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Suomen Sotakorvausalukset 1944–1952 Suomen sotakorvausalukset 1944–1952 www.turso.fi www.slhy-laiva.fi Suomen sotakorvaukset Neuvostoliitolle toimitetut alukset “Voittajalle kuuluu vastustajan ruumis ja omaisuus”. istoa ympäri maata. Neuvostoliiton puolelta heidän Tämä vanha traditio otettiin uudelleen käyttöön valtuuskuntaansa johti kenraali Andrej Zhdanov. kun Suomi ja Neuvostoliitto 19. syyskuuta 1944 Neuvostoliiton organisaatio oli nimeltään Suomesta solmivat välirauhansopimuksen. Sopimuksen 11. Hankintoja Toimittava Hallinto. artiklan mukaisesti SuomI sopi korvaavansa Neu- Lähes koko sotakorvaustoimitusajan Suomen vostoliitolle sotatoimien ja Suomen joukkojen Neu- jäljellä olevat kauppalaivat oli sidottu Kamerton eli vostoliiton alueella miehitystoimista aiheutuneet Kauppamerenkulun Ohjaus ja Säännöstelytoimi- 300 miljoonan Yhdysvaltain dollarin vahingot kunnan hallintaan kuljettamaan metalli- ja metsä- kuudessa vuodessa. teollisuuden tuotteita Neuvostoliittoon. Näitä aluksia Sotakorvaustoimitukset määrättiin maksetta- käytettiin myös saksalaisten sotakorvausmateriaalin vaksi dollarin vuoden 1938 kurssin mukaan, joka kuljettamiseen Kaliningradiin ja Leningradiin. yllätti Suomen täysin. Sehän tarkoitti melkein kak- Lukuun ottamatta teräslevyjen hankalaa saan- sinkertaista korvausmäärää. tia Suomelle ei tuottanut suurta ongelmaa raken- taa teräksisiä höyry- ja moottorialuksia. Haasteelli- SOTAKORVAUSTEN PERUSSOPIMUS alle- simmiksi laivatyypeiksi muodostuivat suuret puiset kirjoitettiin 17. joulukuuta 1944. Tässä sopimuksessa koulukuunarit, kalastusalukset ja proomut. Tällaisia uudet laivat muodostivat määrästä 20,1 prosenttia puisia aluksia jouduttiin rakentamaan Neuvostolii- ja kauppalaivaston alukset 4,6 prosenttia. Jo tuokin tolle satoja kappaleita. kauppalaivamäärä oli 25 prosenttia eli neljäsosa koko Uusia telakoita jouduttiinkin perustamaan Suomen kauppalaivastosta, 104 alusta. useita, joista merkittävimmäksi muodostui Turun Merkittävä osa sotakorvauksia olivat myös Pansioon perustettu Oy Laivateollisuus Ab. muut konepajatuotteet. Rakennettiinpa pelkästään höyry- ja moottorivetureita lähes 700 kappaletta! SOTAKORVAUKSISTA KUITENKIN selvit- Lokakuussa 1945 Neuvostoliitto pidensi sota- tiin ja viimeinen juna ylitti Vainikkalan raja- korvausaikaa kahdella vuodella. Toinen helpotus aseman viimeisenä sotakorvauspäivänä 19. saatiin vuonna 1948, jolloin Suomi ja Neuvostoliitto syyskuuta 1952. Korvausten jälkeen Suomella allekirjoittivat YYA-sopimuksen. Tässä yhteydessä oli iskukykyinen metsä- ja metalliteollisuus, Neuvostoliitto ilmoitti, kun Suomi oli maksanut noin jota Neuvostoliiton jatkossa sopimat viisivuotis- puolet ”velastaan”, että loppuerää helpotetaan sopimukset työllistivät. puolella summalla. Kauppalaivaston sotakorvauslaivoista on tiettävästi jäljellä enää yksi, satamajäänsärkijä SOTAKORVAUSTEOLLISUUTTA VARTEN pe- Turso, joka Venäjältä takaisin hankittuna ja en- rustettiin Soteva eli Sotakorvausteollisuuden val- tisöitynä vuoden 1944 asuunsa on liikkuva muis- tuuskunta, jonka päämaja sijaitsi Helsingin keskustan tomerkki maamme vaikeista ajoista. nykyisen Sokoksen tavaratalon 3-6 kerroksen tilois- sa. Laajimmillaan Sotevalla