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Impact of Extreme Weather Events on Aboveground Net Primary Productivity and Sheep Production in the Magellan Region, Southernmost Chilean Patagonia
geosciences Article Impact of Extreme Weather Events on Aboveground Net Primary Productivity and Sheep Production in the Magellan Region, Southernmost Chilean Patagonia Pamela Soto-Rogel 1,* , Juan-Carlos Aravena 2, Wolfgang Jens-Henrik Meier 1, Pamela Gross 3, Claudio Pérez 4, Álvaro González-Reyes 5 and Jussi Griessinger 1 1 Institute of Geography, Friedrich–Alexander-University of Erlangen–Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; [email protected] (W.J.-H.M.); [email protected] (J.G.) 2 Centro de Investigación Gaia Antártica, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6200000, Chile; [email protected] 3 Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero (SAG), Punta Arenas 6200000, Chile; [email protected] 4 Private Consultant, Punta Arenas 6200000, Chile; [email protected] 5 Hémera Centro de Observación de la Tierra, Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago 8580745, Chile; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 28 June 2020; Accepted: 13 August 2020; Published: 16 August 2020 Abstract: Spatio-temporal patterns of climatic variability have effects on the environmental conditions of a given land territory and consequently determine the evolution of its productive activities. One of the most direct ways to evaluate this relationship is to measure the condition of the vegetation cover and land-use information. In southernmost South America there is a limited number of long-term studies on these matters, an incomplete network of weather stations and almost no database on ecosystems productivity. In the present work, we characterized the climate variability of the Magellan Region, southernmost Chilean Patagonia, for the last 34 years, studying key variables associated with one of its main economic sectors, sheep production, and evaluating the effect of extreme weather events on ecosystem productivity and sheep production. -
Environmental Weeds of Coastal Plains and Heathy Forests Bioregions of Victoria Heading in Band
Advisory list of environmental weeds of coastal plains and heathy forests bioregions of Victoria Heading in band b Advisory list of environmental weeds of coastal plains and heathy forests bioregions of Victoria Heading in band Advisory list of environmental weeds of coastal plains and heathy forests bioregions of Victoria Contents Introduction 1 Purpose of the list 1 Limitations 1 Relationship to statutory lists 1 Composition of the list and assessment of taxa 2 Categories of environmental weeds 5 Arrangement of the list 5 Column 1: Botanical Name 5 Column 2: Common Name 5 Column 3: Ranking Score 5 Column 4: Listed in the CALP Act 1994 5 Column 5: Victorian Alert Weed 5 Column 6: National Alert Weed 5 Column 7: Weed of National Significance 5 Statistics 5 Further information & feedback 6 Your involvement 6 Links 6 Weed identification texts 6 Citation 6 Acknowledgments 6 Bibliography 6 Census reference 6 Appendix 1 Environmental weeds of coastal plains and heathy forests bioregions of Victoria listed alphabetically within risk categories. 7 Appendix 2 Environmental weeds of coastal plains and heathy forests bioregions of Victoria listed by botanical name. 19 Appendix 3 Environmental weeds of coastal plains and heathy forests bioregions of Victoria listed by common name. 31 Advisory list of environmental weeds of coastal plains and heathy forests bioregions of Victoria i Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment Melbourne, March2008 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2009 This publication is copyright. No part may be reproduced by any process except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. -
Pathogens Associated with Diseases. of Protea, Leucospermum and Leucadendron Spp
