ENGLISH Naturopa N° 84-1997
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Naturopa 84-IW7 ENGLISH Naturopa N° 84-1997 Editorial A. Merkel 3 Naturopa is the environmental magazine Principles and actors of the Council of Europe. It is published Tourism and the challenge of sustainaibility F. Frangialli _ 4 three times a year in four languages: Eng- lish, French, German and Italian. Integrating sustainable principles Council of Europe. Centre Naturopa, F-67075 Strasbourg Cedex in the development of tourist projects A. Ellul 5 Tel: 33-3 88 41 22 78 A few concepts and definitions S. Blangy 7 Fax: 33-3 88 41 27 15 Respect for sites and local populations Chief editor: Interview C. Pinto _ g Jean-Pierre Ribaut A collective challenge 5. Thibal g Co-operation and assistance Conception and editing: The Council of Europe's programmes H. Bouguessa 10 Marie-Françoise Glatz Application and management tools e-mail: [email protected] Environmental assessment C. Zysberg 11 This issue's special adviser: Cleaner production in tourism Anne Herberich From theory to practice O. Perera ] 2 Consultant Secretary of the European Environmental The European Prize: reinforcing Management Association (EEMA ) the tourism/environment relationship M. Vanden Abeele _ La Chapelle Aiming for quality tourism F-38710 Mens Environmental awards H. Hamele 14 A European Charter for parks S. Vautier 15 Production: Artegrafica Silva s.r.l., Parma, Italy Role of training, education and awareness-raising Articles may be freely reprinted provided How to train tourism professionals M.Wagéus 18 that reference is made to the source and a Are you familiar with the cultural copy sent to the Centre Naturopa. The copyright of all photographs is reserved. routes of Europe? M. Thomas-Penette 19 Lesiure activities and the environment: a winning combination! The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not neces- An awareness-raising campaign in the Walloon Region P. Jouret _ 20 sarily reflect the views of the Council of Europe. Help for projects Financing sustainable tourism A. Hórhager 21 Next issue's theme: Nature conservation and land use problems ProtectinPractical gEuropea the assetn sUnio uponn supporwhich ttouris m thrives M. Vanden Abeele 22 A few projects Since 1993 Naturopa has been printed on chlorine- and wood-free paper. Steps towards sustainable tourism in Greece D. Matthews 23 The National Trust and sustainable tourism M. Drury 24 Rural tourism in Taramundi E. Lastra Pérez 25 A selective bibliography on sustainable tourism development, as well as a booklet The Abruzzi National Park "Tourism and environment" in the Ecodevelopment and ecotourism F. Tassi 26 "Questions and answers" series, are A Green Label on the island of Hiiumaa T. and R. Kokovkin _ 27 available, free of charge, upon request to the Centre Naturopa. New perspectives Sustainable tourism and employment C.-M. Mo 28 Cover page, from top to bottom: Towards new solutions P. Keller 29 P. Carbiener, X. Varela Vilaririo, Molavi/Sipa Image Pages 16-17: A. Nouailhat At the Council of Europe Intergovernmental activities on tourism and environment F. Bauer and J.-P. Ribaut 30 Editorial Sustainable tourism development - Between 1900 and 1990, for instance, as well as relevant associations and interna- Europe lost around 43% of its sand dunes to tional organisations, to an international con- tourism, with the figure being as high as 75- ference on biological diversity and tourism in 80% in some Mediterranean countries. Berlin from 6 to 8 March 1997. - The amount of land used for tourism is huge; according to the "Blue Plan" for the Mediter- The "Berlin Declaration " adopted at the con- ranean region, on the north-west Mediter- ference reflects the first ever global consensus ranean coastline alone, 4 400 km2 are taken on the principles of sustainable tourism which up by tourist accommodation and related respects both the environment and nature. The infrastructures. key principles are: - In the Alps, too, which are visited by around 50 million tourists a year, valuable natural - Sustainable tourism allows for the rational environments are having to give way to build- use of biological diversity and can contribute ing and development projects. to the preservation of that diversity. - The development of tourism must be con- ow ism has grown into one of the world's trolled and carefully managed so that it major industries and has thus also There is growing recognition of the need for remains sustainable. become an increasingly important, if tourism to develop in a sustainable and envi- - Particular attention must be paid to tourism rcomplex, issue for environmental policy. ronmentally friendly manner. Many countries in ecologically and culturally sensitive areas, Unless it is developed in a sustainable man- have, for instance, introduced regulations where mass tourism should be avoided. ner, we will be unable to achieve key objec- which require environmental impact surveys - All parties concerned, including in particu- tives of global environmental policy such as to be