oli 11 osastoa ja 36 toim- Matti Pietikäinen & Rami Wirrankoski www.turso.fi www.slhy-laiva.fi Suomen sotakorvausalukset Luovutettuja aluksia Meriliikenteen isoja matkustajalaivoja luovutettiin neljä. Suomen Höyrylaiva Osakeyhtiön höyrylaiva Aallotar oli vain kahdeksan vuoden ikäinen. Se sai nimekseen Beloostrov eli Valkeasaari. Meriliikenteen isoja lastilaivoja luovutettiin peräti 28. Atlanta-varustamon kaunis Turussa tehty moottorilastilaiva Atlanta sai nimen Vilnius ja toimi valtameriliikenteessä 1970-luvulle saakka. Sopivia tankkilaivoja Suomesta löytyi vain kaksi ja niistäkin toinen oli hinattava tankkiproomu. Saksassa 1925 rakennettu Margareta meni punalaivaston käyttöön, eikä siitä sen koommin kuultu. www.turso.fi www.slhy-laiva.fi Suomen sotakorvausalukset Luovutettuja aluksia Suomi menetti sotakorvauksina kaksi parasta jäänmurtajaansa Jääkarhun ja Voiman. Jääkarhu oli valmistunut 1926 Rotterdamissa ja se sai nimekseen Sibirjakov. Alus romutettiin 1972. Pieniä rannikko- ja sisävesilastilaivoja Neuvostollitolle annettiin 11 kappaletta. Saksassa 1910 valmistunut lastilaiva Aallotar oli niistä toiseksi vanhin. Se oli entinen pirtun salakuljetusalus. Rannikkoliikenteen matkustajalaivoja luovutettiin 18 kappaletta. Myös Helsingin lähiliikenne menetti parhaat aluksensa. Porvoolainen höyrylaiva Borgå oli yksi suurimmista. Se sai nimen Lermontov. www.turso.fi www.slhy-laiva.fi Suomen sotakorvausalukset Luovutettuja aluksia Merihinaajien osuus laivatoimituksista oli kuusi kappaletta. Kuopion Saastamoisen aiemmin omistama hinaaja Haapaniemi kuului merihinaajiin, koska se oli toiminut Suomenlahdella valtion käytössä. Luovutettujen rannikkohinaajien määrä oli 19 kappaletta. Tähän ryhmään kuului myös Porin kaupungin 1925 Savonlinnassa rakennuttama satamajäänsärkijä Porin Karhu. Erilaisia proomuja Neuvostoliitolle luovutettiin kaikkiaan 14 kappaletta. Paraisten Kalkin omistamia näistä oli yli puolet. Tässä höyrylaivaa muistuttava Saksassa rakennettu proomu Pargas 22. www.turso.fi www.slhy-laiva.fi Suomen sotakorvausalukset Luovutetut alukset 1944–1945 Tyyppi ja nimi dwt/brt Rak. vuosi ja -paikka Varustaja Lyhenteet: b = bruttorekisteritonnia, d = kuollutpainotonnia, t = uppoumatonnia. MERILASTILAIVAT ss ANTARES 2 200 d 1933 Göteborg FÅA, Helsinki ss ARA 3 210 d 1923 Grangemouth -”- ms ASTRID THORDÉN 3 000 d 1937 Turku Thordén, Hki ms ATLANTA 7 300 d 1939 Turku Rederi Ab Atlanta, Hki ms BORE X 7 880 d 1939 Göteborg Bore, Turku ss CAPELLA 2 098 d 1945 Helsinki FÅA, Hki ss DIONE 3 225 d 1920 Göteborg -”- ss FINLANDIA 1 440 d 1920 Helsinki -”- ss HESPERUS 2 648 d 1922 Roterdam -”- ss INGRID THORDÉN 3 300 d 1920 Göteborg Thordén, Hki ss KARL-ERIK 3 100 d 1923 Trondheim Nordström, Loviisa ss KOLLAA 2 380 d 1941 Langesund FÅA, Hki ss KRONOBORG 12 128 d 1920 Belfast Zachariassen, Uki ss LEO 2 100 d 1920 Leith FÅA, Hki ss MARITA 2 785 d 1923 Moerdijk Rederi Ab Ergo, Hki ss NAGU 5 700 d 1927 Glasgow J.W.Paulin, Turku ss ORION 2 810 d 1935 Helsinki FÅA, Hki ss OSTROBOTNIA 1 525 d 1920 Helsinki -”- ss PALLAS 1 847 d 1921 Rotterdam -”- ss PATRIA 930 d 1923 Hardinxveld -”- ms POHJANMAA 3 240 d 1929 Göteborg -”- ss RAILA 2 100 d 1922 Oskarshamn Meriliike Oy, Hki ss REGULUS 2 465 d 1921 Rotterdam FÅA, Hki ss