PATHOGENS ASSOCIATED WITH DISEASES. OF PROTEA, LEUCOSPERMUM AND LEUCADENDRON SPP. Lizeth Swart Thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Agriculture at the University of Stellenbosch Supervisor: Prof. P. W. Crous Decem ber 1999 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za DECLARATION 1, the undersigned, hereby declare that the work contained in this thesis is my own original work and has not previously in its entirety or in part been submitted at any university for a degree. SIGNATURE: DATE: Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za PATHOGENS ASSOCIATED WITH DISEASES OF PROTEA, LEUCOSPERMUM ANDLEUCADENDRONSPP. SUMMARY The manuscript consists of six chapters that represent research on different diseases and records of new diseases of the Proteaceae world-wide. The fungal descriptions presented in this thesis are not effectively published, and will thus be formally published elsewhere in scientific journals. Chapter one is a review that gives a detailed description of the major fungal pathogens of the genera Protea, Leucospermum and Leucadendron, as reported up to 1996. The pathogens are grouped according to the diseases they cause on roots, leaves, stems and flowers, as well as the canker causing fungi. In chapter two, several new fungi occurring on leaves of Pro tea, Leucospermum, Telopea and Brabejum collected from South Africa, Australia or New Zealand are described. The following fungi are described: Cladophialophora proteae, Coniolhyrium nitidae, Coniothyrium proteae, Coniolhyrium leucospermi,Harknessia leucospermi, Septoria prolearum and Mycosphaerella telopeae spp. nov. Furthermore, two Phylloslicla spp., telopeae and owaniana are also redecribed. The taxonomy of the Eisinoe spp. -
Table of Contents Below) with Family Name Provided
1 Australian Plants Society Plant Table Profiles – Sutherland Group (updated August 2021) Below is a progressive list of all cultivated plants from members’ gardens and Joseph Banks Native Plants Reserve that have made an appearance on the Plant Table at Sutherland Group meetings. Links to websites are provided for the plants so that further research can be done. Plants are grouped in the categories of: Trees and large shrubs (woody plants generally taller than 4 m) Medium to small shrubs (woody plants from 0.1 to 4 m) Ground covers or ground-dwelling (Grasses, orchids, herbaceous and soft-wooded plants, ferns etc), as well as epiphytes (eg: Platycerium) Vines and scramblers Plants are in alphabetical order by botanic names within plants categories (see table of contents below) with family name provided. Common names are included where there is a known common name for the plant: Table of Contents Trees and Large shrubs........................................................................................................................... 2 Medium to small shrubs ...................................................................................................................... 23 Groundcovers and other ground‐dwelling plants as well as epiphytes. ............................................ 64 Vines and Scramblers ........................................................................................................................... 86 Sutherland Group http://sutherland.austplants.com.au 2 Trees and Large shrubs Acacia decurrens -
Blushing Bride FAMILY NAME: Proteaceae Species and Cultivars Of
Plant Profile Botanical Name: Serruria florida Common Name: Blushing Bride FAMILY NAME: Proteaceae Species and cultivars of special interest: Serruria florida hybrids and cvv. such as ‘Sugar ’n’ Spice’, ‘Pretty in Pink’, ‘Super Blush’, ‘Carmen’ Origin: South Africa Availability: May to October Foliage Characteristics: Stem length is 30- 60 cm. They have papery white bracts or floral leaves surrounding the flower. The sugar and spice variety has pink on the white bracts too. 5- 10 stems per bunch. Floral Characteristics: Blushing bride have feathery tufts of white to pinkish flowers. Sugar and spice variety has pink flowers. Special features and characteristics of special interest: It is thought that blushing bride got its name because of its traditional use in Africa as bridal bouquets. The species was near extinction due to being over exploited until conservation measures in the 1960s and 70s kicked in. Botanical name given in honour of James Serrurier, an 18th century professor of Botany at the Unisversity of Utrecht. Maintenance, Cultural requirements and Post Harvest Treatments: Blushing Bride is grown on large bushes in plantations across Australia. They are also grown in South Africa, Israel and the US. Handle blushing brides gently as flowers dry out quickly. They can have floral preservative. It is unknown whether it is Ethylene sensitive. When stored in cool storage keep at at 2- 4 degrees. Strip leaves from water level down. Pest and Diseases: The pedicels are vulnerable to Botrytis infection, which causes them to collapse. They do not suffer from leaf blackening like protea species do but the leaves may turn black if submerged in buckets of solution or if held for too long. -
Macadamia Tetraphylla L.)
