Index of Higher Taxa to Volumes 1 and 2

Page numbers in italic refer to Volume 2 [Taxa in brackets] indicate unavailable names, including nomina nuda. nomina oblita. lapsi and preoccupied names.

Aaaba de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 565 Actinocoelia Finks, 1960 ...... 389 [Aaata] de Laubenfels, 1930 ...... 440 [Actinoites] Duan, 1984 ...... 1124 Aaptos Gray, 1867 ...... 228 Actinostromatidae Nicholson, 1886 ...... 70 [Abila] Gray, 1867 ...... 440,473 Adocia Gray, 1867 ...... 863 Abilana Strand, 1928 ...... 473 Adociidae de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 852 Abyssocladia Levi, 1964 ...... 623 Adreissa Topsent, 1932 ...... 738 Acalle Gray, 1867 ...... 989 Adreus Gray, 1867 ...... 187 [Acamas] Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 ...... 670 Aegogropila Gray, 1867 ...... 670 Acamasina de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 670 Afiacyathus Voronin, 1962 ...... 1573 Acanthacarnus Levi, 1952 ...... 414 Agastrocyathus Debrenne, 1964 ...... 1671 Acanthancora Topsent, 1927 ...... 576 Agelas Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 ...... 820 Acanthascinae Schulze, 1897 ...... 1443 Agelasida Hartman, 1980 ...... 817 Acanthascus (Acanthascus) Schulze, 1886 ...... 1447 Agelasidae Verrill, 1907 ...... 818 Acanthascus (Rhabdocalyptus) Schulze, 1886 ...... 1449 Agilardiella Marshall, 1884 ...... 1701 Acanthascus (Staurocalyptus) Ijima, 1897 ...... 1451 Agyrekocyathidae Konyushkov, 1967 ...... 1620 Acanthascus Schulze, 1886 ...... 1447 Agyrekocyathus Konyushkov, 1967 ...... 1621 Acanthella Schmidt, 1862 ...... 774 Aiolochroia Wiedenmayer, 1977 ...... 1084 [Acanthellidae] Carter, 1885 ...... 773 Ajacicyathida R Bedford & J Bedford, 1939 ...... 1552 [Acanthellina] Carter, 1885 ...... 773 Ajacicyathidae R Bedford & J Bedford, 1939 ...... 1558 Acantheurypon Topsent, 1927 ...... 488 Ajacicyathina R Bedford & J Bedford, 1939 ...... 1558 Acanthochaetetes Fischer, 1970 ...... 66, 276 Ajacicyathus R Bedford & J Bedford, 1939 ...... 1558 Acanthochaetetidae Fischer, 1970 ...... 171,275 Aka de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 894 Acanthocinachyra Levi, 1964 ...... 86 AkaidaeAlander, 1942 ...... 893 Acanthoclada Bergquist, 1970 ...... 756 Alaskacoscinus Debrenne et al., 1990 ...... 1674 Acanthocoryna Finks, 1960 ...... 1214 Alataucyathidae Zhuravleva, 1955 ...... 1648 Acanthodendrilla Bergquist, 1995 ...... 1075 A1ataucyathoidea Zhurav1eva, 1955 ...... 1648 [Acanthodiscus] Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1996 ...... 953 Alataucyathus Zhuravleva, 1955 ...... 1648 Acanthodoryx Levi, 1961 ...... 540 [Alcyoncellidae] de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 1388 [Acanthoplakina] Burton, 1959 ...... 78 Alcyoncellum (Quoy & Gaimard, MS) Blainville, 1830 ...... 1415, 1701 Acanthopolymastia Kelly-Borges & Bergquist, 1997 ...... 209 Alcyonellum Owen, 1849 ...... 1415 Acanthopyrgus Handfield, 1967 ...... 1645 Alcyospongia de Laubenfels, 1934 ...... 696, 708 Acanthorhabdus Burton, 1929 ...... 413 [Alebion] Gray, 1867 ...... 422 Acanthosaccus Schulze, 1899 ...... 1447 Alectona Carter, 1879 ...... 282 Acanthostrongylophora Hooper, 1984 ...... 908 Alectonidae Rosell, 1996 ...... 171, 281 Acanthostylotella Burton & Rao, 1932 ...... 510 Alemo Wright, 1881 ...... 248 Acanthotetilla Burton, 1959 ...... 86 Algol Sollas, 1888 ...... 118 Acanthotriaena Vace1et et aI., 1976 ...... 145 Allantella Hallmann, 1917 ...... 763 Acanthoxa Hentschel, 1914 ...... 593 Allantophora Whitelegge, 1907 ...... 643 Acanthoxifer Dendy, 1905 ...... 766 Allassospongia Rigby, 1986 ...... 389 Acarneae Dendy, 1922 ...... 412 Allocia Hallmann, 1920 ...... 437 Acarnia Gray, 1867 ...... 456 Alloscleria Topsent, 1927 ...... 759 Acarnidae Dendy, 1922 ...... 410,412 Alphacyatbidae R Bedford & J Bedford, 1939 ...... 1638 Acarnidae; Boury-Esnault, 1973 ...... 412 Alphacyathus R Bedford & J Bedford, 1939 ...... 1638 [Acarniidae] de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 412 Alpinothalamia Senowbari-Daryan, 1990 ...... 1533 Acarnus Gray, 1867 ...... 414 Alpinothalamiidae Senowbari-Daryan, 1990 ...... 1533 [Acca] Johnson, 1899 ...... 894 Altaicyathidae Debrenne & A Zhuravlev, 1992 ...... 1688 Acervochalina Ridley, 1884 ...... 853 Altaicyathina Debrenne, 1991 ...... 1687 Acheliderma Topsent, 1892 ...... 416 Altaicyathus Vologdin, 1932 ...... 1688 [Achilleum] Oken, 1815 ...... 1701 Amblysiphonella Steinmann, 1882 ...... 1522 [Achinoe] Gray, 1867 ...... 79 [Ammoconia] Haeckel, 1889 ...... 1703 Achramorpha Jenkin, 1908 ...... 1180 [Ammolynthus] Haeckel, 1889 ...... 1703 Achramorphidae fam. nov. (Borojevic et al.) ...... 1180 Amniscos Gray, 1867 ...... 248 Aciculides Topsent, 1898 ...... 170 Amoibodictya Zahn et aI., 1977 ...... 578 Aciculites Schmidt, 1879 ...... 302 Amorphilla Thiele, 1898 ...... 807 Acoelocalyx Topsent, 1910 ...... 1393 Amorphina Schmidt, 1870 ...... 800 Acrochordiella Rigby, 1981 ...... 399 Amorphinopsis Carter, 1887 ...... 790 Acrochordonia Schrammen, 1910 ...... 399 Amorphoclada Topsent, 1930 ...... 553 Acrochordonidae Schrammen, 1924 ...... 399 Amphiastrella Dendy, 1896 ...... 595

xxi xxii Index of Higher Taxa to Volumes 1 and 2

Amphibleptula Schmidt, 1879 ...... " .. "." ...... "." .. " ... " ...... " .. "" 304 Anomocladina Sollas, 1885 " ...... " .. " .. """ .. "."" .. " ... " ...... " .. " .. " .. " .. 363 Amphibleptulidae de Laubenfels, 1936 """"""""""""""""""""""". 302 Anomoclathria Topsent, 1929 ..... " .. " .. " ...... " ...... " .. " ...... 456 Amphiblestrum Schrammen, 1937 """""""""""""""""""""""""". 1223 Anomodoryx Burton, 1934 " ..... " .. " .. " .. " ...... " .... " .... " .. """.""" .. ". 540 Amphichondridae Schrammen, 1924 """""""""""""""" ...... 397 Anomoianthella Bergquist, 1980 .. " ...... " .. """" ..... " ...... " ...... 1091 Amphidiscaria Schrammen, 1924 ...... " .... " .. " ... 1231 Anomolissa de Laubenfels, 1934 .... "" ...... " .. "." .... " ...... "."." .. "."" 217 Amphidiscella Tabachnick & Levi, 1997 .. " .. " .. " .... " .. " ...... " ...... " 1404 Anomomycale Topsent, 1924 .... " .. " ... " .. " .... " .. "" .... " ...... " ...... " .. ". 670 Amphidiscophora Schulze, 1886 .... "" ...... "" .. " ...... " .. " ...... """" .. " 1202 Anomomyxilla Burton, 1934 """"" .. "" ...... " .... " ...... " .. " ..... ".""" ..... 617 Amphidiscosa Reid, 1958 .... " ...... " ...... " ...... " .... " ... " ..... " .. " ..... ". 1231 Anomorphites Kolb, 1910 .... " .. " .... "" .... " .. " ..... " .... " ..... " .... " ...... " .... 395 Amphidiscosida Schrammen, 1924 .. " ..... " ..... "." .... "" .. ".""." 1202, 1231 Anoplia Sollas, 1888 .. " .. ".""" ..... " ... "." .. " ...... """ ...... " ...... ". 299 Amphilectella Schrammen, 1901 .... " ...... " .... " ...... " .... " .... " .... " ... 397 Anoxycalyx (Anoxycalyx) Kirkpatrick, 1907 .... " .. """".""""" ...... 1453 Amphilectidae de Laubenfels, 1936 " .... ""." ..... " ... " .... " .. " ...... " .. "."" 656 Anoxycalyx (Scolymastra) Topsent, 1916 .. """ .. "."" ..... " ...... 1456 Amphilectus Vosmaer, 1880 " .... " .... " .. "." ...... "" .... " ...... " .... " ... 657 Anoxycalyx Kirkpatrick, 1907 ...... " ...... " ...... " .. " .. " .... " ...... "" .. "." 1453 Amphimedon Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 "" ..... "." .. " .... "" .. "" ... 875 Antarcticocyathus Debrenne et aI., 1984 "." ..... " .. " .... " .. " ...... " ..... 1651 Amphinolana Riitzler & Hooper, 2000 ...... " ...... """.. "." .... """" ..... 197 Anthaspidella Ulrich & Everett, 1890 ...... 389 Amphinomia Hooper, 1991 ...... " ..... " ...... " ...... " .... " .... " .... " .. 508 Anthaspidellidae Miller, 1889 ...... " ...... " ...... 388 Amphipora Schultz, 1883 " .. "."" ...... "." .. "."." ...... "" ... """ .. " .. """ .. 70 Anthastra Sollas, 1886 ... " ...... " ...... " ...... 110 Amphitelion Zittel, 1878 ""." .. "." .. """ ...... " .. "."" ...... 398 Antherochalina Lendenfeld, 1887 ...... 437 Amphitelionidae Schrammen, 1924 ..... " .. ""...... """" .. " .. " ... """""". 397 Antheroplax Lendenfeld, 1889 ...... " ...... 1032 Amphitethya Lendenfeld, 1907 ...... """." ..... " .... ""..... """" .... """.""" .. 87 Antho (Acamia) Gray, 1867 ...... "" ...... 456 [Amphius) Sollas, 1888 " .. " .. " .. " .. """"""""" .. """""".. """"" .. """"" 286 Antho (Antho) Gray, 1867 ...... " ... " ... " ...... "." .. ""."." .. " ... 456 Amphiute Hanitsch, 1894 .. """ ...... " .... " ..... " ...... " ...... 1166 Antho (lsopenectya) Hallmann, 1920 ...... "." .. "" .. ,,"" ...... 460 [Amphoricortis) Haeckel, 1872 ...... " .. " ...... " .... "" .. " ..... " ...... 1703 Antho Gray, 1867 ..... " ...... " .. " ...... " ...... """... " .. "." .. """ .. ,," ..... 455 [Amphoridandra) Haeckel, 1872 ...... " ...... 1703 Anthoarcuata Bakus, 1966 ..... """ .. """ ...... "." .. " ...... " ...... 456 [Amphoridium) Haeckel, 1870 ...... " ...... " .. " .... " .... "" .. " ...... 1703 Anthomorpha Bornemann, 1884 " ...... " ...... """... """ ..... " .. "" .. " ... 1657 [Amphoriscaltis) Haeckel, 1872 .. " .. "" .. " .... """"" .. """"".. "." .. ,,"". 1703 Anthomorphidae Okulitch, 1935 " ...... " .... " ...... " .. " .. 1657 [Amphoriscandra) Haeckel, 1872 ... " .... " ...... " .. "" ...... "" ...... "". 1703 Anthomorphina Okulitch, 1935 ...... " ...... """ .. " ...... """."" .... 1656 [Amphoriscetta) Haeckel, 1872 ...... " .... " .... " ...... " ...... " .... " ...... " ... 1703 Anthomorphoidea Okulitch, 1935 .... "" ...... " ..... " .. "." .... """" ... ,, ...... 1657 Amphoriscidae Dendy, 1892 "" ...... "" .. " .... " .. " .. " .. " .. """ .. """"" .. " 1177 Anthosigmella Topsent, 1918 ...... " ...... """" ...... """." ... 176 [Amphoriscortis) Haeckel, 1872 ...... "." .. " .. " .. " .. " ...... " 1703 Anthotethya Sara & Sara, 2002 " ...... "."" .... " .. "."."" ..... "." .. " ...... 249 Amphoriscus Haeckel, 1870 .. " .. ""...... " .... " .. " .... " ...... " ...... 1178 Anthracosycon Girty, 1909 ...... "" ...... "" ...... " ...... " .. " ... 389 [Amphoriscyssa) Haeckel, 1872 ...... " ...... "" .. ".""""" ... """ .. " 1703 Antoniocoscinus A Zhuravlev, 1988 ...... " ...... " .. " .. " .... " .. ""." .. " .. " 1617 Amphorithalamiidae Senowbari-Daryan & Rigby, 1988 ... """ ...... " 1521 Antrospongia Rigby & Chatterton, 1989 ." ...... " .. "." .... """" ...... "" ... 389 [Amphoriulandra) Haeckel, 1872 ...... " .... " ...... 1703 Apatospongia Marshall, 1892 ...... " ...... " .. """ .... " .. " ...... """. 800 [Amphorula) Haeckel, 1872 " .. " .. " .. "" .. " .. """ ...... """"... " .... " ...... 1703 Aphorme Schulze, 1899 .... "" ... """ .. " .. " .. " ...... " ..... " ...... " .. ". 1458 [Amphorulaitis) Haeckel, 1872 ... "." .. "" .. " ...... "." .. "" ...... " .. " .. " 1703 Aphrocallistes Gray, 1858 ...... " ...... " .. " .... " ...... """. 1217, 1282 [Amphorulandra) Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Aphrocallistidae Gray, 1867 " .... " ...... " .. " .. " .... " .. """ ..... "." .. 1217,1281 Amplaspongia Rigby & Webby, 1988 """ ..... " ...... "" ...... " ... 389 Aphrocallistidae; Schulze, 1904 " .... " ...... " ...... "...... 1282 Anaata de Laubenfels, 1932 " .. " .. " .... " .. " ...... " .. " .... " .. "" ...... " ..... " ... 440 [Aphroceraltis) Haeckel, 1872 " ... " .. " ...... " ..... " .. " ...... " 1703 Anacanthaea Row, 1911 ..... " ..... " ...... " ...... 766 [Aphrocerandra) Haeckel, 1872 " ...... " ...... "" .. "." .... """"." ...... " 1703 Anaderma Levi & Levi, 1983 .... " ...... " ...... " ...... 321 Aphroceras Gray, 1858 ." .. "" .. " ...... ""." .. " ...... " .... " ..... " ...... " ... ".,, 1167 Anamixilla Polejaeff, 1883 ...... " ...... " ...... 1173 [Aphroceretta) Haeckel, 1872 .... " ...... " ... "." .. "." .... " ...... " .. ". 1703 Anaptyctocyathidae Debrenne, 1970 ...... 1624 [Aphrocerortis) Haeckel, 1872 ...... " ...... """" .. " ...... """ ...... " 1703 Anaptyctocyathus Debrenne, 1969 ...... " ...... " ...... 1624 [Aphroceryssa) Haeckel, 1872 ... " ...... " .... " ...... " .. " ..... 1703 Anatoxius Lendenfeld, 1887 ...... " ...... 838 Aphrodite Lendenfeld, 1886 ...... " ...... """ .... " .. " ...... 1055 Anaulosoma Kirkpatrick, 1907 ...... " ...... " ...... 1444 Aphrosalpingidae Myagkova, 1955 ...... " .. " .... 1521 Anchinoe Gray, 1867 ...... " ...... " ...... " ...... 585 [Aplysia) Nardo, 1833 "" ...... " ..... " .. " ...... " .... " ...... "." ..... """. 1083 Anchinoidae Topsent, 1928 ...... 575 [Aplysiae) Pliny (Holland, 1634) ...... " ...... "" ...... 1701 Ancorella Lendenfeld, 1906 ...... 145 Aplysilla Schulze, 1878 ...... """ ... "".""" ..... """.""" ... 1069 Ancorina Schmidt, 1862 ...... lIS Aplysillidae Lendenfeld, 1883 " ...... """" ... """ .... " .... """ ...... " .. ". 1068 Ancorinidae Schmidt, 1870 ...... 105, 108 Aplysina Nardo, 1834 " ..... " ...... "" ...... 1083 Andreaea Schrammen, 1902 ...... 1217 Aplysinella Bergquist, 1980 ...... " ...... " ...... 1095 Angaricyathus Zhuravleva, 1965 ...... 1607 Aplysinellidae Bergquist, 1980 ...... 1082, 1094 Angullongiidae Webby & Rigby, 1985 ...... " ...... 1521 Aplysinidae Carter, 1875 ...... " ..... 1082 Anheteromeyenia SchrOder, 1927 ...... " ...... " ...... 929 Aplysinopsis Lendenfeld, 1888 ...... 1033 Anisocrella Topsent, 1927 ...... " ...... " ...... 557 Aponastra Topsent, 1927 ...... 811 Anisotylacanthaea Vacelet, 1969 ...... " ...... " ...... 420 Aporata Seilacher, 1962 ...... " ...... " ...... 1521 [Anisoxya] Topsent, 1898 ...... 813 Aporosocyathus Kruse, 1978 " ...... " ...... " ...... 1603 Annaecoeliidae Senowbari-Daryan, 1978 ...... 1521 Aptocyathella Konyushkov, 1964 ...... " ...... " ...... 1638 [Annandalea) Topsent, 1928 ...... " ...... 183 Aptocyathus Vologdin, 1932 ...... " ...... " ...... " ...... 1638 [Annandalena) Topsent, 1932 .... " ...... " ...... 183 Arabescula Carter, 1873 ...... " ...... 385,1702 Annulocyathella Vologdin, 1962 ...... "" .. " .... " .... " .. """ .. " ...... " .. " 1598 [Arborella) Gatehouse, 1968 (nom. subs!. for Rankenella Kruse) ...... 57 Annulocyathidae Krasnopeeva, 1953 .... """"..... " ...... " ...... 1597 Arborohindia Rigby & Webby, 1988 ..... " ...... " ...... 392 Annulocyathoidea Krasnopeeva, 1953 ...... 1595 Arcesios Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 " ...... 1701 AnnulocyathusVologdin, 1937 ...... " ...... " ...... 1597 Archaeata Zhuravleva & Myagkova, 1970 .... "" .. " ..... "." ...... 1122 Annulofungia Krasnopeeva, 1955 ...... " ...... 1598 Archaeocliona Czerniavsky, 1878 ."" ...... """ .. " .. " ...... """ ... " .. 180 Anomochone Ijima, 1927 ..... " ...... " ...... " ...... 1343 Archaeocyatha Bornemann, 1884 ...... " ...... " .. "." ... 12,54,1117,1539 Anomocladidae Zittel, 1878 ...... """""""" .. """"".""."" 299,363 Archaeocyathida Okulitch, 1935 ...... "" ...... 1650 Index of Higher Taxa to Volumes 1 and 2 xxiii

Archaeocyathidae Hinde, 1889 ...... 1667 Ascute Dendy & Row, 1913 ...... 1160 Archaeocyathina Okulitch, 1935 ...... 1659 Ascyssa Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1160 Archaeocyathoidea Hinde, 1889 ...... 1663 Aspiculata Rigby & Senowbari-Daryan, 1996 ...... 1118 Archaeocyathus Billings, 1861 ...... 1667 Aspidoscopulia gen. nov. (Reiswig) ...... 1333 Archaeolynthus Taylor, 1910 ...... 1548 Asteractinella Hinde, 1887 ...... 1118, 1137 Archaeopharetra R Bedford & WR Bedford, 1936 ...... 1665 [Asteractinellidae] de Laubenfels, 1955 ...... 1136 Archaeopharetridae R Bedford & WR Bedford, 1936 ...... 1664 Asteriospongia Rigby, 1977 ...... 1130 Archaeoscyphia Hinde, 1889 ...... 389 Asterocalyx Moret, 1926 ...... 399 Archaeosycon Taylor, 1910 ...... 1668 Asterocyathidae Vologdin, 1956 ...... 1616 Archaeosyconidae Zhuravleva, 1954 ...... 1668 Asterocyathus Vologdin, 1940 ...... 1616 Archicladium Qian, 1984 ...... 1122 AsteromeyeniaAnnandale, 1911 ...... 933 Ardrossacyathus R Bedford & J Bedford, 1937 ...... 1651 [Asterophora] Sollas, 1887 ...... 105 Arenochalina Lendenfeld, 1887 ...... 676 Asteropus Sollas, 1888 ...... 122 Arenochalininae Lendenfeld, 1888 ...... 669 [Asterostreptidae] Topsent, 1902 ...... 141 Arenosclera Pulitzer-Finali, 1981 ...... 846 Asterotumulus Kashina, 1964 ...... 1627 Arndtanchora de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 606 Astraeoconus Rietschel, 1968 ...... 1125 Arrythmocricus Debrenne & James, 1981 ...... 1667 [Astraeospongia] Romer, 1860 ...... 1129 Artemisina Vosmaer, 1885 ...... 463 Astraeospongiidae Miller, 1889 ...... 1128 [Artenisina] Burton, 1934 ...... 463 Astraeospongium Romer, 1854 ...... 1129 Arthrocyathus Vologdin, 1977 ...... 1638 [Astraxinellidae] Dendy, 1905 ...... 169,186 [Arturocyathus] Rozanov, 1973 ...... 1597 Astrella Sollas, 1886 ...... 110 [Artynaltus] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Astrocladia Zittel, 1878 ...... 401 [Artynandrium] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Astrocladiidae Schrammen, 1924 ...... 401 [Artynandrus] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Astroheteromeyenia Schroder, 1927 ...... 933 [Artynas] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Astrolemma Scharmmen, 1924 ...... 399 [Artynella] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1703 [Astromeyenia] Schroder, 1927 ...... 933 [Artynellandra] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Astromimus Lendenfeld, 1897 ...... 792 Artynes Gray, 1867 ...... 1701 Astromonaxonellida Dendy, 1905 ...... 169 [Artynettus] Haeckel, 1872: 406 ...... 1703 Astropeplus Sollas, 1888 ...... 114 [Artynium] Haeckel, 1870: 246 ...... 1703 Astrophora Sollas, 1888 ...... 105 [Artynophyllum] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1703 Astrophorida Sollas, 1887 ...... 1521 [Artynortus] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Astrophorida Sollas, 1888 ...... 53 [Artynyssium] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Astrophoridae Brien, 1968 ...... 105 Asbestopluma Topsent, 1901 ...... 637 Astrophorina Wiedenmayer, 1977 ...... 105 [Asbestopluma] Lankester, 1882 ...... 637 Astroplakina Dendy & Burton, 1926 ...... 114 [Ascaltaga] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Astrosclera Lister, 1900 ...... 61,69 Ascaltis Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1150 Astroscleridae Lister, 1900 ...... 817, 824 [Ascaltometra] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 [Astrospongia] Gray, 1867 ...... 727 [Ascaltopa] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 [Astrostreptidae] Auc!...... 141 Ascandra Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1147 Astrotetraxonida Hentschel, 1909 ...... 16 [Ascandraga] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Astylinifer Topsent, 1927 ...... 416 [Ascandrometra] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Astyloscyphia Rigby & Pisera, 200 I ...... 392 [Ascandropa] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Astylospongia Roemer, 1860 ...... 392 [Asceta] Ganin, 1879 ...... 1703 Astylospongiella Rigby & Lenz, 1978 ...... 392 [Ascetra 1 Allemand, 1907 ...... 1703 Astylospongiidae Zittel, 1878 ...... 391 [Ascetta] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Astylostroma Rigby & Webby 1988 ...... 392 [Ascettaga] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Astylotuba Rigby & Pisera, 2001 ...... 392 [Ascettometral Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Asychis Gray, 1867 ...... 859 [Ascettopa] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Ataxiocyathus Debrenne, 1974 ...... 1677 [Ascettusa] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Atergia Stephens, 1915 ...... 208 [Ascilla] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Athnacama de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 666 [Ascillaga] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Atlantisella gen. nov. (Tabachnick) ...... 1416 [Ascillopa] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Attungaia Pickett, 1969 ...... 392 [Ascoleucetta] Dendy & Frederick, 1924 ...... 1150, 1703 Atysite Toulouzan & Negrel, 1824 ...... 1702 [Ascometra] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Aulascus Schulze, 1886 ...... 1503 Asconema Kent, 1870 ...... 1458 Aulaxinia sensu Levi & Levi 1988 ...... 366 [Asconema] Schmidt, 1880 ...... 1234 Aulaxinia Zittel, 1878 ...... 399 Asconematidae Gray, 1872 ...... 1443 Aulena Lendenfeld, 1885 ...... 1062 Asconematinae de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 1443 Aulenella Burton & Rao, 1932 ...... 439 [Ascortagal Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Auletta Schmidt, 1870 ...... 727 [Ascortis] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Auliscia Schmidt, 1866 ...... 1701 [Ascortopa] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Au1iscocyathidae Debrenne & A Zhuravlev, 1992 ...... 1682 [Ascortusa] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Auliscocyathoidea Debrenne & A Zhurav1ev, 1992 ...... 1681 Ascosymplegma Rauff, 1938 ...... 1522 Auliscocyathus Debrenne, 1974 ...... 1683 Ascosymplegmatidae Boiko in Boiko et al., 1991 ...... 1521 Auloca1ycidae Ijima, 1927 ...... 1361, 1372 [Asculmis] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Aulocalycoida Tabachnick & Reiswig, 2000 ...... 1202, 1361 [Ascuris] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Aulocalyx Schulze, 1886 ...... 1364 xxiv Index of Higher Taxa to Volumes 1 and 2