RHEA 1 800 d 1921 Rotterdam -”- ss SALLA 2 450 d 1941 Langesund -”- ss SUOMEN POIKA 1 580 d 1921 Helsinki -”- ss SIRIUS 2 600 d 1929 Helsingör -”- ss TAURUS 2 470 d 1923 Grimstad -”- www.turso.fi www.slhy-laiva.fi Suomen sotakorvausalukset Luovutetut alukset 1944–1945 MERIMATKUSTAJALAIVAT ss AALLOTAR 2 900 b 1937 Helsingör FÅA, Hki ss BORE II 1 965 b 1938 Turku Bore, Turku ss ILMATAR 2 365 b 1929 Kööpenhamina FÅA, Hki ss POLARIS 1 614 b 1912 Stettin -”- TANKKILAIVAT mt MARGARETA 650 d 1925 Stettin Nobel-Standard, Hki tpr VINETO 275 d 1917 Stettin -”- JÄÄNMURTAJAT ss JÄÄKARHU 2 622 b 1926 Rotterdam Suomen valtio ss VOIMA 1 510 b 1915 Tallinn/1924 Hki -”- MERIHINAAJAT ss AURA 126 b 1924 Turku Turun kaupunki ss HAAPANIEMI 93 b 1911 Joroinen Suomen valtio ss HERCULES 159 b 1884 Motala W. Hacklin, Pori ss OULU 1 114 b 1923 Varkaus Oulu Ou, Oulu ss TURSO 282 b 1944 Helsinki Helsingin kaupunki ss VH-1 111 b 1916 Varkaus Suomen valtio RANNIKKOHINAAJAT ss BJÖRN 53 b 1918 Karlstad Enso-Gutzeit, Kotka ss FERRO 78 b 1921 Vaasa Ab Dalsbruk, Dragsjärd ss FÖRBY 84 b 1910 Finby K. Forsström, Finby ss JURMO 380 t 1944 Varkaus Suomen valtio ss LUPPI 380 t 1944 Varkaus -”- ss MARS II 47 b 1919 Helsinki W. Rosenlew, Pori www.turso.fi www.slhy-laiva.fi Suomen sotakorvausalukset Luovutetut alukset 1944–1945 ss MÄSSKÄR 26 b 1914 Kotka Yxpila Stevedoring ss NARVI 380 t 1944 Varkaus Suomen valtio ss OULU 9 43 b 1923 Raahe Oulu Oy, Oulu ss POHJANMAA 38 b 1915 Turku Rauma-Raahe, Rauma ss PORIN KARHU 75 b 1925 Savonlinna Porin kaupunki ss RAPP 26 b 1919 Kotka Enso-Gutzeit, Kotka ss RISTINIEMI 49 b 1936 Kotka Ristiniemen Oy, Hamina ss STEG 47 b 1918 Karstad Ab J. Bruhn, Kotka ss STOCKFORS VII 81 b 1928 Varkaus Ab Stockfors, Pyhtää ss SUURSAARI 219 b 1927 Joroinen Suomen valtio ss TUPPURA 30 b 1915 Turku -”- ss VH-2 64 b 1928 Kotka -”- ss VOIMA 55 b 1919 Kotka Enso-Gutzeit, Kotka RANNIKKOLASTILAIVAT ss AALLOTAR 210 d 1910 Papenburg-Ems Hjelt & Lindgren, Hki ss ALKU 500 d 1920 Rauma Rauma-Raahe, Rauma ss ILMARINEN 350 d 1935 Viipuri, Uuras V. Tuovinen, Muuruvesi ss KALLO 200 d 1917 Leppävirta W. Hacklin, Pori ss LAINETAR 230 d 1904 Helsinki Paraisten Kalkki ss MARTTA 460 d 1913 Göteborg A. Soini, Uki ss SOISALO 260 d 1913 Joroinen F.O. Åkerman, Hki ms THELMA 390 d 1919 Gefle P. Molander, Pori ss UKKO 250 d 1921 Rääkkylä L. Boxberg, Hki ss ULLA 280 d 1944 Vehkalahti H. Liljestrand, Hki ms WERNER H 654 d 1941 Pori, Reposaari W. Hacklin, Pori RANNIKKOMATKUSTAJALAIVAT ss ALICE 45 b 1914 Porvoo Paraisten Kalkki ss ARANDA 592 b 1920 Turku Suomen valtio ss BARÖ 280 b 1915 Varkaus Northern SS Co, Hki ss BORGÅ 265 b 1892 Pori Borgå Ångf.Ab, Porvoo www.turso.fi www.slhy-laiva.fi Suomen sotakorvausalukset Luovutetut alukset 1944–1945 ms BÖLJAN 47 b 1930 Savonlinna E.Sundin & co, Vaasa ss DEGERÖ 35 b 1910 Helsinki Ab Öster-Degerö, Hki ss EXTRA 21 b 1900 Helsinki Merenkulku-Sjötrafik ss KALLVIK 45 b 1914 Helsinki Paraisten Kalkki ss KORKEASAARI-HÖGHOLMEN 88 b 1914 Motala Merenkulku-Sjötrafik ss MUSTIKKAMAA I 39 b 1925 Porvoo -”- ss MUSTIKKAMAA II 41 b 1922 Varkaus -”- ss OLYMPIA 79 b 1939 Helsinki -”- ss PORTHAN 288 b 1914 Göteborg Ångb.Ab Åland, T:ku ss PIHLAJASAARI-RÖNNSKÄR 53
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