MACADAMIA (Macadamia tetraphylla L.) Marisol Reyes M. 5 Arturo Lavín A. 5.1. Clasificación botánica El género Macadamia pertenece a la familia Proteaceae, el que incluye al menos cinco especies en Australia y diez a escala mundial. Debido a que su semilla es comestible, Macadamia integrifolia Maiden & Betche y Macadamia tetraphylla L., junto a algunos híbridos entre ambas, son las especies de esta familia que actualmente tienen importancia económica. Ambas son nativas de Australia (Nagao and Hirae, 1992). En Chile esta familia está representada por árboles de gran valor maderero como lo son, entre otras, Gevuina avellana Mol. (Avellano chileno, de fruta similar a macadamia), Embothrium coccineum Forst. (“Notro” y “Ciruelillo), Lomatia ferruginea (Cav.) R. Br., (“Fuinque”, ”Huinque”), Lomatia hirsuta (Lam.) Diels, (“Radal”) y Orites myrtoidea (Poepp. et Endl.) Benth et Hook, (“Mirtillo, Radal de hojas chicas”) (Muñoz, 1959; Sudzuki, 1996). 5.2. Origen de la especie Las macadamias originarias de Australia (entre los 25° y 31° de latitud sur), corresponden a especies relativamente nuevas en cuanto a la comercialización de su fruta y son las únicas plantas nativas de Australia que han sido incorporadas al cultivo comercial por su fruto comestible (Moncur et al., 1985). 103 M. integrifolia es originaria de los bosques húmedos subtropicales del sudeste de Queensland, lo que la hace poco tolerante a las bajas temperaturas, mientras que M. tetraphylla es de origen más meridional, lo que la hace más tolerante a áreas con clima temperado (Nagao and Hirae, 1992). La macadamia fue introducida a Hawai desde Australia hacia fines de los 1.800, pero no fue comercialmente cultivada hasta los inicios de los 1.900 (Nagao and Hirae, 1992). -
Hedges 3 Busselton and Surrounds Greater Wa, and Greater Australia
HEDGES 3 BUSSELTON AND SURROUNDS GREATER WA, AND GREATER AUSTRALIA Selection of plant species and notes on hedges - Richard Clark This list of hedge plant species includes Western Australian species and species from Greater Australia. Scientific Name Common Name Acacia cochlearis Rigid Wattle Acacia cyclops Coastal Wattle Acacia lasiocarpa Dune Moses, Panjang Acacia saligna Golden Wreath Wattle Acacia urophylla Tail-leaved Acacia Adenanthos cygnorun Common Woollybush Adenanthos sericeus Woollybush Adenanthos x cunninghamii Albany Woollybush Adriana quadripartita Coast Bitterbush Agonis flexuosa nana Allocasuarina humilis Scrub Sheoak Allocasuarina thuyoides Horned Sheoak Alyogyne hakeifolia Red-centred hibiscus Alyogyne huegelii Lilac Hibiscus Alyogyne pinoniana Sand Hibiscus Alyxia buxifolia Sea Box Atriplex cinerea Grey Saltbush Atriplex isatidea Coast Saltbush Atriplex nummularia Oldman Saltbush Banksia sessilis Parrot Bush Beaufortia squarrosa Sand Bottlebrush Beyeria viscosa Pinkwood Billardiera fusiformis Australian Bluebell Bossiaea aquifolium Water Bush Bossiaea disticha Bossiaea linophylla Golden Cascade Callistachys lanceolata Native Willow (Wonnich) Calytrix acutifolia Calytrix tetragona Common Fringe-myrtle Scientific Name Common Name Chamelaucium axillare (NOT LOCAL - WA) Esperence Wax Flower Chamelaucium floriferum subsp. diffusum Walpole Wax Chamelaucium uncinatum Geraldton Wax Chamelaucium x Verticordia 'Eric John' Chamelaucium x Verticordia 'Paddy's Pink' Correa alba White Correa Diplolaena dampieri Southern Diplolaena -
Chapter 19 Role of Root Clusters in Phosphorus
CHAPTER 19 ROLE OF ROOT CLUSTERS IN PHOSPHORUS ACQUISITION AND INCREASING BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY IN AGRICULTURE H. LAMBERS AND M.W. SHANE School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. Soils in the south-west of Western Australia and South Africa are among the most phosphorus- impoverished in the world, and at the same time both of these regions are Global Biodiversity Hotspots. This unique combination offers an excellent opportunity to study root adaptations that are significant in phosphorus (P) acquisition. A large proportion of species from these P-poor environments cannot produce an association