Aulochone Schulze, 1886 ...... 1470 Bajalus Lendenfeld, 1885 ...... 1078 [Aulochonen] Schulze, 1885 ...... 1474 Balanella Schulze, 1887 ...... 1465 [Aulochoninae] Schulze, 1885 ...... 1443 Balanites Schulze, 1886 ...... 1465 Aulocopella Rauff, 1894 ...... 389 Balliviaspongia Boury-Esnault &Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1992 ...... 1015 Aulocopidae de Laubenfels, 1955 ...... 388 Barbozia Dendy, 1922 ...... 689,708 Aulocopium Oswald, 1847 ...... 389 Barroisia Munier-Chalmas in Steinmann, 1882 ...... 1119, 1522 Aulocopoides Howell, 1952 ...... 389 Basiectyon Vacelet, 1961 ...... 485 Aulocricus Debrenne, 1987 ...... 1607 [Basta] Oken, 1815 ...... 1090 Aulocystidae Sollas, 1887 ...... 1377 Bathydorus Schulze, 1886 ...... 1463 [Aulocystidae] Schulze, 1885 ...... 1378 Bathyxiphus Schulze, 1899 ...... 1318 Aulocystis Schulze, 1886 ...... 1380 Batschykicyathus A Zhuravlev 1983 ...... 1557 [Aulocystis] Schulze, 1885 ...... 1380 Battersbyia Bowerbank, 1874 ...... 151 Aulodictyon Kent, 1870 ...... 1336 Batzella Topsent, 1891 ...... 522 Aulodomus Schrammen, 1937 ...... 1216 Becksia Schltiter, 1868 ...... 1222 Auloplacidae Schrammen, 1912 ...... 1293 Becksiidae Schrammen, 1912 ...... 1222 Auloplax Schulze, 1904 ...... 1294 Beltanacyathidae Debrenne, 1974 ...... 1677 [Auloplegma] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1703 [Beltanacyathidae] Debrenne, 1970 ...... 1677 [Auloplegma] Schmidt, 1879 ...... 1383 Beltanacyathoidea Debrenne, 1974 ...... 1676 [Auloplegmaltis] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1703 Beltanacyathus R Bedford & J Bedford, 1936 ...... 1677 [Auloplegmandra] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1703 Belubulaspongia Rigby & Webby, 1988 ...... 392 [Auloplegmetta] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1703 Belyaevaspongia Senowbari-Daryan & Ingevat-Helmcke, 1994 ...... 1522 [Auloplegmilla] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1703 Bematia Rosell & Uriz, 1997 ...... 176 [Auloplegmortis] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1703 Bethia de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 473 Aulorhipis Ehlers, 1871 ...... 1702 Bicoscinus Debrenne, 1977 ...... 1687 [Aulorhiza] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1150 Biemna Gray, 1867 ...... 643,665 Aulorossella Kirkpatrick, 1907 ...... 1444 Biemnidae Hentschel, 1923 ...... 642 [Aulorrhiza] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1703 Biminia Wiedenmayer, 1977 ...... 897 Aulosaccus Ijima, 1896 ...... 1461 Bipallicyathidae Debrenne, Rozanov & A Zhuravlev, 1989 ...... 1581 Aulosoma Schrammen, 1924 ...... 398 Bipallicyathus A Zhuravlev, 1982 ...... 1581 Aulosomidae Schrammen, 1924 ...... 397 Bipocillopsis Koltun, 1964 ...... 585 Aulospongiella Burton, 1956 ...... 480 Blastulospongia Pickett & Jell, 1983 ...... 1532 Aulospongus Norman, 1878 ...... 480 Blondetia Herenger, 1944 ...... 1220 [Aurora] Sollas, 1888 ...... 114 Boikothalamiidae Reitner & Engeser, 1985 ...... 1522 [Aurorella] de Laubenfels, 1957 ...... 114 Bolosoma Schulze, 1904 ...... 1403 Australospongia Howell, 1952 ...... 389 Bolosominae subfam. nov. (Tabachnick) ...... 1402 Autodermalia Reid, 1958 ...... 1387 Boonderooia Rigby & Webby, 1988 ...... 392 Axechina Hentschel, 1912 ...... 496 Borocyathus Voronin, 1988 ...... 1590 Axiamon Hallmann, 1914 ...... 744 Botomocyathidae Zhuravleva, 1955 ...... 1610 Axidragma Hallmann, 1917 ...... 727 Botomocyathus Zhuravleva, 1955 ...... 1612 Axinectya Hallmann, 1917 ...... 475 [Botryllus] Oken, 1815 ...... 1702 Axinella Schmidt, 1862 ...... 727 Brachiaster Wilson, 1925 '" ...... 146 Axinellida Carter, 1875 ...... 16 Brachiospongia Marsh, 1867 ...... 1214 Axinellida; Bergquist, 1970 ...... 16 Brachiospongiidae Beecher, 1889 ...... 1214 Axinellida; Levi, 1957 ...... 721 Brachiospongioidea Finks, 1960 ...... 1214 Axinellidae Carter, 1875 ...... 721,724 Bractocyathus Kruse, 1978 ...... 1625 Axinellides Levi, 1953 ...... 721 Breitfussia Borojevic et al., 2000 ...... 1170 Axinomimus de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 793 Brochodora Schrammen, 1910 ...... 395 Axinosia Hallmann, 1914 ...... 727 Bronchocyathidae R Bedford & J Bedford, 1936 ...... 1567 Axinyssa Lendenfeld, 1897 ...... 792 Bronchocyathoidea R Bedford & J Bedford, 1936 ...... 1558 Axocielita de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 440 Brondstedia Burton, 1929 ...... 657 Axociella Hallmann, 1920 ...... 444 Bubaridae Topsent, 1894 ...... 721,748 Axoniderma Ridley & Dendy, 1887 ...... 640 Bubarinae Topsent, 1894 ...... 748 Axoplocamia Burton, 1935 ...... 503 Bubaris Gray, 1867 ...... 749 Axos Gray, 1867 ...... 187 Bubaropsis Levi & Vacelet, 1958 ...... 751 Axosuberites Topsent, 1893 ...... 444 Bursalina Schmidt, 1875 ...... 210 Azorica Carter, 1873 ...... 352 Burtonanchora de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 609 Azoricidae Sollas, 1888 ...... 300, 352 Burtonella de Laubenfels, 1928 ...... 423 Bactronella Hinde, 1900 ...... 1188 Burtonispongia de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 522 Bactronellidae de Laubenfels, 1955 ...... 1186 Burtonitethya Sara, 1994 ...... 250 [Badiaga] Buxbaum, 1729 ...... 1701 Burtonulla Borojevic & Boury-Esnault, 1986 ...... 1146 Baeria Miklucho-Maclay, 1870 ...... 1194 Butakovicyathus Zhuravleva, 1980 ...... 1549 Baerida Borojevic et aI., 2000 ...... 1108, 1193 [Cacochalina] Schmidt, 1868 ...... 837 Baeriidae Borojevic et aI., 2000 ...... 1194 Cacospongia Schmidt, 1862 ...... 1030 Bailwlocyathus Yazmir, 1974 ...... 1573 Cadniacyathus R Bedford & J Bedford, 1937 ...... 1564 Baikalolepis Makushok, 1927 ...... 972 Calcabrina Sollas, 1888 ...... 155 Bailwlospongia Annandale, 1914 ...... 972 Calcarea Bowerbank, 1864 ...... 12,1117,1511 Bajalidae Levi, 1958 ...... 1078 Calcaronea Bidder, 1898 ...... 1109, 1117 Index of Higher Taxa to Volumes 1 and 2 xxv

[Calcepongia] Lamarck, 1836 ...... 1701 Cassianothalamiidae Reitner, 1987 ...... 1533 Calcichondrilla Reitner, 1991 ...... 59 [Casula] Gray, 1872 ...... 96 Calcifibrospongia Hartman, 1979 ...... 918 [Casuladae] Gray, 1872 ...... 85 Ca1cifibrospongiidae Hartman, 1979 ...... '" ...... 892, 918 Caucasocoelia Boiko, 1990 ...... 1532 Ca1cinea Bidder, 1898 ...... 1109, 1117, 1141 Cauliculospongia Rigby & Chatterton, 1989 ...... 389 Calcispongia (Grant, MS) de Blainville, 1830 ...... 1701 Caulocalyx Schulze, 1886 ...... 1406 Ca1cispongiaJohnston, 1842 ...... 1511 Caulodiscus Ijima, 1927 ...... 1469 [Ca1cispongia] de Blainville, 1834 ...... 1117 Caulophacella Lendenfeld, 1915 ...... '" ...... '" ...... 1465 Ca1cispongiae Johnston, 1842 ...... 11 Caulophacidae Ijima, 1903 ...... 1441 Calcistella Reitner, 1991 ...... 59 Caulophacus (Caulodiscus) Ijima, 1927 ...... 1469 [Caledoniella] Tabachnick & Levi, 2002 ...... 1405 Caulophacus (Caulophacus) Schulze, 1886 ...... 1466 Callibrochis Schrammen, 1912 ...... 1220 Caulophacus Schulze, 1886 ...... 1466 Callicylix Schrammen ...... 1381 Caulospongia Kent, 1871 ...... 230 Callipelta Sollas, 1888 ...... 345 Cavispongia Quenstedt, 1878 ...... 1222 Callisphaera Gray, 1870 ...... 1701 Cavochalina Carter, 1885 ...... 840 [Callisphaera] sensu Schulze, 1887 ...... 1268 [Cavochalinidae] Carter, 1875 ...... 835 Callites Schmidt, 1868 ...... 766 [Cavolina] de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 1702 Callopegma Zittel, 1878 ...... 399 [Cavolinia] Nardo, 1833 ...... 1702 Callymatina Zittel, 1878 ...... 399 Cellicyathus Debrenne & A Zhuravlev, 1990 ...... 1659 Callyspongia (Callyspongia) Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 ...... 838 Cellularia Reiswig & Mackie, 1983 ...... '" ...... 11 Callyspongia (Cavochalina) Carter, 1885 ...... 840 Cellulophana Schmidt, 1862 ...... 1702 Callyspongia (Cladochalina) Schmidt, 1870 ...... 841 Celyphia Pomel, 1872 ...... '" ...... 1511 Callyspongia (Euplacella) Lendenfeld, 1887 ...... 843 Ce1yphiidae de Laubenfels, 1955 ...... 1521 Callyspongia (Toxochalina) Ridley, 1884 ...... 844 Centrosia Schrammen, 1910 ...... 1222 Callyspongia Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 ...... 836 Ceotineliidae Senowbari-Daryan in Fliigel et al., 1978 ...... 1521 Callyspongiidae de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 834 Cephalites Smith, 1848 ...... 1222 Calthropella Sollas, 1888 ...... 128, 143 Ceractinomorpha Levi, 1953 ...... 16,53 Calthropellidae Lendenfeld, 1907 ...... 105, 127 Ceraochalina Lendenfeld, 1887 ...... 838 Calycocoelia Bassler, 1941 ...... 389 Ceratella Gray, 1868 ...... 1702 Calycosaccus Schulze, 1899 ...... 1461 Ceratelladae Gray, 1868 ...... '" ...... 1702 Calycosilva Lendenfeld, 1915 ...... 1503 [Ceratodendron] Marshall, 1877 ...... 1055 Calycosoma Schulze, 1899 ...... 1494 [Ceratopora] Hickson, 1911 ...... 826 Calyptocoscinidae Debrenne, 1964 ...... 1648 Ceratoporella Hickson, 1911 ...... 60,69, 826 Calyptocoscinoidea Debrenne, 1964 ...... 1647 Ceratoporellida Hartman & Goreau, 1972 ...... '" ...... 817 Calyptocoscinus Debrenne, 1964 ...... 1648 Ceratoporellidae Hartman & Goreau, 1972 ...... 60,824 Calyptorete Okada, 1925 ...... 1303 Ceratopsion Strand, 1928 ...... 495 Calyx Vosmaer, 1885 ...... 895 [Cera tops is] Thiele, 1898 ...... 495 Calyxadocia de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 882 Cerbaris Topsent, 1898 ...... 751 Cambrocyathellus Zhuravleva, 1960 ...... 1651 Cercidochela Kirkpatrick, 1907 ...... 704 Cameroptychium d'Orbigny, 1847 ...... 1222 Cerelasma Haeckel, 1889 ...... 1702 Camerospongia d'Orbigny, 1847 ...... 1222 Cerelpemma Haeckel, 1889 ...... 1702 Caminella Lendenfeld, 1894 ...... 139 Cerelpsamma Haeckel, 1889 ...... 1702 Caminus Schmidt, 1862 ...... 136 Cervicomia Riitzler & Hooper, 2000 ...... 174 Camptisocale Topsent, 1927 ...... '" ...... '" ...... 621 [Chabakovicyathacea] Rozanov, 1973 ...... 1639 Candidaspongia Bergquist et ai., 1999 ...... 1049 Chabakovicyathidae fam. nov. (Rozanov, in Canistrumella Rigby, 1986 ...... 1126 Debrenne, Zhuralev & Kruse) ...... 1639 Canningella Rigby, 1986 ...... 389 [Chabakovicyathidae] Rozanov, 1973 ...... 1639 Cantabrina Ferrer-Hernandez, 1914 ...... 510 Chabakovicyathoidea superfam. nov. (Rozanov, in Capsulocyathina Zhuravleva, 1964 ...... 1641 Debrenne, Zhuralev & Kruse) ...... 1639 Capsulocyathus Vologdin, 1964 ...... 1641 Chabakovicyathus Konyushkov, 1964 ...... 1640 Carinacyathidae Krasnopeeva, 1953 ...... 1605 Chaetetidae Milne-Edwards & Haime, 1850 ...... 13,58 Carinacyathus Vologdin, 1932 ...... 1605 Chaetodoryx Topsent, 1927 ...... 529 Carmia Gray, 1867 ...... 678 Chakassicyathus Zhuravleva & Osadchaya, 1974 ...... 1579 Camleia Burton, 1930 ...... 240 Chalarina de Laubenfels, 1955 ...... 1118 Carnosa Carter, 1875 ...... 16 Chalaronema Ijima, 1927 ...... 1257,1258 Carphites Finks, 1960 .. , ...... 1214 [Charalonema] Tabachnick & Menshenina, 2002 ...... 1257 Carpicyathus Osadchaya, 1967 ...... ,. 1574 [Chalina] Grant, 1861 ...... 858 Carpospongia Rauff, 1894 ...... '" ...... 392 Chalinella Lendenfeld, 1887 ...... 838 Carteiadae Gray, 1872 ...... 1232 Chalinidae Gray, 1867 ...... 834,852 [Carterella] Potts, 1881 ...... 942 Chalinissa Lendenfeld, 1887 ...... 727 [Carteria] Gray, 1867 ...... 1232 Chalinodendron Lendenfeld, 1887 ...... 853 Carteriospongia Hyatt, 1877 ...... 1046 Chalinopora Lendenfeld, 1887 ...... 838 [Carterispongia] Ridley, 1884 ...... 1046 Chalinopsididae Schmidt, 1870 ...... 819 Carterius Petr, 1886 ...... '" ...... 942 Chalinopsidinae Schmidt, 1870 ...... 819 Cartilospongia Bowerbank, 1845 ...... 1701 Chalinopsilla Lendenfeld, 1888 ...... 847 Casearia Quenstedt, 1858 ...... 1219, 1532 Chalinopsis Schmidt, 1870 ...... 820 Cassianothalamia Reitner, 1987 ...... 54,1533 [Chalinopsis] Lendenfeld, 1886 ...... 847 xxvi Index of Higher Taxa to Volumes 1 and 2

Chalinorhaphis Lendenfeld, 1887 ...... " ...... ". 912 Cladorhiza Sars, 1872 .. " .. """ ...... " ...... """"" ...... ,,",, .. ,,. 640 Chalinula Schmidt, 1868 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""". 853 Cladorhizeae Dendy, 1922 ...... " ...... """" ...... ,,",, ... 636 Chancelloriidae Walcott, 1920 "",,""",,"""",,"""""""""""""""",,. 1118 Cladorhizidae de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... """ ...... """",, ...... ,,"",, ..... 636 Changicyathus Debrenne & A Zhuravlev, 1990 """""""""""""""" 1674 Cladorhizidae Dendy, 1922 ...... " ...... " .... " ...... 634,636 Chankacyathidae Yakovlev, 1959 """"""""""""""""""""""""""" 1656 Cladothenea Koltun, 1964 ...... " .. " ...... " ...... ,," " .. " ...... " " ...... " ... 148 Chankacyathoidea Yakovlev, 1959 """"""""""""""""",,,,""""""" 1656 [Claraxinellida] Levi, 1957 ...... ,,"" " ...... """" .. ,,. 721 Chankacyathus Yakovlev, 1959 """""""""""""""""""""""""""". 1656 Claruscoscinidae Debrenne & A Zhuravlev, 1992 " ...... """ ...... ,, 1661 Characella Sollas, 1886 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 147 [Claruscoscinidae] Debrenne, in Debrenne etal., 1989 " ...... ,,""" 1661 Chaunangium Schulze, 1904 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""". 1394 Claruscoscinus Handfield, 1971 "" .... """" ...... ,,",, ...... 1662 Chaunoplectella Ijima, 1896 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""'" 1449 [Clatharia] Kumar, 1925 ...... " ...... " ...... "".... " ... 437 Cheilosporitiidae Fischer, 1962 """""""""""""""""""""""""""'" 1521 Clathria (Axosuberites) Topsent, 1893 ...... "" .. " .. """ .... ,,""""",, ...... 444 Chelonaplysilla de Laubenfels, 1948 """""""""""""""""""""""" 1071 Clathria (Clathria) Schmidt, 1862 ...... 437 Chelotropaena Lendenfeld, 1906 """""""""""""""""""""""""""" 154 Clathria (Dendrocia) Hallmann, 1920 ...... " .... " ...... 442 Chelotropella Lendenfeld, 1907 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""" 130 Clathria (!sociella) Hallmann, 1920 ...... 445 Chenendopora Lamouroux, 1821 """""""""""""""""""""""""""" 401 Clathria (Microciona) Bowerbank, 1862 .... " ...... " ...... 440 Chenendoporidae Schrammen, 1924 """"""""""""""""""""""""'" 401 Clathria (Thalysias) Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 ...... 447 Chiastoclonella Rauff, 1895 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 389 Clathria (Wilsonella) Carter, 1885 ...... 439 Chiastoclonellidae Rauff, 1895 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""". 389 Clathria Schmidt, 1862 ...... " ...... 437 Chiastosia Topsent, 1928 "".""".".""""""."""" .. """.".".""" .. ""."" 605 Clathricoscinidae Rozanov, 1964 .. " ...... " .. " ...... " ...... 1650 Chilcaia Carrera, 1994 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""". 1 139 Clathricoscinoidea Rozanov, 1964 ...... ,," 1649 Choanitidae de Laubenfels, 1936 """""""""""""""""""" 169,220,266 Clathricoscinus Zhuravleva, 1955 ...... " .. " ...... 1650 Choia Walcott, 1920 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 55,1117 Clathricyathellus Borodina, 1974 ...... " .. " ...... " ..... 1613 Choiella Rigby & Hou, 1995 """""""""",,"""""""""""""""""""",,. 55 Clathricyathus Vologdin, 1939 ...... " .... " ...... " .... " ...... " 1613 Choiidae de Laubenfels, 1955 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""". 55 Clathriella Burton, 1935 .. " ...... 460 Chondrilla Schmidt, 1862 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""". 293 Clathriidae Lendenfeld, 1884 .... " ...... " .... " ...... " ...... 432 Chondrillastra Topsent, 1918 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 293 Clathrina Gray, 1867 ...... " ...... " "" ...... "" ...... 1142 Chondrillidae Gray, 1872 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 169,291 Clathrinida Hartman, 1958 .. " ...... " ...... "" .. " ...... 1108, 1141 Chondrillina de Laubenfels, 1936 """"""""""""""""""""""""""". 222 Clathrinidae Minchin, 1900 ...... " " ...... " .. " ...... " ...... ". 1141 Chondrissinae Lendenfeld, 1885 """""""""""""""""""""""""""". 291 Clathriodendron Lendenfeld, 1888 "" ...... " " ...... " .. " .. ". 475 Chondrocladia Thomson, 1873 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""'" 638 Clathriopsamma Lendenfeld, 1888 ...... " .... "" ...... ". 439 Chondropsidae Carter, 1886 """",,""",,""""""""""",,"",,"""""""" 520 Clathrissa Lendenfeld, 1888 ...... " ...... " ...... " ... 585 Chondropsina Carter, 1886 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 521 Clathrithalamus Debrenne & Kruse, 1986 .. " .... " ...... " ...... " ...... " 1612 Chondropsis Carter, 1886 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 522 Clathrochone gen.nov. (Tabachnick) " ...... " ...... " .. " " ...... " .. " ... 1507 Chondrosia Nardo, 1847 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""",,. 292 Clathrodictyidae Kuhn, 1939 ...... " ...... " "" ...... " ...... " .. " ... 69 Chondrosida Boury-Esnault & Lopes, 1985 """""""""""""""""",,. 291 Clathrospongia Hall & Clarke, 1898 .... " .. " .. " ...... " .... " ...... "" ..... 1212 Chondrosides Levi, 1956 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""". 291 Clavaxinellida Levi, 1957 ...... " .. " ...... " ...... " 721 Chondrosiidae Schulze, 1877 "",,"""",,""""""",,"""""",,"""" 169,291 Clavaxinellides Levi, 1956 """""" .. """"" .. " ...... " .. " .... " ...... " ...... ,, .. 721 Chondrosiidae; Wiedenmayer, 1977 """""""""""""""""""""" 169,291 Clavellomorpha Hansen, 1885 .. " .... "" .. "" .. " ...... " .. " .... " .. " .. " ...... " .. 156 Chondrosiina Wiedenmayer, 1977 """"""""""""""""""""""""""'" 291 Claviscopulia Schulze, 1899 ...... " ...... " .... " ...... 1335 Chondrospongiae Lendenfeld, 1886 """"""""""""""""""""" .... "",, .. 16 Claviscopulia; Levi, 1990 ...... "" ...... "" .... " ...... " ..... 1332 Chonelasma (in part) Schulze, 1886 """""""""""""""""""""""". 1285 Clavulidae Vosmaer, 1885 ...... " ...... "" .... " ...... " ...... 170 Chonelasma Schulze, 1886 ...... " ...... " .. " " ...... 1320 Clavulides Topsent, 1898 ...... " ...... "" ...... " ... 170 Chonelasmatidae Schrammen, 1912 ...... " " .... " ...... 1301 Clavulina Vosmaer, 1885 ...... " ...... " ...... " ...... " .. " .... " .. " ... 170 Chonelasmatinae; Reid, 1958 ...... " .. "" ...... "" .. " .... " ...... " .... " 1301 Cliefdenelliidae Webby, 1969 .... " ...... " .. " .... " ...... " ...... " .. " ...... 1521 Chonella Zittel, 1878 .. "" .. " ...... " ...... "" ...... 398 Cliefdenospongia Rigby & Webby, 1988 .... " ...... 390 Chonellidae Schrammen, 1924 .. " .... " .... " ...... "" .. ,, ...... 397 Clinolabis Topsent, 1927 .. "" ...... " .... " .. " ...... " .. " ...... "" .... " ...... 532 Chonellopsis Schrarnmen, 1937 ...... " .... " ...... " ...... " 398 Cliona Grant, 1826 .... " ...... " .... " ...... " ...... 176 Chonodictyon Reid, 1958 ...... " .. " ...... "" .. """"" .. " .. "" ...... "",, .. ,, 1336 Clionaidae d'Orbigny, 1851 ...... "" .. " ...... " ...... " .... 171,173 Choristida Sollas, 1885 .. " .... "" .. " ...... " .. "" .. " .... " ...... " .. 105 Clionaopsis nom. nov. (Rutz1er) .. " .. " ...... " ...... " ...... 174 Choristidae Sollas, 1880 ...... " .. " .... " ...... """" .. " ...... ,, 105 [Clioniadae] Gray, 1867 " .... " .... " ...... " ...... " ...... " ...... " 173 Chouberticyathus Debrenne, 1964 .. " ...... " .... "" .... " .. " ...... ,," 1659 [Clionidae] d'Orbigny, 1851 " ...... " ...... " ...... " ...... 173 Chrotella Sollas, 1888 " .. " ...... " ...... "" ...... " .... " ...... 96 [Clionopsis] Thiele, 1905 .... " ...... " ...... 178 Cinachyra Sollas, 1886 ...... " .... " ...... " .... " ...... 89 Cliothosa Topsent, 1905 " .. "" ...... " ...... " ...... " ...... " .. 174 Cinachyrella Wilson, 1925 .. " .... " .. " .. " .. """"" .. """" .. "" .. " ...... " .. ,, 90 [Clistolynthaltis] Haeckel, 1872 ...... " ...... " ...... 1703 [Cinochyra] Sollas, 1886 ...... "".. " ...... " ...... 89 [Clistolynthandra] Haeckel, 1872 " .. " .... """ ...... " ...... ,, ...... 1703 Ciocalapata de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... " .. " ...... " ...... " ...... "" .. " .. " 795 [Clistolynthetta] Haeckel, 1872 .... "" ...... "" .... " ...... " ...... " .. "". 1703 Ciocalypta Bowerbank, 1862 ...... "" ...... "" ...... " ...... " ...... " 796 [Clistolynthilla] Haeckel, 1872 .... "" ...... """ ...... " ...... " .. " .... ,,. 1703 Ciocalyptidae Hentschel, 1923 ...... " ...... " .. "",, ...... 787 Clypeatula Peterson & Addis, 2000 " ...... "" ...... " ...... 937 Cionanchora de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... """ ...... """" .. " ...... ,,,,. 551 [Clystolynthus] Haeckel, 1870 ...... " ...... "" .... " ...... " ... 1703 Cioxeamastia de Laubenfels, 1942 ...... " .. " ...... " .. " ...... " .. " .. " ...... 799 Cnemidiastridae Schrammen, 1937 .. " ...... " ..... " .. " ...... " ...... 397 Cipicidae Termier & Termier, 1974 ...... """ ...... "",, ...... ,,""",, ... 1521 Cnemidiastrum Zittel, 1878 .. " ...... " .... " ...... " .... "" ...... ". 398 Citronia gen. nov. (Cook & Bergquist) ...... 1066 Cockbainia Rigby, 1986 ...... " ...... " ...... " .... " ...... 389 Cladochalina Schmidt, 1870 """" ...... " .. " ...... "". 841 Coelectys Topsent, 1936 ...... " ...... " ...... " ... 529 Cladocroce Topsent, 1892 ...... """ ...... " .. " .... ,, ...... 856 Coelocalypta Tapsent, 1928 " ...... "." ...... " ...... "." ...... " ...... "." .. 788 Cladodermia Schrammen, 1924 " ...... "" .... " .... " ...... " ...... " .. 401 Coelocarteria Burton, 1934 .. " ...... " ...... " ...... " ...... "." ...... ". 703 Cladodia Moret, 1926 ...... " ...... " ...... " " ...... " ..... 396 Coelocorypha Zittel, 1878 .... " .. " .. "." ...... """ .... " ...... " .. " .... ,,. 398 [Cladopeltidae] Sollas, 1888 .... """""" ...... ,,""",, ...... 338 Coelodischela Vacelet et aI., 1976 .. " ...... " .. " .. " .. " .. " ..... " ...... "" ...... ". 651 Index of Higher Taxa to Volumes 1 and 2 xxvii

