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Biscayne Bay Commercial Pink Shrimp, Farfantepenaeus Duorarum, Fisheries, 1986–2005

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Biscayne Bay Commercial Pink Shrimp, Farfantepenaeus Duorarum, Fisheries, 1986–2005 Biscayne Bay Commercial Pink Shrimp, Farfantepenaeus duorarum, Fisheries, 1986–2005 DARLENE R. JOHNSON, JOAN A. BROWDER, PAMELA BROWN-EYO, and MICHAEL B. ROBBLEE Introduction brown shrimp F. aztecus. The average shrimp species caught in Biscayne Bay annual Florida shrimp catch for the (Tabb and Kenny, 1968; Campos and Shrimp are Florida’s most valuable 3 and popular seafood (IFAS1). Three period from 2000 to 2010 was more than Berkeley, 2003; Berkeley et al. ). The 20 million pounds (9,072 kg) and was spotted pink shrimp, F. brasiliensis, commercially important species of 1 penaeid shrimp occur on both Florida worth $40 million at the dock (IFAS ). also occurs in the bay (Criales et al., Total annual landings of pink shrimp on 2000), but it appears inconsequential coasts: white, Litopenaeus setiferus; 4 pink, Farfantepenaeus. duorarum; and the west Florida coast greatly outweigh in trawl catches (Browder et al. ) and those on the east coast; however, Miami- is not reported separately in landings 1 IFAS, University of Florida. Wild vs. farmed Dade County is the only county on the data. Biscayne Bay pink shrimp fisher- shrimp: the choice is yours. Fact sheet. 3 p. east coast having pink shrimp landings ies provide only a small component of Available online at http://collier.ifas.ufl.edu/Sea- Grant/pubs/Shrimp%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf. greater than 10,000 pounds (4,536 kg) Florida’s overall pink shrimp landings (FFWCC2). and ex-vessel value; however, both Here we describe the pink shrimp bait and food shrimp are commercially Darlene R. Johnson is with the University of Miami, Cooperative Institute for Marine and fisheries of Biscayne Bay, Florida, by caught in Biscayne Bay and, together, Atmospheric Studies, Rosenstiel School of means of the landings and effort data ac- represent the bay’s most important Marine and Atmospheric Science, 4600 Ricken- backer Causeway, Miami, Florida 33149. Joan quired from dealer records and other in- fishery product. A. Browder and Pamela Brown-Eyo are with the formation in published and unpublished Biscayne Bay is a shallow subtropi- Southeast Fisheries Sciences Center, National studies. The pink shrimp is the principal cal lagoon on the southeast coast of Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, 75 Virginia Beach Drive, Miami, Florida 33149. Michael B. Florida adjacent to Miami (Fig. 1). Robblee is with the Southeast Ecological Science 2 FFWCC. 2010. Shrimp (Penaeids) Species With inclusion of Card and Barnes Center, U.S. Geological Survey, 7920 NW 71 Account. Available online at http://myfwc.com/ Sounds, it is 90 km long and connected Street, Gainesville, Florida 32653. Correspond- media/195867/penaeid_shrimps.pdf. ing author: [email protected]. to the continental shelf waters of the Atlantic Ocean through a network of tidal inlets (Criales et al., 2000). Much of south Biscayne Bay, including areas ABSTRACT— The Biscayne Bay bait shrimp greater than 19 mm CL. We com- where the fisheries operate, is within the (1986–2005) and food (1989–2005) fisher- pared monthly bait shrimp catch per unit of boundaries of Biscayne National Park ies for pink shrimp were examined using effort (CPUE) from the fishery to an esti- (BNP, Fig. 1). The bay north and south dealer-reported individual vessel-trip land- mate of shrimp density from a fishery-inde- ings data, separated by waterbody code to pendent sampling effort over a 3-yr period of the park, including Card Sound, is represent only catches from Biscayne Bay. and found a strong statistical relationship designated by the State of Florida as an Annual landings varied little during the with the density estimate lagged by 3 mo. “Aquatic Preserve.” Card Sound also is 1980’s and early 1990’s, and landings of The relationship supported the use of bait included in the Florida Keys National the bait shrimp fishery exceeded those of shrimp fishery CPUE as an index of abun- the food shrimp fishery. The number of trips dance in upcoming assessments of the effect and landings in both fisheries increased of a massive water-management-based eco- 3 Berkeley, S. A., D. Pybas, and W. L. Campos. from the late 1990’s through 2002 and system restoration project on pink shrimp 1985. Bait shrimp fishery of Biscayne Bay. Fla. food shrimp landings exceeded landings in Biscayne Bay. Project implementation Sea Grant Tech. Pap. 40, Fla. Sea Grant Col- of bait shrimp; landings in both fisheries will affect freshwater inflows to the bay and lege Prog., Gainesville. 