with mycorrhizal fungi, but, instead, produce ‘root clusters’. In Western Australia, root- cluster-bearing Proteaceae occur on the most P-impoverished soils, whereas the mycorrhizal Myrtaceae tend to inhabit the less P-impoverished soils in this region. Root clusters are an adaptation both in structure and in functioning; characterized by high densities of short lateral roots that release large amounts of exudates, in particular carboxylates (anions of di- and tri-carboxylic acids). The functioning of root clusters in Proteaceae (’proteoid’ roots) and Fabaceae (‘cluster’ roots) has received considerable attention, but that of ‘dauciform’ root clusters developed by species in Cyperaceae has barely been explored. Research on the physiology of ‘capillaroid’ root clusters formed by species in Restionaceae has yet to be published. Root-cluster initiation and growth in species of the Cyperaceae, Fabaceae and Proteaceae are systemically stimulated when plants are grown at a very low P supply, and are suppressed as leaf P concentrations increase. -
9. a 10 Year Trial with South American Trees and Shrubs with Special
9. A 10 year trial with SouthAmerican trees and shrubswith specialregard to the Ir,lothofaglzsspp. I0 6ra royndir vid suduramerikonskumtroum og runnum vid serligumatliti at Nothofagw-slogum SarenOdum Abstract The potential of the ligneous flora of cool temperate South America in arboriculture in the Faroe Isles is elucidated through experimental planting of a broad variety of speciescollected on expeditions to Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego 1975 andl9T9.Particular good results have been obtained with the southernmost origins of Nothofagus antarctica, N. betuloides, and N. pumilio, of which a total of 6.500 plants were directly transplanted from Tierra del Fuego to the Faroe Isles in 1979. Soren Odum, Royal Vet.& Agric. IJniv., Arboretum, DK-2970 Horsholm, Denmark. Introduction As a student of botany at the University of CopenhagenI got the opportunity to get a job for the summer 1960as a member of the team mapping the flora of the Faroe Isles (Kjeld Hansen 1966). State geologist of the Faroe Isles and the Danish Geological Survey, J6annesRasmussen, provided working facilities for the team at the museum, and also my co-student,J6hannes J6hansen participated in the field. This stay and work founded my still growing interest in the Faroese nature and culture, and the initial connections between the Arboretum in Horsholm and Tbrshavn developed from this early contact with J6annesRasmussen and J6hannes J6hansen. On our way back to Copenhagen in 1960 onboard "Tjaldur", we called on Lerwick, Shetland, where I saw Hebe and Olearia in some gardens. This made it obvious to me, that if the Faroe Isles for historical reasonshad been more or less British rather than Nordic, the gardensof T6rshavn would, no doubt, have been speckledwith genera from the southern Hemisphere and with other speciesand cultivars nowadays common in Scottish nurseries and gardens. -
The Flower Chain the Early Discovery of Australian Plants
The Flower Chain The early discovery of Australian plants Hamilton and Brandon, Jill Douglas Hamilton Duchess of University of Sydney Library Sydney, Australia 2002 http://setis.library.usyd.edu.au/ozlit © University of Sydney Library. The texts and images are not to be used for commercial purposes without permission Source Text: Prepared with the author's permission from the print edition published by Kangaroo Press Sydney 1998 All quotation marks are retained as data. First Published: 1990 580.994 1 Australian Etext Collections at botany prose nonfiction 1940- women writers The flower chain the early discovery of Australian plants Sydney Kangaroo Press 1998 Preface Viewing Australia through the early European discovery, naming and appreciation of its flora, gives a fresh perspective on the first white people who went to the continent. There have been books on the battle to transform the wilderness into an agriculturally ordered land, on the convicts, on the goldrush, on the discovery