DOCSLIB.ORG

Detrital Thermochronology to Constrain Meso-Cenozoic Intramontane Basin Evolution in the Northern Tien Shan (Central Asia)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Detrital Thermochronology to Constrain Meso-Cenozoic Intramontane Basin Evolution in the Northern Tien Shan (Central Asia) FACULTY OF SCIENCES Master of Science in geology Coupling basement and detrital thermochronology to constrain Meso-Cenozoic intramontane basin evolution in the northern Tien Shan (Central Asia) Simon Nachtergaele Academic year 2015–2016 Master’s dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Science in Geology Promotor: Prof. Dr. Johan De Grave Tutor: Elien De Pelsmaeker Jury: Prof. Dr. Marc De Batist, Dr. Damien Delvaux “Not everything that counts can be counted, and not everything that can be counted counts.“ (Albert Einstein) Acknowledgements First of all I want to thank my thesis promoter Prof. Dr. Johan De Grave for the creation of this thesis subject and giving me the possibility to join the team on the Kyrgyz field. He also corrected my strange grammar constructions and last but not least for the time that he invested in me, while he was very busy with teaching and research. Research on geochronology is time-consuming and the interpretation of geochronological data is often complex. I experienced geochronology in Central-Asia as a challenging and therefore attractive research subject. The next person that I want to thank is research assistant Elien De Pelsmaeker. Despite the heavy teaching load, she always was available for answering my questions. She also calmed me down when a lot of samples appeared to be worthless in november/december 2015. Also during the ‘zircon U/Pb disappointment’, we stayed calm and decided to focuse more on apatite fission track analysis. Our team work in the Tien Shan mountains during the summer of 2015 was an unforgettable experience. I am very grateful to Ann-Eline Debeer because she helped me out when ±10 AFT samples appeared to be not useful. Thank you for doing the separations of the ‘KB’ basement samples of the 2015 field campaign. Jan Jurceka is also thanked for making the thin-sections. The next person I want to thank is Dr. Fedor Zhimulev. He was of great help during the field work and is a great field geologist in my opinion. His translations of Russian literature about the Kyrgyz Tien Shan were of great value. The discussions about AFT, sedimentology and the activity of the Talas Fergana Fault were interesting. Prof. Dr. Marc Jolivet also was also an important member of the field work team. I am very grateful for the sedimentary logs that I received from him. It is also because of him that we could have a workshop on thermochronological modelling with QTQt. This workshop was given by Dr. Kerry Gallagher and he succeeded to bring an attractive and interesting workshop about Bayesian statistics. During the field work, Vlad and Elena Batalev perfectly assisted us in the remote mountains of Kyrgyzstan. Driver Vladimir is also a thanked for the stories about the hidden treasures on the bottom of the Issyk Kul Lake and especially for his great driving skills. Prof. Dr. Stijn Glorie did apatite fission track analysis on a few samples in Kyrgyzstan and I am grateful that I can publish his results in this thesis. Gerben Van Ranst is also thanked for answering my questions on Adobe Illustrator. The discussions on geochronology and sample preparation were fruitful. I The other professors and assistants deserve a lot of respect, because I really enjoyed the lessons and practicals. The nice atmosphere among students and staff members keeps the students motivated. The field trips to the Alps, the Boulonnais region and many other regions were the most instructive days in which we learned a lot. My girlfriend Ama always supported