Coeloptychidae Zittel, 1877 ...... 1222 Corticulospongia Rigby & Chatterton, 1989 ...... 1216 Coeloptychium Goldfuss, 1826 ...... 1223 CortispongillaAnnandale, 1918 ...... 976 Coelosphaera (Coelosphaera) Thomson, 1873 ...... 531 Corvoheteromeyenia Ezcurra de Drago, 1979 ...... 930 Coelosphaera (Histodermion) Topsent, 1927 ...... 532 Corvomeyenia Weltner, 1913 ...... 990 Coelosphaera Thomson, 1873 ...... 529 Corvospongilla Annandale, 1911 '" ...... 931 Coelosphaereae Dendy, 1922 ...... 528 [Corybas] Gray, 1867: 537 ...... 657 Coelosphaerella de Laubenfels, 1934 ...... 417 Corynonema; Levi, 1964 ...... 1236 Coelosphaericon Bakus, 1966 ...... 529 Corythophora Hernandez, 1932 ...... 1278 Coelosphaeridae Dendy, 1922 ...... 520,528 Corythophoridae de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 1267 Coelosphaeridae; Hentschel, 1923 ...... 528 Coscinaulus Schrammen, 1937 ...... 1223 Coelosphaeroma Schrammen, 1910 ...... 398 Coscinocyathella Vologdin, 1957 ...... 1648 [Coelospongia] Termier & Termier, 1977 ...... 1118 Coscinocyathellidae Zhuravleva, 1956 ...... 1646 [Coenospongia] Termier & Termier, 1977 ...... 1118 Coscinocyathellus Vologdin, 1940 ...... 1646 Coenostoma Haeckel, 1869 ...... 1701 Coscinocyathidae Taylor, 1910 ...... 1646 [Coenostomandra] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Coscinocyathina Zhuravleva, 1955 ...... 1645 [Coenostomandrium] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Coscinocyathoidea Taylor, 1910 ...... 1646 [Coenostomella] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1703 Coscinocyathus Bornemann, 1884 ...... 1646 [Coenostomellium] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Coscinoderma Carter, 1883 ...... 1056 [Coenostomium] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Coscinodiscidae Schrammen, 1937 ...... 394 [Coenostomortis] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Coscinodiscus Schrarnmen, 1937 ...... 394 Coetinella Panti, 1975 ...... 1533 Coscinonema; Levi, 1964 ...... '" ...... 1238 Collatipora Finks, 1960 ...... 389 Coscinoporidae Zittel, 1877 ...... 1301 Collectella Schmidt, 1880 ...... 384 Coscinoporidae; Schulze, 1886 ...... 1301 [Collinella] Schmidt, 1879 ...... 384 Coscinoptycta Broili, 1915 ...... 1630 Collocalypta Dendy, 1905 ...... 796 Coscinoptyctidae Debrenne et al., 1989 ...... 1630 Colloclathria Dendy, 1922 ...... 447 Coscinoptyctoidea Debrenne et al. 1989 ...... 1629 Collosclerophora Dendy, 1917 ...... 522 Coscinospongia Lendenfeld, 1903 ...... 313 Collospongelia Hernandez, 1923 ...... 1062 Coscinospongiidae Lendenfeld, 1903 ...... 312 Collospongia Bergquist, Cambie & Kernan, 1990 ...... 1040 Coscinostoma Schrammen, 1910 ...... 398 Colospongia Laube, 1865 ...... 1522 CostiferWilson, 1925 ...... 374 Colospongiidae Senowbari-Daryan, 1990 ...... 1521 Cotylahindia Rigby & Bayer, 1971 ...... 392 Colospongiidae; Boiko & Belyaeva, 1991 ...... 1521 Cotylina Lundbeck, 1905 ...... 637 Colossolacis Schrammen, 1910 ...... 402 Crambeidae Levi, 1963 ...... 520,547 Columnitis Schmidt, 1870 ...... 251 Crambeidae; Maldonado et ai., 2001 ...... 547 [Cometella] Schmidt, 1870 ...... 253,637 CrambeVosmaer, 1880 ...... 548 Complicatocyathus Yaroshevich, 1990 ...... 1641 [Crambidae] Levi, 1963 ...... 547 Composi!ocyathus Zhuravleva, 1960 ...... 1567 Craniella Schmidt, 1870 ...... 92 Composocalyx Schulze, 1904 ...... 1257 Craniellida Reid, 1968 ...... 83 Conannulofungia Yuan, 1980 ...... 1567 Craniellidae de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 85 [Conasterium] Ehrenberg, 1861 ...... 1391 Craniellopsis Topsent, 1913 ...... 92 Conorete Ijima, 1927 ...... 1305 Crassicoscinidae Debrenne et ai., 1988 ...... 1620 Constellatospongia Rigby, 1977 ...... 1131 Crassicoscinus Rozanov & A Zhuravlev, 1988 ...... 1620 Copleicyathidae R Bedford & J Bedford, 1937 ...... 1670 Craterella Schrammen, 1901 ...... 399 Copleicyathus R Bedford & J Bedford, 1937 ...... 1670 Crateromorpha (Aulochone) Schulze, 1886 ...... 1474 Coppatias Sollas, 1888 ...... 114 Crateromorpha (Caledochone) Tabachnick & Levi, 2002 ...... 1476 Coppatiidae Topsent, 1898 ...... 108 Crateromorpha (Craterochone) subgen.nov. (Tabachnick) ...... 1477 Coralliospongia Gray, 1867 ...... 1201 Crateromorpha (Crateromorpha) Gray in Carter, 1872 ...... 1471 Corallistes Schmidt, 1870 ...... 313 Crateromorpha (Neopsacas) sUbgen.nov. (Tabachnick) ...... 1479 Corallistidae Sollas, 1888 ...... 300, 312, 392 Crateromorpha Gray in Carter, 1872 ...... 1470 Corallistides Moret, 1926 ...... 312 Crateromorphidae Gray, 1872 ...... 1441 Corallistinidae Schrammen, 1903 ...... 312 [Crateromorphinae] Sculze, 1885 ...... 1443 Corbitella Gray, 1867 ...... '" 1415 Craticularia Zittel, 1877 ...... 1287 Corbitellinae Ijima, 1902 ...... 1413 Craticularidae Rauff, 1893 ...... 1287 Cordilleracyathus Handfield, 1971 ...... 1607 Craticulariidae Rauff, 1893 ...... 1217, 1281 Cordobicyathidae Perejon, 1975 ...... 1554 Crella (Crelia) Gray, 1867 ...... 559 Cordobicyathus Perejon, 1975 ...... 1554 Crella (Grayella) Carter, 1869 ...... 560 Cornacuspongiae Vosmaer, 1887 ...... 16 Crella (Pytheas) Topsent, 1890 ...... 562 Cornacuspongida Vosmaer, 1887 ...... 722 Crella (Yvesia) Topsent, 1892 ...... 563 [Cornulacantha] Levi & Levi, 1983 ...... 426 Crella Gray, 1867 ...... 557 Cornulella Dendy, 1922 ...... 417 Crellancistra de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 667 Cornulidae Levi & Levi, 1983 ...... 412 Crellastrina Topsent, 1927 ...... 565 Cornulotrocha Topsent, 1927 ...... 417 Crelleae Dendy, 1922 ...... 556 Cornulum Carter, 1876 ...... 417 Crellidae Dendy, 1922 ...... 556 [Corticellaj Sollas, 1888 ...... 128, 143 Crellidae; Hentschel, 1923 ...... 520,556 Corticellopsis Bergquist, 1968 ...... 128 Crellina Hentschel, 1914 ...... 557 Corticiidae Vosmaer, 1887 ...... 71 Crellinspira de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 557 Corticium Schmidt, 1862 ...... 76 Crellomima Rezvoi, 1925 ...... 564 xxviii Index of Higher Taxa to Volumes 1 and 2

Crellomyxilla Dendy, 1924 ...... 609 Darwinella Muller, 1865 ...... 1069, 1075 Crelloxea Hechtel, 1989 ...... 557 Darwinellidae Merejkowsky, 1879 ...... 1068 [Cribrella] Schmidt, 1862 ...... 558, 578 [Darwinia] Schulze, 1865 1069 ...... 1069 Cribrochalina Schmidt, 1870 ...... 877 Dasychalina Ridley & Dendy, 1886 ...... 878 Cribrospongia d'Orbigny, 1849 ...... 1218, 1290 Davidicyathus Debrenne et al., 1990 ...... 1559 Cribrospongiidae Roemer, 1864 ...... 1218, 1281, 1290 Deanea Bowerbank, 1875 ...... 1356 Crinorhiza Schmidt, 1880 ...... 638 Deceptioncyathus Gravestock, 1984 ...... 1564 Crucicyathus Gravestock, 1984 ...... 1620 Defordia King, 1983 ...... 390 Cryptax de Laubenfels, 1954 ...... 789 Degeletticyathus Zhuravleva, 1969 ...... 1575 Cryptocoeliidae Steinmann, 1882 ...... 1521 Dehornella Lecompte, 1952 ...... 59 Cryptocoeliopsis Wilckens, 1937 ...... 1522 Delaubenfelsia Dickinson, 1945 ...... 176 Cryptoporocyathidae Zhuravleva, 1960 ...... 1641 Delectona de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 284 Cryptoporocyathus Zhuravleva, 1960 ...... 1641 Demospongiae Sollas, 1885 ...... 12, 17,52,1521 Cryptospongia Burton, 1928 ...... 1702 Denaecyathus Zhuravleva 1967 ...... 1570 Cryptosyringa Vacelet, 1979 ...... 111 Dendoricella Lundbeck, 1905 ...... 568 Cryptotethya Dendy, 1905 ...... 110, 260 Dendoricellidae Hentschel, 1923 ...... 520,567 [Cryptotethya] de Laubenfels, 1949 ...... 110, 259 Dendoryx Gray, 1867 ...... 609 Cucumaltina Brimaud & Vachard, 1986 ...... 398 Dendrectilla Pulitzer-Finali, 1983 ...... 857 Cyamon Gray, 1867 ...... 498 Dendrilla Lendenfeld, 1883 ...... 1070 Cyamoninae subfam. nov. (Hooper) ...... 498 Dendroceratida Minchin, 1900 ...... 1067 Cyathelia Schmidt, 1880 ...... 1355 Dendrocia Hallmann, 1920 ...... 442 [Cyathiscus] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1703 Dendropsis Ridley & Dendy, 1886 ...... 763 Cyathocricus Debrenne, 1969 ...... 1567 [Dendrospongia] Hyatt, 1875 ...... 1084, 1350 Cyathophycus Walcott, 1879 ...... 1213 [Dendrospongia] Murie, 1877 ...... 1350 Cyclocnema Schrammen, 1910 ...... 399 Dendroxea Griessinger, 1971 ...... 857 Cyclocyathella Vologdin, 1960 ...... 1569 Dendya Bidder, 1898 ...... 1145 Cyclostigma Schrammen ...... 1381 Deningeria Wilckens, 1937 ...... 1522 Cydonium Fleming, 1828 ...... 138 Deningeriidae Boiko in Boiko et ai., 1991 ...... 1521 Cyliconema; Levi, 1964 ...... 1240 Densa de Laubenfels, 1934 ...... 916 Cylindrophyma Zittel, 1878 ...... 394 Densocyathidae Vologdin, 1937 ...... 1564 Cylindrophymatidae de Laubenfels, 1955 ...... 394 Densocyathus Vologdin, 1937 ...... 1564 Cylindrophymidae Schrammen, 1937 ...... 394 Dentatocoscinus A Zhuravlev, 1988 ...... 1620 Cymbastela Hooper & Bergquist, 1992 ...... 731 Dentatocyathus Okuneva, 1972 ...... 1560 Cypellia Pomel, 1872 ...... 1220 Dercitancorina Topsent, 1902 ...... 155 Cypelliidae Schrammen, 1937 ...... 1220 Dercitopsis Dendy, 1905 ...... 80 Cyrtaulon Schulze, 1886 ...... 1343 Dercitus Gray, 1867 ...... 151 Cystauletes King, 1943 ...... 1522 Dermatreton Jenkin, 1908 ...... 1170 Cystauletidae Belyaeva, 1991 ...... 1521 Desmacella Schmidt, 1870 ...... 644,665 Cystispongia Roemer, 1864 ...... 1222, 1380 Desmacellidae Ridley & Dendy, 1886 ...... 634, 642 Cystispongia sensu Schmidt, 1880 ...... 1379 Desmacellina Ridley & Dendy, 1886 ...... 642 Cystospongia Wu, 1991 ...... 1522 Desmacellinae; Ridley & Dendy, 1887 ...... 642 Cystothalamia Girty, 1908 ...... 1522 Desmacididae Schmidt, 1870 ...... 520, 572 Cystothalamiidae Girty, 1908 ...... 1519 Desmacidinae; Schmidt, 1870 ...... 572 Cytoracea Pomel, 1872 ...... 398 Desmacidon Bowerbank, 1861 ...... 573 Cytoraceidae Schrammen, 1924 ...... 397 Desmacidonidae Gray, 1872 ...... 572 [Dactylella] Gray, 1873 ...... 96,777 Desmacidontidae; de Laubenfels, 1955 ...... 572 [Dactylella] Thiele, 1898 ...... 777 Desmacodes Schmidt, 1870 ...... 1701 Dactylia Carter, 1885 ...... 847 Desmanthidae Topsent, 1894 ...... 300, 356 Dactylites Finks, 1960 ...... 389 Desmanthus Topsent, 1894 ...... 357 Dactylocalycidae Gray, 1867 ...... 1281, 1293 Desmapsamma Burton, 1934 ...... 574 Dactylocalyx sensu Bowerbank, 1869 ...... 377 Desmascula de Laubenfels, 1950 ...... 361 Dactylocalyx Stutchbury, 1841 ...... 1296 Desmatiderma Topsent, 1928 ...... 653 Dactylochalina Lendenfeld, 1886 ...... 836 Desmoderma Schrammen, 1937 ...... 1221 Dactylospongia Bergquist, 1965 ...... 1037 Desmophorida Levi, 1973 ...... 300 Dactylotidae Schrammen, 1924 ...... 401 Desmoxya Hallmann, 1917 ...... 763 Dactylotus Schrammen, 1910 ...... 401 Desmoxyidae Hallmann, 1917 ...... 721,755 Daedalopelta Sollas, 1888 ...... 346 Desmoxyidae; Bergquist, 1970 ...... 755 Daedalopeltidae de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 344 Desmoxyinae Hallmann, 1917 ...... 755 Dailycyathus Debrenne, 1970 ...... 1564 Devonoscyphia Reitschel, 1968 ...... 392 Damiria Keller, 1891 ...... 420 Diacarnus Burton, 1934 ...... 699,708 Damiriana de Laubenfels, 1950 ...... 540 Diactinolopha Sara, 1960 ...... 78 Damiriella Burton, 1935 ...... 540 Diagonialla Rauff, 1894 ...... 1212 Damirina Burton, 1959 ...... 430 [Dialytina] Rauff, 1893-1894 ...... 1118 Damiriopsis Burton, 1928 ...... 603 Diapleura Ijima, 1927 ...... 1222, 1383 Damo Gray, 1867 ...... 1702 Diap1euridae Ijima, 1927 ...... 1222, 1377, 1383 Damonilla de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 564 Diaretula Schmidt, 1879 ...... 1357 Damoseni de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 447 Diastra Row, 1911 ...... 114 Index of Higher Taxa to Volumes 1 and 2 xxix

Dicranoc1adina Schrammen, 1924 ...... 106 Dragmacidon Hallmann, 1917 ...... 734 Dicranoclonella Schrammen, 1937 ...... 394 Dragmastra Sollas, 1888 ...... 110 Dictyaulus Schulze, 1895 ...... 1418 Dragmatella Ha11mann, 1917 ...... 645 Dictyocalyx Schulze, 1886 ...... 1420 Dragmatyle Topsent, 1904 ...... 488 Dictyoceratida Minchin, 1900 ...... '" ...... '" ...... '" ... 1021 Dragmaxia Hallmann, 1916 ...... 735 Dictyoceratina Minchin, 1900 ...... 1021 Druinella Lendenfeld, 1889 ...... 1086 Dictyociona Topsent, 1913 ...... 437 Druinellidae Lendenfeld, 1889 ...... 1086 Dictyoclathria Topsent, 1920 ...... 456 Drulia Gray, 1867 ...... 994 Dictyocoelia Ott, 1967 ...... 1522 Dunhillia Rigby & Webby, 1988 ...... , 389 Dictyocyathidae Taylor, 1910 ...... 1659 [Dunstervillia] Bowerbank, 1845 ...... 1703 Dictyocyathoidea Taylor, 1910 ...... 1659 Duosclera Reiswig & Ricciardi, 1993 ...... 935 Dictyocyathus Bornemann, 1891 ...... 1659 Dupliporocyathus Yazmir, 1975 ...... 1608 Dictyocylindrus Bowerbank, 1862 ...... 475 Duriella Row, 1911 ...... 1030 Dictyodendrilla Bergquist, 1980 ...... '" ... 1073 [Duseidea] Delage, 1899 ...... 1062 Dictyodendrillidae Bergquist, 1980 ...... , ...... ,. 1072 [Duseideia] Johnston, 1842 ...... 1062 Dictyofavidae Debenne & A. Zhuravleva, 1992 ...... 1679 [Dyctioclathria] Ferrer-Hernandez, 1921 ...... 456 Dictyofavina Debrenne, 1991 ...... '" ...... ,...... 1678 Dymnus Gray, 1867 ...... 1702 Dictyofavoidea Debenne & A. Zhuravleva, 1992 ...... 1679 Dyscliona Kirkpatrick, 1900 ...... 285 DictyoJavus Gravestock, 1984 ...... 1679 [Dyseideia] Lieberkiihn, 1859 ...... 1062 Dictyonella Schmidt, 1868 ...... 775 Dysidea Johnston, 1842 ...... 1062 Dictyonellidae Van Soest, Diaz & Pomponi, 1990 ...... 723,773 Dysideidae Gray, 1867 ...... 1021, 1061 Dictyonina Zittel, 1877 ...... 1201 Dysideopsis Lendenfeld, 1888 ...... 1030 Dictyospongia Hall & Clarke, 1898 ...... 1212 [Dysidia] Agassiz, 1846 ...... 1062 Dictyospongiidae Hall, 1884 ...... 1212 Dysidicinia Lendenfeld, 1889 ...... 1024 Dictyosycon Zhuravleva, 1960 ...... 1665 [Dyssicarium] Delage, 1899 ...... 1703 Didiscus Dendy, 1922 ...... 708,758 [Dyssycaltella] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Didymocyathus Debrenne & Rozanov, 1972 ...... 1615 [Dyssycaltus] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Diotricheum van Kempen, 1989 ...... 389 [Dyssycandrella] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Diplacodium Schmidt, 1880 ...... 1296 [Dyssycandrium] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Diplastrella Topsent, 1918 ...... 221 [Dyssycandrus] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Diplocyathellus Debrenne, 1977 ...... 1615 [Dyssycarium] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Diplodemia Bowerbank, 1864 ...... 863 [Dyssycettus] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 [Dirrhopalum] Ridley, in Ridley & Duncan, 1881 ...... 457 [Dyssycillus] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Discodermia du Bocage, 1869 ...... 328 [Dyssyconella] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1704 Discodermiidae; Schrammen, 1924 ...... 327 [Dyssycortus] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Discoderminae Schrammen, 1910 ...... 327 [Dyssyculmus] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Discorhabdella Dendy, 1924 ...... 551 [Dyssycum] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1704 Discosiphonella Inai, 1936 ...... 1522 [Dyssycyssus] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 [Distomus] Oken, 1815 ...... 1702 [Ebnerella] Breitfuss, 1896 ...... 1171 Disyringa Sollas, 1888 ...... 116 Echinaxia Hallmann, 1916 ...... 475 Ditela Schmidt, 1862 ...... 1052 Echinochalina (Echinochalina) Thiele, 1903 ...... 449 [Djeddea] (Miklucho-Maclay, MS) Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Echinochalina (Protophlitaspongia) Burton, 1934 ...... 450 Docoderma Finks, 1960 ...... 1214 Echinochalina Thiele, 1903 ...... 449 Docodermatidae Finks, 1960 ...... 1214 Echinoclathria Carter, 1885 ...... 461 Doconesthes Topsent, 1928 ...... 1496 [Echinoclathria] Carter, 1884 ...... 461 Docosaccus Topsent, 1910 ...... 1395 Echinodictyinae subfam. nov. (Hooper) ...... 506 Dokidocyathella Zhuravleva, 1960 ...... 1554 Echinodictyum Ridley, 1881 ...... 506 Dokidocyathellidae Debrenne, 1964 ...... 1553 [Echinonema] Carter, 1875 ...... 447 Dokidocyathidae R Bedford & WR Bedford, 1936 ...... 1552 Echinoplocamia Burton, 1959 ...... '" ...... 457 Dokidocyathina Vologdin, 1957 ...... 1552 Echinospongia Gray, 1870 ...... 187 Dokidocyathoidea R Bedford & WR Bedford ,1936 ...... 1552 [Echinospongia] Brien, 1974 ...... 1004 Dokidocyathus Taylor, 1910 ...... 1552 Echinospongilla nom. nov. (Manconi & Pronzato) ...... 1004 Dolichacantha Hentschel, 1914 ...... 420 Echinostylinos Topsent, 1927 ...... 621 Donatia Nardo, 1833 ...... 248 Ecionemia Bowerbank, 1862 ...... '" .... 118 Donatiadae Gray, 1872 ...... 245 EctoJorcepia Cabioch, 1968 ...... 532 Donatiadae; Carter, 1875 ...... 169 Ectyobatzella Burton & Rao, 1932 ...... 553 Donatiidae; Baer, 1906 ...... 245 Ectyodesmia Topsent, 1928 ...... 580 Donotella de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 289 Ectyodoryx Lundbeck, 1909 ...... 540 [Dorvilia] Pocta, 1883 ...... 156 Ectyomyxilla Hentschel, 1914 ...... '" ...... 609 Dorvillia Kent, 1870 ...... 156 Ectyon Gray, 1867 ...... 819 Doryderma Zittel, 1878 ...... '" ...... 395 Ectyonancora Levi, 1963 ...... 603 Dorydermidae Schrammen, 1924 ...... 395 Ectyonida Carter, 1875 ...... 819 Dorypleres Sollas, 1888 ...... 110 Ectyonidae Carter, 1875 ...... 819 Dosilia Gray, 1867 ...... 933 Ectyonilla Ferrer-Hernandez, 1914 ...... 96 Dotona Carter, 1880 ...... 285 Ectyonillidae Ferrer-Hernandez, 1914 ...... 85 Dotonella Dendy, 1924 ...... 272 Ectyonopsis Carter, 1883 ...... 603 Dracolychnos X. Wu & Xiao, 1989 ...... 1532 Ectyoplasia Topsent, 1930 ...... 483 xxx Index of Higher Taxa to Volumes 1 and 2

