ZSL Conservation Review CONSERVATION REVIEW 2013 2013

The Zoological Society of London Registered Charity in England and Wales: no 208728 zsl.org

Regent’s Park London NW1 4RY and at:

ZSL Whipsnade Zoo Dunstable Bedfordshire LU6 2LF

For a closer look at ZSL’s work, look out for our other annual publications at zsl.org/about-us/annual-reports

ZSL The Year in Review 2013 ZSL Institute of Zoology Our annual overview of the year, Review 2012/13 featuring our zoos, fieldwork, All our research activities, science, engagement activities collaborations, publications and and ways to get involved. funding in one yearly report. OUR VISION: OUR MISSION: A world where animals To promote and achieve the are valued, and their worldwide conservation of conservation assured animals and their habitats ZSL CONSERVATION REVIEW / WELCOME

Welcome The President and Director General of the Zoological Society of London look back on some of 2013’s conservation highlights.

As President of the Zoological Society of London Last year, ZSL was involved in several initiatives that are (ZSL), my role is to ensure that the Society is transforming the field of conservation. We continued achieving its ambitious mission: “To promote and to lead in defining the status and trends of the world’s achieve the worldwide conservation of animals and species and ecosystems through our Indicators and their habitats.” During 2013, ZSL made major progress Assessments Unit, while our conservation technology in this direction. Significant advances were achieved team is developing remote monitoring units that in monitoring the status of the planet; developing are revolutionising the way we keep track of species, new conservation technology; conserving one-of-a-kind species on conduct surveillance and communicate conservation to the public. the verge of extinction; securing tiger strongholds; promoting The EDGE of Existence team, working on behalf of Evolutionarily best practice and transparency in the private sector; and restoring Distinct and Globally Endangered species, launched the EDGE Zones ecosystems that are essential for local communities. concept, highlighting parts of the world that are rich in unique wildlife. Much progress was also made in training the next generation of ZSL is also working to increase conservation capacity at five critical tiger conservation leaders, and in communicating the work of the Society strongholds in Russia, Nepal, Bangladesh, Indonesia and Thailand. The through scientific talks, symposiums and journals. It is wonderful to importance of protecting and restoring habitats that also benefit local see ZSL staff so focused on the five Mission Targets that we hope to communities, such as mangrove forests or coral reefs, was demonstrated meet by our 200th anniversary in 2026 (see page 14). These targets when the Philippines experienced two major natural disasters in 2013. are quantitative in nature, setting clear goals for monitoring species Mangroves are important for coastal protection, while maintaining reefs and ecosystems, reversing the decline of threatened species, restoring ensures a ready local food supply. ZSL was proud to contribute to relief ecosystems, making the private sector more sustainable and changing efforts in communities we have been working with for years. attitudes and behaviour. If ZSL’s work continues to develop at the rate ZSL is committed to working with industry to protect biodiversity. Our achieved in 2013, I have great confidence that our 2026 Mission Targets Net-Works project with carpet manufacturer Interface sees old fishing will be fulfilled. nets being recycled into flooring – reducing pollution, benefiting local I would like to thank the staff at the Institute of Zoology, the Zoos and people and creating an amazing recycled product. Such collaborations Conservation Programmes for driving our mission forward. In addition, I are a major step towards a more sustainable world. would like to acknowledge the hard work of teams such as development, Finally, ZSL joined with six other field conservation organisations and human resources, finance, communications and catering that have HRH The Duke of Cambridge to launch United for Wildlife. This group will all been working behind the scenes to make this impressive progress work together to implement conservation responses on a scale never possible. This annual Conservation Review highlights just a few of the seen before. Our 2013 initiatives have set a strong foundation for the key achievements in 2013. future, and we expect to see even greater conservation gains in 2014.

Professor Sir Patrick Bateson FRS Ralph Armond President, Zoological Society of London Director General, Zoological Society of London

ZSL CONSERVATION REVIEW 2013 3 ZSL CONSERVATION REVIEW / WHERE WE WORK

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Our hub countries ZSL’s work is truly international in scope – each dot on the map represents one of our conservation projects, while our key hubs of activity are detailed below.

UNITED KINGDOM CAMEROON KENYA SAUDI ARABIA NEPAL

1. UNITED KINGDOM to protect wildlife and biodiversity. 4. SAUDI ARABIA Endangered Indian tiger. Both Our projects with UK species We provide advice to companies The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a of these iconic animals are include the Critically Endangered (page 27), support protected large, biodiverse country, but one threatened by the effects of a European eel, which ZSL has been area management (page 13) in which many species are now growing human population and working with since 2005. During and collaborate with all on law threatened with extinction. As part by poaching. We are working the spring our work focuses on enforcement efforts (page 9). of a long-term collaboration with with local communities to get monitoring elvers (juvenile eels), the Saudi Wildlife Authority, ZSL them involved in protecting their which arrive in the River Thames 3. KENYA helps to run conservation-breeding large mammals, and monitoring after a 3,000-mile journey from ZSL and the Kenya Wildlife Service and reintroduction programmes, these animals in the long-term. the Sargasso Sea. There was good are working together to decrease conducts research and assists in See page 8 for more about our news in 2013, with high elver the threat from the illegal wildlife the training of staff. See page 13. anti-poaching work and page 23 numbers noted. See page 10. trade to species such as elephants for more on our new tiger project. and rhino, through new Instant 5. NEPAL 2. CAMEROON Wild monitoring technology and ZSL has a long history of 6. BANGLADESH ZSL’s Cameroon programme is the SMART (Spatial Monitoring conservation work in Nepal, ZSL is working with WildTeam working with the private sector, and Reporting Tool) anti-poaching with a focus on the Vulnerable to conserve one of the world’s communities and local authorities approach. See page 18. greater one-horned rhino and largest remaining populations of

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BANGLADESH INDONESIA MONGOLIA CHINA PHILIPPINES THAILAND

tigers, along with their home in a pivotal role in monitoring conservation initiative (see areas. Mangroves are nature’s the Sundarbans mangrove forest. Mongolia’s biodiversity. It also page 20). We are conducting bioshields and their value was has an important job in capacity research into the distribution demonstrated in the aftermath 7. INDONESIA building and nurturing the and status of wild salamanders of super-typhoon Haiyan (see From reducing conflicts next generation of Mongolian and working to address key page 25). between humans and wildlife conservationists. Our annual threats, such as poaching, to supporting the sustainable field course is aimed at students habitat loss and disease. 11. THAILAND management of ecosystems, ZSL and early career conservation ZSL has been working with the is involved in a range of projects in scientists wishing to gain valuable 10. PHILIPPINES Elephant Conservation Network Indonesia. These include working field training. See page 28. As well as our Net-Works project in Thailand’s Salakpra Wildlife with the palm oil industry to in the Philippines (see page 27), Sanctuary for many years to tackle reduce its impacts – see page 26. 9. CHINA ZSL’s community-based mangrove the human-elephant conflicts The Chinese giant salamander rehabilitation project has made that threaten lives and livelihoods, 8. MONGOLIA is one of 10 highly unusual great progress in protecting help restore and protect the forest In 2013, ZSL celebrated the 10th and endangered amphibians and restoring mangrove forests, ecosystem, and enable local anniversary of its Steppe Forward to be targeted by ZSL’s EDGE and is now working to integrate villagers to develop sustainable, programme, which has played of Existence amphibian mangroves into marine protected forest-friendly occupations.

ZSL CONSERVATION REVIEW 2013 5 Introduction Professor Jonathan Baillie, Conservation Programmes Director, reviews ZSL’s achievements in 2013 and explains how they are helping our mission.

ZSL has set itself ambitious Mission Targets that we Instant Wild remote monitoring cameras and Mataki animal-tracking aim to achieve by our 200th anniversary in 2026 devices, were all on show. ZSL is now working with our UfW partners (see page 14), as well as eight major conservation to roll out this technology on a scale that has never been attempted initiatives that we will undertake to achieve these before. With our conservation technology work advancing rapidly in goals. These include: Status of the Planet (defining 2013, major collaborations have been developed with Iridium satellite the status of global biodiversity); Conservation communications and product developers Cambridge Consultants. Technology (developing cutting-edge solutions to Over the course of the year, ZSL also raised record levels of funding wildlife monitoring); Animals on the EDGE (our programme dedicated for our conservation work, making it possible to expand activities in to Evolutionarily Distinct and Globally Endangered animals and their some of our hub countries: Nepal, Kenya, Bangladesh and Thailand. habitats); Top Predators (conserving iconic species such as tigers that These hub sites are countries where ZSL is committed to working are at the top of the food chain and thus vulnerable to ecosystem in the long term to implement our initiatives. change); Conservation Breeding (continuing our highly successful ZSL helped to define the status of the planet by supporting National animal breeding and reintroduction programmes); Conservation for Red Lists of threatened wildlife and entering more than 8,000 species Communities (protecting habitats that both people and wildlife conservation assessments into the National Red List website. Our depend upon); Business for Nature (working with industry to reduce scientists also helped drive forward the ‘natural capital’ research agenda, its impact on the natural world), and Inspiring Future Generations demonstrating how critical ecosystems – and the invaluable natural (training and supporting up-and-coming conservationists all over resources they represent – can be measured from space. A major report the world). As you will read in the following pages, we made great was also launched on the rewilding of Europe, focusing on species that progress on all these major initiatives in 2013. have made significant recoveries. The EDGE programme produced an The year began well with our second ZSL Global Conservation important publication on EDGE Zones, supported eight international Meeting, which brought together representatives from our field Fellows, and held leadership and training courses, while our Top conservation programmes all over the world. This meeting is Predators initiative has expanded to include five major tiger habitats, extremely important for rolling out ZSL’s conservation strategy and as well as new shark strongholds. And as part of our Conservation for providing training that will improve our effectiveness on the ground. Communities initiative, ZSL developed several projects demonstrating Our goals received a major boost in 2013 when ZSL won the that conservation is essential for sustainable development. Three Google Global Impact Award to develop automated camera-trapping marine protected areas were created, our mangrove restoration sites technology that will help detect poachers and monitor species in the Philippines were expanded and a new International Union for threatened by the illegal wildlife trade. Having strong backing from Conservation of Nature Mangrove Specialist Group was formed to high-profile supporters such as Edward Norton and Leonardo DiCaprio protect these precious coastal forests, with the support of ZSL. helped ZSL win the popular vote in this extremely competitive process. As part of our Business for Nature initiative, ZSL helped to monitor The new automated cameras were successfully developed and tested in the impact of the world’s oil palm plantations on biodiversity and Kenya, transmitting images back to London via satellite. This technology designed a system that will help palm oil-producing companies follow will revolutionise the way we monitor and protect species. best practice when it comes to managing wildlife. Our Net-Works Stopping wildlife crime was also the focus for the launch of programme, an extremely successful private-sector collaboration that United for Wildlife (UfW), a unique collaboration of the seven largest pays communities in the Philippines for old fishing nets which are international field-based conservation organisations, led by HRH The then recycled into carpet tiles, also took off. Finally, the next generation Duke of Cambridge. This partnership is focusing on supporting and of conservation leaders were supported through training courses in inspiring the next generation of conservation leaders and addressing countries such as Mongolia and Saudi Arabia. In this review we turn the conservation issues at a global level – starting with the illegal wildlife spotlight on some of the year’s standout successes in combating the illegal trade. HRH The Prince of Wales and HRH The Duke of Cambridge both wildlife trade, promoting citizen science and conserving protected areas, attended a UfW meeting hosted by ZSL at which advances, including as well as looking in more detail at ZSL’s Mission Targets – and how our software developed as part of the SMART anti-poaching approach, key initiatives of 2013 brought us significantly closer to achieving them.

6 ZSL CONSERVATION REVIEW 2013 ZSL CONSERVATION REVIEW / IN THE SPOTLIGHT

ZSL in the spotlight Take a closer look at some of our standout conservation projects of 2013.

08 SPOTLIGHT ON ILLEGAL WILDLIFE TRADE 10 SPOTLIGHT ON CITIZEN SCIENCE 12 SPOTLIGHT ON PROTECTED AREAS

ZSL is helping rangers on the front line in the fight against wildlife poaching

ZSL CONSERVATION REVIEW 2013 7 ZSL CONSERVATION REVIEW / IN THE SPOTLIGHT

Illegal wildlife trade Black-market trade in animal parts and wildlife is a major threat to the survival of species from elephants to pangolins. ZSL is involved in on-the-ground protection, policy work and the development of new technological solutions.