me – in easy and difficult days – during these five year. Even though she was volunteering in Nicaragua for a half of a year, I had the feeling that she was close to me. Last but not least, my family (especially my mom) deserves to be thanked for supporting me and paying my studies. Not every boy of 18 years gets the opportunity to study for five years. Спасибо за кумыса Simon Nachtergaele 30/05/2016 II TABLE OF CONTENT ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 1: THE APATITE FISSION TRACK METHOD 3 1.1 Fission tracks: definition and formation 3 1.2 Fission track revelation and identification 4 1.3 Principles of the apatite fission track method 4 1.3.1 Thermal neutron fluence 5 1.3.2 The fundamental age equation 6 1.4 Calibration with age standards (zeta-calibration) 6 1.4.1 Age standards 7 1.5 The thermal stability of fission tracks 8 1.5.1 Kinetic parameters influencing annealing behaviour 8 1.6 Fission tracks and thermochronology 9 1.6.1 Track length distribution and its geological significance 9 1.6.2 Closure temperature, cooling ages and the apatite partial annealing zone 10 1.7 Geological interpretation of apatite fission track age data 12 1.7.1 Cooling rate 12 1.7.2 Denudation, exhumation and uplift 12 1.7.3 Horizontal and vertical sampling profiles 12 1.8 Multi-method approach: AFT and zircon (U-Th)/He 13 1.9 Thermochronological modelling 14 1.9.1 Introduction to QTQt 15 1.9.2 Modelling with QTQt 16 1.9.3 RadialPlotter and DensityPlotter 19 CHAPTER 2: DETRITAL THERMOCHRONOLOGY 21 2.1 Introduction to detrital thermochronology 21 2.2 Erosion and sediment generation estimations 24 2.2.1 Quantification of erosion rates with thermochronology 25 2.3 Thermal maturity estimation 28 2.3.1 Thermal maturity estimations in sedimentary basins based on organic material 28 2.3.2 Thermal maturity estimations in sedimentary basins based on low-temperature thermochronology 28 CHAPTER 3: FROM SAMPLING TO AFT ANALYSIS 30 3.1 Report of field work 30 3.2 AFT sample preparation 31 3.2.1 Heavy mineral separation 31 3.2.2 Heavy mineral selection 31 3.2.3 Mounting procedure 32 3.2.4 Irradiation at nuclear reactor BR1 33 3.3 Zeta-factor age calibration 34 3.3.1 AFT counting procedure 34 3.3.2 AFT length measurements 35 3.3.3 AFT-analysis: calibration by glass dosimeters 35 3.3.4 AFT-analysis: calibration by age standards 37 III CHAPTER 4: GEOLOGICAL CONTEXT 38 4.1 Introduction to the Central Asian Orogenic Belt 38 4.2 Precambrian and Palaeozoic evolution of the CAOB 38 4.2.1 Precambrian geodynamical evolution 38 4.2.2 Palaeozoic evolution: assembly of the Kyrgyz Tien Shan 39 4.3 Mesozoic evolution 42 4.3.1 Late Triassic – Early Jurassic event 43 4.3.2 Middle-Jurassic peneplanation 44 4.3.3 Late-Jurassic – Cretaceous cooling 44 4.3.3.1 A short note on AFT ages in fault zones 47 4.3.4 Mesozoic intramontane basins in the Kyrgyz Tien Shan 49 4.3.4.1 East of TFF: Kavak and Issyk Kul basin 50 4.3.4.2 West of the TFF: Tash Kumyr 51 4.3.4.3 West of the TFF: East Fergana basin 52 4.4 Mesozoic volcanism in the Tien Shan region 54 4.4.1 Early-Jurassic volcanism 54 4.4.2 Mantle plume activity in the CAOB? 54 4.5 Cenozoic evolution 57 4.6 Evolution of the Talas-Fergana Fault (TFF) 59 4.6.1 Late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic activity 59 4.6.2 Cenozoic reactivation 60 4.7 Jurassic and Cretaceous climate 61 CHAPTER 5: RESULTS 62 5.1 Sample overview 62 5.2 Sedimentary logs 64 5.2.1 Paleosol occurence 66 5.3 Apatite fission track (AFT) data on basement rocks 67 5.3.1 Track length measurements 69 5.3.2 Thermal history modelling results with QTQt 72 5.4 AFT data on detrital rocks 76 5.4.1 Track length distributions 80 5.5 Zircon(U-Th)/He data 83 CHAPTER 6: DISCUSSION 85 6.1 Basement AFT and zircon (U-Th)/He data 85 6.1.1 Thermal history model compilation 87 6.1.2 