Ectyostylopus Topsent, 1928 ...... " ...... " ...... " ..... " ...... 580 Eurete (Gymnorete); Reid, 1963 """ .. "" .. "" .. "" .. "" .. "" .. "" .. """",, .. 1309 Eiffelia Walcott, 1920 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 1117,1124 Eurete (Heterorete); Reid, 1963 """ .. """" .. """"",, .... ,,",," .. "",,"",, 1311 Eiffeliidae Rigby, 1986 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 1123 Eurete Semper, 1868 """"""""""" .... """"""" .. ,, .. ,, .. ,,",, .... ,,. 1216,1308 Eilhardia Polejaeff, 1883 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""'" 1195 Euretidae Zittel, 1877 .. " .. "" .. """"" .... " .. "" .. "" .. "",, .. ,, 1216, 1281, 1301 Ellesmerospongia Rigby, 1970 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 392 Euretinae; Reid, 1958 .. "" .. " .. " .. "",, .. ,,""""""""""""""""""""""" 1303 Emplocus Gray, 1867 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""'" 609 Euricinia Lendenfeld, 1889 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""". 1023 Endectyon (Endectyon) Topsent, 1920 """""""""""""""""""" .. ",," 485 [Euryades) Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 """"""""" .. "" .. ,,"""" 1075 Endectyon (Hemectyon) Topsent, 1920 """"""""""""""""""""""'" 485 Euryphylla Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 """"" .. ,,"""""""""""" 175 Endectyon Topsent, 1920 .. """,,"""""""""""""""""""""""""""",,. 483 Euryphylle Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 """"""""""""""""""" 175 Endorete Topsent, 1928 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""". 1306 Euryplegma Schulze, 1886 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 1364 Ensiferites Reimann, 1945 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""". 1131 Euryplegmatidae de Laubenfels, 1955 """" .. """""""""""""""""" 1362 Eochaunactis Rigby & Dixon, 1979 """"""""""""""""""""""""". 390 Eurypon Gray, 1867 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""'" 488 Epallax Sollas, 1888 """"""""""",, .. ,,""",, .. ,,"""""""""""""""""" 189 Euryponidae Topsent, 1928 """""""""""""""""""" .. " .. """",, .. ,,",,. 469 Ephydatia Lamouroux, 1816 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""".,," 937 Eurysiphonella Haas, 1909 " .... " .. """" .. """""" .... "" .. """ .. ,, .. ,,,, ...... 1522 Epicles Gray, 1867 """""""" .. """""""""""""""""""""" .. ,,""""",,. 488 Euryspongia Row, 1911 .. " .. " .. "" .... " .. " .. """ .... " .... " ...... """ .. " .. ,, 1064 Epipolasida sensu de Laubenfels, 1936 """"""""""""""""""""""". 105 Euspongia Bronn, 1859 ...... """ .. " .. """ .. "".... "" .. " .. " .... "" .. ,, ...... 1052 [Epipolasidae) Sollas, 1888 """""""""""""""""""""""""""". 106, 108 Euspongilla Vejdovsky, 1888 " .. " .... """" ...... "" .. " .. "" .... " .. ",, ...... 926 Epipolasis de Laubenfels, 1936 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""". 798 Eustrobilus Schrammen, 1910 " .... """ .. " ...... " .. " .. """ .. " .. ",, ...... ,,",, ... 402 [Epiptrum) Oken, 1815 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 1702 [Euthymus) Gray, 1867 """"""""" .. "" .. """"" .... """" .. ",, .. ,,",, .. ,,"" 1701 Epistomella Zittel, 1878 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 398 Euzkadiella Reitner, 1987 """"""".. " .... """ .... """ .. "" .. ,,""""",, .. ,,",, .. 60 Erbocyathidae Vologdin & Zhuravleva, 1956 """""""""""""""""" 1586 Evenor Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 " .. "" .. " .... " .. " .. " .. """ .. " .. ,, 1702 Erbocyathoidea Vologdin & Zhuravleva, 1956 "" .. "",, .. ,,""""""""" 1585 Evomerula de Laubenfels, 1936 "" .. "" .. """""""""" .... "" .. """",, .. ,, .. 667 Erbocyathus Zhurav1eva, 1950 " .. ,,"""""""""""""""""""""""""" 1586 Exanthesis Regnard, 1926 .. " .. "" .... """""" ...... " .... """" .. ",, .. ,,""",,. 1223 Eremitacyathidae Debrenne, 1992 """" .. """""""""""""" .. ,,"""",,. 1654 Exaxinata de Laubenfels, 1936 " .. """ ...... "" .. " .. " ...... " .. " .. "" .. ,, ... 640 [Eremitacyathidae) Zamarrefio & Debrenne, 1977 """"""""""""'" 1654 Exodictya Moret, 1926 .. " .... """""""""" .. " .. """,, .. ",,,,",,",, .. """""" 396 Eremitacyathus Zamarrefio & Debrenne, 1977 """""""""""""""". 1654 Fallocyathidae Rozanov, 1969 " .. """""" .... "" .... """ .. " .. " .. ,,,,,, ...... 1601 Erineum Schrammen, 1937 """"""""""""""""""""""" .. """"""". 1219 Fallocyathus Rozanov, 1969 """" .. " .... """ .. "" .. """ .. """",,,, .. ,,",, .. ,, 1601 Erismacoscinina Debrenne et al., 1989 """""""""""""""""""""". 1615 Fangophilina Schmidt, 1880 "" .. """""".... "" .... """"""",,",, .. ,, .... ",,,,. 94 [Erismacoscinina) A. Zhuravlev, 1988 """"""""""""""""""""""" 1615 Fania Senowbari-Daryan, 1990 " .... " .. " ...... " ...... """" .. " .. "" .... " .. ,,. 1522 Erismacoscinus Debrenne, 1958 """"""""""""" .. """""" .... ,,""",,. 1617 Fansycyathus Korshunov & Rozanov, 1969 """" .... """""""" .. " .. ,," 1603 Erugatocyathus Debrenne, 1969 """"" .. """""""""""""""""" .. ",,. 1615 Fanthalamia Senowbari-Daryan & Engeser, 1996 .. " .. " .. """"",, .. ,," 1522 Erugatocyathus; Debrenne, 1970 "" .. """"""""""""" .... """""",,.,,. 1625 Farrea Bowerbank, 1862 """"" .... """" .. """.... "" .. ,,"",, .. ,,"""""",,. 1336 Erylidae Lendenfeld, 1910 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 134 Farreadae Gray, 1872 """"" .. " .. """ .... " .. """"""",, .. ,,""""",,. 1281, 1332 Erylus Gray, 1867 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 135 Farreidae; Schulze, 1885 .. """"""" .. """"""",, .... ,,""",, .. ,," .. """",,. 1332 Esperella Vosmaer, 1887 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""". 674 Fascaplysinopsis Bergquist, 1980 """"""""""""""""" .. """",, .. ,,,,. 1039 Esperellinae Ridley & Dendy, 1887 """"""" .. "",, .. ,,""""""""""""" 669 Fasciospongia Burton, 1934 """""""""""""""""""""""""" .. "."". 1036 [Esperia) Nardo, 1833 """"""""""""""""""""" .. """"""""""""",,. 669 Fasubera de Laubenfels, 1936 " .. " .. """".. """""""" .. "" .. ,,""",, .. ,, ..... 553 Esperiadae Gray, 1867 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""". 669 Favilynthidae Debrenne, 1989 """"""" .. " .. " .. """""""" .. """ .. " .. ,,,,. 1551 [Esperiella) Vosmaer, 1887 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""".,," 669 [Favilynthidae) Debrenne, 1974 .. " .. """ .. " .... """ .. " .. " .. ,,""",, .. ,, .. ,," 1551 Esperiopsidae Hentschel, 1923 """""",,""""""""""""""""""" 634,656 Favilynthus Debrenne, 1974 " .... "" .... """""""""" .. "" .. " .. ,,"",, .. ,,"" 1552 Esperiopsis Carter, 1882 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 659 Feifelia Schrammen, 1937 "".... "" .. """" .. " .. """" .. " .... ,,"""",, .. ,,",,. 1216 Ethmocoscinidae Zhuravleva, 1957 """"""""""""""""""" .. """",,. 1628 Fenestraspongia Bergquist, 1980 .. """ .... ,,"""""",,",,",,",, .. ,,"",,"" 1039 Ethmocoscinoidea Zhuravleva, 1957 """"""""""""""""" .... """",,. 1627 Fenestrocyathus Handfield, 1971 """"""""""" .. """"""""""""",, .. 1663 Ethmocoscinus Simon, 1939 """"" .. """"""""" .. """" .... """,,,,",, ... 1628 Fenestrospongia Rigby & Webby, 1988 "" .. "" .. """"""""".. " .. " .. """ 392 Ethmocyathidae Debrenne, 1969 """"""""""""""""""""""""""'" 1573 Ferrerhernandezia de Laubenfels, 1936 """"""""""""""""""""""" 576 Ethmocyathus R Bedford & WR Bedford, 1934 """"""""""""""". 1573 Fibrocoelia van Kempen, 1978 " .. """"".. " .. "" .. "".. """ .. ,,""",, .. ,,",,. 389 Ethmophyllidae Okulitch, 1937 """"" .. """""",,,,"",,,,"",,"""""",,. 1607 [Fibularial sensu Carter, 1882 """"" .. """""""""" .... """""" .. ,,,, .. ,,,,. 648 Ethmophylloidea Okulitch, 1937 """" .. """""""""""""""""""""". 1600 Fibulia Carter, 1886 " .. """""""""""" .. " .. "" .. """" .. """""""",, .. ,,",,. 569 Ethmophyllum Meek, 1868 """"",,""",,"""""""""""""""""""""" 1607 Ficulina Gray, 1867 " .... """"""""" .. "" .. """.. """""" .. ,, .. ,,""",, .. ,,",,. 240 Euastrophorida Reid, 1963 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 106 Fieldingia Kent, 1870 """"""""" .. """" .. """ .. "" .. " .. " .. " .. " .. ,,",, .. ,, .. 1358 Euastrosa Sollas, 1886 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""" .. "". 106, 108 Filifera Lieberktihn, 1859 """" .... """""""""""".. """",, .. ,,"",, .. ,,"" 1023 Euceratosa Dendy, 1905 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 1021 Finksella Rigby & Dixon, 1979 "" .. """"""""" .. """""""" .. ,,"",,.,, ... 390 Euchalina Lendenfeld, 1887 """",,"",,""",,""",,""",,"""""""""",,. 838 Fisherispongia de Laubenfels, 1936 .. "" .. "" .. """"""" .... ,,""""""",,. 440 Euchalinopsis Lendenfeld, 1887 """""""""""""""""""" .. """"""". 863 [Fistula) Oken, 1815 "" .. """""""""""""""""""" .. " .. """"""""" .. " 1701 Euchelipluma Topsent, 1909 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""". 653 Fistularia Bowerbank, 1844 """"" .. """"""",, .. ,,""""""""""""""" 1083 [Eudictym) Schulze, 1887 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""",,",," 1701 Fistulispongia Termier & Termier, 1977 " .... " .. " .. " .. "" .. """"...... ",,. 1522 Eudictyon Marshall, 1875 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""". 1415 Fistulispongiidae Termier & Termier in Termier et al., 1977 "" .. " .. " 1521 Eudictyum Schulze, 1886 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 1415 Fistulospongia Rigby, 1986 " .. """"".. """" ...... " .. """""""""".. ,,,,",,. 389 Euhyalonema Levi, 1964 """"""""""""""""""" .. ,,"""""""""""". 1234 Flexanulus Debrenne, 1975 "" .. """"" .. """""""""" .. "" .. ,, ...... ,,",,. 1603 Eumastia Schmidt, 1870 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 805 Foliolina Schmidt, 1870 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 897 Eunapius Gray, 1867 """""""" .. """"" .. " .... """ .. """ .. " .. ,,,,",,",,",,,,. 940 Folitispa de Laubenfels, 1936 """"""""""""" .. """"" .. ,,""""""",, ... 553 Euplacella Lendenfeld, 1887 """""""" .. """""""""""""""""""""". 843 Fonteia Gray, 1867 """""""" .. " .. " .... """""""" .... """" .. " .. ,,""",, .. ,, .. 414 Euplectella Owen, 1841 """""" .. """""""" .. """ .. """" .. "" .. """"" .. 1391 Forcepia (Forcepia) Carter, 1874 "".. """ .. ,,"""",, .. ,,""""""""""""" 533 [Euplectelladea) Gray, 1867 " .. """" .. """""""" .. " .. """ .. ,,"",, .. ,,",, .. 1388 Forcepia (Leptolabis) Topsent, 1901 " .. """""""""""" .. "" .. ,,""",, ..... 536 Euplectellaria Schrammen, 1903 """"" .. """ .. " .. "" .. """""",, .. ,,"",,. 1387 Forcepia Carter, 1874 "" .. """"""" .. """""" .. "".. """"""" .. """""""" 532 Euplectellidae Gray, 1867 " .. """" .. """ .... " .. """ .. " .. ",, .. "",,""",,",,. 1387 Forcepina Vosmaer, 1887 """" .. """""""""" .. """,, .. ,, .... ,,""""""""" 532 Euplectellinae; Schulze, 1886 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""'" 1389 Forcipina Vosmaer, 1885 """""""""""""""""""" .... """"""""""",,. 532 Index of Higher Taxa to Volumes 1 and 2 xxxi

Formosocyathus Vologdin, 1940 ...... 1579 Grella de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 557 Fragilicyathidae Belyaeva 1975 ...... 1686 Griphodictya Hall & Clarke, 1898 ...... 1212 Fragilicyathoidea Belyaeva, 1975 ...... 1685 Guadalupia Girty, 1908 ...... 1522 Fragilicyathus Belyaeva, 1969 ...... 1686 Guadalupiida Termier & Termier in Termier et al., 1977 ...... 1521 Fransuasaecyathidae Debrenne, 1964 ...... 1645 Guadalupiidae Girty, 1908 ...... '" 1521 Fransuasaecyathus Zhuravleva, 1960 ...... 1645 Guancha Miklucho-Maclay, 1868 ...... 1143 Frinalicyathus Debrenne et aI., 1974 ...... 1575 Guettardia Michelin, 1847 ...... 1219 Fusifer Dendy, 1896 ...... 416 Guitarra Carter, 1874 ...... 654 Gabrielsocyathus Debrenne, 1964 ...... 1671 Guitarreae Dendy, 1924 ...... 651 Gagarinicyathidae Debrenne et aI., 1989 ...... 1600 Guitarridae Dendy, 1924 ...... 651 Gagarinicyathus Zhuravleva, 1968 ...... 1600 Gumbycyathus Kruse, 1982 ...... '" ...... 1587 Gallinaecyathus Konyushkov, 1964 ...... 1638 [Gumminal Schmidt, 1862 ...... 292 Gapoda de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 180 [Gummineae] Schmidt, 1862 ...... 291 Garraspongia Picket & Rigby, 1983 ...... 392 [Gumminidae] Schmidt, 1862 ...... 291 Gastrophanella Schmidt, 1879 ...... 338 [Gymnodictyum] Ijima, 1927 ...... 1302 Gastrophanellidae de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 338 Gymnorete Ijima, 1927 ...... 1309 Gatagacyathidae Debrenne &A Zhuravlev, 1992 ...... 1681 Gymnorossella Topsent, 1916 ...... 1444 Gatagacyathoidea Debrenne & A Zhuravlev, 1992 ...... 1681 Haastia Lendenfeld, 1888 ...... 1062 Gatagacyathus Debrenne & A Zhurav1ev, 1992 ...... 1681 Habrodictyon Thomson, 1868 ...... 1415 [Geelongia] Carter, 1885 ...... 1032 Haddonella Sollas, 1903 ...... 1090 Gelliadeae Gray, 1872 ...... 852 Hadromerida Topsent, 1894 ...... 169 Gelliidae Ridley, 1884 ...... 852 Hadromerida; de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 169 Gelliinae; Ridley & Dendy, 1887 ...... 852 Hadromerida; Topsent, 1928 ...... '" 53, 169 Gelliodes Ridley, 1884 ...... 880 Hadromerina Topsent, 1894 ...... 169 Gellius Gray, 1867 ...... 859 Halichoclona de Laubenfels, 1932 ...... 862 Geniculicyathus Debrenne, 1960 ...... 1635 HaUchondria (Eumastia) Schmidt, 1870 ...... 806 Geocyathidae Debrenne, 1964 ...... 1592 HaUchondria (Halichondria) Heming, 1828 ...... 799 Geocyathus Zhuravleva, 1960 ...... 1592 HaUchondria Heming, 1828 ...... 799 Geodia Lamarck, 1815 ...... 138 Halichondriadae Gray, 1867 ...... 721,787 Geodia sensu Sollas, 1888 '" ...... '" 136 Halichondrida Vosmaer, 1887 ...... 721 Geodiadae Gray, 1867 ...... 134 Halichondrida; Levi, 1973 ...... 722 Geodiidae Gray, 1867 ...... 54,105,134,1521 Halichondridae; Vosmaer, 1887 ...... 787 Geodinella Lendenfeld, 1903 ...... 138 Halichondrides Levi, 1953 ...... 721 Geodinidae; Schmidt, 1870 ...... 134 Halichondriella Burton, 1931 ...... 799 Geodistrongyla Hoshino, 1981 ...... 138 Halichondriida; Wiedenmayer, 1977 ...... 721 Gerbicanicyathus Belyaeva, 1969 ...... 1642 Halichondriidae Gray, 1867 ...... 53,721,787 Geyericoscinidae Debrenne & A Zhuravlev, 2000 ...... 1629 Halichondriidae; de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 787 Geyericoscinus Debrenne & A Zhuravlev, 2000 ...... 1630 Halichondrina Vosmaer, 1887 ...... 721 Gigantothalamiidae Senowbari-Daryan, 1994 ...... 1521 Halichondrites Dawson, 1889 ...... 55 Gignouxiidae de Laubenfels, 1955 ...... 312 Halichondritidae Rigby, 1986 ...... 55 [Gilchristia] Burton, 1928 ...... 234 Haliclona (Gellius) Gray, 1867 ...... 859 Girphanovellidae Debrenne et al., 1971 ...... 1122 Haliclona (Halichoclona) de Laubenfels, 1932 ...... 862 Girtycoelia King, 1932 ...... 1522 Haliclona (Haliclona) Grant, 1836 ...... 863 Girtyocoelia Girty, 1908 ...... 1522 Haliclona (Reniera) Schmidt, 1862 ...... 867 Gleesonia Rigby & Webby, 1988 ...... 389 Haliclona (Rhizoniera) Griessinger, 1971 ...... 871 Globosocyathidae Okuneva, 1969 ...... 1551 Haliclona (Soestella) De Weerdt, 2000 ...... 871 [Globulospongillidae]; Racek, 1974 ...... 975 Haliclona Grant, 1836 ...... 858 [Globulospongillinael Brien, 1973 ...... 923 Haliclonidae de Laubenfels, 1932 ...... 852 Glomocystospongiidae Rigby, Fan & Zhang, 1989 ...... 1519 Haliclonissa Burton, 1932 ...... 882 Gloriosocyathidae Rozanov, 1969 ...... 1601 Halicnemia Bowerbank, 1864 ...... 759 Gloriosocyathus Rozanov, 1969 ...... 1601 HaUcometes sensu de Laubenfels, 1950 ...... 266 Gnaltacyathus Kruse, 1982 ...... 1575 Halicometes Topsent, 1898 ...... 253 Gomphostegia Topsent, 1896 ...... 670 Halina Blainville, 1830 ...... 800 Gondekia Rigby, 1991 ...... '" ...... 1126 [Halina) Bowerbank, 1858 ...... 151 Gordonicyathus Zhuravleva 1959 ...... 1570 Halinastra de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 155 Gortionifungia Rozanov, 1964 ...... 1570 Halinidae de Laubenfels, 1934 ...... 141 Goreauiella Hartman, 1969 ...... 828 Halisarca Johnston, 1842 ...... 1078 Grantessa Lendenfeld, 1885 ...... 1176 Halisarcida Bergquist, 1996 ...... 1077 Grantia Heming, 1828 ...... '" ...... 1117, 1163 Halisarcidae Vosmaer, 1885 ...... 1078 Grantiidae Dendy, 1892 ...... , ...... 1163 Halisarcinae Schmidt, 1862 ...... 1078 Grantilla Row, 1909 ...... 1175 [Halispongial Bowerbank, 1872 ...... 1035 Grantiopsis Dendy, 1892 ...... 1183 Halistella Sara, 1958 ...... 191 GrapeUa Gray, 1867 .... , ...... '" ..... 680 Hallirhoa Lamouroux, 1821 ...... 399 Graphoscyphia Debrenne, 1974 ...... 1661 Hallmannia; Burton, 1930 ...... 513 Gravestockia Reimer, 1992 ...... ,...... 1117 [Hallmannial Burton, 1931 ...... 513 Grayax de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 585 [Halme] Lendenfeld, 1885 ...... 452 Grayella Carter, 1869 ...... 557 Halmopsis Lendenfeld, 1886 ...... 1062 xxxii Index of Higher Taxa to Volumes 1 and 2

[Halyphysema] Bowerbank, 1864 ...... 1702 Hiattrochota de Laubenfels, 1950 ...... 598 Hamacantha (Hamacantha) Gray, 1867 ...... 665 Higginsia Higgin, 1877 ...... 763 Hamacantha (Vomerula) Schmidt, 1880 ...... 665 Higginsiinae de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 755 Hamacantha Gray, 1867 ...... 665 Hiltonus de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 536 Hamacanthidae Gray, 1872 ...... 634,665 Hindia Duncan, 1879 ...... 392 Hamigera Gray, 1867 ...... 578 Hindiidae Rauff, 1893 ...... 392 Haplistiidae de Laubenfels, 1955 ...... 391 Hintzespongia Rigby & Gutschick, 1976 ...... 1213 Haplistion Young & Young, 1877 ...... 391 Hintzespongiidae Finks, 1983 ...... 1213 Haplistionella Rigby & Dixon, 1979 ...... 390 [Hippiospongia] de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 1055 Haplosclerida Topsent, 1928 ...... 832 [Hippograntia] Breitfuss, 1898 ...... 1704 Haplosclerida; de Laubenfels, 1955 ...... 831 Hippospongia Schulze, 1879 ...... 1055 Haplosc1erina Topsent, 1928 ...... 832 Hircinella Lendenfeld, 1889 ...... 1023 Hardwickia (Valenciennes MS) Topsent, 1907 ...... 1701 Hircinia Nardo, 1834 ...... 1023 Hastatus Vosmaer, 1880 ...... 609 Hirciniadae Gray, 1867 ...... 1022 Heckericyathus Zhuravleva, 1960 ...... 1582 Hircinidae; Lendenfeld, 1886 ...... 1022 Heliospongiidae Finks, 1960 ...... 906 Hispidopetra Hartman, 1969 ...... 60, 828 Helomorina Schrammen, 1937 ...... 390 Histioderma Carter, 1886 ...... 529 Helomorinidae Schrammen, 1910 ...... 374,395 [Histoderma] Carter, 1874 ...... 529 Helomorinides Moret, 1926 ...... 374,395 Histodermella Lundbeck, 1910 ...... 536 Helophloeina Topsent, 1928 ...... 637 Histodermion Topsent, 1927 ...... 529 Heloraphinia Schrammen, 1937 ...... 395 Histodermopsis de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 430 Hemectyon Topsent, 1920 ...... 485 [Holascella] Lendenfeld, 1915 ...... 1396 Hemectyonilla Burton, 1959 ...... 480 Holascinae Schulze, 1886 ...... 1389 Hemiasterella Carter, 1879 ...... 189 Holascus Schulze, 1886 ...... 1396 Hemiasterellidae Lendenfeld, 1889 ...... 171, 186 Holoplocamia de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 457 Hemigellius Burton, 1932 ...... 882 Holopsamma Carter, 1885 ...... 452 Hemihaliclona Burton, 1937 ...... 875 Holorodesmia Topsent, 1928 ...... 441 Hemimyca/e Burton, 1934 ...... 578 Holoxea Topsent, 1892 ...... 125 Hemitedania Hallmann, 1914 ...... 626 Holtenia Schmidt, 1870 ...... 1488 Hemitedania sensu Van Soest, 1984 ...... 627 Homalodora Schrammen, 1910 ...... 395 Hemithalamocyathus Ting, 1937 ...... 1598 [Homandra] Lendenfeld, 1891 ...... 1147 Herceus Koltun, 1959 ...... 606 Homaxinella Topsent, 1916 ...... 230 Herengeria Levi & Levi, 1988 ...... 315 [Homocoelidae]; Dendy & Row, 1913 ...... 1159 Hernandeziana Strand, 1932 ...... 1278 [Homoderma] Lendenfeld, 1885 ...... 1704 Hertwigia Schmidt, 1880 ...... 1421 Homoeodictya Ehlers, 1870 ...... 704 Hertwigiidae Topsent, 1892 ...... 1388 Homophymia Vacelet & Vasseur, 1971 ...... 348 Heteractinellidae Hinde, 1887 ...... 1121 Homosc1eromorpha Levi, 1973 ...... 18 Heteractinida Hinde, 1887 ...... 12,1118,1121,1532 Homosc1erophorida Dendy, 1905 ...... 71 Heterectya Hallmann, 1917 ...... 480 Hoplakithara Kirkpatrick, 1907 ...... 654 Heterochone Ijima, 1927 ...... 1217, 1285 Hoplochalina Lendenfeld, 1887 ...... 781 Heteroclathria Topsent, 1904 ...... 457 Hoplophora Sollas, 1888 ...... 300 Heterocliona Verrill, 1907 ...... 181 Hormospongia Rigby & Blodgett, 1983 ...... 1118 HeterocoeUa Girty, 1908 ...... 1522 Houssayella Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1966 ...... 995 Heterocornulum Levi & Levi, 1983 ...... 417 [Hozawaia] de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 1704 Heteromeyenia Potts, 1881 ...... 942 Hudsonospongia Raymond & Okulitch, 1940 ...... 389 Heteronema Keller, 1889 ...... 1030 Hunanspongia Qian & Ding, 1988 ...... 1215 [Heteropegma] Pol6jaeff, 1884 ...... 1704 Hupecyathellidae Rozanov, 1969 ...... 1610 Heterophymia Pomel, 1872 ...... 353 Hupecyathelloidea Rozanov, 1969 ...... 1610 Heteropia Carter, 1886 ...... 1177 Hupecyathellus Rozanov, 1968 ...... 1610 Heteropiidae Dendy, 1892 ...... 1175 Hupecyathidae Debrenne et al., 1990 ...... 1639 Heterorete Dendy, 1916 ...... 1311 Hupecyathoidea Debrenne et aI., 1990 ...... 1639 Heterorotula Penney & Racek, 1968 ...... 945 Hupecyathus Debrenne, 1964 ...... 1639 Heterostinia Zittel, 1878 ...... 395 Hyalascus Ijima, 1896 ...... 1481 Heterostinidae Schrammen, 1924 ...... 395 Hyalocaulus Marshall & Meyer, 1877 ...... 1459 Heterotella Gray, 1867 ...... 1422 [Hyalochaeta] Brandt, 1859 ...... 1234 Heterothelionidae Schrammen, 1924 ...... 397 Hyalodendron Moore, 1898 ...... 1433 Heteroxya Topsent, 1898 ...... 761 Hyalonema (Corynonema) Ijima, 1927 ...... 1236 Heteroxyinae Dendy, 1905 ...... 755 Hyalonema (Coscinonema) Ijima, 1927 ...... 1238 Hexactinella Carter, 1885 ...... 1345 Hyalonema (Cyliconema) Ijima, 1927 ...... 1240 Hexactinellida Schmidt, 1870 ...... 12, 1201 Hyalonema (Euhyalonema) Ijima, 1927 ...... 1234 Hexactinellidae Schmidt, 1870 ...... 1201 Hyalonema (Leptonema) Lendenfeld, 1915 ...... 1242 Hexactinoderma Pisera & Bodzioch, 1991 ...... 1216 Hyalonema (Onconema) Ijima, 1927 ...... 1244 Hexactinosa Schrammen, 1903 ...... 1281 Hyalonema (Oonema) Lendenfeld, 1915 ...... 1246 Hexactinosida Schrammen, 1903 ...... 1202, 1216, 1281 Hyalonema (Paradisconema) Ijima, 1927 ...... 1248 Hexadella Topsent 1905 ...... 1092 Hyalonema (Phialonemiella) sUbgen.nov. Hexasterophora Schulze, 1886 ...... 1202 (Tabachnick & Menshenina) ...... 1250 Hezekia de Laubenfels, 1934 ...... 118 Hyalonema (Prionema) Lendenfeld, 1915 ...... 1250 Index of Higher Taxa to Volumes 1 and 2 xxxiii