UNITED FOR WILDLIFE COMBATING POACHING ZSL was delighted to welcome Their Royal Highnesses The Prince of Wales and The Duke of ZSL has been involved in the conservation Cambridge in November for a meeting of United for Wildlife (UfW), a partnership between of Nepal’s wildlife, including the greater seven of the largest global conservation organisations (Conservation International, Fauna & one-horned rhino, for the past two decades. Flora International, the International Union for Conservation of Nature, The Nature Conservancy, We have a long history of involving local the Wildlife Conservation Society, WWF-UK and ZSL) and The Royal Foundation of The Duke people in the management of their own and Duchess of Cambridge and Prince Harry. This unique collaboration aims to substantially natural resources, and are currently supporting increase the global response to major conservation crises. The first such crisis to be tackled community-based anti-poaching programmes is the unprecedented rise in the illegal wildlife trade, which is resulting in the slaughter of to protect rhinos and tigers in the vicinity of thousands of endangered animals worldwide. During the groundbreaking meeting, Their the Bardia and Chitwan National Parks. In 2011, Royal Highnesses participated in discussions about current trends and inspected new the Nepalese Department of National Parks and cutting-edge monitoring technology that will help enforcement officials in their fight against Wildlife Conservation celebrated the first ‘zero poachers. The UfW collaboration met again in December for an intensive two-day workshop poaching year’ since the outbreak of the Maoist to agree on five major initiatives (launching in 2014) that will address the growing threat of insurgency in the country in 1996. At the end of illegal wildlife trade in rhinos, elephants, tigers and pangolins. 2013, we were on course for an equally fantastic year, with no poaching incidents recorded STANDING UNITED since February 2013. ZSL is proud to Find out more about United for Wildlife be a partner in the conservation at unitedforwildlife.org work achieving this remarkable outcome.

8 ZSL CONSERVATION REVIEW 2013 UNDERSTANDING THE EEL TRADE “We are seeing Five species of tropical eels in the Philippines are under threat from an international over-exploitation driven by the international demand for eel meat (exacerbated by a ban on exporting the Critically Endangered European black-market trade” eel outside of the EU in 2010). Unfortunately, a ban on the export of juvenile eels outside the Philippines, passed in 2012, appears to have Social scientist Lauren Redmore is had little effect, with adverts for eel exports remaining online and working on ZSL’s anti-poaching work in Cameroon: seizures of black market consignments being made. Representatives “One of the scary phenomena that we are seeing of ZSL and TRAFFIC, the wildlife trade monitoring network, visited the in Cameroon is the recent development of an Philippines in 2013 to establish an eel conservation project, meeting with international black-market trade in wildlife products stakeholders, including national, regional and municipal government, non- governmental organisations and fishers, to discuss the eel trade and how within forest-dependent communities. While the it has affected freshwater habitats and local communities. It was clear that media tends to cover poaching crises in the ivory trade, drivers of exploitation and trade were international in scale, while those sadly many other animal parts are also in demand by at the bottom of the supply chain – the local fishers – were not benefiting poachers. Here we are seeing pangolin scales being from these activities. Our project aims to ensure that exploitation of these species is ecologically sustainable and economically equitable. collected by hunters who are also smoking pangolin meat. The pangolin is an unusual anteater and its scales are often sold into black markets, as practitioners of Chinese medicine believe that they can be useful in curing many diseases associated with the liver, stomach and blood. This is likely to increase pressure on pangolin populations, including the Near Threatened giant pangolin – especially as it is possible that the scales are more valuable than the meat, providing an additional incentive to hunters. Poachers have been caught transporting many animals killed for the trade in bushmeat and wildlife products.”

DEFENDING CAMEROON’S RAINFOREST The forest landscape of south-east Cameroon is internationally recognised as a conservation priority for the protection of the African elephant, western gorilla and common chimpanzee. Despite this, populations of these threatened species are under immense pressure as a result of illegal wildlife trade. ZSL took major Clockwise from steps to combat this in 2013, initiating a far left: ZSL London programme to support law enforcement Zoo welcomed royal and forest management in the protected visitors for the United landscape of the Dja Faunal Reserve (see page for Wildlife launch; 13) that makes use of the SMART anti-poaching we met with Filipino monitoring software developed by ZSL and communities to discuss its partners. We are also working closely with the eel trade; Lauren forest communities to help them play a bigger with field staff in role in protecting their local wildlife from illegal Cameroon; pangolin and unsustainable poaching by outsiders. scales seized from These initiatives are already seeing results – poachers in Cameroon; for more on the Wildlife Wood Project in Nepal’s greater Cameroon, turn to page 27. one-horned rhino

ZSL CONSERVATION REVIEW 2013 9 ZSL CONSERVATION REVIEW / IN THE SPOTLIGHT

Citizen science Involving people in the conservation of wildlife is a crucial factor in the success of our work, both at home and abroad. Learn about some of ZSL’s ‘citizen science’ projects below.

iSEAHORSE GOES LIVE Difficult to study in the wild because of their enormous geographical range and chameleon- like ability to blend into their surroundings, seahorses are a conservation challenge. Globally, there are fewer than 15 scientists studying seahorses in the wild – many of whom are part of the Project Seahorse team co-founded by ZSL. Most of the seahorse species on the official IUCN Red List of Threatened Species are considered Data Deficient, so we have no real idea of how at risk they are. We do know that tens of millions of seahorses are traded every year for use in traditional medicine, aquariums or as curios, and that this demand is growing. The new iSeahorse website and iPhone app allow anyone around the world – whether they are scientists, divers or tourists on a beach holiday – to contribute to science and conservation by sharing their wild seahorse sightings. The site provides interactive seahorse maps, species profiles and IUCN Red List assessments. We are now working on a long-term population-monitoring app and web tool that will allow iSeahorse users to help track seahorse populations over time. Data uploaded to the site will be used to update species’ conservation status and geographical ranges, and will inform future conservation management plans.

MONITORING LONDON’S EELS

Unknown to some locals, London’s rivers and the Thames Estuary are home to a threatened population of Critically Endangered European eels for most of their life cycle. ZSL is getting local residents involved in saving this species by improving river management and monitoring  the population’s status. Local volunteers take INSTANT WILD IN ACTION ownership of eel-friendly traps placed along ZSL’s Instant Wild iPhone app is a unique citizen science tool that enables members their nearest rivers and don waders twice a of the public to identify and discuss images of wildlife transmitted from motion-triggered week, rain or shine, during the spring-summer camera traps set up around the globe. Since its launch at the end of 2011, Instant Wild migration period to check for elvers (juvenile has helped us ID over one million images, and users have initiated more than one eels). The elvers are counted and then released million species identifications, with an identification success rate of over 90%. In 2013, to continue their migration upstream. In 2013, ZSL’s Instant Wild iPhone app spotted the Critically Endangered Javan leopard in Indonesia, a record 12,000 elvers were recorded by the as well as the incredibly rare mountain mouse-deer in Sri Lanka. This iPhone app empowers team in just one of our traps – a significant the public to get involved in field conservation work and improves awareness and knowledge increase from 2012, when only 1,000 were found of the species in our project locations. It also means that we have the ability to find out throughout the entire season. Although this is instantly if rare and threatened species are spotted. As more cameras go online in Kenya, an encouraging sign, we won’t know for several Namibia, the US and Antarctica, the app has the potential to save conservationists thousands years whether it is the start of a positive trend, of hours of work as the general public helps sort the images by species group, enabling or just a blip in the otherwise bleak outlook faster data analysis. for this unique species.

10 ZSL CONSERVATION REVIEW 2013 PUTTING SEALS ON THE MAP GET INVOLVED In 2013, ZSL completed the first comprehensive count of harbour seals in the south-east of the UK, counting 670 seals through a combination WANT TO BE PART OF of surveys by plane, boat and on foot. We also launched a new online OUR CONSERVATION interactive map to enable members of the public to contribute their WORK? HERE’S HOW: own sightings. The map generated huge interest, with more than 100 sightings being reported, raising awareness of seals in the  Instant Wild Help us identify River Thames and engaging many individual Londoners some of the planet’s rarest species with our work. This work, along with a state-of- at zsl.org/instant-wild the-art seal-tagging study, has already identified important foraging and haul-out areas where  Seahorses Find out about our seals spend time ashore. This exercise will be seahorse conservation work, or log repeated in 2014 – when we look forward to a sighting, at iSeahorse.org equally enthusiastic public participation.  European eels We rely on volunteers to check eel traps in tributaries of the River Thames. To volunteer, contact 0207 449 6446 Opposite page: an Instant Wild camera  Harbour seals See the results and phone app; of our latest seal count (or report a monitoring elvers. sighting) at zsl.org/sealmap Above: sightings of wild seahorses can  Work with us Visit zsl.org/ now be logged with volunteer for volunteering iSeahorse. Left: seals opportunities or zsl.org/jobs for in the River Thames conservation and science internships

ZSL CONSERVATION REVIEW 2013 11 ZSL CONSERVATION REVIEW / IN THE SPOTLIGHT

Protected areas Protected areas form the backbone of global conservation efforts, and ZSL supports national agencies and local communities around the world to better manage and monitor them.

OUR 2020 TARGETS

The world’s governments have agreed that, by 2020, at least 17% of the world’s land and 10% of its oceans should be protected. But to date, the world’s 200,000 or so protected areas only cover about 14.6% and 2.8% respectively – and many of these remain poorly managed and little known. ZSL is supporting countries to better monitor, protect and manage existing protected areas, as well as identify and designate new areas to meet the 2020 target.

THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST ZSL has been working in the Russian Far East since 2001 to understand the movements of Amur tigers in and between the Lazovsky State Nature Reserve and Zov Tigra National Park, helping with the development of protected area management and species action plans. We know that Lazovsky supports one of the world’s highest densities of reproducing Amur tigers. Between the two protected areas lies a hunting concession, and in 2013 we discovered that this area is also being used by the resident tigers, making this landscape one of the most significant tiger strongholds in Russia (see page 23 for more on our work here). With only a small human population in the region, the future prospects for its resident tigers are good. ZSL must now engage with the timber industry in surrounding forest concessions to ensure that they are following sustainable forestry practices that are completely compatible with tiger conservation.

THE CHAGOS MARINE RESERVE

In October 2013, ZSL and the Fondation Bertarelli brought together leading marine experts to develop a five-year science plan for the Chagos Marine Reserve in the British Indian Ocean Territory – the world’s largest marine reserve. The plan proposed a collaborative consortium to implement five inter-dependent thematic areas of work: monitoring megafauna; coastal and reef biology; oceanography and ocean observation; conservation and management; and communications and outreach. The goal is to establish the Chagos Marine Reserve as an ocean observatory that could potentially connect with similar remote, near-pristine marine reserves, and highlight the importance of Chagos to both the Indian Ocean and the global marine ecosystem.

12 ZSL CONSERVATION REVIEW 2013 SAUDI MONITORING ZSL has been working in Saudi Arabia for 25 years, during which time we have carried out extensive research and monitoring activities in several protected landscapes – most notably the Ibex Reserve, the Uruq Bani Ma’arid protected area and the Farasan Islands in the Red Sea – to inform the management of these areas. Regular aerial and vehicle surveys are carried out to determine the distribution and relative abundance of key species such as the Arabian oryx and Nubian ibex, and, in 2013, camera-trap surveys have been initiated to provide a more in-depth understanding of a wider range of species. We have carried out reintroductions of gazelles in the Ibex Reserve and Uruq Bani Ma’arid, and continue to monitor these populations to track their progress and plan for other future reintroductions. To date, these have been the world’s only successful reintroductions of gazelles into truly wild areas.

THE DJA FAUNAL RESERVE Opposite, from left: silvertip shark; Amur In 2013, we expanded our activities in Cameroon to include support tiger caught on camera for the UNESCO World Heritage-listed Dja Faunal Reserve, a globally trap. Above, centre and important site for biodiversity, including species such as two species right: Ibex Reserve, of great apes and forest elephants. The area is under threat from the Saudi Arabia. Left and expansion of industry and poaching, and the national government’s below: the Pitcairn Conservation Service, which manages the reserve, requires support Islands. Below left: and training to ensure the area is protected. ZSL is working with the Dja Faunal Reserve Conservation Service to take direct action to combat poaching through the provision of equipment, training and technical support to eco-guards. We are also working with local communities and forestry companies in the periphery of the reserve to ensure their actions do not negatively impact on the Dja – see page 27 for more on these collaborations.

THE PITCAIRN ISLANDS Building on our work in Chagos, ZSL began a new project in 2013 in another British Overseas Territory: the remote Pitcairn Islands in the South Pacific. Given the archipelago’s extremely isolated location (it can be reached only by sea, with a supply ship visiting eight times a year from French Polynesia), the islands’ marine habitats are some of the least known in any UK territory. Plans are under way for Pitcairn to become the world’s largest marine reserve. This collaborative project with Dundee University, Sea-Scope marine environmental consultancy and the Pitcairn community is working to build a sustainable marine management plan, enhance environmental tourism opportunities on the islands and build awareness of their extraordinary diversity of wildlife. During this inaugural visit, the team worked closely with the local community to document lobster catches, discuss fishery management options and trial underwater survey methods.