Mesozoic basement cooling in the NTS 88 6.1.3 Mesozoic activity of the TFF based on basement AFT and zircon (U-Th)/He data 90 6.2 Detrital apatite fission track thermochronology 91 6.2.1 East Fergana basin samples (west of TFF) 91 6.2.1.1 KS13-22 91 6.2.1.2 KS 13-19 and KS 13-20 91 6.2.2 Lower-Jurassic samples of Minkush (east of TFF) 92 6.2.3 Issyk Kul sections (east of TFF) 93 6.2.3.1 SK 46 93 6.2.3.2 SK 47 94 6.2.3.3 KS 136, KS 137, KS 138 and KS 139 95 6.3 Geodynamic events and thermochronology in the Kyrgyz Tien Shan 96 IV CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSION 99 REFERENCES I APPENDICES: XIII A. Geological Map of Central Asia and Adjacent areas (version 2008): xiii B. International Chronostratigraphic chart (version 2016) xv C. Complete AFT dataset of basement samples of the Kyrgyz Tien Shan xvi V Introduction The 2000km long Talas-Fergana fault (TFF) represents the largest strike-slip fault in Central Asia. The TFF is mainly located in Kyrgyzstan and divides the country in two distinct domains that are displaced over a large distance. The TFF is one of the ancient Palaeozoic inherited faults of the ancestral Tien Shan mountain belt that is reactivated today and makes of Kyrgyzstan one of the most mountainous countries in the world. The Tien Shan has mountain peaks up to 7400m and is located in the countries of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and China. It represents an ideal study area for intracontinental deformation in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). Tectonic movements of the TFF are recorded as early as the Late Palaeozoic, continued during the Mesozoic and are reactivated in the Late Cenozoic (Bande et al., 2015) as response to ongoing India-Eurasian convergence.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Water Resources Lifeblood of the Region
    Water Resources Lifeblood of the Region 68 Central Asia Atlas of Natural Resources ater has long been the fundamental helped the region flourish; on the other, water, concern of Central Asia’s air, land, and biodiversity have been degraded. peoples. Few parts of the region are naturally water endowed, In this chapter, major river basins, inland seas, Wand it is unevenly distributed geographically. lakes, and reservoirs of Central Asia are presented. This scarcity has caused people to adapt in both The substantial economic and ecological benefits positive and negative ways. Vast power projects they provide are described, along with the threats and irrigation schemes have diverted most of facing them—and consequently the threats the water flow, transforming terrain, ecology, facing the economies and ecology of the country and even climate. On the one hand, powerful themselves—as a result of human activities. electrical grids and rich agricultural areas have The Amu Darya River in Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan, with a canal (left) taking water to irrigate cotton fields.Upper right: Irrigation lifeline, Dostyk main canal in Makktaaral Rayon in South Kasakhstan Oblast, Kazakhstan. Lower right: The Charyn River in the Balkhash Lake basin, Kazakhstan. Water Resources 69 55°0'E 75°0'E 70 1:10 000 000 Central AsiaAtlas ofNaturalResources Major River Basins in Central Asia 200100 0 200 N Kilometers RUSSIAN FEDERATION 50°0'N Irty sh im 50°0'N Ish ASTANA N ura a b m Lake Zaisan E U r a KAZAKHSTAN l u s y r a S Lake Balkhash PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC Ili OF CHINA Chui Aral Sea National capital 1 International boundary S y r D a r Rivers and canals y a River basins Lake Caspian Sea BISHKEK Issyk-Kul Amu Darya UZBEKISTAN Balkhash-Alakol 40°0'N ryn KYRGYZ Na Ob-Irtysh TASHKENT REPUBLIC Syr Darya 40°0'N Ural 1 Chui-Talas AZERBAIJAN 2 Zarafshan TURKMENISTAN 2 Boundaries are not necessarily authoritative.