Hyalonema (Pteronema) Ijima, 1927 ...... 1253 Inodes de Laubenfels, 1<;57 ...... 1030 Hyalonema (Thamnonemiella) subgen.nov. Inodia Moret, 1926 ...... 395 (Tabachnick & Menshenina) ...... 1255 Inozoa Steinmann, 1882 ...... 1117 Hyalonema Gray, 1832 ...... 1234 Inozoida Rigby & Senowbari-Daryan, 1996 ...... 1118 [Hyalonema (Phialonema)] Lendenfeld, 1915 ...... 1250 1nsulipora Finks, 1960 ...... 389 [Hyalonema (Thamnonema)] Ijima, 1927 ...... 1255 Intrasporeocoeliidae Fan & Zhang, 1985 ...... 1521 Hyalonemadae Gray, 1857 ...... 1232 Iophon Gray, 1867 ...... 422 Hyalonematidae Gray, 1857 ...... 1231 Iophoneae Burton, 1929 ...... 412 Hyalonematinae; Schulze, 1886 ...... 1232 Iophonidae Burton, 1929 ...... 412 [Hyalonemidae] Schulze, 1887 ...... 1232 Iophonopsis Dendy, 1924 ...... 423 Hyaloplacoida Tabachnick, 1989 ...... 1506 Iophonota de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 423 Hyalosinica Mehl & Reitner, 1993 ...... 1215 Iotaota de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 597 Hyalospongiae Claus, 1872 ...... 1201 Iotroata de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 597 Hyalostelia Zittel, 1879 ...... '" ...... 1214 Iotrochopsamma de Laubenfels, 1954 ...... 600 Hyalostylus Schulze, 1886 ...... 1408 Iotrochostyla de Laubenfels, 1954 ...... 598 Hyalothauma Herklots & Marshall, 1868 ...... 1276 Iotrochota Ridley, 1884 ...... 598 [Hyalothryx] Gray, 1867 ...... 1234 Iotrochoteae Dendy, 1922 ...... 594 Hyalotragosidae Schrammen, 1937 ...... 397 Iotrochotidae Dendy, 1922 ...... 520, 594 Hyattella Lendenfeld, 1888 ...... 1057 Iouea de Laubenfels, 1955 ...... 319 Hydnoceras Conrad, 1842 ...... 1212 Iouea sensu Levi & Levi, 1988 ...... 318 Hydriodictya Hall & Clarke, 1898 ...... 1212 Iphiteon Bowerbank, 1869 ...... 1282 Hymantho Burton, 1930 ...... 441 Iphiteon Bowerbank, 1869 ...... , ..... 1298, 1380 Hymedesanisochela Bakus, 1966 ...... 423 [Iphiteon] Bowerbank, 1858 ...... 1283 Hymedesmia (Hymedesmia) Bowerbank, 1864 ...... 580 Ircinia Nardo, 1833 ...... 1023 Hymedesmia (Stylopus) Fristedt, 1885 ...... 582 Irciniidae Gray, 1867 ...... 1021 Hymedesmia Bowerbank, 1864 ...... 580 Irciniidae; Bergquist, 1995 ...... 1022 Hymedesmiidae Topsent, 1928 ...... 520,575 I rhoudicoscinus Debrenne, 1977 ...... 1631 Hymenamphiastra de Laubenfels, 1930 ...... 576 Irinaecyathus Zhuravleva, 1974 ...... 1579 Hymenancora Lundbeck, 1910 ...... 605 [Ischyrospongia] Termier & Termier, 1974 ...... 1118 Hymendectyon Bakus, 1966 ...... 590 Isiticyathus Korshunov, 1972 ...... 1590 Hymeniacidon Bowerbank, 1859 ...... 807 Isociella Hallmann, 1920 ...... 445 Hymeniacidon sensu Bowerbank, 1866 ...... 176 Isociona Hallmann, 1920 ...... 456 Hymeniacidonidae de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 722,788 Isodictya Bowerbank, 1864 ...... 704 Hymenotrocha Burton, 1930 ...... 596 Isodictyeae Dendy, 1924 ...... 691 Hymeraphia Bowerbank, 1864 ...... 490 Isodictyidae Dendy, 1924 ...... 635,691 Hymeraphiopsis Hooper, 1991 ...... 478 Isopenectya Hallmann, 1920 ...... 460 Hymerhabdia Topsent, 1892 ...... 752 Isops Sollas, 1880 ...... 139 Hymesigmia Topsent, 1927 ...... 605 Isoraphinia Zittel, 1878 ...... 395 Hymetrochota Topsent, 1904 ...... 596 Isoraphiniadae; Schrammen, 1937 ...... 374,395 Hymoxenia Alander, 1938 ...... 580 Isoraphiniidae Schrammen, 1924 ...... 300,374,395 Hypodermalia Reid, 1958 ...... 1387 J akutocarinidae Debrenne et al., 1989 ...... 1598 Hypodictyon Jenkin, 1908 ...... 1170 lakutocarinus Zhurav1eva, 1960 ...... 1598 [Hypograntia] Carter, 1886 ...... 1704 langudacyathus Yazmir, 1975 ...... 1585 Hypsispongia de Laubenfels, 1935 ...... 667 lanulum de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 503 Hyptocyathus Kruse, 1978 ...... 1575 Japhanicyathidae Rozanov, 1989 ...... 1594 Hyrtios Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 ...... 1030 [Japhanicyathidae] Rozanov, 1973 ...... 1594 Ianthella Gray, 1869 ...... 1090 laphanicyathus Korshunov, 1969 ...... 1595 Ianthellidae Hyatt, 1875 ...... 1089 Jaspidae de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 108 Ichnodonax de Laubenfels, 1954 ...... 703 Jaspinae de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 108 Ichnusocyathus Debrenne, 1977 ...... 1617 laspis Gray, 1867 ...... 114 !damon Gray, 1867 ...... 176 lasplakina de Laubenfels, 1954 ...... 132 Igemella Topsent, 1905 ...... 1075 lawonya Kruse, 1987 ...... 1135, 1532 Ijimadictyum Meh1, 1992 ...... 1367 lazwicella Rigby & Pisera, 200 1 ...... 392 Ijimaiella gen.nov. (Tabachnick) ...... 1424 Jebileticoscinidae Debrenne et aI., 1989 ...... 1630 Iljinicyathus Zhuravleva, 1972 ...... 1561 lebileticoscinus Debrenne, 1977 ...... 1630 Imbricatocoelia Rigby et aI., 1989 ...... 1522 lelissima de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 606 Imperatoria De Gregorio, 1930 ...... 1522 lenkina Br¢ndsted, 1931 ...... 1171 Inacyathella Debrenne, 1977 ...... 1588 Jenkinidae Borojevic et al., 2000 ...... 1170 Inaecoelia Boiko, 1990 ...... 1532 lereica Zittel, 1878 ...... 398 Inaecoe1ida Boiko, 1990 ...... 1532 Jereicidae Schrammen, 1924 ...... 397 Inaecoeliidae Boiko, 1990 ...... 1532 lereicopsis Levi & Levi, 1983 ...... 352 Incurvocyathus Rozanov, 1966 ...... 1554 lereina Finks, 1960 ...... 389 Inessocyathellus Belyaeva, 1974 ...... 1576 lereomorpha Moret, 1926 ...... 402 Inessocyathus Debrenne, 1964 ...... 1577 lereopsis Pomel, 1872 ...... 398 Inflatella Schmidt, 1875 ...... 538 [lereopsis] Schmidt, 1879 ...... 369 Ingallia Gray, 1867 ...... 422 lia de Laubenfels, 1930 ...... 456 Ingentilotus de Laubenfels, 1955 ...... 401 loannella Schmidt, 1880 ...... 1298 xxxiv Index of Higher Taxa to Volumes 1 and 2

Jones de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... , ...... 540 Krasnopeevaecyathus Rozanov, 1964 ...... 1589 loyeuxia Topsent, 1892 ...... 538 Kruseicnema Debrenne et al., 1990 ...... 1685 Jugalicyathidae Gravestock, 1984 ...... 1674 Kruseicnemididae Debrenne & A Zhuravlev, 1990 ...... 1685 lugalicyathus Gravestock, 1984 ...... 1674 Kruseicnemidoidea Debrenne & A Zhuravlev, 1990 ...... 1685 lulavis de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 764 Kruseicyathus Boyarinov & Konyaeva, 1997 ...... 1600 lumarella Mehl & Ftirsich, 1997 ...... 396 Kuarrhaphis Dendy & Row, 1913 ...... 1197 Kaira de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 96 Kyarocyathus Kruse, 1982 ...... 1548 Kalastrella Kirkpatrick, 1903 ...... 189 Kymbecyathidae Debrenne et aI., 1989 ...... 1558 Kaliapsidae de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 380, 399 Kymbecyathoidea Debrenne et aI., 1989 ...... 1557 Kaliapsis Bowerbank, 1869 ...... 380 Kymbecyathus Debrenne & Kruse, 1986 ...... 1558 [Kalispongia] Wright, 1877 ...... 1702 Kyphoclonella Kolb, 1910 ...... 394 Kallispongia Wright, 1877 ...... 1702 Labacea de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 437 Kallypilidion de Laubenfels, 1954 ...... 867 Labaria Carter, 1873 ...... 1268 [Kallyspongia] de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 1702 [Labaria] Gray, 1873 ...... 90 Kalpinella Hinde, 1883 ...... 399 Labechiidae Nicholson, 1885 ...... 69 [Kaltatocyathacea] Rozanov, 1973 ...... 1556 Labisophlita de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 532 Kaltatocyathidae Rozanov, 1964 ...... 1556 Laccosiphonella Aleotti et al., 1986 ...... 1522 Kaltatocyathoidea Rozanov, 1964 ...... 1556 Ladaecyathus Zhuravleva, 1960 ...... 1586 Kaltatocyathus Rozanov, 1964 ...... 1556 Lamellodysidea gen. nov. (Cook & Bergquist) ...... 1064 Kalykenteron Lendenfeld, 1888 ...... 506 Lamellomorpha Bergquist, 1968 ...... 165 Kaneohea de Laubenfels, 1950 ...... 524 Laminospongia Pulitzer-Finali, 1983 ...... 811 Kapnesolenia de Laubenfels, 1934 ...... 123 Lamontia Kirk, 1895 ...... 1195 Kasyricyathidae Zhuravleva, 1961 ...... 1622 Landercyathus Debrenne & Gangloff, 1990 ...... 1663 Kasyricyathoidea Zhuravleva, 1961 ...... 1620 Lanicyathidae Debrenne et al., 1989 ...... 1650 Kasyricyathus Zhuravleva, 1961 ...... 1622 Lanicyathus Belyaeva, 1975 ...... 1650 Katiba de Laubenfels, 1954 ...... 853 Lanuginella Schmidt, 1870 ...... 1493 Kazachstanicyathida Konyushkov, 1967 ...... 1687 Lanuginellidae Schulze, 1897 ...... 1491 Kazachstanicyathina Konyushkov, 1967 ...... 1687 Lanuginellinae Schulze, 1897 ...... 1491 Kebira Row, 1909 ...... 1182 [Lanuginiella] Mehl, 1992 ...... 1492 Kechikacyathus Debrenne & A Zhuravlev, 1992 ...... 1679 Lanugonychia Lendenfeld, 1915 ...... 1497 [Kellericyathus] Rozanov, 1973 ...... 1570 [Laocoetidae] Mehl, 1992 ...... 1287 Kerasemna Pulitzer-Finali, 1981 ...... 670 Laocoetis Pomel, 1872 ...... 1217, 1288 Keratospongia Gray, 1867 ...... 852 Latrunculia du Bocage, 1869 ...... 713 Keratylum de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 234 Latrunculiidae Topsent, 1922 ...... 707 Keriocyathidae Debrenne & Gangloff, 1992 ...... 1681 Latrunculina subord. nov. (Kelly & Samaai) ...... 405, 707 [Keriocyathidae] Debrenne & Gangloff, in Debrenne et al., 1990 ... 1681 Laxosuberella Burton, 1930 ...... 240 Keriocyathoidea Debrenne & Gangloff, 1992 ...... 1680 Laxosuberites sensu Topsent, 1938 ...... 235 Keriocyathus Debrenne & Gangloff, 1990 ...... 1681 Laxosuberites Topsent, 1896 ...... 235 Ketosus de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 739 Laxotethya Sara & Sara, 2002 ...... 254 Khirgisocyathus Voronin, 1988 ...... 1565 Lecanella Zittel, 1878 ...... 397 [KidIjasocyathacea] Rozanov, 1973 ...... 1554 Lecanellidae Schrammen, 1937 ...... 395 Kidrjasocyathidae Rozanov, 1964 ...... 1554 Lefroyella Thomson, 1877 ...... 1313 KidIjasocyathoidea Rozanov, 1964 ...... 1554 Leiobolidium Schmidt, 1880 ...... 1234 Kidrjasocyathus Rozanov, 1960 ...... 1554 Leiocarenus Schrammen 1937 ...... 393 Kieplitela de Laubenfels, 1954 ...... 506 Leiochonia Schrammen, 1901 ...... 398 Kijacyathidae Zhuravleva, 1964 ...... 1603 Leiochonidae Schrammen, 1924 ...... 398 Kijacyathus Zhuravleva, 1959 ...... 1603 Leiodermatidae Lendenfeld, 1903 ...... 352 Kirkpatrickia Topsent, 1912 ...... 584 Leiodermatium Schmidt, 1870 ...... 353 Kisasacyathus Konyushkov, 1972 ...... 1561 Leiodorella Zittel, 1878 ...... 398 Kiwicyathus Debrenne & Kruse, 1986 ...... 1580 Leiodorellidae Schrammen, 1937 ...... 398 Kolbicyathus A Zhuravlev, 1988 ...... 1609 Leioplegma Reiswig & Tsurumi, 1996 ...... 1367 Koleostoma Regnard, 1926 ...... 1217 Leiosella Lendenfeld, 1888 ...... 1057 Konjuschkovicyathidae Debrenne & A Zhuravlev, 2000 ...... 1593 Leiospongia Gray, 1867 ...... 788 Konjuschkovicyathus Debrenne & A Zhuravlev, 2000 ...... 1594 Lelapia Gray, 1867 ...... 1184 Kordecyathacea Missarazhevskiy, 1964 ...... 1583 Lelapiella Vacelet, 1977 ...... 1155 Kordecyathidae Missarzhevskiy, 1961 ...... 1585 Lelapiellidae Borojevic et aI., 1990 ...... 1155 Kordecyathoidea Missarzhevskiy, 1961 ...... 1583 Lelapiidae Dendy & Row, 1913 ...... 1181 Kordecyathus Missarzhevskiy, 1961 ...... 1585 [LenastellaJ Missarzhevskiy, 1981 ...... 1124 Korotnewia Polejaeff, 1889 ...... 1087 [Lenculmis] Allemand, 1907 ...... 1704 Korovinella Radugin, 1960 ...... 1687 Lendenfeldia Bergquist, 1980 ...... 1047 Korovinellidae V Khalfina, 1960 ...... 1687 Lenocyathacea Zhuravleva, 1960 ...... 1594 Korshunovicyathus A Zhuravlev, 1988 ...... 1644 Lenocyathidae Zhuravleva, 1956 ...... 1595 Kosticyathus Debrenne & A Zhuravlev, 2000 ...... 1599 Lenocyathoidea Zhuravleva, 1956 ...... 1594 Kotimea de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 266 Lenocyathus Zhuravleva, 1955 ...... 1595 Kotuyicoscinus Sundukov, 1983 ...... 1618 [Leoculmis] Ganin, 1879 ...... 1704 Kotuyicyathellus Osadchaya, 1979 ...... 1590 Lepidoleucon Vacelet, 1967 ...... 1199 Kowalevskyella Swartschewsky, 1905 ...... 557 Lepidoleuconidae Vacelet, 1967 ...... 1199 Index of Higher Taxa to Volumes 1 and 2 xxxv

Lepidosphaera Levi & Levi, 1979 ...... 539 Leucosolenia Bowerbank, 1864 ...... 1160 [Lepidospongia] Dendy, 1914 ...... 350 Leucosolenida Hartman, 1958 ...... 1108, 1157 Lepidospongia Schliiter, 1870 ...... 1221 Leucosoleniidae Minchin, 1900 ...... 1160 Lepidothenea de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 350 [Leuculmis) Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Lepirogeodia Pomel, 1872 ...... 1701 Leucyssa Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1197 Leptochelastra de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 488 [Leukartea) Miklucho-Maclay in Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Leptoclathria Topsent, 1928 ...... 441 Levinella Borojevic & Boury-Esnault, 1986 ...... 1145 Leptolabis Topsent, 1901 ...... 532 Levinellidae Borojevic & Boury-Esnault, 1986 ...... 1145 Leptolacis Schrammen, 1937 ...... 1217 Lewinia Rigby & Webby, 1988 ...... 391 Leptonema Levi, 1964 ...... 1243 Lichuanospongia Zhang, 1983 ...... 1522 Leptophragma Zittel, 1877 ...... 1217 [Lieberkuehnia) de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 895 Leptophragmella Reid, 1962 ...... 1287 [Lieberkuhnia) Balsamo-Crivelli, 1863 ...... 895 Leptophragmella; Reid, 1963 ...... 1320 Ligrota de Laubenfels, 1936 .. '" ...... '" ...... 437 Leptophragmidae Schrammen, 1912 ...... 1287 Linochone Schrammen, 1937 ...... 394 Leptosastra Topsent, 1904 ...... 193 Linonema de Laubenfels, 1955 ...... 1219 Leptosastrinae Topsent, 1928 ...... 169, 186 Liosina Thiele, 1899 ...... '" ...... 777 Leptosia sensu Topsent, 1928 ...... 605 Lipastrotethya de Laubenfels, 1954 ...... 777 [Leptosia] Topsent, 1892 ...... 580 [Lipostomaltis) Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Leptosiopsis Topsent, 1927 ...... 605 [Lipostomandra) Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Leptosocyathellus Osadchaya, 1979 ...... 1566 [Lipostomella) Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1704 Leptosocyathus Vologdin, 1937 ...... 1566 [Lipostometta) Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Lerouxia Moret, 1926 ...... 402 [Lipostomilla) Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Lessepsia Keller, 1883 ...... 863 [Lipostomortis) Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Leucalia Grant, 1830 ...... 1701 [Lipostomyssa) Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 [Leucaltaga] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Lissocoelia Bassler, 1927 ...... 389 Leucaltidae Dendy & Row, 1913 ...... 1146 Lissodendoryx Topsent, 1892 ...... '" ...... 540 Leucaltis Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1147 Lissomyxilla Hanitsch, 1894 ...... 786 [Leucaltusa] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Lissoplocamia Brondsted, 1924 ...... 457 Leucandra Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1117, 1166 Lissopocillon Ferrer-Hernandez, 1916 ...... 585 [Leucandraga] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Litamena Nardo, 1833 ...... 1701 [Leucandrena] Hedicke, 1933 ...... 1704 Litaspongia de Laubenfels, 1954 ...... 437 Leucandrilla Borojevic et aI., 2000 '" '" ...... '" ...... '" ... 1168 Lithistida Schmidt, 1870 ...... 11,299,1533 [Leucandrometra] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Lithistida; Sollas, 1888 ...... 299 [Leucandropa] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Lithistidae Schmidt, 1870 ...... 299 [Leucandrusa] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Lithistina; Carter, 1875, 1880 ...... 299 [Leucania] Lendenfeld, 1885 ...... 1704 Lithobactrum Kirkpatrick, 1903 ...... 340 [Leucaria] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1704 Lithobubaris Vacelet, 1969 ...... 356 Leucascandra Borojevic & Klautau, 2000 ...... 1171 Lithochela Burton, 1929 ...... 552 Leucascidae Dendy, 1892 ...... 1149 Lithonida Vacelet, 1981 '" ...... 1108, 1185 Leucascus Dendy, 1892 ...... 1150 [Lithonina) D6derIein, 1892 ...... 1117 [Leucelia] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1704 Lithoninae DOderlein, 1892 ...... 1185 [Leuceria] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1704 Lithoplocamia Dendy, 1922 ...... 503 Leucetta Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1151 Lithospongia Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 ...... 1293 Leucettaga Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1169 Lithospongiae Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 ...... 1293 [Leucettida] Hartman, 1958 ...... 1106 Lithostrobilus Schrammen, 1937 ...... 398 Leucettidae de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... '" ...... 1151 Loboptychium SChrammen, 1924 .. ' ...... 1223 Leucettusa Haeckel, 1872 ...... '" ...... '" ...... 1148 Loculicyathidae Zhuravleva, 1954 ...... 1651 Leucilla Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1178 Loculicyathina Zhuravleva, 1955 ...... 1650 [Leuciria] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1704 Loculicyathoidea Zhuravleva, 1954 ...... 1651 Leuclathrina Borojevic & Boury-Esnault, 1987 ...... 1148 Loculicyathopsis Boyarinov, 1997 ...... 1585 [Leucogypsa] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1704 Loculicyathus Vologdin, 1931 ...... 1651 [Leucogypsia] Bowerbank, 1862 ...... 1704 Lonchiphora Ijima, 1927 ...... 1338 Leucomalthe Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1151 Lopadophorus Schrammen, 1910 ...... 399 Leuconia Grant, 1833 ...... 1194 Lophacanthus Hentschel, 1912 ...... 357 Leucophloeus Carter, 1883 ...... 796 Lophiophora Schrammen, 1924 ...... 398 Leucopsacadidae Reid, 1958 ...... 1447 Lophiophoridae Schrammen, 1924 ...... '" ...... 398 Leucopsacadinae Reid, 1958 ...... 1447 [Lophiurella) Gray, 1873 ...... 92 Leucopsacas Ijima, 1927 ...... 1448 Lophocalyx Schulze, 1887 ...... 1499 Leucopsacasidae Ijima, 1927 ...... 1447 Lophophysema Schulze, 1900 ...... 1260 Leucopsacidae Ijima, 1903 ...... 1387,1447 [Lophurella) Gray, 1872 ...... 92 Leucopsacinae Ijima, 1898 ...... '" 1447 [Lophurellidae) Gray, 1872 ...... 85 Leucopsacus Ijima, 1898 ...... 1448 [Lovenia] du Bocage, 1868 ...... 696 Leucopsila Dendy & Row, 1913 ...... 1196 Lubomirskia Dybowsky, 1880 ...... 970 [Leucopsisl Lendenfeld, 1885 ...... 1704 Lubomirskiidae Rezvoi, 1936 ...... '" ...... 970 [Leucoria] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1704 Luffaria Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 ...... 1083 [Leucortis] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Luffariella Thiele, 1899 ...... 1035 [Leucortometra] Haeckel, 1872 ...... '" 1704 Luffariospongia Burton, 1937 ...... 1057 xxxvi Index of Higher Taxa to Volumes 1 and 2