HELPING HABITATS Find out more about the environments we work in at zsl.org/conservation/habitats

ZSL CONSERVATION REVIEW 2013 13 ZSL CONSERVATION REVIEW / TARGETS

ZSL’s Mission Targets We are undertaking game-changing activities to achieve ZSL’s worldwide conservation mission. By 2026, we will have:

DEFINED AND MONITORED PROTECTED AND RESTORED ENSURED BEST PRACTICE THE STATUS OF THE WORLD’S AT LEAST 1 MILLION KM2 FOR NATURAL RESOURCE USE PROTECTED AREAS AND AT OF COASTAL AND MARINE IN AT LEAST 1 MILLION KM2 LEAST 20,000 SPECIES HABITAT AND ½ MILLION KM2 OF PRIORITY PRODUCTION To achieve this, ZSL will: OF TERRESTRIAL HABITAT LANDSCAPE 1. Continue to lead the development and To achieve this, ZSL will: To achieve this, ZSL will: implementation of global biodiversity 1. Work with the Marine Reserves Coalition 1. Assist industry in monitoring, reporting indicators (Living Planet Index and to develop and implement a marine and managing impacts on biodiversity, Red List Index). protected area strategy focusing on including the implementation of BASE 2. Define the conservation status of all protecting 30% of the world’s oceans. at 500 industry sites. vertebrates and a representative subset 2. Help develop and implement a 2. Improve the quality of standards of invertebrates. global mangrove protection and used by agribusiness, forestry and 3. Develop tools for measuring and restoration strategy. extractive companies, and ensure monitoring natural capital. 3. Focus on protected areas that contain a their effective implementation. 4. Build and maintain a website containing disproportionate amount of evolutionarily 3. Work with investors and downstream all National Red Lists and Action Plans. distinct species (unique species). companies with supply chain dependency 5. Facilitate the creation of a large fund 4. Build capacity and provide technology for to identify and mitigate risks associated with enabling countries to implement the effective management of protected unsustainable biodiversity-related practices. National Red Lists. areas and ecosystems. 4. Increase the capacity of land use planning 6. Develop new technology for remote 5. Develop and test innovative financing decision-makers to minimise the negative wildlife monitoring and surveillance. mechanisms for conservation. impacts on biodiversity by the agribusiness 7. Improve the current standard for 6. Develop and implement monitoring and and extractive sectors. National Biodiversity Strategies and surveillance systems in priority landscapes. Action Plans (NBSAPs). 7. Develop and implement the Freshwater THROUGH OUR ZOOS, Life programme, focusing on monitoring, RESEARCH AND PUBLIC IMPROVED THE STATUS OF AT restoration and conservation breeding. ENGAGEMENT, ENABLED MORE LEAST 100 OF THE WORLD’S THAN 70 MILLION PEOPLE TO MOST THREATENED AND ADOPT POSITIVE STEPS TO DISTINCT SPECIES SUPPORT CONSERVATION To achieve this, ZSL will: AND VALUE NATURE 1. Reverse the decline of EDGE species. To achieve this, ZSL will: 2. Protect the last remaining top predator 1. Lead on the science of behaviour change, as strongholds (for Amur leopards, tigers, it relates to conservation, and integrate this sharks, cheetahs and wild dogs). skill set across all relevant field programmes. 3. Identify ecosystems and associated 2. Promote citizen science engagement tools. species essential for human security, 3. Increase the number and quality of and develop and implement strategies symposiums, public talks, publications and for sustainable management. educational programmes conducted by ZSL. 4. Undertake ambitious conservation 4. Implement major conservation training breeding initiatives focusing on desert programmes in five countries. species, amphibians, fish and invertebrates. 5. Develop publicly available conservation 5. Implement wildlife health programmes training material and conduct courses for target species. to build capacity. 6. Host at least 10 IUCN Species Survival 6. Consolidate and present the best Commission Specialist Groups conservation science for policy and and drive their action plans forward. decision makers, focusing on natural capital accounting, wildlife trade and protected area effectiveness.

14 ZSL CONSERVATION REVIEW 2013 Our initiatives To make our 2026 Mission Targets a reality, we have implemented eight key conservation initiatives. Find out how we are working towards them in the following pages.

16 STATUS OF THE PLANET 18 CONSERVATION TECHNOLOGY 20 ANIMALS ON THE EDGE 22 TOP PREDATORS 24 CONSERVATION BREEDING 25 CONSERVATION FOR COMMUNITIES 26 BUSINESS FOR NATURE 28 INSPIRING FUTURE GENERATIONS

Our initiatives are protecting many species, including top predators such as the cheetah ZSL CONSERVATION REVIEW / INITIATIVES

Status of the planet Accurate information on the status of the world’s species and ecosystems is essential for conservation planning and policy, and ZSL’s strong science base makes it a world leader in this arena.

Dung beetles RED LIST ASSESSMENTS A Sampled Red List Assessment of Evaluating the extinction risks for various groups of animals is a huge 1,500 dung beetle species was carried undertaking, often requiring input from hundreds of specialist scientists. out in 2013, with ZSL hosting a neotropical In 2013, ZSL coordinated four such IUCN Red List assessments. We also dung beetle workshop at which experts evaluated 272 species. set up the National Red List Alliance (NRLA), previously the National Red As a result of our work over the year, the IUCN Red List update in List Working Group, and we chair its newly established coordinating November included over 230 newly listed dung beetle species, body. This alliance is committed to supporting the development dramatically increasing the total to more than 300. We are currently and implementation of national-level Red List species assessments, a working with experts to finalise an additional 760 species assessments. remit that was also recommended by the international Convention on Biological Diversity’s advisory body in October 2013, following interventions from the NRLA coordinating body. MONITORING TRENDS

Reptiles Learn more about A Sampled Red List Assessment, coordinated by ZSL in 2013 to our monitoring work at investigate the conservation status of 1,500 randomly selected reptile species, concluded that one in five are threatened with extinction. zsl.org/status-of-the-planet Reptiles are often overlooked in conservation planning, but these data show that they urgently require a place on the conservation agenda.

“Gobi bear numbers are dangerously low”

Nathan Conaboy of ZSL’s Mongolia country programme explains the plight of this rare desert dweller: “The fragile ecosystem of the Gobi desert, one of the last great wildernesses on earth, is home to unique wildlife such as the Gobi bear and wild Bactrian camel. The Gobi bear is particularly poorly known and there may be as few as 22 individuals remaining, according to a recent genetic population study. Whatever the exact figure, clearly numbers are dangerously low, and more information on the bear’s distribution and feeding and mating behaviour are urgently needed. At the request of the Mongolian government, ZSL has begun survey work that will contribute to the production of a conservation action plan for this species. One of the projects I have been working on is setting up hundreds of remote camera traps, to collect valuable data on Mongolian species.”

16 ZSL CONSERVATION REVIEW 2013 Anguillid eels For more than 30 years there has been concern among conservationists about the decline in numbers of anguillid eels, whose complex life cycle – growing and feeding in freshwater, and breeding in the oceans – makes their conservation and management extremely difficult, with efforts mainly focused in the more accessible freshwater environment. ZSL chairs the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) Anguillid Specialist Sub-Group, and under this banner hosted an assessment workshop in 2013 at which data on 13 species were collated and analysed. The resulting Red List categories will be published later in 2014 by the IUCN. In the meantime, projects are under way to assess tropical eel species and trade in the Philippines, and to develop consumer engagement strategies in East Asia.

Okapis ZSL has maintained an interest in this elusive forest giraffid since its scientific discovery and description by a ZSL Fellow in 1901, and last year took on the okapi co-chair position within the IUCN SSC Giraffe and Okapi Specialist Group. In May 2013, this group, the Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature and ZSL co-hosted a multi-stakeholder workshop in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, at which participants reviewed ZSL’s okapi status report, carried out a Red List assessment of the species and drafted the first okapi conservation strategy. Sadly, the assessment revealed the okapi to be much more threatened than previously thought, and it was officially announced as Endangered by the IUCN in November.

WILDLIFE COMEBACK

The Gobi bear captured on A rare but encouraging conservation success an automated camera trap story, the Wildlife Comeback in Europe report attracted welcome public interest in 2013. The report, commissioned by Rewilding Europe and produced by ZSL, BirdLife Europe and the European Bird Census Council, highlighted the resurgence of 37 European mammal and bird species over the past 50 years. Not only ungulates, such as bison, red deer, alpine ibex and wild boar, but also some European carnivores – including the Eurasian lynx, grey wolf, brown bear and white- tailed eagle – have recovered significantly. The report analysed the factors behind this success, Clockwise from far and found that legal protection of species left: the conservation and sites was key, while active reintroductions status of reptiles and and re-stockings were also important. While dung beetles was the findings show that nature conservation assessed in 2013; works, more commitment and resources are the eel Red List still needed to halt biodiversity loss and restore workshop group; one other declining and depleted species. Public of the rare okapis at support for keeping wild places all over Europe, ZSL London Zoo; the fuelled by the successes reported here, will be Wildlife Comeback in essential to maintain this momentum. Europe report

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Conservation technology Technological advances are increasingly becoming the key to saving endangered species. Sophisticated cameras, tagging devices and software can contribute to species monitoring, help rangers detect intruders and connect the public directly with wildlife.

TECHNOLOGY FOR NATURE

Advances in technology offer a chance to revolutionise wildlife conservation. Tackling the unprecedented volumes of data generated by these technologies using equally advanced analytics will give us new insights into changes in the natural world. Technology for Nature is a unique partnership between ZSL, University College London and Microsoft Research that is leveraging these developments to scale up our global conservation efforts. These organisations bring together the best science and technological knowledge with engineering that has the ability to deliver. In July 2013, Technology for Nature held an exhibit at the Royal Society Summer Science Exhibition, demonstrating how scientists can harness technology from the information age to monitor and respond to environmental change and biodiversity loss. ZSL displayed Instant Wild cameras and Mataki tracking devices at the exhibition, giving the general public, scientists, teachers, policy-makers and the media a chance to learn about these projects and the Technology for Nature partnership.

THE SMART APPROACH TO POACHING

The ‘SMART approach’ to protecting wildlife is a combination of monitoring software, training materials and implementation standards developed by some of the world’s foremost conservation organisations: ZSL, CITES-MIKE (the Monitoring the Illegal Killing of Elephants programme of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species), Frankfurt Zoological Society, North Carolina Zoo, Wildlife Conservation Society and WWF. SMART (Spatial Monitoring and Reporting Tool) software gives protected area authorities and community groups the ability to empower staff, boost motivation, increase efficiency, and promote credible and transparent monitoring of the effectiveness of anti-poaching efforts. The SMART partnership launched in early 2011, and in 2013, ZSL ran SMART training courses in Cameroon, Kenya and Indonesia. Since the SMARTER WORKING start of the year, the ZSL Indonesia team and other in-country partners have trained more than 50 staff to use the SMART approach in the Find out more about the Berbak, Sembilang and Kerinci Seblat national parks. In May 2013, ZSL’s Dr Rajan Amin and Olivia Needham carried out SMART training with 25 SMART approach at staff from the Kenya Wildlife Service. SMART is now being rolled out by zsl.org/SMART the partnership’s founding members at more than 120 sites worldwide.