of the wealth of the continent, on most aspects of settlement, but this is the first to link the story of the discovery of the continent with the slow awareness of its unique trees, shrubs and flowers of Australia. The Flower Chain Chapter 1 The Flower Chain Begins Convict chains are associated with early British settlement of Australia, but there were also lighter chains in those grim days. Chains of flowers and seeds to be grown and classified stretched across the oceans from Botany Bay to Europe, looping back again with plants and seeds of the old world that were to Europeanise the landscape and transform it forever. -
Proteaceae Spring Walkabout KWG
Proteaceae Spring Walkabout KWG Many members of the plant family Proteaceae are growing in Ku-ring-gai Wildflower Garden. They have tubular flowers with parts in multiples of four and a superior ovary with one chamber. Style is simple and there are four stamens. The individual flowers are often arranged together in groups called inflorescences. Detailed botanical descriptions are given on the PlantNET website: plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au Excellent pictures can be found on the Hornsby Library website: www.hornsby.nsw.gov.au/library under heading: Herbarium - Plants Found in the Local Area. Fuller descriptions of these plants can be found in “notes” on our Walks & Talks page Australian Plants Society North Shore Group website: https://austplants.com.au/North-Shore/ Grevillea buxifolia: Grevillea speciosa: Grevillea linearifolia: “Grey Spider Flower” “Red Spider Flower” “Linear-leaf Grevillea” Hairy, grey-brown flowers Bright crimson flowers Small, white flowers ovate leaves. ovate leaves. long, narrow leaves Hakea sericea Lambertia formosa: Banksia serrata “Needlebush” “Mountain Devil” “Old Man Banksia” White flower clusters Tubular flowers in groups of 7 Dense, pale flower-spike spiky leaves stiff, spiky leaves in whorls of 3 large serrated leaves large, round, horned fruit. horned, woody fruit. fruits are woody follicles. Persoonia pinifolia: Telopea speciosissima: Isopogon anemonifolius “Pine-leaf Geebung” “Waratah” “Drumstick” Yellow flowers Dense, globular flowerhead Spherical flowerhead slender leaves cupped in prominent red bracts divided, flat leaves fruit a spherical drupe. leathery, irregular-toothed leaves. spherical, woody fruit. PLEASE RETURN THIS SHEET AFTER USE . -
TPG Index Volumes 1-35 1986-2020
Public Garden Index – Volumes 1-35 (1986 – 2020) #Giving Tuesday. HOW DOES YOUR GARDEN About This Issue (continued) GROW ? Swift 31 (3): 25 Dobbs, Madeline (continued) #givingTuesday fundraising 31 (3): 25 Public garden management: Read all #landscapechat about it! 26 (W): 5–6 Corona Tools 27 (W): 8 Rocket science leadership. Interview green industry 27 (W): 8 with Elachi 23 (1): 24–26 social media 27 (W): 8 Unmask your garden heroes: Taking a ValleyCrest Landscape Companies 27 (W): 8 closer look at earned revenue. #landscapechat: Fostering green industry 25 (2): 5–6 communication, one tweet at a time. Donnelly, Gerard T. Trees: Backbone of Kaufman 27 (W): 8 the garden 6 (1): 6 Dosmann, Michael S. Sustaining plant collections: Are we? 23 (3/4): 7–9 AABGA (American Association of Downie, Alex. Information management Botanical Gardens and Arboreta) See 8 (4): 6 American Public Gardens Association Eberbach, Catherine. Educators without AABGA: The first fifty years. Interview by borders 22 (1): 5–6 Sullivan. Ching, Creech, Lighty, Mathias, Eirhart, Linda. Plant collections in historic McClintock, Mulligan, Oppe, Taylor, landscapes 28 (4): 4–5 Voight, Widmoyer, and Wyman 5 (4): 8–12 Elias, Thomas S. Botany and botanical AABGA annual conference in Essential gardens 6 (3): 6 resources for garden directors. Olin Folsom, James P. Communication 19 (1): 7 17 (1): 12 Rediscovering the Ranch 23 (2): 7–9 AAM See American Association of Museums Water management 5 (3): 6 AAM accreditation is for gardens! SPECIAL Galbraith, David A. Another look at REPORT. Taylor, Hart, Williams, and Lowe invasives 17 (4): 7 15 (3): 3–11 Greenstein, Susan T.