Lumectospongia Rigby & Chatterton, 1989 ...... 1215 Melittionidae Schulze, 1885 ...... 1282 [Lunulacyathacea) Debrenne, 1973 ...... 1637 Melkanicyathus Belyaeva, 1969 ...... 1551 Lunulacyathidae Debrenne, 1989 ...... 1637 Mellitionidae Zittel, 1877 ...... 1282 [Lunulacyathidae) Debrenne, 1973 ...... 1637 Mellonympha Schulze, 1897 ...... 1501 Lunulacyathoidea Debrenne 1989 ...... 1637 Melonanchora Carter, 1874 ...... 609 Lunulacyathus Debrenne, 1973 ...... 1637 Melonchela Koltun, 1955 ...... 417 Lychniscaulus Schrammen, 1937 ...... 1223 Melonella Zittel, 1878 ...... 394 Lychniscosa Schrammen, 1903 ...... 1377 Melophlus Thiele, 1899 ...... 123 Lychniscosida Schrammen, 1902 ...... 1220 Membranacyathidae fam. nov. (Debrenne, A Zhuravlev & Kruse) ... 1583 Lychniscosida; Schrammen, 1903 ...... 1202, 1361, 1377 Membranacyathus Rozanov 1960 ...... 1622 Lychnocystis gen.nov. (Reiswig) ...... 1379 Menanetia Topsent, 1896 ...... 799 Lycopodina Lundbeck, 1905 ...... 637 Menathalamia Reitener & Engeser, 1985 ...... 1522 Lyidium Schmidt, 1870 ...... 321 Menyllus Gray, 1867 ...... 422 Lyncuria Nardo, 1833 ...... 248 Merlia Kirkpatrick, 1908 ...... 665,691 Lyssacina Zittel, 1877 ...... 1201 Merliida Vacelet, 1981 ...... 691 Lyssacina; Ijima, 1903 ...... 1387 Merliidae Kirkpatrick, 1908 ...... 634, 691 Lyssacinaria Schrammen, 1924 ...... 1387 Merliinae Kirkpatrick, 1908 ...... 691 Lyssacinosa; Ijima, 1927 ...... 1387 Merriamium de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 585 Lyssacinosida Zittel, 1877 ...... 1202, 1216, 1387 Mesapos Gray, 1867 ...... 490 Lyssakina Zittel, 1877 ...... 1387 Metacyathacea Fonin, 1983 ...... 1669 Macandrewia Gray, 1859 ...... 377 Metacyathellus Debrenne & A Zhuravlev, 1990 ...... 1671 Macandrewiidae Schrammen, 1924 ...... 300,377 Metacyathidae R Bedford & W R Bedford, 1934 ...... 1675 [MacAndrewsia) Bowerbank, 1868 ...... 377 Metacyathoidea R Bedford & W R Bedford, 1934 ...... 1669 Mackenziecyathus Handfield, 1971 ...... 1577 Metaldetes Taylor, 1910 ...... 1674 Macrobrochus Schrammen, 1910 ...... 396 Metania Gray, 1867 ...... 987 Maeandrospongidae sensu Schulze, 1886 ...... 1301 Metaniidae Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1986 ...... 985 Maeandrospongidae Zittel, 1877 ...... 1301 Metastrosa Lendenfeld, 1906 ...... 141 Magenia Finks, 1995 ...... 1131 Metschnikowia Grimm, 1876 ...... 999 Magog Sollas, 1888 ...... 293 Metschnikowiidae Czerniavsky, 1880 ...... 999 Maiandrocyathidae Debrenne, 1974 ...... 1676 Meyenia Carter, 1881 ...... 937 Maiandrocyathus Debrenne, 1974 ...... 1676 Meyeniinae Vejdovsky, 1887 ...... 925 Makedia Manconi, Cubeddu & Pronzato, 1999 ...... 1016 Meyerella Gray, 1872 ...... 1276 Malacosaccus Schulze, 1886 ...... 1399 Meyerina Carter, 1872 ...... 1276 Malawispongia Brien, 1972 ...... 976 Meyerinidae Gray, 1872 ...... 1267 Malawispongiidae fam. nov. (Manconi & Pronzato) ...... 975 Microciona Bowerbank, 1862 ...... 440 Malluviospongia Rigby & Goodbody, 1986 ...... 1132 Microcionidae Carter, 1875 ...... 410,432 Malongullospongia Rigby & Webby, 1988 ...... 389 Microcionidae; Hentschel, 1923 ...... 432 Malumispongium Rigby, 1967 ...... 1215 Microcionina Carter, 1875 ...... 432 Mamelohindia Rigby & Webby, 1988 ...... 392 Microcionina Hajdu, Van Soest & Hooper, 1994 ...... 405,409 Manawa Bergquist & Fromont, 1988 ...... 570 Microcioninae Carter, 1875 ...... 436 Manihinea Pulitzer-Finali, 1993 ...... 330 Microcladina Lagneau-Herenger, 1962 ...... 402 [Manon) Oken, 1815 ...... 1701 Microcordyla Zirpolo, 1927 ...... 224 Marcusoldia de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 532 Microdendron Schrammen, 1924 ...... 402 Margaritella Schmidt, 1880 ...... 1298 Microscleroderma Kirkpatrick, 1903 ...... 306 [Marisca) Pomel, 1872 ...... 398 Microsclerophora Sollas, 1887 ...... 16,73, 105 Markocyathus Debrenne, 1989 ...... 1665 Microstylifer Vacelet, 1969 ...... 714 Marleyia Burton, 1931 ...... 437 Microtylostylifer Dendy, 1924 ...... 646 Marsipella Norman, 1878 ...... 1702 Microtylotella Dendy, 1896 ...... 415 Mastophorus Schrammen, 1924 ...... 402 Microxina Topsent, 1916 ...... 885 Mastosia Zittel, 1878 ...... 396 Microxistyla Topsent, 1928 ...... 766 Mastosiidae de Laubenfels, 1955 ...... 396 [Migas] Sollas, 1908 ...... 777 Mattajacyathus Rozanov, 1989 ...... 1583 Mikhnocyathus Maslov, 1957 ...... 1652 [Mattajacyathus) Rozanov, 1973 ...... 1583 Milaecyathus Debrenne & A Zhuravlev, 2000 ...... 1586 [Mattajacyathus] Rozanov, in Debrenne & Rozanov, 1983 ...... 1583 Milene de Laubenfels, 1954 ...... 777 Mauricea Carter, 1877 ...... 1046 MinchineUa Kirkpatrick, 1908 ...... 1 J 86 Mawsonicoscinidae Debrenne & Kruse, 1986 ...... 1646 Minchinellidae Dendy & Row, 1913 ...... 1186 Mawsonicoscinus Debrenne & Kruse, 1986 ...... 1646 Minchinellidae; Mohn, 1984 ...... 1532 [Medon] Duchaissaing & Michelotti, 1864 ...... 1701 Mirandocyathus Belyaeva, 1974 ...... 1643 Megaciella Hallmann, 1920 ...... 424 Misonia Krautter, 1996 ...... 1219 Megalithista Zittel, 1878 ...... 395 [Mlea] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Megalithistidae Schrammen, 1937 ...... 395 Moebiusispongia Duncan, 1880 ...... 1702 Megalodictyon Oppliger, 1926 ...... 1219 Molybdocyathus Debrenne & Gangloff, 1990 ...... 1661 Megalopastas Dendy, 1905 ...... 1073 Monakidae Marshall, 1876 ...... 1301 Megamorina Zittel, 1878 ...... 106, 321 Monanchora Carter, 1883 ...... 553 Megapogon Jenkin, 1908 ...... 1181 Monanthidae de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 356, 722, 788 Meliiderma Ridley & Dendy, 1887 ...... 638 Monanthus Kirkpatrick, 1903 ...... 356, 789 Melittiaulus Schulze, 1885 ...... 1282 Monaxonida Sollas, 1883 ...... 16,722 Index of Higher Taxa to Volumes 1 and 2 xxxvii

Monaxonida; Ridley & Dendy, 1887 ...... 16 Myxodoryx Burton, 1929 ...... 584 Monaxonidae Sollas, 1883 ...... 16 Naauna de Laubenfels, 1950 ...... 529 Monectyon Levi & Vacelet, 1958 ...... 503 Nabaviella Mostler & Mosleh-Yazdi, 1976 ...... 1122 Monilispongia X. Wu, 1990 ...... 1532 Nailondria de Laubenfels, 1954 ...... 790 Monoceratina Lendenfeld, 1889 ...... 1021 Naimarkcyathidae Wrona & A Zhuravlev, 1996 ...... 1675 Monocrepidium Topsent, 1898 ...... 753 Naimarkcyathoidea Wrona & A Zhuravlev, 1996 ...... 1675 Monocyathida Okulitch, 1935 ...... 1548 Naimarkcyathus Wrona & A Zhuravlev, 1996 ...... 1676 Monocyathidae R Bedford & WR Bedford, 1934 ...... 1548 Nalivkinicyathus Boyarinov & Osadchaya, 1986 ...... 1603 Monoplectroninia Pouliquen & Vacelet, 1970 ...... 1187 Naniupi de Laubenfels, 1950 ...... 557 Monorhaphididae Ijima, 1927 ...... 1231, 1264 Nara de Laubenfels, 1954 ...... 853 Monorhaphis Schulze, 1904 ...... 1264 [Nardoa] Schmidt, 1862 ...... 1142 [Monorhaphis Schulze (in Chun, 1900)] ...... 1264 [Nardoma] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Monosyringa Br!!!ndsted, 1924 ...... 112 [Nardomandrum] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Monotria de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 110 [Nardopsandra] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Montanaroa Russo, 1981 ...... 1522 [Nardopsetta] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Mootwingeecyathidae Kruse, 1982 ...... 1637 [Nardopsis] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1704 Mootwingeecyathoidea Kruse, 1982 ...... 1637 [Nardopsortis] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Mootwingeecyathus Kruse, 1982 ...... 1637 [Nardoraltis] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Morenicyathus Perejon, 1975 ...... 1570 [Nardorandra] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Moretispongia Breistroffer, 1947 ...... 398 [Nardoretta] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Muchattocyathus Rozanov, 1976 ...... 1633 [Nardorilla] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 [Muchattocyathus] Rozanov, 1973 ...... 1633 [Nardoris] Delage, 1899 ...... 1704 Muellerithalamia Reimer, 1987 ...... 1119,1532 [Nardorortis] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Multi/oqua de Laubenfels, 1955 ...... 1219 [Nardorus] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Multistella Finks, 1960 ...... 389 [Nardosa] Wright, 1868 ...... 1704 Murania Kazmierczak, 1974 ...... 66 Narrabeena gen. nov. (Cook & Bergquist) ...... 1029 Murguiathalamia Reimer & Engeser, 1985 ...... 1527 Natalijaecyathus Kotel'nikov, 1995 ...... 1566 Murguiathalamiidae Reitner & Engeser, 1985 ...... 1532 Naviculina Gray, 1867 ...... 681 Murrayona Kirkpatrick, 1910 ...... 1118,1154 Neamphius de Laubenfels, 1953 ...... 286 Murrayonida Vacelet, 1981 ...... 1108, 1153 Negombata de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 698,708 Murrayonidae Dendy & Row, 1913 ...... 1153 Negombo Dendy, 1905 ...... 770 Mycale (Aegogropila) Gray, 1867 ...... 674 Neoadocia de Laubenfels, 1950 ...... 862 Mycale (Anomomycale) Topsent, 1924 ...... 675 Neoaulaxinia gen. nov. (Pisera & Levi) ...... 366 Mycale (Arenochalina) Lendenfeld, 1887 ...... 676 Neoaulocystidae Zhuralevleva, 1962 ...... 1222 Mycale (Carmia) Gray, 1867 ...... 678 Neoaulocystis Zhuravleva in Rezvoy et al., 1962 ...... 1380 Mycale (Grapelia) Gray, 1867 ...... 680 Neocaledoniella Tabachnick & Levi, 2004 ...... 1405 Mycale (Mycale) Gray, 1867 ...... 672 Neocladia Koltun, 1970 ...... 638 Mycale (Naviculina) Gray, 1867 ...... 681 [Neocoelia] Vacelet, 1977 ...... 1097,1522 Mycale (Oxymycale) Hentschel, 1929 ...... 682 Neocoeliidae Hartman, 1982 ...... 1097 Mycale (Paresperella) Dendy, 1905 ...... 683 Neoesperiopsis de Laubenfels, 1949 ...... 703 Mycale (Rhaphidotheca) Kent, 1870 ...... 684 Neofibularia Hechtel, 1965 ...... 648 Mycale (Zygomycale) Topsent, 1930 ...... 687 Neofolitispa Bergquist, 1965 ...... 553 Mycale Gray, 1867 ...... 665,670 Neokolbicyathus Konyaeva, 1997 ...... 1592 Mycalecarmia de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 670 Neoloculicyathus Voronin, 1974 ...... 1653 Mycalidae Lundbeck, 1905 ...... 635 Neopelta Schmidt, 1880 ...... 350 Mycalina Hajdu, Van Soest & Hooper, 1994 ...... 405,633 Neopeltidae Sollas, 1888 ...... 300,344,401 Mycalinae Lundbeck, 1905 ...... 669 Neopetrosia de Laubenfels, 1949 ...... 909 Mycalopsis Topsent, 1927 ...... 659 Neophrissospongia gen. nov. (Pisera & Levi) ...... 315 Myceliospongia Vacelet & Perez, 1997 ...... 1099 Neoprosypa de Laubenfels, 1954 ...... 767 Myle Gray, 1867 ...... 176 Neoschrammeniella gen. nov. (Pisera & Levi) ...... 318 Myliusia Gray, 1859 ...... 1322 Neosiphonia Sollas, 1888 ...... 369 Myliusia sensu Bowerbank, 1869 ...... 1378 Neothenea de Laubenfels, 1934 ...... 147 Myliusidae Schulze, 1885 ...... 1301 Nepheliospongida Bergquist, 1980 ...... 831, 891 Myriastra Sollas, 1886 ...... 110 Nepheliospongiidae Clarke, 1900 ...... 906 Myrmeciophytum Schrammen, 1910 ...... 399 Nethea Sollas, 1888 ...... 154 Myrmecioptychium Schrammen, 1912 ...... 1223 Nevadocoelia Bassler, 1927 ...... 389 Myrmekioderma Ehlers, 1870 ...... 766 Newellia Wood, Reitner & West, 1989 ...... 70 Myxichela de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 424 [Niphadus] Duan, 1984 ...... 1124 Myxilla (Burtonanchora) de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 612 Niphates Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 ...... 886 Myxilla (Ectyomyxilla) Hentschel, 1914 ...... 614 Niphatidae Van Soest, 1980 ...... 834,874 Myxilla (Myxilla) Schmidt, 1862 ...... 611 [Nisella] Johnson, 1899 ...... 282 Myxilla (Styloptilon) Cabioch, 1968 ...... 614 Nisibaris de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 513 Myxilla Schmidt, 1862 ...... 609 Nitidus de Laubenfels, 1955 ...... 1219, 1346 Myxilleae Dendy, 1922 ...... 602 Nochoroicyathus Zhuravleva, 1951 ...... 1561 Myxillidae Dendy, 1922 ...... 520,602 [Normania] Bowerbank, 1869 ...... 154 Myxillidae; Topsent, 1928 ...... 602 Noronha Kirkpatrick, 1908 ...... 691 Myxillina Hajdu, Van Soest & Hooper, 1994 ...... 405,515 Nucha Pickett & Jell, 1983 ...... 1134,1532 xxxviii Index of Higher Taxa to Volumes 1 and 2

Nuchidae fam. nov. (Pickett) ...... 1134 Oxymycale Hentschel, 1929 ...... 682 Nucleotethya Sara & Bavestrello, 1996 ...... 255 Oxytedania Sara, 1978 ...... 628 NudospongillaAnnandale, 1918 ...... 948 Oxytethya Sara & Sara, 2002 ...... 256 Oceanapia Nonnan, 1869 ...... 897 Ozotrachelus de Laubenfels, 1955 ...... 396 Oceanapiidae Van Soest, 1980 ...... 893 Pachamphilla Lendenfeld, 1906 ...... 80,121,142 Ochridaspongia Arndt, 1937 ...... 980 Pachastrella Schmidt, 1868 ...... 151 [Octacium] Schliiter, 1885 ...... 1129 Pachastrellidae Carter, 1875 ...... 105, 141 [Octactinellida] Hinde, 1887 ...... 1117 Pachastrissa Lendenfeld, 1903 ...... 132, 143 Octactinellidae Hinde, 1887 ...... 1121 Pachataxa de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 133 Octavella Tuzet & Paris, 1964 ...... 77 Pachaxinella Burton, 1930 ...... 230 Ohridospongilla Gilbert & Hadzisce, 1984 ...... 1018 Pachinion Zittel, 1878 ...... 393 [Okadaia] de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 553 Pachinionidae Schrammen, 1924 ...... 392 Okulitchicyathus Zhuravleva, 1960 ...... 1654 Pachyascus Schrammen, 1937 ...... 1217 Olangocoeliidae Bechstiidt & Brandner, 1970 ...... 1521 Pachychalina Schmidt, 1868 ...... 888 Olgaecyathidae Borodina, 1974 ...... 1612 Pachychalinopsis Schmidt, 1880 ...... 820 Olgaecyathus Borodina, 1974 ...... 1612 Pachycothon Schrammen, 1901 ...... 395 Oligoceras Schulze, 1879 ...... 1030 Pachydictyum Weltner, 1901 ...... 982 Oligocoelia Vinassa, 1901 ...... 1522 Pachymatisma Bowerbank, 1842 ...... 137 [Olynthaltus] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Pachypellina Burton, 1934 ...... 901 [Olynthandara] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Pachypoterion Hinde, 1883 ...... 395 [Olynthandrium] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Pachyrhachis Schrarnmen, 1937 ...... 1222 [Olynthandrus] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Pachyrotula Volkmer-Ribeiro & Riitzler, 1997 ...... 949 [Olynthella] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Pachysalax Schrammen, 1910 ...... 398 [Olynthelletta] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Pachyselis Schrarnmen, 1924 ...... 398 [Olynthettus] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Pachyteichisma Zittel, 1877 ...... 1221 [Olynthillus] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Pachytheca Schliiter, 1885 ...... 59 [Olynthium] Haeckel, 1869 ...... 1704 Pachytrachelus Schrammen, 1910 ...... 396 [Olynthortus] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Palaeoconularia Chudinova, 1959 ...... 1548 [Olynthulmus] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Palaeoconulariidae Chudinova, 1959 ...... 1548 [Olynthus] Haeckel, 1869 ...... 1704 Palaeoieria Laube, 1865 ...... 1522 [Olynthyssus] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Palaeophragmodictya Gehling & Rigby, 1996 ...... 1117 Ommatosa de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 495 Palaeospongilla Ott & Volkheimer, 1972 ...... 1001 Onconema Ijima, 1927 ...... 1244 Palaeospongillidae Volkmer-Ribeiro & Reitner, 1991 ...... 1000 Oncophoridae Schrammen, 1924 ...... 398 Palennocoeliidae Senowbari-Daryan, 1990 ...... 1521 Oncosclera Volkmer, 1970 ...... 1008 Palmatohindia Rigby & Webby, 1988 ...... 392 Onotoa de Laubenfels, 1955 ...... 197 Palmericyathus Handfield, 1971 ...... 1581 Onychomyxilla Topsent, 1927 ...... 619 Pandaros Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 ...... 452 Oonema; Levi, 1964 ...... 1246 Papillella Vosmaer, 1885 ...... 176 Oopsacas Topsent, 1927 ...... 1451 [papillina] Schmidt, 1862 ...... 176 Ophiraphidites Carter, 1876 ...... 1701 Papillissa Lendenfeld, 1888 ...... 176 [Ophirhaphidites] Bergroth, 1905 ...... 1701 [Papillocyathacea] Rozanov, 1973 ...... 1556 Ophistospongia Gray, 1867 ...... 441 Papillocyathidae Rozanov, 1989 ...... 1556 Ophlitaspongia Bowerbank, 1866 ...... 465 [Papillocyathidae] Rozanov, 1973 ...... 1556 Ophlitaspongiidae de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 455 Papillocyathoidea Rozanov, 1989 ...... 1556 Ophlitaspongiinae de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 455 Papillocyathus Rozanov, 1964 ...... 1556 Orbiasterocyathus Zhuravleva, 1964 ...... 1561 Papyrula Schmidt, 1868 ...... 121, 142 Orbicoscinus Debrenne, 1977 ...... 1631 Paracordyla Hallmann, 1912 ...... 286 Orbicyathellus Osadchaya, 1973 ...... 1561 Paracornulum Hallmann, 1920 ...... 426 Orbicyathus Vologdin, 1937 ...... 1562 Paracoscinus R Bedford & W R Bedford, 1936 ...... 1661 Orbiparanocyathus Belyaeva, 1996 ...... 1655 [Paracyathus] R. Bedford & W.R. Bedford, 1936 ...... 1654 Orchocladina Rauff, 1895 ...... 388 Paradesmanthus gen. nov. (Pisera & Levi) ...... 357 Ordinatus de Laubenfels, 1955 ...... 1219 Paradisconema; Levi, 1964 ...... 1248 Orienticyathus Belyaeva, 1969 ...... 1627 Paradoryx Hallmann, 1920 ...... 442 Orina Gray, 1867 ...... 859 Parafieldingia (Valiant MS.) Milne-Edwards, 1881 ...... 1701 Oroidea Gray, 1867 ...... 820 [Paragrantia] Hozawa, 1940 ...... 1704 [Orthorachis] Sollas ...... 1701 Paraheteropia Borojevic, 1965 ...... 1177 Oscarella Vosmaer, 1884 ...... 77 Parahigginsia Dendy, 1924 ...... 772 Oscarellidae Lendenfeld, 1887 ...... 71 Paralelapia Hozawa, 1923 ...... 1183 [Oscaria] Vosmaer, 1881 ...... 77 [Paralelapia] Hara, 1894 ...... 1184 Osculina Schmidt, 1868 ...... 176 Paraleucilla Dendy, 1892 ...... 1180 Oxeosarcodea de Laubenfels, 1954 ...... 792 Parallelopora Newell, 1935 ...... 60 Oxeostilon Ferrer Hernandez, 1922 ...... 811 Parameyenia Jewell, 1952 ...... 990 Oxheteromeyenia SchrOder, 1927 ...... 942 Paramurrayona Vacelet, 1967 ...... 1154 Oxycarmia de Laubenfels, 1954 ...... 670 Pararnurrayonidae Vacelet, 1967 ...... 1154 Oxycordyla Topsent, 1904 ...... 224 Paramyxilla Dendy, 1905 ...... 540 [Oxyheteromeyenia] Auct ...... 942 Paranacyathus R Bedford & J Bedford, 1937 ...... 1654 Oxylatrunculia Hoshino, 1981 ...... 708,769 Pararete Ijima, 1927 ...... 1216, 1315 Index of Higher Taxa to Volumes 1 and 2 xxxix