18 ZSL CONSERVATION REVIEW 2013 MAKING AN IMPACT “These are Public concern over the current unprecedented levels of poaching in Africa was amply exciting times demonstrated when wildlife supporters around the world voted ZSL’s anti-poaching work into first place in Google’s £500,000 Global Impact Award 2013. This crucial for ZSL funding has enabled ZSL to further develop its innovative remote surveillance system, Instant Wild, revolutionising anti-poaching and wildlife monitoring efforts in the in Kenya” field. The system uses advanced, satellite-enabled camera traps that transmit images Chris Gordon, ZSL’s instantaneously once triggered, and can be used virtually anywhere on earth. The country manager in Kenya, explains how our cameras have been put to the test in the remotest of places, with successful trials in Kenya for anti-poaching activities and Antarctica for penguin colony monitoring. conservation work there is expanding: Work is also under way on specialised sensors that will enable the detection of vehicles “While ZSL has been working in Kenya and humans, further increasing the capability and reach of this important new tool. since 1990, predominantly providing technical support to the Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS), it was during this past year that the organisation took the decision to set up a country office. In October, I joined ZSL as the new country manager, migrating south from Ethiopia where I had spent the previous five years running the Ethiopian Wolf Conservation Programme. “These are exciting times for ZSL in Kenya, as we are set to field test the new Instant Wild monitoring technology in the Tsavo area. Its potential for wildlife law enforcement in Kenya and beyond is fantastic. ZSL is also introducing SMART software in Kenya, which will help KWS, non-governmental organisations (such as the Masaai Wilderness Conservation Trust) and communities improve their patrols, empowering on-the-ground managers and motivating rangers and ecologists. This year will also see ZSL conduct MATAKI TRACKING DEVICES important assessments in the Boni-Dodori coastal forest, near the Somali border. Preliminary As habitat loss, climate change and human-wildlife surveys in this area found a new species of giant conflict all continue to impact the lives of many species, accurately monitoring their movement, elephant shrew and a significant population of behaviour and distribution is increasingly critical. the Critically Endangered Aders’ duiker, as well as However, gathering this information is often a challenge – the Endangered African wild dog. We are all eager animal-tracking devices can be costly, complex and difficult Opposite, far left: to see what the upcoming surveys produce. As the to recover. The Mataki tracking device project sets out to SMART training address these problems by providing an open-source, course at the Kenya country office grows, it is clear that ZSL has a big low-cost platform for monitoring animal movement and Wildlife Service role to play in Kenya.” behaviour. Over the past year, ZSL scientists have pioneered training institute. Left the development and application of this system to enable and centre left: our the remote download of data, and are now using the tiny innovative technology Mataki tracking devices within their own research – from was exhibited at the recording the behaviour of seabirds in high resolution to Royal Society Summer monitoring the activity patterns of large carnivores. Exhibition. Above Working with Microsoft Research, ZSL also sent out a and inset: Instant ‘call for collaborations’, receiving more than 80 applications Wild cameras being from all over the world for sets of Mataki tracking devices. installed; ZSL staff Our collaborators are now trialling these devices in a hard at work in Kenya. growing number of projects worldwide, including tracking Right: the Kenyan African wild dogs and monitoring avian reintroductions. landscape

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Animals on the EDGE ZSL’s EDGE of Existence programme highlights and conserves the world’s most Evolutionarily Distinct and Globally Endangered (EDGE) species and their habitats. EDGE species are unique in the way they look, live and behave, and are on the verge of extinction.

 SEARCHING FOR SALAMANDERS

The world’s largest amphibian, the Chinese giant salamander, is ranked “Very little is second on EDGE’s priority amphibians list. This water-dweller, which can reach 1.8m in length, is Critically Endangered due to overharvesting for known about this human consumption, as well as disease and habitat degradation. Wild unique animal” populations are estimated to have declined by as much as 80% since 1960, although little is known about their status today. With input from experts in EDGE conservation biologist Dr Nisha China, Japan, the UK and the US, the project team has developed the first Owen explains how ZSL is working to protect Panama’s protocols for monitoring these wild salamanders, using methods ranging Critically Endangered pygmy three-toed sloth, the smallest from interviews with locals to snorkelling, rock and most threatened sloth species: turning, nocturnal spot-lighting and trapping. Intensive searches in what appeared to “The pygmy three-toed sloth was only officially described be pristine salamander habitat in Mt in 2001, so it is relatively new to science. Very little is Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve drew a blank, suggesting that the species known about this unique animal, which is found only may already be extinct at this site. Further on Isla Escudo de Veraguas, a tiny island off mainland surveys in 2014 will aim to discover the Panama. ZSL is training Panamanian conservationist and true status of this iconic amphibian. EDGE Fellow Diorene Smith to lead a conservation research project to remedy this. Although Escudo is uninhabited LIFE ON THE EDGE and officially protected, local people use the island during the fishing season, which does have an impact on such a Find out more about fragile species. In March 2013, a ZSL team visited Escudo EDGE of Existence species at with Diorene to develop survey methods for long-term zsl.org/EDGE monitoring of the sloth population (not easy when much of its habitat is dense mangrove forest) and interview

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 EDGE SPECIES MAPPED OUR EDGE FELLOWS A 2013 publication on ‘EDGE Zones’ highlighted for the first time areas Our 2013 EDGE Fellows have been carrying out projects of the planet containing a disproportionate amount of evolutionarily distinct species. The authors mapped the distribution of mammals and with some fascinating species. Here are a few highlights amphibians, identifying regions with the greatest concentration of EDGE from their work: species. Results show that the most important EDGE Zones for mammals are found in South and Central America, Madagascar and South East Asia, Dušan Jelić from Croatia: the olm as well as parts of southern and eastern Africa. When scientists repeated The olm, a cave salamander from southern Europe, the mapping process for amphibians, they found that different regions is one of the world’s least-known amphibians. were highlighted, including the east and west coast of North America, Dušan has adapted a ground-breaking monitoring Central America, southern Europe and Australia. The difference may be technique called ‘Environmental DNA’ (‘eDNA’ ) for detecting explained by the different evolutionary histories of the two groups, as well olms living in inaccessible caves; testing for the presence of olm as by range sizes, and the fact that mammals and amphibians may be DNA in water samples has provided baseline data on the species’ impacted by different threats. Now that we have identified these EDGE distribution. Dušan has also helped set up an olm rehabilitation Zones we can use them to guide future conservation efforts, ranging from and breeding centre at Zagreb Zoo and is now establishing a strengthening capacity for the effective management of existing protected network of olm conservationists throughout the species’ range. areas to identifying new protected-area sites and undertaking landscape- level steps that will benefit the most unique and threatened species on Grace Quiton from the Philippines: Earth. Visit zsl.org/EDGE-map to view the EDGE Zones. the pearl bubble coral Grace is working with government and local Opposite page: communities to improve coral reef management, the team in action and is training schoolchildren to conserve reefs, passing on searching for the her knowledge and enthusiasm to the next generation. Chinese giant salamander (inset). Abdullahi Hussein Ali from Kenya: Left: amphibian EDGE the hirola antelope Zones were mapped. Award-winning conservationist Ali is spearheading Below: the pygmy the conservation of Africa’s most threatened antelope, three-toed sloth placing the first GPS collars on nine hirola from seven groups. The collars, which transmit a location every three hours, will drop off in June 2014, having provided Ali with enough information to guide conservation planning for the future. villagers about how they use the island. We’re building on this strong foundation with a further trip to develop our Gregorio ‘Ditto’ E dela Rosa Jr, from the relationships with locals, raise awareness of the pygmy sloth Philippines: the mushroom coral Ditto is creating a coastal management plan involving in communities and schools, and encourage people to use government and local stakeholders to ensure his focal the island in a more sustainable way. As a conservationist, species and the reefs in which they occur are protected. you can’t just go and carry out research – you have to engage people with their local wildlife and get them Tran Quang Phuong from Vietnam: the Sunda pangolin involved in efforts to save these rare species.” Phuong is leading the development of rehabilitation protocols for pangolins confiscated from illegal wildlife trade seizures across South East Asia. To date, three of these scaly anteaters have undergone a programme of rehabilitation, health checks and release into the wild, with radio transmitters attached for post-release monitoring. The first of these has survived for at least three months in the wild – the longest-recorded survival of any released pangolin.

Marcel Talla Kouete from Cameroon: caecilians Having discovered and published the first incidence of the amphibian-killing fungus, chytridiomycosis, affecting caecilians, Marcel is now leading efforts to conserve these limbless amphibians – most of which are so little-known that they are listed as Data Deficient on the official IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

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Top predators Iconic predators, such as tigers, wild dogs and sharks, face multiple threats – from habitat loss to conflict with human populations. ZSL is working to conserve some of their key remaining strongholds.

PROTECTING AFRICAN WILD DOGS AND CHEETAHS

With less than 10,000 of each left in the wild, African wild dogs and cheetahs are two of the most threatened large carnivores in Africa. They live at low densities and range over huge areas, making international cooperation in tackling drivers of extinction essential for their survival. ZSL’s conservation programme for these species therefore encompasses 26 African countries. By the end of 2013, it had put in place three regional strategies and 13 national conservation action plans; regional coordinators now work with a wide range of stakeholders and partners to implement these. Notable achievements in 2013 include: helping to secure a CITES commitment to investigate the illegal trade in wild cheetahs; establishing an investigation into the impact of bushmeat extraction on Africa’s savannahs; and putting in place national conservation action plans for cheetahs and wild dogs in Namibia and Tanzania.

SAVE OUR SHARKS

Established in 2011, Project Ocean is an unusual and innovative collaboration between ZSL and the luxury department store Selfridges. It has two key messages: first, to vote with your fork by eating only sustainable fish; and, second, to support the creation of more marine protected areas. In 2013, the project highlighted the amazing diversity of sharks, with window displays, special events and an in-store exhibition, all challenging the world to think differently about these predators. For example: did you know that falling coconuts kill 150 people every year, while in 2012 only seven people were killed by sharks worldwide? Selfridges also took a stance on the use of shark oil – squalene – in the beauty products it stocks. Squalene can be used as an ingredient in face creams, and six million sharks a year, particularly deep-sea species, are killed to meet this demand. Squalene can also be obtained from vegetable sources, but current labelling is often unclear about the CONSERVING CARNIVORES source. With the help of ZSL and the marine conservation organisation Oceana, Selfridges Read more about top predators at undertook an extensive audit of its beauty and health concessions and ensured that zsl.org/top-predators all were 100% free of shark products.

22 ZSL CONSERVATION REVIEW 2013 TIGERS CAUGHT ON CAMERA As reported on page 12, ZSL’s base of operations in the Lazovsky State Nature Reserve (LZ) and the nearby Zov Tigre National Park (ZT) is one of the best Amur tiger habitats in Russia. Working in partnership with the Wildlife Conservation Society Russia, the Russian conservation organisation Phoenix Fund and the parks’ management, we are monitoring and protecting the tiger population using SMART anti-poaching software and automated camera traps, including ZSL’s Instant Wild system (see page 18-19 for more on our cutting-edge conservation technology). During 2013, these recorded 20 adult tigers, indicating a stable population in LZ and increased numbers in ZT. Our cameras also revealed plenty of evidence of tiger breeding, including two new litters and 10 surviving older cubs from 2012. Particularly noteworthy were one group of four 20-month-old cubs, all of which – unusually – survived their first year, and two successful litters produced by the same female only 20 months apart.

“Our work will help increase tiger numbers”

Hem Baral, ZSL’s country manager in Nepal, explains why we have initiated a new tiger project in the country in partnership with Nepal’s Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation, the National Trust for Nature Conservation, and big cat conservationists Panthera: “I have been working in conservation for 27 years, and took up my current position in July 2013. It is exciting to be working on ZSL’s new tiger project in SOLAR-POWERED the Chitwan-Parsa region, one of the highest-priority FENCES SAVE TIGERS landscapes for biodiversity conservation in Nepal. The ZSL’s tiger team in Sumatra area is home to 500 rhinos and 135 Indian tigers, but came up against a new threat a burgeoning human population, along with habitat in 2013, when a Sumatran loss, has led to human-wildlife conflict. Poaching is tiger, familiar from our work in Berbak National Park, was also a threat. We have chosen to work in the Parsa found dead via electrocution in a Wildlife Reserve, a protected area that is less well field. Home-made electric fencing known than other tiger reserves. We’re optimistic that placed around the village’s crops to our work will enhance knowledge of the tigers in the keep off pigs and deer has proved lethal to tigers – and also, reportedly, people – as reserve, as well as helping to increase their numbers. well as to the pigs and deer. Enquiries revealed “The work involves training ground staff in tiger- Opposite, far left: that this was not the only such incident in monitoring techniques; deploying camera equipment Sumatra, and so the team worked with the park a shark display in in the field; strengthening the patrol work of reserve management and local authorities to supply Selfridges. Left: safe, commercially available solar-powered cheetahs and wild staff and the Nepalese Army, and helping the dogs. This page, top: fencing in two test sites. Safer, quieter and government reduce poaching. We also work with local an Amur tiger caught cheaper to run than the stripped wires powered communities, helping to improve their livelihoods, by generators, this could be a win-win solution on film.Top right: Hem education and awareness of the conservation of tigers, for people and wildlife alike. Camera traps have Baral at work in the been set to monitor the fences’ effectiveness, field.Above: fitting as well as supporting anti-poaching units.” and, if the work is successful, it will be expanded. safer electric fences

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Conservation breeding Breeding rare and threatened animals in our Zoos and, where appropriate, releasing some of these into the wild, are important elements of our conservation mission. Here are a few of 2013’s highlights.

