in character, e centro-oeste, afetando ovinos predominantemente de raças presenting two clinical forms: rhinofacial and nasopharyngeal. deslanadas, ocasionando a morte na grande maioria dos casos This review includes the main features of the disease in sheep, with estudados. As espécies do fungo responsáveis pelas infecções an emphasis on the epidemiology, clinical aspects, and diagnosis em ovinos são C. coronatus e C. lamprauges e a forma clínica of infections caused by Conidiobolus spp. -
Ad Hoc Referees Committee for This Issue Thomas Dirnböck
COMITATO DI REVISIONE PER QUESTO NUMERO – Ad hoc referees committee for this issue Thomas Dirnböck Umweltbundesamt GmbH Studien & Beratung II, Spittelauer Lände 5, 1090 Wien, Austria Marco Kovac Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vecna pot 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenija Susanna Nocentini Università degli Studi di Firenze, DISTAF, Via S. Bonaventura 13, 50145 Firenze Ralf Ohlemueller Department of Biology, University of York, PO Box 373, York YO10 5YW, UK Sandro Pignatti Orto Botanico di Roma, Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, L.go Cristina di Svezia, 24, 00165 Roma Stergios Pirintsos Department of Biology, University of Crete, P.O.Box 2208, 71409 Heraklion, Greece Matthias Plattner Hintermann & Weber AG, Oeko-Logische Beratung Planung Forschung, Hauptstrasse 52, CH-4153 Reinach Basel Arne Pommerening School of Agricultural & Forest Sciences, University of Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, DU/ UK Roberto Scotti Università degli Studi di Sassari, DESA, Nuoro branch, Via C. Colombo 1, 08100 Nuoro Franz Starlinger Forstliche Bundesversuchsanstalt Wien, A 1131 Vienna, Austria Silvia Stofer Eidgenössische Forschungsanstalt für Wald, Schnee und Landschaft – WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland Norman Woodley Systematic Entomology Lab-USDA , c/o Smithsonian Institution NHB-168 , O Box 37012 Washington, DC 20013-7012 CURATORI DI QUESTO NUMERO – Editors Marco Ferretti, Bruno Petriccione, Gianfranco Fabbio, Filippo Bussotti EDITORE – Publisher C.R.A. - Istituto Sperimentale per la Selvicoltura Viale Santa Margherita, 80 – 52100 Arezzo Tel.. ++39 0575 353021; Fax. ++39 0575 353490; E-mail:[email protected] Volume 30, Supplemento 2 - 2006 LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS C.R.A.A - ISTITUTO N SPERIMENTALE N A PER LA LSELVICOLTURA I (in alphabetic order) Allegrini, M. C. -
A Review of the Status of Larger Brachycera Flies of Great Britain
Natural England Commissioned Report NECR192 A review of the status of Larger Brachycera flies of Great Britain Acroceridae, Asilidae, Athericidae Bombyliidae, Rhagionidae, Scenopinidae, Stratiomyidae, Tabanidae, Therevidae, Xylomyidae. Species Status No.29 First published 30th August 2017 www.gov.uk/natural -england Foreword Natural England commission a range of reports from external contractors to provide evidence and advice to assist us in delivering our duties. The views in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of Natural England. Background Making good decisions to conserve species This report should be cited as: should primarily be based upon an objective process of determining the degree of threat to DRAKE, C.M. 2017. A review of the status of the survival of a species. The recognised Larger Brachycera flies of Great Britain - international approach to undertaking this is by Species Status No.29. Natural England assigning the species to one of the IUCN threat Commissioned Reports, Number192. categories. This report was commissioned to update the threat status of Larger Brachycera flies last undertaken in 1991, using a more modern IUCN methodology for assessing threat. Reviews for other invertebrate groups will follow. Natural England Project Manager - David Heaver, Senior Invertebrate Specialist [email protected] Contractor - C.M Drake Keywords - Larger Brachycera flies, invertebrates, red list, IUCN, status reviews, IUCN threat categories, GB rarity status Further information This report can be downloaded from the Natural England website: www.gov.uk/government/organisations/natural-england. For information on Natural England publications contact the Natural England Enquiry Service on 0300 060 3900 or e-mail [email protected]. -
Fungi: Identification
CHAPTER V- 1 Fungi: Identification RICHARD A. HUMBER USDA-ARS Plant Protection Research Unit, US Plant, Soil & Nutrition Laboratory, Tower Road, Ithaca, New York 14853-2901, USA a detailed guide to the diagnostic characters of many 1 INTRODUCTION important fungal entomopathogens. This chapter also discusses the preparation of Most scientists who find and try to identify ento- mounts for microscopic examination. Similar points mopathogenic fungi have little mycological back- are covered in other chapters, but good slide mounts ground. This chapter presents the basic skills and and simple issues of microscopy are indispensable information needed to allow non-mycologists to skills for facilitating the observation of key taxo- identify the major genera and, in some instances, nomic characters. Many publications discuss the most common species of fungal entomopathogens to principles of microscopy, but a manual by Smith the genetic or, in many instances, to the specific level (1994) is easy to understand and notable for its many with a degree of confidence. micrographs showing the practical effects of the Although many major species of fungal ento- proper and improper use of a light microscope. mopathogens have basic diagnostic characters mak- The recording of images presents a wholly new set ing them quickly identifiable, it must be remembered of options and challenges in increasingly computer- that species such as Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) ized laboratories. Until this century, the only visual Vuill., Metarhizium anisopliae (Sorok.) Metsch, and means to record microscopic observations was with Verticillium lecanii (Zimm.) Vi6gas are widely drawings; such artwork, whether rendered freehand agreed to be species complexes whose resolutions or with the aid of a camera lucida, still remains an will depend on correlating molecular, morphologi- important means of illustrating many characters. -
A New Species of <I>Conidiobolus</I> (<I>Ancylistaceae</I>) from Anhui, China
ISSN (print) 0093-4666 © 2012. Mycotaxon, Ltd. ISSN (online) 2154-8889 MYCOTAXON http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/120.427 Volume 120, pp. 427–435 April–June 2012 A new species of Conidiobolus (Ancylistaceae) from Anhui, China Yong Nie1, Cui-Zhu Yu1, Xiao-Yong Liu2* & Bo Huang1* 1Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Control, Anhui Agricultural University, West Changjiang Road 130, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China 2State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China * Correspondence to: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract —Conidiobolus sinensis was isolated from plant detritus in Huoshan, Anhui Province, eastern China. It produces primary conidiophores from cushion mycelium, which is distinct from all other species in the genus except C. stromoideus and C. lichenicola. Morphologically C. sinensis differs from C. stromoideus in the shape of the mycelia at the colony edge and conidiophore length and from C. lichenicola by colony color and mycelial form. A phylogram based on partial 28S rDNA and EF-1α sequences from 14 Conidiobolus species shows C. sinensis most closely related to C. stromoideus, forming a clade of sister taxa with a 100% bootstrap. DNA similarity levels between these two species were 94% (28S rDNA) and 96% (EF-1α). Based on the morphological and molecular evidence, C. sinensis is considered a new species. Key words —Entomophthorales, hyphal knots, taxonomy Introduction Species belonging to Conidiobolus can be easily isolated from soil, decaying leaf litter, rotten vegetables and some dead insects, although the type of the genus, C. utriculosus Bref., was first isolated from the decaying fleshy fruitbodies of Exidia and Hirneola.