    [Show full text]
  • Roll of Successful Examinees in the CRIMINOLOGIST LICENSURE EXAMINATION Held on SEPTEMBER 21, 2009 & FF
    Roll of Successful Examinees in the CRIMINOLOGIST LICENSURE EXAMINATION Held on SEPTEMBER 21, 2009 & FF. DAYS Page: 2 of 102 Released on OCTOBER 6, 2009 Seq. No. N a m e 1 ABACA, DARWIN MANLAVI 2 ABACSA, DONA PANOPIO 3 ABAD, ANACLETO ACASIO 4 ABAD, DIRIELYN PADRIQUE 5 ABAD, FREDERICK EDROSO 6 ABAD, JASMIN PANER 7 ABAD, JOHN JAYSON VILLAS 8 ABAD, RAYMUND MANGULTONG 9 ABADESA, GARRY ARIAS 10 ABALOS, ROLLY JESON TAN 11 ABAN, EMMANUEL OPEMA 12 ABANA, DIVINA CABIT 13 ABANCO, ELMER JR FRANCISCO 14 ABANES, ANTONIO SALAZAR 15 ABANES, MARY JOY SERRADA 16 ABAO, JOHN MICHAEL FAJARDO 17 ABAO, JUNE NIL SALVADOR 18 ABARQUEZ, EDITH DE GUZMAN 19 ABAS, JOHN REY SACLAO 20 ABASTILLAS, ARLEN TOLENTINO 21 ABAT, MARK LESTER SANGALANG 22 ABAYA, HELBERT BUQUING 23 ABAÑO, JAY ESCOLANO 24 ABDULCARIL, NORIE JANE QUIROZ 25 ABDULLA, IDRIS DEXTER LOY MATURAN 26 ABDURAHIM, NASRI WAHAB 27 ABEL, HELEN LAGUA 28 ABEL, NATANIEL REGONDOLA 29 ABELARDE, JAQUELINE DELARMINO 30 ABELARDE, MANILYN REPEDRO 31 ABELITA, JENNIFER SOLIS 32 ABELLA, CRISTOPHER BICERA 33 ABELLA, ERIC TAN 34 ABELLA, EUGENIO CAIRO 35 ABELLA, FREDIERIC BERNAL 36 ABELLANA, FEL TIROL 37 ABELLANA, HERNANI JR ESTIPONA 38 ABELLANA, JESS NIÑO BORRA 39 ABELLANOSA, JEFFREY ABRAGAN 40 ABENA, JONNEL ARELLANO 41 ABENDANIO, VON DAREN ALUZAN 42 ABENDAÑO, RYAN BERGONIO 43 ABENES, ANDRE GREGORIO SABADO 44 ABES, ELIZABETH MAZO 45 ABIAD, FRANCIS JOYMER RODRIGUEZ 46 ABIDAL, ADRIAN ADUSAN 47 ABIQUE, ANGELITO ABRINA 48 ABIQUE, MORELIO JR CABALLERO 49 ABIVA, VICTOR SULQUIANO 50 ABLASA, ELFRED MAYAMNES Roll of Successful Examinees in the CRIMINOLOGIST LICENSURE EXAMINATION Held on SEPTEMBER 21, 2009 & FF.