SAOLA  MOUNTAIN CHICKEN FROGS

The saola is one of the world’s least-known large mammals, with only a The Critically Endangered mountain chicken handful of individuals ever seen or photographed. Found only in forests frog is yet another victim of the deadly fungal on the borders of Vietnam and Laos, numbers of this long-horned bovine disease chytridiomycosis that is attacking are thought to be dangerously low in the wild. At a 2013 meeting in amphibians around the world. Just two Vientiane, the Saola Working Group of the IUCN SSC Asian Wild Cattle populations remain, on the Caribbean agreed that conservation breeding was an appropriate tool to use in efforts islands of Montserrat and Dominica. ZSL to safeguard this species. A team of international zoo experts, including is providing training in survey techniques ZSL’s Nick Lindsay, has now developed guidelines for the care and to help monitor the remaining wild frogs, management of saola in a captive environment to support this initiative. and supporting the development of a molecular Funds raised by zoos during 2013 as part of the European Association of diagnostic lab in which the conservation team in Dominica can check Zoos and Aquaria’s Southeast Asia Conservation Campaign will be made the disease status of mountain chickens and other amphibians. Our Zoo available for this and other initiatives to save the saola, as soon as a project staff have also assisted in the development of a conservation breeding can be launched by the Vietnam and Laos governments. Setting camera facility for the mountain chicken frog on the island, and trained Dominican traps has been one of the priority actions to get more information on wild conservation staff in amphibian husbandry. In the UK, mountain chickens saola populations. This bore fruit in 2013 when a WWF project obtained the of Montserrat origin were bred at ZSL London Zoo in 2011, and some of first picture of a saola since 1998 – welcome evidence of its persistence! these frogs are destined for reintroduction to the island in 2014.

 CORNCRAKES MAGNOLIA LAND SNAILS

Once widespread in Britain, the Until its recent rediscovery, the Vietnamese magnolia land snail was corncrake suffered a dramatic decline thought to have become extinct in the early twentieth century. A in the 1900s. ZSL is now working conservation plan is now in development, and a breeding programme to help re-establish populations in is felt to be vital due to the small range of this snail and its probable low England. The corncrake breeding numbers in the wild. To ensure the plan is based on sound knowledge, season started a month late in 2013 ZSL scientists are working with Vietnamese partners and London’s Natural due to the cold weather, which History Museum to clarify the snail’s life history and to establish breeding delayed growth of the plant cover techniques. A group of the snails has been established at the invertebrate these birds need for nesting. However, it facility at ZSL London Zoo, and we look forward to them reproducing soon. turned out not to be a bad year, with more than 70 corncrakes hatched and reared at ZSL Clockwise from left: Whipsnade Zoo being released in Cambridgeshire’s Nene Washes. This ZSL has been helping intensive management of the young corncrakes enables conservationists to re-establish to collect detailed information about their development. Monitoring corncrake populations the birds’ hatch weights and release weights provides an opportunity to in England, protect measure the effects of diet on growing chicks. As corncrakes migrate vast mountain chicken distances within the first few months of life, it is crucial to ensure that their frogs in the Caribbean diet in the early stages is as good as possible and that they are physically and secure the up to the migration. The veterinary team undertake regular health checks future of Vietnamese on the chicks as they grow and before release. They are now looking magnolia land snails at ways to gauge bone development through an X-ray procedure that doesn’t involve sedation, thus avoiding the associated health risks.

24 ZSL CONSERVATION REVIEW 2013 Conservation for communities Communities all over the world depend on local species and ecosystems for survival. ZSL is committed to providing the tools and training necessary to protect these landscapes for the benefit of both humanity and wildlife.

RECOVERY IN THE PHILIPPINES

Two massive natural disasters – a 7.2 magnitude earthquake followed by Typhoon Haiyan, the largest typhoon ever to hit land – struck the Philippines in October and November 2013. These caused widespread devastation across this island nation, including to coastal communities and conservation projects run by ZSL and its partner Project Seahorse. Many of the hard-to-reach towns and villages in northern Cebu, Panay and Danajon Bank were overlooked by the national relief and recovery effort, so we organised our own emergency response, drawing on our local knowledge and strong relationships with communities. At several sites, ZSL staff were the first on the scene to assess the situation and provide food, water and other supplies. Thanks to an incredible response from project partners and the general public through an online campaign, we raised more than £60,000 to support our efforts. Our team are now busy rebuilding our marine conservation infrastructure and supporting the re-establishment of livelihoods. Our projects also proved their broader value: community MPAs AND MANGROVES groups established for mangrove conservation were central to the distribution of aid, while the collection of discarded fishing nets for our Net- In 2013, ZSL spearheaded a major shift in community-based marine Works recycling initiative continued uninterrupted, providing local people conservation in the central Philippines by integrating coastal with a sustainable source of income from the old nets. The importance of mangrove forests into marine protected areas (MPAs). To date, we have mangroves as bioshields against storms was also demonstrated, and we successfully implemented two new MPAs, and expanded four others are using this evidence to promote the rehabilitation of coastal green belts. in the islands of Bohol and Panay, resulting in a total of 2,176 hectares of habitat protected from human interference and exploitation. Typhoon Haiyan devastated Particularly notable is that, by combining mangroves with reef-based many fishing communities. MPAs to protect coastal ecosystems, the average size of an MPA was Above right: ZSL is working increased from just 10-30 hectares to approximately 435 hectares. to protect mangrove habitat The two new MPAs were legally ratified by communities and local government, management bodies have been established and trained at each site, and baseline biological surveys of the reefs, seagrasses and mangroves have been completed. Fish wardens trained as part of this project have already shown their value in enforcing these protected areas, with staff at the Aquino-Ondoy Marine Fish Sanctuary apprehending several violators, including an illegally moored cargo vessel that was fined 20,000 Philippine pesos (around £300). ZSL also took on responsibility for the new IUCN SSC Mangrove Specialist Group and hosted its inaugural meeting in London. This group aims to assess the conservation status of mangroves; identify, quantify and prioritise threats to these incredibly rich ecosystems; and develop plans to conserve the most threatened mangrove species and habitats. In 2014, ZSL will host a symposium titled ‘Turning the tide on mangroves’, at which the latest research will be presented by specialists from around the globe.

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Business for nature Twelve per cent of the world’s land is under the control of agribusiness – much of it in areas of high biodiversity. This makes engagement with relevant companies to mitigate the effects of their activities on wildlife an essential part of biodiversity conservation.

BEST PRACTICE IN THE PALM OIL INDUSTRY

Demand for palm oil, the world’s most widely used and versatile vegetable oil, continues to grow fast. While the income it generates can be key to lifting people out of poverty in countries such as Indonesia, irresponsible expansion of oil palm plantations and bad management practices can have seriously damaging effects on wildlife and on ecosystem health. ZSL works with the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO), an international multi-stakeholder organisation and certification scheme, to provide sound scientific advice, practical guidance and tools directly to the industry, aimed at increasing its sustainability. Headlines in 2013 expressed concerns that the sustainable palm oil standard set out by the RSPO was not working in practice, and ZSL and other progressive members within the RSPO took several steps to address these fears. We were able to secure clearer wording on growers’ responsibilities to manage high conservation value (HCV) areas on their land, and produced a threat monitoring system for HCVs to empower them to do so. We also supported the successful adoption of an RSPO Resolution ensuring that oil palm growers make their concession site boundary information publicly available; this move will make it much easier to ascertain who is responsible for illegal land-clearing and burning, which will make it far easier to prevent such damaging activities from happening in the future.

SUSTAINABLE PALM OIL ZSL’s Sustainable Palm Oil Platform at zsl.org/palmoil is a vital tool for the industry

26 ZSL CONSERVATION REVIEW 2013 “Net-Works is truly a ‘win-win’ project”

ZSL’s Net-Works project manager Dr Nick Hill explains how this unique initiative is helping humans and habitats at the same time:

“The Net-Works project is tackling the growing environmental problem of discarded fishing nets in the world’s poorest coastal communities and supporting our corporate partner Interface’s ambitious goals for recycled content in its carpet tiles. We’re working with Interface to pay local people in the Philippines a fair price for any old nets they collect, which then get recycled into nylon yarn for use in flooring. This inclusive business partnership, with its strong social benefits, is truly a ‘win-win’ project: the environment and marine life both benefit from the clear-up of discarded nets; local people not only earn money but also increase their future fishing yields due to healthier oceans; and the percentage of recycled content in Interface’s carpet tiles WILDLIFE increases. To date, 24,000kg of nets have been collected WOOD PROJECT and more than 1,500kg of nylon has been shipped to ZSL’s Wildlife Wood Project our recycling partner, Aquafil. Net-Works is now well works with forestry companies established in 26 villages around Danajon Bank in in Cameroon to ensure that they the Philippines and 892 households are participating protect wildlife in their concessions. We have helped our partner logging companies – earning enough money from every kilo of nets they SFID Rougier and Pallisco to develop wildlife collect to pay for two family meals, as well as gaining protection plans in almost 7,000sq km of access to financial services through the community timber concession. These plans make use of banks that Net-Works is helping to set up. In 2013, the SMART (Spatial Monitoring and Reporting Tool) anti-poaching software developed by Interface launched its innovative Net-Effect range of ZSL and its partners, and are put into action by carpets made with the recycled nylon, with events trained wildlife teams within each company’s in Chicago, Singapore and at ZSL in London.” workforce, which carry out anti-poaching Opposite, top left: Oil patrols with the local authorities. These patrols palm plantations are have led to seizures of huge quantities of illegal reshaping landscapes bushmeat, weapons, snares and motorbikes around the world. used by poachers, as well as the destruction of Bottom left: palm poaching camps. One patrol alone resulted in oil fruit harvested in the seizure of 10 firearms and 87 ammunition Africa. This page, top: cartridges. Even more significantly, information our Wildlife Wood gathered during this work has led to the arrest Project works with of three suspected ivory traffickers. Cameroon’s forest ZSL is also working closely with forest communities. Above, communities, responding to their desire to play inset: a logging a bigger role in protecting wildlife from illegal company wildlife poaching by outsiders. To this end, we have team collects data initiated community surveillance networks on illegal activities as a way of empowering people to keep an in the field. Right: Net- eye on their local wildlife and support law Works is tackling the enforcement at the same time. problem of waste nets

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Inspiring future generations Next-generation conservationists are crucial for the future of wildlife, and ZSL provides opportunities for all – from citizen science programmes in the UK (see page 10) and formal MSc courses and PhD supervision to overseas training courses for promising in-country conservation scientists.

CONNECT CHAGOS: PEOPLE AND WILDLIFE Connect Chagos, an initiative linking Britain’s Chagossian community (relocated from the Chagos Archipelago during the 1960s and 1970s) to their natural heritage, had its second successful year. The project is designed to raise awareness of Chagos’ huge biodiversity and conservation significance through community events and practical training courses. With support from more than 20 partner organisations, including the RSPB, Manchester Museum and Bangor University, a cohort of 11 Chagossian trainees embarked on a course covering the environment of the Chagos Archipelago, marine biology, terrestrial restoration and the communication of conservation. Meanwhile, ZSL staff continued work with the first year’s cohort of trainees, building advanced skills through activities ranging from expeditions to Madagascar – and Chagos itself – to UK-based training in EDGE CLASS OF 2013 chainsaw use and scuba diving. The first annual EDGE conservation leadership training course took place at ZSL London Zoo in September, welcoming six EDGE Fellows who are leading conservation projects for a range of Evolutionarily Distinct and Globally Endangered species in Africa, Asia and Europe. Lectures, practical sessions and one- to-one tutorials helped each student develop a draft survival blueprint for the species they are working with – from corals and amphibians to pangolins and antelopes. With such a diverse Our Chagossian trainees learned range of people, projects and wildlife, the hands-on skills. Right: EDGE Fellows course was one of the highlights of the year. in class (top) and in the field (inset) For more on EDGE and a taste of the class of 2013’s projects, turn to page 21.

STEPPE FORWARD TRAINING IN MONGOLIA GET INVOLVED Fifteen promising students and conservationists from Mongolia, Europe and the US attended our annual conservation training course For more on our at Batsümber, on the border between Mongolia’s steppe and taiga habitats. Held in collaboration with the National University of Mongolia training courses and as part of our joint Steppe Forward programme to empower early-career conservationists, this unique course provides plenty of practical training other opportunities, visit as well as academic lectures. In 2013, renowned Mongolian ornithologist zsl.org/conservation/ Professor Sundev Gombobaatar led a series of exercises on mist netting to safely capture birds, species identification, wildlife monitoring get-involved techniques and cutting-edge camera-trapping technology.

28 ZSL CONSERVATION REVIEW 2013 ZSL CONSERVATION REVIEW / PEOPLE AND PROJECTS

Fieldwork was carried out in 2013 with the pygmy three-toed sloth People and projects ZSL’s work around the world is indebted to a huge number of funders and partners. Find these, and a full list of our global conservation projects, in these pages.