carried out at least for larger tourist lar the private sector, have a part to play in the preservation of biological diversity, the developments. Since the Rio Summit in 1992, bringing about the sustainable development prevention of climate change or the conserva- there have also been more initiatives in sup- of tourism, and voluntary initiatives (codes of tion of natural resources. port of sustainable tourism at international level. The European Union and the Council of conduct, quality labels) should be encour- aged. Tourism itself depends a lot on the existence Europe have developed specific activities in - Particular importance should be attached to of unspoilt nature and landscapes, as well as this area. In 1995, the United Nations Envi- the local level, which is not only responsible a healthy environment. If nature is plundered, ronment Programme ( UNEP. Paris) published for the sustainable development of tourism landscapes are destroyed or water, energy and for the first time a collection of the environ- but should also derive particular benefit from soil resources are over-exploited, the eco- mental guidelines in existence throughout the tourism. nomic basis of tourism is also undermined. world for the tourist sector. In April 1995, The needs of tourism do therefore overlap Unesco held a world conference on sustain- The "Berlin Declaration" is now being fed with those of environmental protection and able tourism in Lanzarote, in co-operation into the conference process of the States Par- nature conservation. with the Spanish Government. The partici- pants adopted an 18-point Charter for Sus- lies to llie Convention on Biological Diversity with a view to achieving world-wide agree- However, many trends in tourism are hard to tainable Tourism, which has had a significant ments on the sustainable development of reconcile with the goal of "sustainable impact. tourism. It is also to provide the basis for development", which the representatives of back-up activities in the context of the extra- over 170 states agreed to pursue at the The first example of an international legal ordinary session of the UN General Assembly United Nations Conference on Environment instrument can be found in the implementing in June 1997 and at the UN Commission on and Development in Rio cle Janeiro in 1992, protocol on tourism of the Convention for the Sustainable Development. and are posing new challenges for environ- Protection of the Alps, which commits the mental policy at both European and global eight Alpine states to the goal of sustainable I hope that it will mark the successful begin- level. tourism in the Alpine region. ning of internationally co-ordinated efforts to make tourism environmentally and socially On the one hand, for instance, tourists are In my view, however, these are only first steps, sustainable so that many generations to come becoming increasingly environmentally con- which are not enough in themselves to ensure can continue to experience and enjoy the scious and are looking to get back to nature that tourism develops in a sustainable manner beauty of nature on our planet. • and enjoy unspoilt environments when on at global level. At the second conference of holiday. On the other hand, however, the the States Parties to the Convention on Bio- Angela Merkel number of international tourists is growing logical Diversity in Jakarta (Indonesia) in Federal Minister for the Environment, constantly, having risen from around ISO mil- November 1995. I therefore called for the Nature Conservation and Reactor Safety lion in 1971 to almost 600 million last year. convention to be used as the basis for devel- Postfaeh 12 06 29 The proportion of long-haul journeys is also oping international principles and rules D-53048 Bonn increasing steadily, especially in the industri- designed to bring the needs of tourism into alised nations, where travel is now taken for line with those of nature conservation. Admit- granted as part of people's lifestyles and has tedly, the convention - like Agenda 21 - does become an important factor in social status. not deal specifically with issues of tourism. The many different types of travel and holi- Nevertheless, just as several chapters of days are covering more and more countries Agenda 21 are of relevance to tourism, the and regions and, as a result, increasing num- Convention on Biological Diversity also bers of previously unspoilt natural environ- offers important starling points for global ments are being opened up to tourism. This agreements in this area. applies equally to coastlines, small islands, coral reefs, rock formations and mountain To make the most of the opportunity offered regions. Various surveys have produced find- here. 1 invited states from all over the world ings which in some cases are nothing short of which are major international tourist destina- dramatic: tions and also have great biological diversity. Last February, in London, this Agenda 21 for Tourism and the challenge Travel and Tourism was given a careful review by the three partners.