16 p. Available online at decreased sharply in 2003. Landings in salinity patterns. An abundance index with http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00075991/00001. both fisheries increased in 2004 and 2005, a lengthy pre-implementation history that 4 Browder, J. A., M. B. Robblee, and J. Lorenz. but the increase in food shrimp landings can be carried into the operational phase 2005. Biscayne Bay coastal and nearshore was stronger. Annual catch per trip was of the restoration project will be invaluable community baseline study to develop biologi- cal performance measures. Ann. Rep. S. Fla. much lower in the bait fishery than the food in assessing project effects and protecting Water Manage. Dist. Agree. C-13401-A01. fishery. Each fishery exploited shrimp of an important fishery resource of Biscayne NMFS SEFSC, Miami, Fla., PRD-04/05-08, a different size. The bait fishery targeted Bay. The bait shrimp fishery can provide a 130 p. Available online at https://grunt.sefsc. shrimp less than 19 mm carapace length continuing index of shrimp abundance from noaa.gov/P_QryLDS/download/PRD134_PRD- (CL), whereas the food fishery caught late 1986 forward. 03_04-12.pdf?id=LDS. 28 Marine Fisheries Review Marine Sanctuary, as are Barnes Sound and Manatee Bay. An upstream water management system, the Central and Southern Florida Project, discharges fresh water into south Biscayne Bay at several locations. Changes to this system are planned as part of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP) (Browder et al., 2005; USACE and SFWMD5) and will affect the volume, timing, and spatial distribution of freshwater inflow to the bay and its salinity patterns. We propose that the 20 yr+ time series of relative shrimp abundance from the bait shrimp fishery could help evaluate the potential effect of future changes and provide a baseline against which to assess the effects of the project once implemented. Postlarval pink shrimp recruiting to Biscayne Bay are thought to originate from the Dry Tortugas population off southwest Florida and are brought to the east coast and Biscayne Bay via the Tortugas Gyre and the Florida Current (Criales et al., 2000). Migra- tion from Florida Bay to the Tortugas fishing grounds has been documented (Costello and Allen, 1966), and trans- port mechanisms for recruitment into Florida Bay have been explored (Criales and Lee, 1995; Criales et al., 2003), but no transport studies have addressed recruitment to Biscayne Bay, and a 1995 dissertation suggested that the Biscayne Bay and Tortugas pink shrimp are genetically distinguishable (von Sternberg, 1995). Biscayne Bay’s bait shrimp fishery was previously described by Siebena- Figure 1.—Biscayne Bay showing Biscayne National Park boundaries. ler (1953), Tabb and Kenny (1968), Campos and Berkeley (2003), and Berkeley et al.3 These studies predated The two commercial shrimp fisheries shrimp fishery, as summarized for our the routine collection of dealer-reported in Biscayne Bay operate under different purposes as follows. A “count” law, first landings and effort data on this fishery. sets of regulations first established in initiated in the 1950’s (FFWCC7), was EDAW Inc.6 provided an ethnological 1959 by the Florida Fish and Wildlife revised in 1992 to regulate the minimum description of the two Biscayne Bay Conservation Commission (FFWCC7). size for legally harvested food shrimp shrimp fisheries. FFWCC provides a history of Florida at 47 shrimp/lb, heads-on, or 70 tails/ regulations pertinent to the Biscayne Bay lb, heads-off (F.A.C. Rule CH 46-318). 5 USACE and SFWMD. 1999. Central and Southern Florida Project Comprehensive Review 7 Study Final Integrated Feasibility Report and 6 EDAW Inc., San Diego, Ca. 2003. Final Rep. FFWCC. 2004. Biscayne Bay wingnet shrimp. Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement. to Biscayne National Park, ethnographic over- Background document and executive summary, U.S. Army Corps Eng., Jacksonville Dist., Jack- view and assessment. 162 p. [Republ. 2006 by Sept., 2004. Fla. Fish Wildl. Conserv. Commiss., sonville, Fla., and S. Fla. Water Manage. Dist., Natl. Park Serv., SE Reg. Off. Cult. Resour. Div., 2590 Executive Center Circle East, Tallahassee, West Palm Beach, Fla. (http://www.everglades- Atlanta, Ga. (Available online at http://www.nps. Fla., 6 p. plan.org/pub/restudy_eis.aspx) gov/ethnography/research/docs/bisc_ethno.pdf). 8 F.A.C. refers to Florida Administrative Code. 74(4) 29 The count law was terminated in 2 trawl was designed to minimize con- ated saltwater tanks. Markets for the Dec. 1999 and replaced with a seasonal tact with the bottom or vegetation, thus shrimp are bait and tackle stores that closure, limiting the wing-net fishery to reducing damage to the root structure range from Key West to well north of 15 Oct.–15 May, and a Saturday harvest of seagrasses. Based on the analyses of Miami, and stores may buy from more restriction, prohibiting fishing from 22 shrimp-boat tows, they reported that than one fishing operation to hedge 6:00 am Saturday to 6:00 am Sunday the average composition of the catch against decreased performance from any (to minimize interactions with the rec- was 82% invertebrates, 9% fish, and 9% one operation (EDAW Inc.6). reational shrimp fishery) (F.A.C. Rule plant material. A later study estimated Joyce and Eldred (1966), as cited in CH 68B-31). The same rule designated that the roller-frame trawls of the bait Tabb and Kenny (1968), reported that shrimp as a “restricted species” state- shrimp fishery together swept the entire annual Miami–Dade County bait shrimp wide, effective 1 Jan.
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