30 OUR FUNDERS 34 OUR PROJECTS 31 OUR PARTNERS 38 GOVERNANCE

ZSL CONSERVATION REVIEW 2013 29 ZSL CONSERVATION REVIEW / PEOPLE AND PROJECTS Young Chagossians learn about conservation on a Connect Chagos family day Our funders Our thanks go out to all those who have generously funded ZSL’s work – from charities, trusts and foundations to

government agencies, academic bodies, Panton Trust The Mohamed bin Zayed Paradise Wildlife Park Species Conservation corporate partners and individual donors. Parc Zoologique de Thoiry Fund Parco Natura Viva – The Royal Foundation of 21st Century Tiger Denver Zoological Hess, Equatorial Guinea Inc Garda Zoological Park The Duke and Duchess Alison Janes Foundation Hippotigris People’s Postcode Trust of Cambridge and American Museum of Department for Holly Hill Trust People’s Trust for Prince Harry Natural History Environment, Food and Houston Zoo Endangered Species The Rufford Foundation Amur Leopard and Rural Affairs (Defra) I Vad Percy Sladen Memorial The Tellus Mater Tiger Alliance (ALTA) Disney Worldwide Interface Fund Foundation Animal Health and Conservation Fund International Institute Poznań Zoo The Waterloo Foundation Veterinary Laboratories Dreamworld Wildlife for Environment Programme de Promotion Thoiry-Peaugres Agency Foundation and Development de l’exploitation Conservation Antwerp Zoo Environment Agency Jenny and Robert Akester Certifiée des Forêts Thrigby Hall Wildlife Aquafil Environment and Jessica A Lewis Projet MSP d’appui à la Gardens Arcus Foundation Sustainable Joint Nature Conservation COMIFAC Thriplow Charitable Trust Auckland Zoo Management of Natural Committee Ranthambhore Trust/ Tierpark Chemnitz Banham Primary School Resources including Julie Horsfield Global Tiger Patrol Tigris Foundation Banham Zoo Energy (ENRTP) Knuthenborg Safari Park REA Kaltim Tropical Forestry Barbara Meyer Environment Canada Knuthenborg Zoo Rewilding Europe Conservation Action Ben Wadmore Ernest Kleinwort Kolmårdens Djurpark Roundtable on University College Berlin Zoo Aquarium Charitable Trust Kon Mij Dierkunde Sustainable Palm Oil London Biodiversity and Esmée Fairbairn Foundation Antwerp Royal Society University of Kent Agricultural Estate of Geoffrey Adams Kristiansand Dyrepark Royal Society for the US Fish and Wildlife Commodities European Association of La Fundación BIOPARC Protection of Birds (RSPB) Service Programme (BACP) Zoos and Aquaria Madelon Lyle RWE nPower Utah Zoological Blackpool Zoo (EAZA) Ape Mark A Crichton Sahara Conservation Fund Society Blue Ventures Conservation Fund Marwell Wildlife Saint Louis Zoological Van Tienhoven Bristol Zoo Gardens European Commission Minnesota Zoo Foundation Park Foundation for C Saunders Fauna & Flora International Natasha Lambert Salt Spring Forum International Nature Carbon Neutral Federal Reserve Bank National Geographic Saudi Wildlife Authority Protection Company Ltd of New York Society (SWA) Vodafone Group Carl E Robinson Fishmongers Company National Zoo and Sea-Changers Foundation Cecil King Memorial Fund Charitable Trust Aquarium Selfridges & Co Wellington Zoo Trust Chagos Conservation Trust Fondation Bertarelli Natural England Seoul Grand Park Zoo Whitley Fund for Nature Charity Advisory Trust Fondation Segré Nature Picture Library Simon Fraser University Wilderness Wildlife Trust Chemonics International Foreign and NaturZoo Rheine South East Asia Rainforest Wildlife Heritage Chocolaterie Guylian Commonwealth Office North of England Research Programme Foundation Belgium Fundación Bioparc Zoological Society (SEARRP) WWF International City of Greenville German International Ocean Park Conservation Stichting Vrienden WWF United Kingdom Conservation of Arctic Forest Policy Group Foundation, Hong Kong Safaripark WWV (WorldWide Flora and Fauna GIZ ACCCoast Initiative Oliver Slipper Stift Rovdjurscentrum Volunteering) Copenhagen Zoo GIZ GmbH Omaha’s Henry Doorly Designtorg Enterprises Ltd Crane Valley Partnership Google Impact Challenge Zoo & Aquarium Synchronicity Earth Zhanat Abdul Daniel Horsfield Government of Mongolia Otto Bruner The Clinton Foundation Zoo and Aquarium Darren Clarke Green Corridor Overseas Territories The Dorothy Howard Association (Australasia) Darwin Initiative Harmsworth Memorial Trust Directorate Charitable Trust Zoological Society of David Prynn Helsinki Zoo P Wheatley The Friends of Tallinn Zoo East Anglia

30 ZSL CONSERVATION REVIEW 2013 Our partners ZSL’s work would be impossible without support and assistance from a huge HRH The Prince of Wales number of international collaborations. and HRH The Duke of Cambridge with Professor Sir Patrick Bateson

Aaranyak Auburn University Brunel University Charles University Department of Adelphi University Bangor University Bureau of Fisheries and Chengdu Institute of Environment and African Wildlife Bat Conservation Trust Aquatic Resources Biology Natural Resources, Conservation Fund Berks, Bucks & Oxon (under the Department Cikananga Wildlife Center Philippines African Wildlife Foundation Wildlife Trust of Agriculture), Circumpolar Biodiversity Department of National American Museum of Bermuda Aquarium, Philippines Monitoring Program Parks and Wildlife Natural History Museum & Zoo CABI CITES (Convention on Conservation, Nepal Amigos de la Naturaleza y Bermuda Biological Station California Academy International Trade in Department of Primary del Desarrollo de Guinea for Research CephBase of Sciences Endangered Species) Industries and Fisheries, Ecuatorial (ANDEGE) Bioclimate, Research & Cambridge Consultants Monitoring the Illegal Australia Amphibian and Reptile Development Limited Cardiff University Killing of Elephants Desert Research Conservation Biodiversity Synthesis Carnegie Museum of programme Foundation of Namibia AMUR Center Natural History Clemson University Doga Dernegi Animal Health and BIOSCAPE Cenderawasih University, ClientEarth Downstream Research Veterinary Laboratories Bird Conservation Nepal Indonesia Clinton Foundation Group Agency BirdLife International Center for International Comisión Nacional para el Dreamworld Wildlife Applied Biomathematics Blue Marine Foundation Forestry Research Conocimiento y uso Foundation Arafura Timor Research Bombay Natural History Center za Kartografijo de la Biodiversidad Durrell Institute of Facility Society Favne, Slovenia Complutense University Conservation and Archipelago Consulting Botanic Gardens Centers for Disease Control of Madrid Ecology ArtDatabanken Conservation and Prevention, USA Conservation & Wildlife Durrell Wildlife Associação de Meio International Central Science Laboratory Management Unit, Conservation Trust Ambiente Brigham Young University Centre for Conservation Forestry Division, Ecoagriculture Association of Zoos & British Antarctic Survey and Research, Sri Lanka Sierra Leone Edith Cowan University Aquariums (AZA) British Embassy in Quito Centre for Ecology & Conservation International Elephant Conservation Australasian Regional British Indian Ocean Hydrology, NERC Conservation of Arctic Network Association of Zoos Territory Administration Centre for Environment, Flora & Fauna Environment Agency & Aquariums British Trust for Ornithology Fisheries & Aquaculture Consortium for Environment Agency of Science Conservation Medicine Abu-Dhabi Centre for People Convention on Biological Environmental Resources and Forests: Regional Diversity Management, Community Forestry Convention on Migratory Indonesia Training Centre Species Environmental Volunteer (RECOFTC) Coral Reef Degradation in Programme, Murcia Centre Régional the Indian Ocean Erie Zoo d’Enseignement David Shepherd Wildlife ERM Indonesia Spécialisé en Foundation ESCO-Kivu Agriculture Forêt-Bois Deakin University Essex Wildlife Trust Centro Internacional de Département de l’Étude Estado Plurinacional Ecologic Tropical du milieu naturel et de Bolivia Training local Chagos Conservation Trust agricole, Belgium European Association of conservation staff Chagos Environment Department for Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA) in Saudi Arabia Network Environment, Food and European Bird Census Charles Darwin University Rural Affairs (Defra), UK Council

ZSL CONSERVATION REVIEW 2013 31 ZSL CONSERVATION REVIEW / / PEOPLEPEOPLE AND AND PROJECTS PROJECTS

European Environment Institut Congolais pour IUCN SSC Freshwater Agency la Conservation Mollusc Specialist Faruk Yalçın Zoo de la Nature Group Fauna & Flora International Institut National IUCN SSC Giraffe and Fundacion Noel Agronomique Okapi Specialist Group Kempff Mercado Paris-Grignon IUCN SSC Odonata FishBase Institute of Biology at the Specialist Group Fondation Bertarelli Mongolian Academy IUCN SSC Shark Specialist Forest Restoration of Sciences Group Training Cameroon’s SFID Research Unit (FORRU), Institute of Botany, IUCN Sustainable Use Rougier forestry company Chiang Mai University The Chinese Academy Specialist Group staff in wildlife monitoring Forestry & Wildlife of Sciences IUCN World Commission Division, Dominica Institute of Ecology and on Protected Areas Forestry Training Institute, Biological Resources, Jambi Forestry Regional Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources Liberia Vietnam Office Resettlement, Namibia Conservation Agency Frankfurt Zoological Society Institute of Hydrobiology, Jambi REDD+ Provincial Ministry of the Jambi Froglife Chinese Academy Commission Environment, Water Naturalis Fundacion Noel Kempff of Sciences Joint Nature Conservation and Fisheries, Chad Nature Protection Trust Mercado Instituto Multidisciplinario Committee Minnesota Zoo Foundation Seychelles Galapagos Conservation Sobre Ecosistemas y Kenya Wildlife Service Missouri Botanical Garden NatureServe Trust Desarrollo Sustentable King’s College London Monash University New York State Galapagos National Park Instituto Nacional de Kingston University Museo Nacional de Diagnostic Lab Game and Fisheries Desarrollo Forestal y KKI WARSI Ciencias Naturales New Zealand Department Research, Finland Manejo del Sistema Kunming Institute Museo Regionale of Conservation Giraffe Conservation de Áreas Protegidas, of Zoology di Scienze Naturali, Njala University, Foundation Equatorial Guinea La Trobe University Madagascar Sierra Leone Gita Buana Association (INDEFOR-AP) Land Owners’ Restore Musim Mas Nong Ped Sub-District Gobabeb Training & Interface Rainforest in Sri Lanka National Agricultural Communities, Thailand Research Centre International Association (LORRIS) Research Foundation, North Carolina State Gobierno Autonomo of Astacology Lazovsky State Greece Museum of Natural Departmental del Beni International Centre for Nature Reserve National Autonomous Sciences Government of Jambi, Birds of Prey Liberian Forestry University of Mexico North Carolina Zoo Indonesia International Fund for Development Authority National Museum of North of England Government of Montserrat Animal Welfare, Russia London School of History Seychelles Zoological Society – Government of Seychelles International Institute Economics and National Museum of Chester Zoo Government of St Vincent for Environment and Political Science Natural History of Spain Northern Michigan and the Grenadines Development Lukuru Foundation National Museum of University Greenpeace UK International Union Maasai Wilderness Nature & Science, North-West University Griffith University for Conservation of Conservation Trust Tokyo Office fédéral de Group on Earth Nature (IUCN) Macquarie University National Museums l’environnement, Observations Secretariat Iridium Makerere University of Kenya Switzerland Guiyang University IUCN Commission on Marine Conservation National Oceanic and Okapi Conservation Project Hacettepe University Environmental, Society Atmospheric Open University of Sri Lanka Hellenic Centre for Marine Economic and Marine Environmental Association Original Beans Research – Institute of Social Policy Monitoring National Resources Oxford Brookes University Inland Waters IUCN Freshwater Massey University Conservation Agency Paignton Zoo Helmholtz Center for Assessment Medway Valley Jambi Environmental Park Environmental Research IUCN Freshwater Fish Countryside National Science Panthera Helsinki Zoo Specialist Group Partnership Foundation, USA Pensthorpe Conservation Hokkaido Fisheries IUCN Global Mammal Millennium Challenge National Taiwan Ocean Trust Experimental Station Assessment Account Indonesia University People’s Trust for Humboldt State University IUCN Global Marine Ministère des Forêts et National Trust for Endangered Species Hunan Fishery Science Species Assessment de la Faune de la Nature Conservation PEW Charitable Trusts Research Institute IUCN Global Reptile République du (NTNC), Nepal Philipps-Universität Marburg IFC Assessment Cameroun National University of Phoenix Fund Illinois Natural History Survey IUCN Species Survival Ministry of Environment Ireland, Galway Pitcairn Island Government Imperial College London Commission (SSC) and Tourism, Namibia National University of Primorskii State Indonesia REDD+ Task IUCN SSC Afrotheria Ministry of Forestry, Mongolia Agricultural Academy Force Specialist Group Indonesia Natural England Prince of Songkla University