    [Show full text]
  • Volunteer Camps in Kazakhstan in 2018
    VOLUNTEER CAMPS IN KAZAKHSTAN IN 2018 During the summer and autumn of 2018, the Laboratory of Geoarchaeology (Faculty of History, Archeology and Ethnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University) is organizing archaeological investigations covering all periods from Palaeolithic to Modern times all over Kazakhstan. The programme of work consists mainly in mapping, documenting and collecting paleodata for analyses. Open-air lectures in the history, archaeology and paleoenvironment of Central Asia are included. Sessions will take place between June and October 2018 and are 15 days in duration. Volunteers and students of archaeology are welcome to join us. The participation fee is EU250 (or 300USD) per week and academic credit is given by the Kazakh National University. Interested volunteers and students of archaeology should contact the LGA to ask for full details on the various survey and excavation opportunities on offer. Renewed information is also available on the Laboratory of Geoarchaeology web site: http://www.lgakz.org/VolunteerCamps/Volunteer.html Or you can check the updated announcement of our volunteer camps on the Fieldwork webpage of the Archaeological Institute of America There will be 4 expeditions occurring from June 1, 2018 - October 31, 2018 1) Chu-Ili mountains (Petroglyphs documentation): 15 June-5 July; 7-22 August 2) Botai region (Geoarchaeological study): 14-31 July 3) Syrdarya delta (Geoarchaeological study): 8-30 September 4) North Balkhash lake region (Geoarchaeological study): 8-22 October Application Deadline:
    [Show full text]
  • DRAINAGE BASINS of the WHITE SEA, BARENTS SEA and KARA SEA Chapter 1
    38 DRAINAGE BASINS OF THE WHITE SEA, BARENTS SEA AND KARA SEA Chapter 1 WHITE SEA, BARENTS SEA AND KARA SEA 39 41 OULANKA RIVER BASIN 42 TULOMA RIVER BASIN 44 JAKOBSELV RIVER BASIN 44 PAATSJOKI RIVER BASIN 45 LAKE INARI 47 NÄATAMÖ RIVER BASIN 47 TENO RIVER BASIN 49 YENISEY RIVER BASIN 51 OB RIVER BASIN Chapter 1 40 WHITE SEA, BARENT SEA AND KARA SEA This chapter deals with major transboundary rivers discharging into the White Sea, the Barents Sea and the Kara Sea and their major transboundary tributaries. It also includes lakes located within the basins of these seas. TRANSBOUNDARY WATERS IN THE BASINS OF THE BARENTS SEA, THE WHITE SEA AND THE KARA SEA Basin/sub-basin(s) Total area (km2) Recipient Riparian countries Lakes in the basin Oulanka …1 White Sea FI, RU … Kola Fjord > Tuloma 21,140 FI, RU … Barents Sea Jacobselv 400 Barents Sea NO, RU … Paatsjoki 18,403 Barents Sea FI, NO, RU Lake Inari Näätämö 2,962 Barents Sea FI, NO, RU … Teno 16,386 Barents Sea FI, NO … Yenisey 2,580,000 Kara Sea MN, RU … Lake Baikal > - Selenga 447,000 Angara > Yenisey > MN, RU Kara Sea Ob 2,972,493 Kara Sea CN, KZ, MN, RU - Irtysh 1,643,000 Ob CN, KZ, MN, RU - Tobol 426,000 Irtysh KZ, RU - Ishim 176,000 Irtysh KZ, RU 1 5,566 km2 to Lake Paanajärvi and 18,800 km2 to the White Sea. Chapter 1 WHITE SEA, BARENTS SEA AND KARA SEA 41 OULANKA RIVER BASIN1 Finland (upstream country) and the Russian Federation (downstream country) share the basin of the Oulanka River.