Pararhaphoxya Burton, 1934 ...... 736 Phoriospongia Marshall, 1880 ...... 524 Paraspelaeum Schrammen, 1924 ...... 399 Phoriospongiinae Lendenfeld, 1889 ...... 521 Paraspongia Carter, 1885 ...... 1052 Phragmocoeliidae Ott, 1974 ...... '" ...... 1522 Parasyringella Topsent, 1928 ...... 478 Phrissospongia Moret, 1926 ...... 393 Paratedania Burton, 1929 ...... 628 Phrissospongiidae Lagneau-Herenger, 1962 ...... 392 Paratenaciella Vace1et & Vasseur, 1971 ...... 441 Phycopsis Carter, 1883 ...... 739 Paratetilla Dendy, 1905 ...... 95 Phyllobrochis Reid, 1958 ...... 1336 Paratimea Hallmann, 1917 ...... 191 Phyllodermia Schrammen, 1924 ...... 402 Paresperella Dendy, 1905 ...... 683 Phyllospongia Ehlers, 1870 ...... 1046 Paresperia Burton, 1930 ...... 437 Phyllospongidae Keller, 1889 ...... 1044 Parethmophyllum Debrenne, 1987 ...... 1609 Phyllospongiinae Bergquist et aI., 1999 ...... 1044 Parisociella Burton, 1952 ...... 678 Phylosiphonia Lendenfeld, 1887 ...... 853 Parmula Carter, 1881 ...... 994 Phymaplectia Hinde, 1883 ...... 401 Parodospongia Rigby & Chatterton, 1989 ...... 391 Phymaraphinia Schrammen, 1910 ...... 380,399 Paronaespongia Termier & Termier in Termier et al., 1977 ...... 1522 Phymaraphinidae; Levi, 1991 ...... 380 Patellispongia Bassler, 1941 ...... 389 Phymaraphiniidae Schrammen, 1910 ...... 300,380,399 Patuloscula Carter, 1882 ...... 838 Phymaraphininae Schrammen, 1910 ...... 380,399 Pectispongilla Annandale, 1909 ...... 951 Phymatella Zittel, 1878 ...... 399 Pellina Schmidt, 1870 ...... 799 Phymatellidae Schrammen 1910 ...... 300,366,399 Pellinella Thiele, 1905 ...... 862 Phymatellinae Schrammen, 1910 ...... 366 Pellinula Czerniavsky, 1879 ...... 674 Physcaphora Hanitsch, 1895 ...... 198 Penares Gray, 1867 ...... 80, 121 Piamaecyathellidae Rozanov, 1974 ...... 1610 Pencil/aria Gray, 1867 ...... 203 [Piamaecyathellidae] Rozanov, 1973 ...... 1610 Peregrinicyatbidae Zhuravleva, 1967 ...... 1584 Piamaecyathellus Rozanov, 1964 ...... 1610 Peregrinicyathus Zhuravleva, 1967 ...... 1585 Piamaecyathus Zhuravleva, 1960 ...... 1612 Pericharax Polejaeff, 1883 ...... 1151 [Picraster] Sollas, 1888 ...... 143 Periphragella Marshall, 1875 ...... 1216, 1324 Pileospongia Rigby et al., 1979 ...... 1216 Perisinella Topsent, 1928 ...... 775 Pilochrota Sollas, 1886 ...... 110 Perissocoelia Rigby & Webby, 1988 ...... 389 Pilodicoscinus Debrenne & Jiang, 1989 ...... 1618 Permosphincta Termier & Termier, 1974 ...... 1118, 1532 Pinacophora Mehl & Reitner, 1996 ...... 11 Peronidella Hinde, 1893 ...... 1118 Pione Gray, 1867 ...... 180 Petrobiona Vacelet & Levi, 1958 ...... 1191 Pirania Walcott, 1920 ...... 55 Petrobionidae Borojevic, 1979 ...... 1191 Pisothalamiidae Senowbari-Daryan & Rigby, 1988 ...... 1521 Petromica Topsent, 1898 ...... 359,789 Pitalia Gray, 1867 ...... 437 Petromicidae Topsent, 1928 ...... 356 Pityrete Topsent, 1928 ...... 1316 Petrosaspongia Bergquist, 1995 ...... 1041 Placina Topsent, 1890 ...... 79 Petrosia (Petrosia) Vosmaer, 1885 ...... 912 Placinastrella Schulze, 1880 ...... 142 Petrosia (Strongylophora) Dendy, 1905 ...... 913 Placinastrella; Topsent, 1895 ...... 80 Petrosia Vosmaer, 1885 ...... 911 Placinidae Topsent, 1890 ...... 71 Petrosida Boury-Esnault & Van Beveren, 1982 ...... 831,891 Placinolopha Topsent, 1897 ...... 78 Petrosiidae Van Soest, 1980 '" ...... '" ...... 892, 906 Placochalina Lendenfeld, 1887 ...... 840 Petrosina Boury-Esnault & Van Beveren, 1982 ...... 832,891 Placodictyum Schmidt, 1870 ...... 1702 Petro stroma Diiderlein, 1892 ...... '" ...... 1117, 1188 Placopegma Schulze, 1895 ...... 1400 Phacanthina Vosmaer, 1912 ...... 775 [Placoplegma] Burton, 1959 ...... 1400 Phacellopegma Gerth, 1927 ...... 389 Placoplegmatidae de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 1388, 1447 Phakellia Bowerbank, 1862 ...... 738 Placortis Topsent, 1895 ...... 81 [Phakellidae] Gray, 1867 ...... 724 Placoscytus Schrammen, 1901 ...... 402 Phakettia de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 779 [Placosoma] Ijima, 1903 ...... 1403 [Phalangiuml Schrammen, 1910 ...... 319,393 Placospongia Gray, 1867 ...... 198 [Pharetronema] Sollas, 1879 ...... 912 Placospongiidae Gray, 1867 ...... 171, 196 Pharetronida Zittel, 1878 ...... '" ...... 1117 Placotelia Oppliger, 1907 ...... 1220 Phelloderma Ridley & Dendy, 1886 ...... 623 Plakidium Lendenfeld, 1907 ...... 386 Phellodermidae fam.nov. (Van Soest & Hajdu) ...... 520,621 Plakina Schulze, 1880 ..... '" ...... '" ...... 79 Pheronema Leidy, 1868 ...... 1268 Plakinastrella Schulze, 1880 ...... 80, 142 Pheronematidae Gray, 1870 ...... 1231, 1267 Plakinidae Schulze, 1880 ...... 71 [Phialonema] Lendenfeld, 1915 ...... 1250 Plakinolopha de Laubenfels, 1954 ...... 78 Philotia Gray, 1867 ...... 867 Plakoosa de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 79 Phloeodictyidae Carter, 1882 ...... 892 Plakortis Schulze, 1880 ...... 81 Phloeodictyon Carter, 1882 ...... 897 Platella Tabachnick, 1988 ...... 1262 Phlyctaenium Zittel, 1877 ...... 1222 Platychalina Ehlers, 1870 ...... 838 Phlyctaenopora (Barbozia) Dendy, 1922 ...... 689 Platychalina; Wiedenmayer in Hooper & Wiedenmayer, 1994 ...... 838 Phlyctaenopora (Phlyctaenopora) Topsent, 1904 ...... 688 Platychonia Zittel, 1878 ...... 398 Phlyctaenopora Topsent, 1904 ...... 688,708 Platychoniadae Schrammen, 1937 ...... 398 Phlyctia, Pomel, 1872 ...... 398 Platylistrum Schulze, 1904 ...... 1270 Pholidocladia Hinde, 1883 ...... 399 [Platylistrum Schulze (in Chun, 1900)] ...... 1270 Phorbas Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 ...... 585 Playfordiella Rigby, 1986 ...... 389 Phorbasidae de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 575 Plectispa Lendenfeld, 1888 ...... 452 xl Index of Higher Taxa to Volumes 1 and 2

Plectodendron Lendenfeld, 1888 ...... 230 Polytherses Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 ...... 1023 Plectronella Sollas, 1879 ...... 499 Polytholosiidae Seilacher, 1962 ...... 1521 Plectroninia Hinde, 1900 ...... 1188 Polyurella Gray, 1870 ...... 92 Plegiatella Brimaud & Vachard, 1986 ...... 399 Pomelia Zittel, 1878 ...... 304 Pleiomeyenia Mills, 1884 ...... 937 Porata Seilacher, 1962 ...... 1532 Pleodioria Opik, 1961 ...... 1213 Porifera Grant, 1836 ...... 9 Pleorhabdus Schulze, 1887 ...... 1465 Poritella Schmidt, 1879 ...... 386 Pleraplysilla Topsent, 1905 ...... 1063 Porocoscinidae Debrenne, 1964 ...... 1634 Pleroma Sollas, 1888 ...... 324 Porocoscinoidea Debrenne, 1964 ...... 1633 Pleromatidae; Lendenfeld, 1903 ...... 321 Porocoscinus Debrenne, 1964 ...... 1635 Pleromidae Sollas, 1888 ...... 300,321, 395 Porocyathellus Debrenne, 1977 ...... 1605 Pleromides Moret, 1926 ...... 321 Porocypellia Zittel, 1877 ...... 1223 Pleurochorium Schrammen, 1912 ...... 1216, 1325 Porosphaerella Welter, 1910 ...... 1188 [Plicatella] Schmidt, 1870 ...... 548 Porosphaeridae de Laubenfels. 1955 ...... 1186 Plicatellopsis Burton, 1932 ...... 232 Porospongia d'Orbigny, 1849 ...... 1219 Plicocyathus Vologdin, 1960 ...... 1591 Porphyria Bergquist, 1995 ...... 1095 Plinthodermatium Schrarrunen, 1910 ...... 398 Pospelovicyathus Konyaeva, 1997 ...... 1572 Plinthosella Zittel, 1878 ...... 401 Potamolepidae Brien, 1967 ...... 1002 Plinthosellidae; Schrammen, 1924 ...... 401 Potamolepis Marshall, 1883 ...... 1003 Plinthosellinae Schrammen, 1910 ...... 401 Potamophloiinae Brien, 1969 ...... 1002 Pliochoanites Pomel, 1872 ...... 1701 Potamophloios Brien, 1970 ...... 1006 Plocamia Schmidt, 1870 ...... 456 Poterion Schlegel, 1858 ...... 176 Plocamiancora Topsent, 1927 ...... 616 Pozziella Topsent, 1896 ...... 667 Plocamilla Topsent, 1928 ...... 457 Pretiosocyathus Rozanov, 1966 ...... 1585 Plocamione Topsent, 1927 ...... 503 Prianos Gray, 1867 ...... 867 Plocamionida Topsent, 1927 ...... 590 Prionema; Levi, 1964 ...... 1250 Plocamioninae subfam. nov. (Hooper) ...... 502 Procorallistes Schrammen, 1901 ...... 393 Plocamiopsis Topsent, 1904 ...... 457 Proiwliapsis Schrammen, 1901 ...... 399 Plocamissa Burton, 1935 ...... 616 PronaxGray, 1867 ...... 176 Ploylophidium Finks, 1960 ...... 1216 [Pronax] Gray, 1867 ...... 585 Plumocolumella Burton, 1929 ...... 569 Pronaxella Burton, 1931 ...... 585 Plumocolumetta de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 882 Propachastrella Schrammen, 1910 ...... 143 Plumohalichondria Carter, 1876 ...... 585 Propleroma Moret, 1926 ...... 395 Pocilloguitarra Topsent, 1928 ...... 654 Propriolynthus Okuneva, 1967 ...... 1551 Pocillon Topsent, 1893 ...... 423 Proraspailia Levi, 1958 ...... 488 Podospongia du Bocage, 1869 ...... 696, 708 Prostylissa Topsent, 1925 ...... 790 Podospongiidae de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 634,694,708 Prosuberites Topsent, 1893 ...... 233 Podotuberculum Bakus, 1966 ...... 585 [Prosycum] Haeckel, 1869 ...... 1704 Poecillastra Sollas, 1888 ...... 154 Proteleia Dendy & Ridley, 1886 ...... 204 Poecilochela de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 580 Protoclathria Burton, 1932 ...... 457 Poecilosclerida Topsent, 1928 ...... 403 Protocyathus Ford, 1878 ...... 1605 Poeciloscleridae Topsent, 1894 ...... 403 Protoesperia Czemiavsky, 1879 ...... 670 Poecilosclerina Topsent, 1928 ...... 403 Protopharetra Bornemann, 1884 ...... 1665 Polejaevia Borojevic et al., 2000 ...... 1173 Protophlitaspongia Burton, 1934 ...... 450 [Polejna] Lendenfeld, 1885 ...... 1704 Protoraspailia Burton & Rao, 1932 ...... 488 [Polejna] Lendenfeld, 1891 ...... 1173 Protoschmidtia Czerniavsky, 1878 ...... 873 Poliopogon Thomson, 1873 ...... 1272 Protospongia Salter, 1864 ...... 1212 Polycladium Qian, 1984 ...... 1122 Protospongiidae Hinde, 1887 ...... 1212 Polycoscinidae Debrenne, 1964 ...... 1625 Protospongioidea Finks, 1960 ...... 1211 Polycoscinoidea Debrenne, 1964 ...... 1623 Protosuberites Swartschewsky, 1905 ...... 234 Polycoscinus R Bedford & J Bedford, 1937 ...... 1625 Psammaplysilla Keller, 1889 ...... 1087 Polycystocoelia Zhang, 1983 ...... 1522 Psarrunascidae de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 521 Polyedridae Termier & Termier in Termier et al., 1977 ...... 1521 Psammascus Marshall, 1880 ...... 524 Polyfibrospongia Bowerbank, 1877 ...... 1046 Psammastra Sollas, 1886 ...... 120 Polygonatium Schrammen, 1937 ...... 1216 Psammina Haeckel, 1889 ...... 1702 [Polylophus] Schulze, 1885 ...... 1499 Psammochela Dendy, 1916 ...... 617 Polymastia Bowerbank, 1864 ...... 203 Psammocinia Lendenfeld, 1889 ...... 1026 Polymastiidae Gray, 1867 ...... 172,201 Psammoclema Marshall, 1880 ...... 524 Polyphymospongia King, 1943 ...... 1522 PsammodoryxBurton,1934 ...... 617 Polypyge Schrammen, 1937 ...... 1219 Psammopemma Marshall, 1880 ...... 524 Polyrhabdus Schulze, 1886 ...... 1465 Psammophyllium Haeckel, 1889 ...... 1702 Polyrhypidium Schrammen, 1924 ...... 399 Psammotoxa de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 439 Polysiphonella Belyaeva in Boiko et al., 1991 ...... 1522 Psarodictyum Raymond & Okulitch, 1940 ...... 389 Polysiphonellidae Belyaeva in Boiko et aI., 1991 ...... 1522 Psephosyllogus Schrammen, 1937 ...... 1217 [Polysiphonia] Levinsen, 1886 ...... 1701 [Psetalia] Gray, 1873 ...... 90 Polystillicidocyathus Debrenne, 1959 ...... 1619 Pseudanchinoe Burton, 1929 ...... 441 Polythalamia Debrenne & Wood, 1990 ...... 1643 Pseudaxinella Schmidt, 1875 ...... 739 Index of Higher Taxa to Volumes 1 and 2 xli

Pseudaxinyssa Burton, 1931 ...... " ...... "." ...... 792 Raphyrus Bowerbank, 1862 ...... 176 Pseudobasta Topsent, 1931 ...... 1072 [Rasalia] Gray, 1867 ...... 473 Pseudocavispongia Herenger, 1944 ...... 1219 Rasetticyathus Debrenne, 1971 ...... 1577 Pseudoceratina Carter, 1885 ...... 1087 Raspaciona Topsent, 1936 ...... """ 490 Pseudoceratinidae Carter, 1885 ...... 1086 Raspaigella Schmidt, 1868 ...... 799 [Pseudochalina] Schmidt, 1870 ...... 1701 Raspailia (Clathriodendron) Lendenfeld, 1888 ...... 475 Pseudoclathria Dendy, 1897 ...... 557 Raspailia (Hymeraphiopsis) Hooper, 1991 ...... 478 Pseudocorticium Boury-Esnault et aI., 1995 ...... 81 Raspailia (Parasyringella) Topsent, 1928 ...... 478 Pseudocytoracea Lagneau-Herenger, 1962 ...... 398 Raspailia (Raspailia) Nardo, 1833 ...... 473 Pseudoesperia Carter, 1886 ...... 670 Raspailia (Raspaxilla) Topsent, 1913 ...... 475 Pseudohalichondria Carter, 1886 ...... 591 Raspailia Nardo, 1833 ...... 473 Pseudohymeniacidon Carballo, 2001 ...... 796 Raspailiidae Hentschel, 1923 ...... '" ...... 410, 469 Pseudojerea Moret, 1926 ...... 402 Raspailiinae Nardo, 1833 ...... 472 Pseudomyxilla Koltun, 1955 ...... 619 Raspailopsis Burton, 1959 ...... 478 Pseudopalmatohindia Rigby & Webby 1988 ...... 389 [Raspalia] Gray, 1867 ...... 473 Pseudoplectella Tabachnick, 1990 ...... 1426 Raspaxilla Topsent, 1913 ...... 475 Pseudospongosorites McCormack & Kelly, 2002 ...... " .. " 237 Raspelia Nardo, 1833 ...... 472 Pseudosuberites Topsent, 1896 ...... 237 Raspeloplocamia Burton, 1935 ...... 503 Pseudosyringocnema Handfield, 1971 ...... 1685 Ratcliffespongia Rigby & Church, 1990 ...... 1215 Pseudotennericyathellus Osadchaya, 1979 ...... 1570 Rectannulus Debrenne, 1977 .".""""".""""".""""""""""""""""". 1566 Pseudotrachya Hallmann, 1914 ...... 217 Regadrella Schmidt, 1880 .""".""."""""""""".""""".""""" 1216, 1427 Pseudoverticillites Boiko, 1990 ...... 1532 Regispongia Rigby, 1978 """""""""."""""""""""""""""""""""" 1138 Psilocalyx Ijima, 1927 ...... 1346 Regnardia Moret 1926 """"""""""""""""""""""".""""""""""""" 397 Pteronema; Levi, 1964 ...... 1253 Reidispongia Levi & Levi, 1988 """"""."""".""""""""""."."".""" 372 Ptilocaulis Carter, 1883 ...... 741 Reiswigia Trammer, 1979 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 398 Ptychodesia Schrammen, 1912 ...... 1327 Reniclona de Laubenfels, 1954 "".""""""".""""."""""".""".""."". 867 Pumicea Pome!, 1872 ...... 1701 Reniera Schmidt, 1862 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 867 Putapacyathidae R Bedford & J Bedford, 1936 ...... "". 1638 Renieridae; Ridley, 1884 """".""""."""."""".""."."""".""""""."." 852 Putapacyathoidea R Bedford & J Bedford, 1936 ...... 1638 Renierinae Schmidt, 1870 """"""."""."".""."."".""""""""""""."" 852 Putapacyathus R Bedford & J Bedford, 1936 ...... 1639 Reniochalina Lendenfeld, 1888 """"'"'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 744 Pycnocalyptra Schrammen, 1937 ...... 1217 Retecoscinus Zhuravleva, 1960 """.""""""".""."".""""""""."""" 1617 Pycnodesma Schrammen, 1910 ...... """ 401 Retetumulus Debrenne, 1977 "".".".".".""""""".""""""."""."""." 1631 Pycnoidocoscinidae Debrenne 1974 ...... "." 1663 Reticulosida Reid, 1958 """".".""""."""""".".""""."."""".""""". 1211 Pycnoidocoscinus R Bedford & W R Bedford, 1936 ...... 1663 Retilamina Debrenne & James, 1981 """."""""".""".""."""".""". 1661 Pycnoidocyathus Taylor, 1910 ...... 1667 [Rewardocyathidae] Rozanov, 1973 """"."""""".".""""."""""".". 1594 Pyloderma Kirkpatrick, 1907 ...... 570 [Rewardocyathidae] Rozanov, in Debrenne etal., 1989 """"""""". 1594 Pyrgochoniadae Schrammen, 1937 ...... "". 398 [Rewardocyathus] Rozanov, 1973 ""."""""""""""""."""""""""". 1594 Pytheas Topsent, 1890 ...... 557 Rhabdastrella Thiele, 1903 .""""".""""""".""""""""""""""".""". 114 Pytheilla de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 557 Rhabderemia Topsent, 1890 """"."."""."".""""."""."".".""."".""" 513 Pyxitis Schmidt, 1870 ...... 138 Rhabderemiidae Topsent, 1928 ."""""""""""""".""""""."""" 411,511 Qasimella Thomas, 1974 ...... 463 Rhabdeurypon Vacelet, 1969 """".".""""""""""."""."""".""""."." 492 Quasillina Norman, 1869 ...... 210 Rhabdobaris Pulitzer-Finali, 1983 "."""""."""".""".""."""""".""" 751 Quepanetsal de Laubenfels, 1954 ...... 916 Rhabdocalyptus Schulze, 1886 """"""""""""""""""".""""""""". 1449 Querciclona de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 727 [Rhabdodermella] Urban, 1902 """"."""""".""".""""."."""""".". 1704 Quindesmia de Laubenfels, 1950 ...... 759 [Rhabdodictyon] Schmidt, 1880 .".""""".""""""""."""".""""""." 1370 Quintoxilla de Laubenfels, 1950 ...... 456 Rhabdodictyum Zittel, 1883 """"."."""""""""""."".""""""."""". 1370 Quixilla de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... , ...... 488 Rhabdodragma Dendy, 1916 ".""""""""""""""""""""".".""""""" 120 Quizciona de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 456 Rhabdolynthus Zhuravleva, 1960 ."."""."".""""."""."".""".""""" 1643 Rabdium Schrammen, 1937 ...... 1219 Rhabdopectella Schmidt, 1880 .""""".".""""""""""""""".".""."" 1430 Racekiela Bass & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1998 ...... " .. 953 [Rhabdoplegma] Schmidt, 1880 """."""""""""""""""""""""""". 1430 Racemina Termier & Termier in Termier et aI., 1977 ...... 1522 Rhabdoploca Topsent, 1904 "'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 751 Racodiscula Zittel, 1878 ...... 331 Rhabdosa Sollas, 1888 """""'"'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 299 Radiella Schmidt, 1870 ...... 213 Rhabdosigma Hallmann, 1916 ".""".""""."""""""""."."""."".""". 513 Radiocella Senowbari-Daryan & Wurm, 1994 ...... "". 1533 Rhabdostauridium Schmidt, 1880 """"""""""""."""."""""""""". 1701 Radiocellidae Senowbari-Daryan & Wurm, 1994 ...... 1533 Rhabdotum Schrammen, 1924 """"."""."".""""."""."".".""."".""" 398 Radiocyatha Debrenne et al., 1970 ...... 1122 Rhachella Sollas, 1888 "".".""""."""".""""""""""".""""."."""." 1701 Radiospongilla Penney & Racek, 1968 ...... 954 Rhagadinia Zittel, 1878 .""""""""""".""""""""""""."."."""".""". 402 Ramella Schulze, 1904 ...... 1339 Rhaphidectyon Topsent, 1927 """.""""".""""""."""."".".""."".""" 480 Ramispongia Quenstedt, 1878 ...... 1219 Rhaphidhistia Carter, 1879 """.""""".""""""""""."""""."."""""." 272 Ramoses de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 437 Rhaphidistiinae de Laubenfels, 1936 "'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 102, 169,268 Ramosichela de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 557 Rhaphidophlus Ehlers, 1870 """""""""""""'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 447 Rankenella Kruse, 1983 ...... 389 Rhaphidorus Topsent, 1898 """".".""""""""""""""""."""""".""". 216 Raoa de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 640 Rhaphidostyla Burton, 1935 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 807 Raphidotethya Burton, 1934 ...... 90 Rhaphidoteca Kent, 1870 """.""""".""""."".".""""""."""""""""" 668 Raphioderma Bowerbank, 1869 ...... 670 Rhaphidotheca Kent, 1870 """."""""."".""""""."""."""".""""""" 684 Raphiodesma; Bowerbank, 1874 ...... """ 672 [Rhaphiophora] de Laubenfels, 1936 """"""""""""""."""""""""". 176 Raphiophora Gray, 1867 ...... 176 Rhaphisia Topsent, 1892 """""'"'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 859 xlii Index of Higher Taxa to Volumes 1 and 2