32 ZSL CONSERVATION REVIEW 2013 Project Seahorse Swedish Species UK Trust for Nature University of Edinburgh WCS International Foundation for Marine Information Centre Conservation in Nepal University of Exeter WCS Mongolia Conservation Swiss Federal Institute (UKTNCN) University of Guam WCS Russia Queen Mary University for Forest, Snow and UNEP World Conservation University of Hong Kong WCS Thailand of London Landscape Research Monitoring Centre University of Kansas West University of Queen’s University Belfast Taita Taveta Wildlife Forum United for Wildlife University of Kent Timisoara RAMAS IUCN Sampled Taman Nasional Berbak Universidad de Chile University of Kuopio White Oak Conservation Red List Index Taman Safari Indonesia Universidad de Guayaquil University of KwaZulu-Natal Holdings LLC Rewilding Europe Tanzania Forest Universidad de Las University of Leeds Whitley Wildlife Royal Botanic Garden Conservation Group Palmas de Gran Canaria University of Liberia Conservation Trust Edinburgh Tanzania National Parks Universidad de Puerto Rico University of Liverpool WildTeam Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Tarangire Elephant Project Universidad de University of Minnesota Wildlife Clubs of Seychelles Royal Holloway University TAWIRI Tanzania Wildlife Quintana Roo University of Missouri Wildlife Institute of India of London Research Institute Universidad Nacional University of Montpellier Wildlife Trust of Bangladesh Royal Society for the Technical University of de Colombia University of Oxford Wildlife Vets International Protection of Birds (RSPB) Denmark Universidade de Aveiro University of Prešov Wilmar International Royal Veterinary College Technische Universität Universidade do Vale University of Queensland Working Dogs for RWE nPower Braunschweig do Itajaí University of Reading Conservation Sahara Conservation Fund Teesside University Universidade Lúrio University of Sheffield World Association of Zoos Saudi Wildlife Authority Texas A&M University Università di Firenze University of St Andrews and Aquariums (WAZA) ScarabNet Thai Department of Universität Salzburg University of Surrey Worldwide Dragonfly Scottish Agricultural College National Parks, Wildlife Université de Poitiers University of Sussex Association Sea Mammal Research Unit and Plant Conservation Université de Savoie University of Tasmania World Parrot Trust Sea-Scope Marine The Clinton Foundation Universite de Yaoundé I University of Washington Wuyuan Forestry Bureau, Environment Consultants The Herpetological University College Cork University of Western China Selfridges & Co Conservation Trust University College London Australia WWF Canada Seychelles Islands The Louis Berger Group University Koblenz-Landau University of York WWF Central African Foundation The Nature Conservancy University of Aberdeen University of Zurich Regional Programme Seychelles National Parks The Open University University of Adelaide Univerza v Ljubljani Office Authority of Sri Lanka University of Agricultural US Department of WWF Eastern Africa Shaanxi Normal University The Royal Foundation of Sciences and Veterinary Agriculture Forest Service Regional Programme Simon Fraser University The Duke and Duchess Medicine US Fish and Wildlife Service Office SIPEF of Cambridge and University of Alberta US Forest Service WWF International SMART Partnership Prince Harry University of Aveiro US Geological Survey WWF Kenya Smithsonian National The University of the University of Birmingham Veterinary Services WWF Netherlands Museum of Natural West Indies University of British Division, Dominica WWF Turkey History The University of Columbia Vienna Zoo WWF UK Sociedad Ornitológica Western Australia University of California Warwick University Zirichiltaggi – Sardinia de la Hispaniola Tigris Foundation University of Cambridge Wildlife Conservation Wildlife Conservation Société Audubon Haïti Tour du Valat University of Colombo Society (WCS) Zoo Aquarium Association Société Forestière et TRAFFIC International University of Delhi WCS Democratic Republic Zoological Museum – Industrielle de la Doumé Tsaobis Leopard Park University of Dhaka of Congo University of Société Pallisco UC Davis School of University of Dundee WCS Europe Copenhagen South African National Veterinary Medicine University of East Anglia WCS Indonesia Zov Tigra National Park Biodiversity Institute Species 2000 Our 2013 EDGE St Petersburg Scientific Fellows training Research Center course in Kenya State University of New York Station d’Ecologie Expérimentale du CNRS à Moulis Statistics Netherlands Steppe Forward Stony Brook University Swedish Board of Fisheries Swedish Museum of Natural History

ZSL CONSERVATION REVIEW 2013 33 ZSL CONSERVATION REVIEW / PEOPLE AND PROJECTS

Our projects From tackling human-tiger conflict to conserving garden birds, ZSL has been working on hundreds of projects around the planet in 2013. Find them all here.

EAZA (European amphibian conservation INTERNATIONAL Association of programmes 21st Century Tiger Zoos and Aquaria) IUCN Anguillid Specialist Abdim’s stork European Terrestrial Invertebrate Sub-Group A team-building weekend StudBook (ESB) Taxon Advisory Group IUCN National Red List for our Connect Chagos Amur leopard European ( TAG) Alliance environmental trainees Breeding Programme EAZA Elephant TAG IUCN Red List Technical (EEP) EAZA Falconiformes TAG Working Group Amur leopard Global EAZA Fish & Aquatic IUCN Sampled Red disease for the global Wildlife Wood Project Species Management Invertebrate TAG List Index trade and conservation (see page 27) Plan (GSMP) EAZA Toucan & Turaco TAG Nile lechwe EEP of amphibians Chad: Amur tiger EEP EDGE of Existence: Partula snail GSMP UK Bushmeat Working Pan Sahara Wildlife Survey Anthropogenic drivers conservation priorities Pied hornbill ESB Group Reintroduction of of emerging infectious for Evolutionary Predicting vertebrate scimitar-horned oryx to diseases Distinct and Globally population trends AFRICA the Ouadi Rimé-Ouadi Bermuda land snail Endangered mammals from space Achim Faunal Reserve conservation EDGE Amphibians Project Mosi Botswana: Democratic Republic of Bioclimate EDGE Birds Project Ocean Addressing information Congo (DRC): Black hornbill ESB EDGE Conservation Promise of a healthy needs for cheetah: Building capacity for Blue-throated macaw Leadership planet preventing current wildlife monitoring and ZSL/World Parrot Trust EDGE Corals Range-wide conservation declines and identifying management in and repatriation project EDGE Fellows training programme for cheetah recovery areas around protected areas Building a framework for course (see page 28) and wild dog African lion population of eastern DRC sustainable development EDGE Mammals Regional Red List Network genetics in a changing Ecosystem-wide forest and poverty EDGE Sharks Regional Red List landscape conservation in DRC Chestnut-backed Evaluating the alternative Programme Cameroon: using okapi as a flagship thrush ESB livelihood approach Rewilding Europe Community-based Phylogeography, Climate change and to improving the Spatial global biodiversity conservation for population genetics amphibians sustainability of modelling in the livelihood development and conservation of the Current and future bushmeat hunting in context of data in Lake Ossa Manatee okapi (okapia johnstoni) conservation status West and Central Africa uncertainty Reserve Equatorial Guinea: of European bats Evolution and Sumatran tiger EEP EDGE Fellow: Working with communities Development of a diversification of ants Sumatran tiger GSMP conservation of to evaluate, test and regional database to Frégate island beetle EEP Systematic review of Cameroon’s caecilians implement potential inform policy on wild From global patterns to alternative livelihoods Empowering local bushmeat alternatives meat use in West and regional impacts: the and biodiversity communities for Ethiopia: Central Africa influence of climate conservation for improved potential Population genetic units Developing next change on the causes evidence-based policy bushmeat alternatives in the Ethiopian wolf generation indicators of and consequences of Testing the ‘Out of Forest elephant Ghana: biodiversity change for alien bird invasions Africa’ hypothesis conservation EDGE Fellow: population 2010 and beyond Global palm oil for the emergence Protecting the Dja size and population Development and Golden lion tamarin EEP of lethal amphibian Conservation Complex genetics of the critically implementation of the Impacts of extractive chytridiomycosis in Cameroon (see endangered Togo Living Planet Index industries in protected Toco toucan ESB page 13) slippery frog Dynamics of species areas The implications of an Sustainable palm oil and Monitoring bushmeat extinctions Improving the impact of emerging infectious biodiversity conservation imports from Africa

34 ZSL CONSERVATION REVIEW 2013 community-managed The CUT plan for large The ecology of the marine areas in coastal carnivore management Hispaniolan solenodon Mozambique in Tanzania and Hispaniolan hutia in Namibia: The long-term agricultural and native Addressing information demography of the forest systems in the needs for cheetah: Serengeti cheetah Dominican Republic preventing current population Ecuador: declines and identifying Tunisia: Building capacity and recovery areas Pan Sahara Wildlife Survey determining disease Environment change and Sahelo-Saharan antelope threats to endemic its perception in riparian Zimbabwe: Galapagos taxa ecosystems – a case Carnival of the Carnivores: Mexico: study and development a 35-minute cantata Fish Net Mexico of a new policy- for narrator, choir and Improving the impact of planning tool instrumental forces amphibian conservation Major Histocompatibility programmes Complex (MHC), AMERICAS Predicting the influence parasite loads, and of climate change on mate choice in desert Argentina: bat communities and baboons Effects of agricultural the effectiveness of The role of social intensification on protected areas to Europe: refining EDGE Fellow: information in bird and mammal in Mexico methods, establishing conservation mediating individual biodiversity in Chaco, Montserrat: scale and evaluating assessment of the fitness and population Argentina Enabling Montserrat threats critically endangered dynamics, and the Bahamas: to save the critically Social and ecological Du Toit’s torrent frog consequences for the EDGE Fellow: endangered mountain dynamics of the (Petropedetes dutoiti) conservation of social empowering youth chicken (see page 24) bushmeat trade: Improving the impact of species through coral Panama: commodity chains and amphibian conservation Understanding and conservation Conserving the pygmy sustainability programmes mitigating the impacts Brazil: three-toed sloth Guinea: Instant Wild 2 (see page 18) of environmental CATS – Change and West Africa seahorse Quantifying the effects change on social species Adaptability in the ASIA ecology and trade of environmental Niger: Tropics. Felids adaptation Kenya: disturbance on Pan Sahara Wildlife Survey to a changing world Bangladesh: Addressing information community interactions Senegal: Mammal diversity and soil An evaluation of the needs for cheetah: using camera traps West Africa seahorse functional integrity status, and methods for preventing current Sagalla caecilian ecology and trade across habitat gradients. monitoring the Ganges declines and identifying Samburu-Laikipia Wild Seychelles: A case study in Iguaçu, River Dolphin (Platanista recovery areas Dog Project A cutting-EDGE approach southern Brazil gangetica) in southern Aders’ duiker conservation SMART (see page 18) to saving Seychelles’ Chile: Bangladesh in northern coastal Liberia: evolutionarily distinct Improving the impact of Bangladesh Aquatic Project forests of Kenya Building capacity of biodiversity amphibian conservation Communication, BASE the next generation of Sierra Leone: programmes Education and Public Black rhino conservation Liberian conservation Pygmy hippo conservation Columbia: Awareness (CEPA) Climate change, drought professionals Tanzania: EDGE Fellow: ecology and in Bangladesh impacts and the Pygmy hippo conservation Addressing information conservation of Community Action coexistence of people Madagascar: needs for cheetah: Handley’s slender – Bangladesh Tiger and large predators in EDGE Fellow: preliminary preventing current mouse opossum Programme East African rangelands assessment of the declines and identifying Dominica: EDGE Fellow: quantifying Community-based population status of recovery areas Amphibian conservation and reducing by-catch conservation with the Horastrea indica in Implementation of a in the Caribbean: and consumption of Maasai Wilderness south-west Madagascar national plan for implementation South Asian river dolphins Conservation Trust Improving the impact of carnivore conservation of a regional Research and monitoring EDGE Corals amphibian conservation in Tanzania management plan – Bangladesh Tiger EDGE Fellow: causes programmes Improving the impact of Mountain chicken Programme and consequences Mozambique: amphibian conservation conservation Chagos Archipelago, of landscape change Securing marine programmes Dominican Republic: British Overseas for hirola populations biodiversity through Namib Carnivore Mammal extinctions Territory: in Ijara sustainably financed and Conservation Centre in the West Indies Conservation of the