    [Show full text]
  • Central Asian Rivers Under Climate Change: Impacts Assessment in Eight Representative Catchments
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Didovets, Iulii et al. Article — Published Version Central Asian rivers under climate change: Impacts assessment in eight representative catchments Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies Provided in Cooperation with: Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO), Halle (Saale) Suggested Citation: Didovets, Iulii et al. (2021) : Central Asian rivers under climate change: Impacts assessment in eight representative catchments, Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, ISSN 2214-5818, Elsevier, Amsterdam, Vol. 34, Iss. (Article No.:) 100779, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2021.100779 This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/229441 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur
    [Show full text]
  • Natural Recreation Potential of the West Kazakhstan Region of the Republic of Kazakhstan
    GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites Year XIII, vol. 32, no. 4, 2020, p.1355-1361 ISSN 2065-1198, E-ISSN 2065-0817 DOI 10.30892/gtg.32424-580 NATURAL RECREATION POTENTIAL OF THE WEST KAZAKHSTAN REGION OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN Bibigul CHASHINA L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Satpayev Str., 2, 010008 Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan, e-mail: [email protected] Nurgul RAMAZANOVA L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Satpayev Str., 2, 010008 Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan, e-mail: [email protected] Emin ATASOY Bursa Uludag University, 6059, Gorukle, Bursa, Turkye, e-mail: [email protected] Zharas BERDENOV* L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Satpayev Str., 2, 010008 Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan, e-mail: [email protected] Dorina Camelia ILIEȘ University of Oradea, Faculty of Geography, Tourism and Sport, Department of Geography, Tourism and Territorial Planning, Oradea, Romania, e-mail: [email protected] Citation: Chashina, B., Ramazanova, N., Atasoy, E., Berdenov, Zh., & Ilieș, D.C. (2020). NATURAL RECREATION POTENTIAL OF THE WEST KAZAKHSTAN REGION OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN. GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, 32(4), 1355–1361. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.32424-580 Abstract: This article is an attempt to assess the natural and recreational potential of the West Kazakhstan region. This technique consists of different stages: assessment of the territory concerning the recreational potential, according to the physical and geographi cal conditions; determination of administrative districts (units) within each of the recreational development zones; inventory of specially protected natural areas.The main criterion for the quantitative assessment was the presence of specially protected natural areas, their number and occupied area.
    [Show full text]
  • Bronze Age Human Communities in the Southern Urals Steppe: Sintashta-Petrovka Social and Subsistence Organization
    BRONZE AGE HUMAN COMMUNITIES IN THE SOUTHERN URALS STEPPE: SINTASHTA-PETROVKA SOCIAL AND SUBSISTENCE ORGANIZATION by Igor V. Chechushkov B.A. (History), South Ural State University, 2005 Candidate of Sciences (History), Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2013 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2018 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH KENNETH P. DIETRICH SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SCIENCES This dissertation was presented by Igor V. Chechushkov It was defended on April 4, 2018 and approved by Dr. Francis Allard, Professor, Department of Anthropology, Indiana University of Pennsylvania Dr. Loukas Barton, Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of Pittsburgh Dr. Marc Bermann, Associate Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of Pittsburgh Dissertation Advisor: Dr. Robert D. Drennan, Distinguished Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of Pittsburgh ii Copyright © by Igor V. Chechushkov 2018 iii BRONZE AGE HUMAN COMMUNITIES IN THE SOUTHERN URALS STEPPE: SINTASHTA-PETROVKA SOCIAL AND SUBSISTENCE ORGANIZATION Igor V. Chechushkov, Ph.D. University of Pittsburgh, 2018 Why and how exactly social complexity develops through time from small-scale groups to the level of large and complex institutions is an essential social science question. Through studying the Late Bronze Age Sintashta-Petrovka chiefdoms of the southern Urals (cal. 2050–1750 BC), this research aims to contribute to an understanding of variation in the organization of local com- munities in chiefdoms. It set out to document a segment of the Sintashta-Petrovka population not previously recognized in the archaeological record and learn about how this segment of the population related to the rest of the society.