ZSL CONSERVATION REVIEW 2013 35 ZSL CONSERVATION REVIEW / PEOPLE AND PROJECTS

and Dokhu villages of Taplejung District Increasing tiger numbers in Parsa wildlife reserve Long-term management plan for the mitigation of invasive alien plants in Chitwan National Park Nepal Regional Red Lists Strengthening security in Bardia National Park Philippines: Community-based Mangrove Our Net-Works project Rehabilitation Project in the Philippines is (see page 25) incentivising communities EDGE Fellow: conserving to collect old fishing nets the endangered corals of Polillo Island Chagos Archipelago Grassland management Oil palm and biodiversity Field Guide to the EDGE Fellow: coral reef (see page 12) in Manas National Park Saving Sumatran swamps: Mammals of conservation in the The effects of large Integrated river dolphin linking carbon credits Mongolia Pacific Municipalities, marine reserves on conservation for and biodiversity Human/wildlife conflict, Southern Leyte pelagic migratory sustainable ecosystem conservation in wellbeing and iSeahorse (see page 10) species: Chagos services in the Indonesia economic opportunity: Marine reserves and as a case study Brahmaputra SMART coexisting with community banking China: Monitoring tigers, large Sustainable palm oil carnivores in the Net-Works Conservation of mammals and human biodiversity conservation Gobi Desert Project Seahorse Yangtze River wildlife conflict in India Tackling wildlife Mongolian Regional (see page 10) cetaceans SMART crime in Red Lists Russian Federation: Conserving the Chinese Tiger conservation and Berbak-Sembilang Monitoring the Amur Leopard and giant salamander dam development in Tiger assessment and Gobi bear Tiger Alliance (ALTA) (see page 20) the tribal forests of protection in Berbak- (see page 16) coordination Ecological and Northeast India Sembilang Safeguarding the Gobi Amur leopard GSMP behavioural constraints Vulture conservation in Tiger conservation ecosystem Amur leopards and on recovery of small India and Nepal in Berbak-Sembilang Summer field course wildlife health populations: the Indonesia: landscape, East-Central (see page 28) Amur tiger conservation Hainan gibbon as a Assessing the cultural and Sumatra The Great Gobi: in the Russian Far East conservation case biological values of Japan: implementation of (see page 12) study large highland lakes Improving the impact an ecosystem-level Russian wildlife health Improving the impact of in Papua, Indonesia of amphibian monitoring programme monitoring unit amphibian Berbak Carbon Value conservation The Mongolian Steppe Saudi Arabia: conservation Initiative programmes Forward programme King Khalid Wildlife programmes Corporate Conservation Malaysia: Wildlife Picture Index Research Center India: Complex Mammalian community Nepal: (see page 13) Conserving large Fire-fighting initiatives in structure and dynamics An integrated approach Sri Lanka: herbivores in a Berbak National Park across spatio-temporal to community-based Conservation of red human-dominated Indonesia: identifying gradients of land-use conservation in Bardia slender loris landscape in the and tackling intensity in Malaysian National Park Thinking outside reserves: north-western Terai social barriers to Borneo (see page 8) long-term Asian Arc Landscape conservation, Berbak- Mongolia: Anti-poaching task force elephant conservation EDGE Fellow: Sembilang Conserving the wild in Chitwan National in human-dominated conservation of Kerala tiger conservation Bactrian camel Park landscapes Indian frog through landscape Convention on Biological EDGE Fellow: Thailand: intensive field surveys Mitigating the effects of Diversity (CBD) 5th conservation of Salakpra Elephant Project: and community tiger-human conflict National Report for Chinese pangolin conflict monitoring and participation in Indonesia Mongolia in Nangkholyang alleviation; community

36 ZSL CONSERVATION REVIEW 2013 and livelihoods; Ireland: Eel citizen science Monitoring bushmeat PACIFIC & elephant conservation Determining the project in the imports from Africa and monitoring; overwintering Thames catchment to Europe: refining AUSTRALASIA habitat protection distribution of Atlantic (see page 10) methods, establishing Antarctica: and connectivity puffins,Fratercula arctica, Elver monitoring in the scale and evaluating Antarctic monitoring Vietnam: breeding in Ireland River Thames threats Penguin Lifelines – Conservation breeding Italy: catchment Monitoring movement conservation of of saola (see page 24) Conservation of the Environmental DNA of yellow/silver eels penguins around the EDGE Fellow: developing Mediterranean (eDNA) analysis using ARIS and DIDSON Southern Ocean release protocols for common dolphin for early detection technology French Polynesia: fully rehabilitated, Ecological and genetic of marine invasive Monitoring yellow and Partula field conservation trade-confiscated determinants of non-native species silver eels in the programme Sunda pangolins Batrachochytrium in the Thames North Kent Marshes New Zealand: (Manis javanica) dendrobatidis Fen raft spider captive- Native oyster (Ostrea Ecology and evolution of Identifying priority emergence in rearing project edulis) conservation introduced avian areas for conservation European amphibian Fish monitoring in and habitat restoration malaria of saola (Pseudoryx populations the Thames in the UK Micro-evolutionary nghetinhensis) using Is disease an undetected Fish Net Public marine mammal response to climate local ecological extinction threat to the London sighting surveys change in wild knowledge endangered Sardinian Garden Wildlife in the Thames populations Vietnamese giant newt? Health (see page 11) Sexual selection and the magnolia snail Spain: Identifying emerging River Loose eel hihi: an investigation of project (see Angel shark conservation disease threats to translocation population limitation in page 24) in the Canary Islands UK newts project an endangered bird Ecological and genetic Improving the impact Spoonbill sandpiper The independent and EUROPE determinants of of amphibian species recovery interactive effects Batrachochytrium conservation Thames Harbour Seal of multiple stressors Azerbaijan: dendrobatidis programmes Conservation on reproduction Feasibility study for emergence in Investigation into the Project and development the restoration of European amphibian causes and prevalence The health of adder in cetaceans the Caucasian leopard populations of transgender (Vipera berus) Pitcairn Islands, British in Azerbaijan Improving the impact toads in the Fens of populations Overseas Territory: Croatia: of amphibian Cambridgeshire in England Developing a sustainable EDGE Fellow: Proteus conservation London invasive species Tidal Thames marine and fisheries anguinus in Croatia – programmes monitoring Conservation management plan for conservation research Mitigating the emergence Metapopulation genetics Project the Pitcairn Islands project plan of Batrachochytrium in Mauritius pink Using the otter as a (see page 13) France: dendrobatidis in the pigeons – developing model species Solomon Islands: Demography of lethal red-listed Mallorcan a long-term genetic to investigate Ecosystem service disease: quantifying midwife toad management biomagnification provision and adaptive the population-level Turkey: strategy to support of pharmaceuticals in co-management in cost of infection with Developing national conservation the environment the Solomon Islands Batrachochytrium measures of dendrobatidis in biodiversity change Pyrenean populations Fish Net Turkey ZSL has been installing of common midwives United Kingdom: Instant Wild monitoring (Alytes obstetricans) A study to examine the cameras around the world Ecological and genetic interactions between determinants of cattle and badgers Batrachochytrium British field cricket dendrobatidis conservation emergence in Cetacean strandings European amphibian around the UK coast populations Corncrake breeding for Greece: reintroduction Fish Net Greece Disease risk analysis and Greenland: health surveillance for Community responses the Species Recovery to trawling impact Programme

ZSL CONSERVATION REVIEW 2013 37 ZSL CONSERVATION REVIEW / GOVERNANCE

ZSL helped distribute aid to Philippines coastal communities after 2013’s earthquake and typhoon

Matthew Hatchwell EDGE FELLOWS Professor Heribert Hofer Governance Kate Humble Abdullahi Hussein Ali Dr Jonathan Hutton Sylvanna Antat ZSL’s conservation work is the combined Dr Anwarul Islam Caleb Ofori Boateng Dr Lucas Joppa Radonirina effort of countless dedicated individuals – Professor David Botosoamananto our thanks go out to our students, interns, Macdonald Francoise Cavada Professor Georgina Mace Daira Ximena Chávarro volunteers and collaborators, along with Professor Jessica Meeuwig Chen Shu Dr Maurus Msuha Manish Datta our permanent staff. Edward Norton Justine Gwegime Dr Timothy O’Brien Dušan Jelić ZSL FIELD Professor Lord Sir Professor Katherine Dr John Robinson Ambika Khatiwada CONSERVATION John Krebs FRS Homewood Professor Alex Rogers Lv Jingcai ADVISORY Katherine Secoy Professor E J Milner-Gulland Dr Yvonne Sadovy James Mougal COMMITTEE Jessica Sweidan Professor Paul Watson Claudio Segré Jacob Ngwava Paul Udall Professor Charles Dr Karla Pelz Serrano Dr Robin Bidwell CBE (Chair) Dr Chris West HONORARY Sheppard Grace Quiton James Arbib Professor Kathy Willis CONSERVATION Dr Simon Stuart Diana Renaud Ralph Armond James Wren FELLOWS Kerry ten Kate Ditto dela Rosa Professor Jonathan Baillie James Thornton Nikita Shiel-Rolle Professor Tim Blackburn HONORARY Rosalind Aveling Dr Woody Turner Dr Diorene Smith Barnaby Briggs RESEARCH Dr Arlo Brady Dr John Veron Cabellos Adeline Diab FELLOWS Dr Glyn Davies Dr Amanda Vincent Marcel Talla Kouete Tomas Jelf Dr Emmanuel de Mérode Alannah Weston Tran Quang Phuong Stanley Johnson Professor Tim Coulson Dr Nick Dulvy Nigel Winser Dr Yan Fang Dr Heather Koldewey Professor Christl Donnelly Dr Charles Foley Jochen Zeitz Zhou Feng

38 ZSL CONSERVATION REVIEW 2013 Patron Publication acknowledgements Her Majesty The Queen Design and editorial coordination: Think

Managing editors: Sarah Christie, ZSL Council Members 2013 Nicola Kelly, Caroline Lockwood Editorial consultant: Claire Sargent President: Professor Sir Patrick Bateson FRS Designers: Shelley Varley, Nikki Ackerman Senior sub-editor: Gemma Dean Secretary: Professor Geoff Boxshall FRS © Zoological Society of London and Treasurer: Paul Rutteman CBE contributors 2014. All rights reserved. ISSN: 2049-7261 This review is printed on 100% recycled Vice presidents: paper. We extend our thanks to ZSL Michael Bird staff and other colleagues for the use of photographs, including: Abdullahi Hussein Professor Anna Meredith Ali/ZSL, Hem Baral/ZSL, Jo Barker/ZSL, Tom Butynski, Smita Chandra/ZSL, Claudio Contreras Koob/iLCP, Marc Dethier/ZSL, Sheila Anderson MBE George Duffield/Blue Marine Foundation, Richard Melville Ballerand* Oliver Fankem/ZSL, Matthew Gollock/ZSL, Sarah Griffin/ZSL, Interface, Kathryn Jeffs, Dr Brian Bertram Linda Kerley/ZSL, Heather Koldewey/ZSL, Martin Cooke+ National Trust for Nature Conservation/ZSL, Cassandra Murray/ZSL, Nisha Owen/ZSL, John Edwards Chris Ransom/ZSL, Lauren Redmore/ZSL, Ray Heaton Ben Stiefelhagen/Guylian Seahorses of the World, Ben Tapley/ZSL, Clement Toh/ZSL, Ken Livingstone+ Craig Turner/ZSL, Tim Wacher/ZSL, Dr Ruth Padel Carly Waterman/ZSL, Torsten Wronski, Michael Zrust Elizabeth Passey* Cover photo: Temminck’s pangolin © Dr Maggie Redshaw+ Scott and Judy Hurd (h4urd.co.uk) Mark Ridgway* Sean Rovai Robert Wingate

* to 18 June 2013 + from 18 June 2013 Contact Us ZSL Supporter Services ZSL Directors 0844 225 1826 Conservation Programmes Director General: Ralph Armond The Zoological Society of London Regent’s Park Conservation Programmes Director: Professor Jonathan Baillie London Institute of Zoology Director: Professor Tim Blackburn NW1 4RY zsl.org/conservation Zoological Director: David Field Registered charity in Human Resources Director: Ian Meyrick England and Wales: no 208728 Finance Director: Mike Russell Commercial and Communications Director: Rich Storton Development Director: James Wren

ZSL CONSERVATION REVIEW 2013 39 ZSL Conservation Review CONSERVATION REVIEW 2013 2013

The Zoological Society of London Registered Charity in England and Wales: no 208728 zsl.org

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ZSL Whipsnade Zoo Dunstable Bedfordshire LU6 2LF

For a closer look at ZSL’s work, look out for our other annual publications at zsl.org/about-us/annual-reports

ZSL The Year in Review 2013 ZSL Institute of Zoology Our annual overview of the year, Review 2012/13 featuring our zoos, fieldwork, All our research activities, science, engagement activities collaborations, publications and and ways to get involved. funding in one yearly report.