    [Show full text]
  • The Caspian Sea Encyclopedia
    Encyclopedia of Seas The Caspian Sea Encyclopedia Bearbeitet von Igor S. Zonn, Aleksey N Kosarev, Michael H. Glantz, Andrey G. Kostianoy 1. Auflage 2010. Buch. xi, 525 S. Hardcover ISBN 978 3 642 11523 3 Format (B x L): 17,8 x 25,4 cm Gewicht: 967 g Weitere Fachgebiete > Geologie, Geographie, Klima, Umwelt > Anthropogeographie > Regionalgeographie Zu Inhaltsverzeichnis schnell und portofrei erhältlich bei Die Online-Fachbuchhandlung beck-shop.de ist spezialisiert auf Fachbücher, insbesondere Recht, Steuern und Wirtschaft. Im Sortiment finden Sie alle Medien (Bücher, Zeitschriften, CDs, eBooks, etc.) aller Verlage. Ergänzt wird das Programm durch Services wie Neuerscheinungsdienst oder Zusammenstellungen von Büchern zu Sonderpreisen. Der Shop führt mehr als 8 Millionen Produkte. B Babol – a city located 25 km from the Caspian Sea on the east–west road connecting the coastal provinces of Gilan and Mazandaran. Founded in the sixteenth century, it was once a heavy-duty river port. Since the early nineteenth century, it has been one of the major cities in the province. Ruins of some ancient buildings are found here. Food and cotton ginning factories are also located here. The population is over 283 thou as of 2006. Babol – a river flowing into the Caspian Sea near Babolsar. It originates in the Savadhuk Mountains and is one of the major rivers in Iran. Its watershed is 1,630 km2, its length is 78 km, and its width is about 50–60 m at its mouth down to 100 m upstream. Its average discharge is 16 m3/s. The river receives abundant water from snowmelt and rainfall.
    [Show full text]
  • The Pragma Corporation TRADE and INVESTMENT PROJECT in CENTRAL ASIA
    The Pragma Corporation TRADE AND INVESTMENT PROJECT IN CENTRAL ASIA FIFTH QUARTERLY REPORT FOR THE PERIOD: September 1 through November 30, 2002 For the U.S. AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT Contract No. 116-C-00-01-00015-00 GENERAL INFORMATION COTR USAID/CAR Mark Urban PROJECT MANAGER Mohammad Fatoorechie CHIEF OF PARTY Paul Pieper Table of Contents I. SUMMARY OF GENERAL DEVELOPMENTS 3 II. ADMINISTRATIVE ISSUES AND HOME OFFICE SUPPORT 5 III. CUSTOMS COMPONENT 6 “SAFE SEARCH SEMINAR – CLOSEDOWN REPORT” 17 IV. WTO COMPONENT 32 “MAS-Q REPORT – NOVEMBER 2002” BY ED NEMEROFF 42 V. REMOVAL OF INVESTMENT CONSTRAINTS COMPONENT 47 2 The Pragma Corporation USAID Trade and Investment Project In Central Asia Summary and Administrative Sections Quarterly Report September 1 through November 30, 2002 I. Summary of General Developments This quarterly report summarizes the activities of the USAID/Pragma Trade and Investment Project (TIP) during the past quarter. At the conclusion of the current quarter, TIP has completed 18 months of the two-year contract base period. The Pragma Corporation was authorized to begin work on TIP as of June 1, 2001. The contract between the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and the Pragma Corporation was finalized and signed in mid-July, 2001. The TIP was designed so that different components would be phased in gradually over a period of several months. The initial phase began on June 1, 2001. The Customs Component in Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan was phased in from the predecessor project beginning on July 1, 2001. The World Trade Organization (WTO) Component began to be phased in August in Kyrgyzstan.
    [Show full text]
  • Statistical Forecast of Seasonal Discharge in Central Asia Using
    Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 2225–2254, 2018 https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-2225-2018 © Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Statistical forecast of seasonal discharge in Central Asia using observational records: development of a generic linear modelling tool for operational water resource management Heiko Apel1, Zharkinay Abdykerimova2, Marina Agalhanova3, Azamat Baimaganbetov4, Nadejda Gavrilenko5, Lars Gerlitz1, Olga Kalashnikova6, Katy Unger-Shayesteh1, Sergiy Vorogushyn1, and Abror Gafurov1 1GFZ German Research Centre for Geoscience, Section 5.4 Hydrology, Potsdam, Germany 2Hydro-Meteorological Service of Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan 3Hydro-Meteorological Service of Turkmenistan, Ashgabat, Turkmenistan 4Hydro-Meteorological Service of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Kazakhstan 5Hydro-Meteorological Service of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan 6CAIAG Central Asian Institute for Applied Geoscience, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan Correspondence: Heiko Apel ([email protected]) Received: 15 June 2017 – Discussion started: 21 June 2017 Revised: 13 February 2018 – Accepted: 27 February 2018 – Published: 11 April 2018 Abstract. The semi-arid regions of Central Asia crucially els are derived based on these predictors as linear combi- depend on the water resources supplied by the mountain- nations of up to four predictors. A user-selectable number ous areas of the Tien Shan and Pamir and Altai moun- of the best models is extracted automatically by the devel- tains. During the summer months the snow-melt- and glacier- oped model fitting algorithm, which includes a test for ro- melt-dominated river discharge originating in the moun- bustness by a leave-one-out cross-validation. Based on the tains provides the main water resource available for agricul- cross-validation the predictive uncertainty was quantified for tural production, but also for storage in reservoirs for en- every prediction model.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Conflict and Cooperation in Central Asia
    Human Development Report 2006 Human Development Report Office OCCASIONAL PAPER Water Conflict and Cooperation in Central Asia Erika Weinthal 2006/32 2 Water Conflict and Cooperation in Central Asia Prepared as Background Paper for the UN Human Development Report 2006 By Erika Weinthal Associate Professor of Environmental Policy Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Duke University ([email protected]) The numerous rivers that meander through Central Asia’s rugged terrain of mountains, steppe and desert have for centuries shaped its socio-political and economic landscape. As different rulers have sought to demarcate political borders and establish varied systems of governance, water continues to link the diverse populations that now inhabit the newly independent Central Asian states of the former Soviet Union -- Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.1 Water also physically connects the Soviet successor states with their neighbors to the South, East and North. The Amu Darya or what once was referred to as the Oxus provides a vivid illustration. After originating in the mountains of northern Afghanistan and Tajikistan, the Amu Darya traverses the territory of Tajikistan before flowing downstream through Khorazm province in Uzbekistan and Dashhowuz province in Turkmenistan on its long journey toward the autonomous republic of Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan before ultimately emptying into the Aral Sea. Historically, the intersection of rivers in Central Asia, such as the point where the Surkhan Darya
    [Show full text]
  • Of Key Sites for the Siberian Crane and Other Waterbirds in Western/Central ASIA of Keysitesforthesiberian Crane Ndotherwterbirds in Western/Centralasi Atlas
    A SI L A L A ATLAS OF KEY SITES FOR THE SIBERIAN CRANE AND OTHER WATERBIRDS IN WESTERN/CENTRAL ASIA TERBIRDS IN WESTERN/CENTR TERBIRDS IN A ND OTHER W ND OTHER A NE A N CR A IBERI S S OF KEY SITES FOR THE SITES FOR KEY S OF A ATL Citation: Ilyashenko, E.I., ed., 2010. Atlas of Key Sites for the Siberian Crane and Other Waterbirds in Western/Central Asia. International Crane Foundation, Baraboo, Wisconsin, USA. 116 p. Editor and compiler: Elena Ilyashenko Editorial Board: Crawford Prentice & Sara Gavney Moore Cartographers: Alexander Aleinikov, Mikhail Stishov English editor: Julie Oesper Layout: Elena Ilyashenko Atlas for the Siberian Crane and Other Waterbirds in Western/Central Asia ATLAS OF THE SIBERIAN CRANE SITES IN WESTERN/CENTRAL ASIA Elena I. Ilyashenko (editor) International Crane Foundation, Baraboo, Wisconsin, USA 2010 1 Atlas for the Siberian Crane and Other Waterbirds in Western/Central Asia Contents Foreword from the International Crane Foundation George Archibald ..................................... 3 Foreword from the Convention on Migratory Species Douglas Hykle........................................ 4 Introduction Elena Ilyashenko........................................................................................ 5 Western/Central Asian Flyway Breeding Grounds Russia....................................................................................................................... 9 Central Asian Flock 1. Kunovat Alexander Sorokin & Anastasia Shilina .............................................................
    [Show full text]