Rhaphoxiella Burton, 1934 ...... 807 Saturnospongilla Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1976 ...... 960 Rhaphoxya Hallmann, 1917 ...... 780 Sealarispongia Cook & Bergquist, 2000 ...... 1043 Rhizaxinella Keller, 1880 ...... 239 Seantiletta de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 289 Rhizoehalina Schmidt, 1870 ...... 897 [Seantilla) Johnson, 1899 ...... 289 Rhizoniera Griessinger, 1971 ...... 871 Seeptrella Schmidt, 1870 ...... 716 Rhizopoterion Zittel, 1877 ...... 1221 Sceptrintus Topsent, 1898 ...... 700 Rhogostomium Schrammen, 1937 ...... 1223 Sceptrospongia Dendy, 1926 ...... 670 Rhopaloeoelia Raymond & Okulitch, 1940 ...... 389 Schaudinnia Schulze, 1900 ...... 1483 Rhopaloeides Thompson, Murphy, Bergquist & Evans, 1987 ...... 1059 Scheiella Finks, 1971 ...... 392 Rhoptrum Schrammen, 1910 ...... 402 Scheielloides Rigby, 1986 ...... 392 Rhytidoderma Schrammen, 1937 ...... 397 Scheiia Tschernyschev & Stepanov, 1916 ...... 392 Ridleia Dendy, 1888 ...... 211 Schismospongia Rhebergen & Hacht, 2000 ...... 389 Rimella Schmidt, 1879 ...... 381 [Schmidtia) Balsamo Crivelli, 1863 ...... 912 Rinalda Schmidt, 1870 ...... 203 Schrammeniella Breistrofer, 1947 ...... 319 Ringifungia Korshunov, 1969 ...... 1592 Schulzeviella Tabachnick, 1990 ...... 1274 Robertiolynthus A Zhuravlev, 1987 ...... 1552 Schumnyicyathidae Debrenne, Rozanov & A Zhuravlev, 1989 ...... 1635 Robertocyathidae Rozanov, 1969 ...... 1583 Schumnyicyathoidea Debrenne, Rozanov & A Zhuravlev, 1989 ...... 1635 Robertoeyathus Rozanov, 1969 ...... 1583 Schumnyieyathus Zhuravleva, 1968 ...... 1636 Robustoeyathellus Konyushkov, 1972 ...... 1562 Schweigger Nardo ...... 1702 Roosa de Laubenfels, 1934 ...... 81 [Schyphia) Pocta, 1883 ...... 1701 Rossella Carter, 1872 ...... 1444 Sclerilla Schmidt, 1868 ...... 580 Rossellidae Schulze, 1885 ...... 1387, 1441, 1443 Scleritoderma Sollas, 1888 ...... 308 Rossellinae; Schulze, 1897 ...... '" ...... 1443 [Scleritoderma) Schmidt, 1879 ...... 308 Rossoeyathella Zhuravleva, 1960 ...... 1600 Scleritodermatidae; Lendenfeld, 1903 ...... 308 Rotuloploeamia Levi, 1952 ...... 600 ScIeritodermidae Sollas, 1888 ...... 300 Rotundoeyathus Vologdin, 1960 ...... 1562 Scleroehalina Schmidt, 1868 ...... 849 Rozanovieoscinus Debrenne, 1970 ...... 1618 Scleroeyathus Vologdin, 1960 ...... 1597 Rozanovicyathidae Korshunov, 1969 ...... 1633 Scleropegma Schrammen, 1912 ...... 1219 Rozanovieyathus Korshunov, 1969 ...... 1633 Scleroplegma Schmidt, 1880 ...... 1383 Rudanulidae Debrenne et aI., 1989 ...... 1618 Sclerospongiae Hartman & Goreau, 1970 ...... 11,59,817,1521 Rudanulus Debrenne, 1974 ...... 1618 Sclerothamnidae Schulze, 1885 ...... 1341 Rujospongia Rigby & Mehl, 1994 ...... 1216 Sclerothamnopsis Wilson, 1904 ...... 1339, 1348 [Rugoeyathus) Vologdin, 1962 ...... 1612 Sclerothamnus Marshall, 1875 ...... 1350 Russoeyathus Zhuravleva, 1955 ...... 1600 Seolopes Sollas, 1888 ...... 286 Saeeoealyx Schulze, 1895 ...... 1409 Scolopidae Sollas, 1888 ...... 281 Saecospongia Bassler, 1889 ...... 56,390 Seolymastra Topsent, 1916 ...... 1456 Saccospongiidae Rigby & Dixon, 1979 ...... 390 Scopalina Schmidt, 1862 ...... 781 Sadie ria Rigby, 1986 ...... 392 Scutastra Ferrer-Hernandez, 1912 ...... 135 Saetaspongia Steiner et aI., 1993 ...... 54 [Scypha) sensu Burton, 1963 ...... 1701 Sagaeyathus Kruse, 1982 ...... 1572 [Scyphia) Goldfuss, 1833 ...... 1290 Sagitullaria Welter, 1910 ...... 1188 [Scyphia) Oken, 1815 ...... 1290, 1701 Sajanocyathidae Vologdin, 1956 ...... 1579 Scyphidae de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 1162 Sajanocyathus Vologdin, 1940 ...... 1579 Scyphidium Schulze, 1900 ...... 1485 Sajanolynthidae Rozanov, 1989 ...... 1551 Scytalia Zittel, 1878 ...... 398 [Sajanolynthidae) Kashina, in Rozanov, 1973 ...... 1551 Scytalidae de Laubenfels, 1955 ...... 398 Sajanolynthus Vologdin & Kashina, 1972 ...... 1551 Sebargasia Steinmann, 1882 ...... 1522 Sakhacyathidae Debrenne & A Zhuravlev, 1990 ...... 1655 Sebargasiidae de Laubenfels, 1955 ...... 1517 Sakhacyathoidea Debrenne & A Zhuravlev, 1990 ...... 1654 Seiriola Hanitsch, 1889 ...... 115 Sakhaeyathus Debrenne & A Zhuravlev, 1990 ...... 1655 Seiriolidae Hanitsch, 1889 ...... 108 Salairocyathidae Zhuravleva, 1956 ...... 1618 Sekwicyathus Handfield, 1971 ...... 1601 Salairocyathoidea Zhuravleva, 1956 ...... 1615 Seliscothon Zittel, 1878 ...... 307,398 Salairoeyathus Vologdin, 1940 ...... 1618 Seliscothonidae Schrammen, 1924 ...... 398 Salzburgiidae Senowbari-Daryan & Schafer, 1979 ...... 1521 Semisuberites Carter, 1877 ...... 661 Samidae Sollas, 1888 ...... 83, 99 Semisuberitidae de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 656, 722, 788 Samus Gray, 1867 ...... 99 Semitaspongia Cook & Bergquist, 2000 ...... 1043 Sanarkocyathidae Hill, 1972 ...... 1592 Semperella Gray, 1868 ...... 1276 Sanarkoeyathus Zhuravleva, 1963 ...... 1592 Semperellinae Schulze, 1886 ...... 1267 Sanarkophyllum Debrenne & Kruse, 1986 ...... 1588 Seriatula Gray, 1867 ...... 800 SanidastraVolkmer-Ribeiro & Watanabe, 1983 ...... 708,957 Sericolophus Ijima, 1901 ...... 1278 Sanidastrella Topsent, 1892 ...... liS Serieyathus Voronin, 1988 ...... 1577 Sanshadietya Mehl & Reimer, 1993 ...... 1215 [Se1pula) Coy, 1862 ...... 1234 Sanshapentella Mehl & Erdtmann, 1994 ...... 1215 Setidium Schmidt, 1879 ...... 308 Sapline Gray, 1867 ...... 176 Sexradiatospongia Gray, 1874 ...... 1201 Sareoeornea Carter, 1885 ...... 524 Shiveligocyathidae Fonin, 1983 ...... 1657 Sarcomella Schmidt, 1886 ...... 1701 Shiveligoeyathus Missarzhevskiy, 1961 ...... 1657 Sarcotragus Schmidt, 1862 ...... 1024 Sibireeyathus Vologdin, 1937 ...... 1562 Sarostegia Topsent, 1904 ...... 1339 Siderocyathus Debrenne & Gangloff, 1990 ...... 1581 Index of Higher Taxa to Volumes 1 and 2 xliii

[Sideroderma] Ridley & Dendy, 1886 ...... ,. .. ,...... ,...... ,..,. 529 Solina Gray, 1867 ,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,..,.,,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,..,,.,..,.,,. 1702 Siderodermella Dendy, 1922 ,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.. 529 Sollasella Lendenfeld, 1888 ,.,..,,.,..,,.,..,,.,..,,.,..,,.,.,,..,,.,..,,.,.,..,,..,,.,..,. 279 Sidonops Sollas, 1889 ,..,.,.,,..,,.,..,,..,,.,..,,..,.,,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,..,,..,.,.,,.,.,.,, 140 Sollasellidae Lendenfeld, 1887 ,..,,.,..,,.,..,,.,.,.,.,.,..,,..,.,,.,.,.,..,.,,.. 169,279 Sigmadocia de Laubenfels, 1936 .,,.,..,,.,.,..,,..,.,,.,.,.,..,,.,..,,.,.,.,.,.,,,.,..,. 859 Somatispongia Bowerbank, 1845 """"""""""""""""""""""""""" 1702 Sigmarotula Bergquist & Fromont, 1988 ,.,.,.,..,.,,.,.,.,..,,.,.,..,,.,.,.,..,,.., 597 Sommersetella Rigby & Dixon, 1979 .,.,,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,..,,..,.,,.,.,.,..,.,,..,,.,.., 389 Sigmatella Lendenfeld, 1888 .,,.,..,,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,..,,..,.,,..,,.,.,.. 522 Sophax Gray, 1867 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""'" 441 Sigmatophora Sollas, 1887 .,,.,..,,..,.,.,,.,.,.,..,.,.,,.,.,..,,..,.,.,,.,.,.,..,,.,, 83, 105 Spanioplon Topsent, 1890 ,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,..,,..,.,,..,,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,..,,.,..,.,,.,.,.. 593 Sigmatosclerophora Burton, 1934 .,,..,.,,..,,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,..,.,,..,,.,.,.,.,.,,,.. 83 Sphaerocladina Schrammen, 1910 """"""""""""""""""""""""""" 391 Sigmatotetraxonida Dendy, 1922 ,.,.,.,..,,.,..,.,,.,.,.,..,.,,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,.,.., 83 Sphaerocoelia Steinmann, 1882 ,..,.,,.,..,,..,.,,..,.,,.,.,.,.,..,,.., ..,.,. 1119, 1532 Sigmatoxella de Laubenfels, 1936 """"""""""""""""""""""""""'" 644 Sphaerocoelida Vacelet, 1979 ,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,..,,..,.,,.,.,.,.,..,,.., 1119, 1532 Sigmaxia Hallmann, 1916 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""'" 649 Sphaerocoeliidae Steinmann, 1882 ,.,..,,..,,.,..,,.,.,.,..,.,,.,.,.,..,.,.,,..,,..,. 1517 Sigmaxinella Dendy, 1897 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""'" 649 Sphaerotylus Topsent, 1898 ,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,.,.,..,,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,..,,.,.. 205 Sigmaxinellidae Levi, 1955 ,.,.,.,..,.,,..,,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,..,. 642 Sphaeroverticillitiidae Boiko in Boiko et al., 1991 ,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,..,,..,,.. 1521 Sigmaxinyssa Kirkpatrick, 1907 ,.,..,,.,..,,..,.,.,,.,.,.,..,.,,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.., 885 Spheciospongia Marshall, 1892 ,.,..,,.,.,..,.,.,.,.,.,,..,,.,.,.,..,,,,.,.,.,..,.,,.,.,.. 181 Sigmeurypon Topsent, 1928 ,.,..,,.,..,,..,.,.,.,,..,,..,,..,,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,,,. 468 Sphenaulax Zittel, 1877 ,.,.,.,..,.,,..,.,,.,..,.,.,.,,..,,.,..,,..,,..,.,.,,.,.,..,.,.,,.,.. 1217 Sigmocoscinidae R Bedford & J Bedford, 1939 ,..,,..,,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,.. 1632 [Sphenophorina] Breitfuss, 1898 .,,.,..,,.,..,,.,..,,.,.,.,..,.,,.,..,,.,..,.,,..,,..,. 1705 Sigmocoscinoidea R Bedford & J Bedford, 1939 ,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,.. 1631 [Sphenophorus] Breitfuss, 1898 """""""""""""""""""""""""""" 1705 Sigmocoscinus R Bedford & J Bedford, 1936 ,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,.,..,,.. 1632 Sphincterella de Laubenfels, 1936 ,.,.,..,,..,.,,..,,.,.,..,,..,.,,.,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.., 159 Sigmocyathidae Krasnopeeva, 1953 ,.,..,,.,..,.,,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,. 1613 Sphinctozoa Steinmann, 1882 ,..,,..,,.,.,..,.,.,.,,..,. 11,16,1097,1117,1511 Sigmocyathoidea Krasnopeeva, 1953 """""""""""""""""""""""" 1613 [Sphinctrella] Schmidt, 1870 ,..,.,.,.,,.,..,.,.,.,.,.,,.,..,,.,.,.,..,.,,.,.,.,..,.,,.,..,. 159 Sigmocyathus R Bedford & J Bedford, 1936 ,..,,..,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,.. 1615 Spica Termier & Termier in Termier et al., 1977 .,,.,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,. 1522 Sigmofungia R Bedford & W R Bedford, 1936 ,.,..,,..,,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,.. 1667 Spiculospongiae Gray, 1867 ,.,..,,.,..,,.,..,,.,..,,..,.,,..,,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,..,,,., 16,788 Sigmosceptrella Dendy, 1922 .,,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,.,,..,,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,..,,..,,.,. 701,708 Spinocladiidae Lagneau-Herenger, 1962 """""""""""""""""""""" 392 Sigmotylotella Burton, 1932 ,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,..,,..,.,,..,,,,.,..,,..,,.,..,,.,.,.,.,.,..,,.., 644 Spinosella Vosmaer, 1887 ,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,..,,..,.,,.,.,.,.,. 841 Silesiaspongia Pisera & Bodzioch, 1991 ,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,..,,.,..,,.,.. 1216 Spinosocyathus Zhuravleva, 1960 .,,.,.,..,.,.,.,.,.,,..,,.,.,..,.,.,,.,.,..,.,.,,.,.. 1671 Silicea Gray, 1867 ,.,.,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,..,,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,.,,.,.,.,..,.,,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.. 11 Spinospongilla Brien, 1974 .,.,,.:,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,..,,..,,.,.,..,,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,. 984 Silicispongiae Johnston, 1842 ,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.. 11 Spinularia Gray 1867 .,.,,.,.,.,.,..,,..,.,,.,..,,.,..,,..,.,,.,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,. 216 Siliquariaspongia Hoshino 1981 """""""""""""""""""""""""""'" 332 Spirasigma Hallmann, 1912 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 102 Simplicella Merejkowsky, 1878 ,..,.,,..,,.,..,,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,..,,.,,,.,.. 1069 Spirasigmidae Hallmann, 1912 """""""""""""""""""""""""'" 83, 102 Sinocoelia Zhang & Fan, 1985 """"""""""""""""""""""""""'''''' 1522 Spirastrella Schmidt, 1868 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 66,222 [Siphonella] Lendenfeld, 1887 ,.,.,..,,..,.,,.,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,. 849 Spirastrella sensu Ridley, 1884 ,..,,.,.,..,,..,,.,..,,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,..,.,,.,.,.,.. 176 Siphonia Parkinson, 1822 ,..,,.,..,,..,.,,..,,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,.., 389 Spirastrellidae Ridley & Dendy, 1886 ,.,..,,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,..,,.,.,.. 171, 173,220 Siphonidiella Burton, 1928 .,,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,.,..,,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,.., 341 Spiretta Lendenfeld, 1888 .,,.,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,.,..,.,,.,.,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,,,.,.. 96 Siphonidiidae Lendenfeld, 1903 ,.,.,.,.,..,,.,..,,..,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,..,.,. 300,338 Spirillicyathus R Bedford & J Bedford, 1937 """"""""""""""""'" 1671 Siphonidium Schmidt, 1879 ,..,.,,..,,.,..,,.,.,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,..,,..,,..,.,.,,..,,.,.,.. 342 Spirocyathella Vologdin, 1939 .,,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,..,,..,,.,.,..,,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,. 1667 Siphonocalypta Burton, 1931 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 661 [Spirophora] Lendenfeld, 1887 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""'" 269 Siphonochalina Schmidt, 1868 ,.,.,.,.,.,..,,..,.,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,..,,.,. 849 Spimphorella Lendenfeld, 1888 ,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,. 269 Siphonochalinopsis Schmidt, 1880 ,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,..,,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,. 820 [Spirophorellinae] Lendenfeld, 1889 ,..,,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,..,,.,..,,.,.,..,,..,.,. 169,268 Siphonodictyon Bergquist, 1965 ,.,..,,..,.,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,. 895 Spirophorida Bergquist & Hogg, 1969 """""""""""""""""""""""'''' 83 Siphydora Clark, 1867 ,.,..,,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,..,.,,.,.,.,..,,.,.,,. 1702 Spirophoridae Brien, 1968 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""'" 83 Skeizia Cabioch, 1968 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""'" 753 Spirophorina; Wiedenmayer, 1977 """""""""""""""""""""""""""" 83 Smenospongia Wiedenmayer, 1977 ,..,,.,.,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,..,,..,,..,.,,.,.,.,.,.. 1038 Spirorhabdia Topsent, 1918 ,.,..,,.,..,,.,..,,.,..,,.,..,,..,,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,.,.,,,.,. 566 [Soanicyathacea] Rozanov, 1973 .,,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,..,.,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,..,. 1556 Spirosclerina Reid, 1963 ,..,,.,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,.,.. 83 Soanicyathidae Rozanov, 1964 .,,..,,.,..,,.,.,..,,.,..,,.,.,.,.,,.,,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,. 1557 Spiroxya Topsent, 1896 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 103,286 Soanicyathoidea Rozanov, 1964 ,..,,.,.,.,.,.,..,,..,.,,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,. 1556 Spongelia Nardo, 1847 .,,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,..,,..,.,,.,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,,,. 1062 Soestella De Weerdt, 2000 (subgen.) .,,.,.,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,..,.,.,,.,.,.. 871 SpongeJia; Schmidt, 1862 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 1062 Solactiniella Mehl & Reitner, 1993 ,.,.,.,.,..,.,.,,.,.,..,.,.,,.,.,.,..,.,,.,..,,.,.. 1215 Spongelidae Schulze, 1879 ,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,..,.,,..,.,,.,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,..,,..,.,.. 1061 Solanderia Duchassaing & Michelin, 1846 """"""""""""""""""'" 1702 Spongia (Australospongia) Cook & Bergquist, 2001 .,,.,.,..,,.,..,,.,.,.,. 1054 Soleneiscidae nom. nov. (Borojevic et al.) .,,..,,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,..,.. 1144 Spongia (Heterofibria) Cook & Bergquist, 2001 """"""""""""""" 1055 Soleneiscus nom. nov. (Borojevic et al.) ,.,.,..,.,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,.,..,.,,.,.. 1144 Spongia (Spongia) Linnaeus, 1759 .,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,. 1054 [Solenidandra] Haeckel, 1872 .,,..,,.,..,,.,.,.,..,.,,.,.,..,.,.,,.,.,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.. 1705 Spongia Linnaeus, 1759 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 1052 [Solenidium] Haeckel, 1872 ,.,..,,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,..,,. 1705 Spongiidae Gray, 1867 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 1021,1051 [Soleniscaltis] Haeckel, 1872 ,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,..,,..,.,,.,..,,.,..,,..,,.,. 1705 Spongil/a Lamarck, 1816 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""'" 926 [Soleniscandra] Haeckel, 1872 ,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,. 1705 Spongillidae Gray, 1867 ,..,,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,..,,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,. 925 [Soleniscetta] Haeckel, 1872 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""'" 1705 Spongillina subord. nov. (Manconi & Pronzato) ,..,,.,.,.,.,..,.,,..,,.. 832,921 [Soleniscidae] Borojevic, Boury-Esnault, Vacelet, 1990 ,.,..,,..,,.,.,..,. 1144 Spongionella Bowerbank, 1862 """""""""""""""""""""""""""'" 1073 [Soleniscilla] Haeckel, 1872 ,.,..,,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,. 1705 Spongocardium Kirkpatrick, 1902 """""""""""""""""""""""""""" 94 [Soleniscortis] Haeckel, 1872 ,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,. 1705 Spongosorites Topsent, 1896 ,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,.. 811 [Solenisculmis] Haeckel, 1872 ,.,.,.,.,.,..,,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,..,..,. 1705 Spongosoritidae Topsent, 1928 .,,..,,.,.,..,,..,.,,..,,.,.,.,..,,..,,,.,,.,.,..,,..,,..,,. 787 [Soleniscus] Haeckel, 1869 ,.,.,..,,..,,..,,.,.,.,..,.,,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.. 1705 Sporadopyle Zittel, 1877 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""'" 1221 [Soleniscus]; Borojevic, Boury-Esnault, Vacelet, 1990 """""""""'" 1144 Sporadoscinia Pomel, 1872 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""'" 1221 [Soleniscyssa] Haeckel, 1872 .,,.,.,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,..,.,..,,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,,,.,.,.. 1705 Sporadoscinidae Schrammen, 1912 """"""""""""""""""""""""'" 1221 Solenolmia Pomel, 1872 ,..,.,,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,..,,. 1522 Spuma Miklucho-Maclay, 1870 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""'" 805 Solenolmiidae Engeser, 1986 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 1521 Squamella Belyaeva in Boiko et aZ., 1991 """""""""""""""""""'" 1522 [Solenula] Haeckel, 1872 ,.,.,.,..,,..,.,,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,..,,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,. 1705 Squamosocyathus Zhuravleva, 1960 """""""""""""""""""""""'" 1602 [Solenulandra] Haeckel, 1872 ,.,.,.,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.. 1705 Stachyspongia Zittel, 1878 ,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,..,,.,..,,..,,..,,.,.,.,..,,..,,..,,.,.,..,,.,. 398 [Solenuletta] Haeckel, 1872 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""'''''' 1705 Stannarium Haeckel, 1889 ,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,..,.,,..,.,,..,,..,,.,.,..,,.,..,,.,.,..,,.,.,. 1702 xliv Index of Higher Taxa to Volumes 1 and 2

Stannoma Haeckel, 1889 ...... 1702 Strongylophora Dendy, 1905 ...... 913 Stannophyllum Haeckel, 1889 ...... 1702 Stryphnus Sollas, 1886 ...... 117 Stapicyathus Debrenne, 1964 ...... 1562 Stylaxia Topsent, 1913 ...... 661 Statanulocyathus Debrenne, 1975 ...... 1633 Stylaxinella Vacelet, 1960 ...... 661 Stauractinella Zittel, 1877 ...... 1216 Stylinos Topsent, 1891 ...... '" ...... 807 Staurocalyptus Ijima, 1897 ...... 1451 [Stylinos] Topsent, 1892 ...... 664 Stauroderma Zittel, 1877 .. , ...... 1219 Stylissa Hallmann, 1914 ...... 783 Staurodermatidae Zittel, 1878 ...... 1219 Stylocalyx Schulze, 1886 ...... 1233 Stauronema Sollas, 1877 ...... 1217 Stylocordyla Thomson, 1873 ...... 224 [Staurorrhaphidae] Jenkin, 1908 ...... 1180 Stylocordylidae Topsent, 1892 ...... 224 Stegilla Bowerbank, 1874 ...... 580 Stylocordylidae; Topsent, 1928 ...... 172 Stegxella Bowerbank, 1874 ...... 580 Stylohalina Kirk, 1909 ...... 807 Steinmannia Waagen & Wentzel, 1888 ...... 1522 Styloptilon Cabioch, 1968 ...... '" ...... 609 Stelidium Schrammen, 1924 ...... 399 Stylopus Fristedt, 1885 ...... 580 Stellarispongia Rigby, 1976 ...... 1133 Stylorhiza Schmidt, 1880 ...... 224 Stelletta (part) Schmidt, 1862 ...... 135 Stylospira de Laubenfels, 1934 .. ,...... 513 Stelletta Schmidt, 1862 ...... 110 Stylostichon Topsent, 1892 ...... 585 Stellettidae Carter, 1875 ...... 108 Stylotella Lendenfeld, 1888 ...... 807 Stellettina Carter, 1875 ...... 108 Stylotellinae Lendenfeld, 1888 ...... 787 Stellettinopsis Carter, 1879 ...... 118 Stylotellinae sensu Wiedenmayer, 1989 ...... 521 Stelligera Gray, 1867 ...... 194 Stylotellopsis Thiele, 1905 ...... 447 [Stellispongia] Orbigny, 1849 ...... 1702 Stylothalamia Ott, 1967 ...... 54,1533 Stellitethya Sara, 1994 ...... 258 Stylothalamiidae Ott, 1967 ...... 1533 Stellogeodia Czerniavsky, 1880 ...... 138 Stylotrichophora Dendy, 1895 ...... 524 [Stellospongia] Marshall, 1880 ...... 1036 Subascosymplegma Termier et ai., 1977 ...... 60 Stelodoryx Topsent, 1904 ...... 619 Suberanthus Lendenfeld, 1896 ...... 240 [Stelospongia] Schulze, 1879 ...... 1036 Suberea Bergquist, 1995 ...... 1095 [Stelospongos] Schmidt, 1870 ...... 1036 Suberella Thiele, 1905 ...... 240 [Stelospongus] Ridley, 1884 ...... 1036 [Suberella] Burton, 1929 ...... 240 Stelotrochota Bakus, 1966 ...... 603 Suberitechinus de Laubenfels, 1949 ...... 218 Stematumenia Bowerbank, 1845 ...... 1023 Suberites Nardo, 1833 ...... 240 Stenospongia Burton, 1928 ...... 1024 Suberitidae Schmidt, 1870 ...... 172 Stephenicyathus A Zhuravlev, 1987 ...... 1609 Suberitidae; Vosmaer, 1887 ...... 227 Stephenospongia Rigby, 1986 ...... 1213, 1215 Suberitidinae Schmidt, 1870 ...... 227 Stereina de Laubenfels, 1955 ...... 1118, 1185 Suberotelites Schmidt, 1868 ...... 585 Stereochlamis Schrammen, 1912 ...... 1290 Subtilocyathus Vologdin, 1960 ...... 1557 Stereodictyidae Finks, 1960 ...... 1213 Subtumulocyathellus Osadchaya, 1979 ...... 1597 Stereodictyum Finks, 1960 ...... 1213 Sulcastrella Schmidt, 1879 ...... 361 Sterrastrolepis Volkmer-Ribeiro & De Rosa Barbosa, 1978 ...... 1011 Svenzea Alvarez et ai., 2002 ...... 783 Sterrastrosa Sollas, 1887 ...... 106, 134 Svetlanocyathus Missarzhevskiy & Rozanov, 1962 ...... 1573 Stevocyathus Debrenne, 1989 ...... 1664 Swartschewskia Makuschok, 1927 ...... 973 Stichophyma Pomel, 1872 ...... 398 [Sycaltaga] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 Stillicidocyathus Ting, 1937 ...... 1572 [Sycaltis] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 Stioderma Finks, 1960 ...... 1214 [Sycaltusa] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 Stiodermatidae Finks, 1960 ...... 1214 Sycandra Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1164 Stoeba Sollas, 1888 ...... 155 [Sycandrarium] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 Stratospongilla Annandale, 1909 ...... 961 [Sycandrometral Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 Strephinia Hinde, 1883 ...... 1219 [Sycandrophylluml Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 Strepsichordaia Bergquist, Ayling & Wilkinson, 1988 ., ...... 1048 Sycantha Lendenfeld, 1891 ...... 1170 [Streptasteridae] Topsent, 1928 ...... 108 Sycanthidae Lendenfeld, 1891 ...... 1169 Streptastrosa Sollas, 1888 ...... 106,141 [Sycarium] Haeckel, 1869 ...... 1705 [Streptoconus] Jenkin, 1908 ...... 1705 Sycetta Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1162 Streptosc1erina Reid, 1963 ...... 106 Sycettaga Haeckel, 1872 ...... , '" .. , ... 1146 Streptosc1erophorida Dendy, 1924 ...... 106 [Sycettida] Hartman, 1958 ...... 1106 Striataspongia Howell, 1952 ...... 398 Sycettidae Dendy, 1892 ...... 1162 Strobilospongia Beecher, 1889 ...... 1214 [Sycettopa] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1705 Stromatidiidae Finks, 1960 ...... 1215 Sycettusa Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1175 Stromatidium Girty, 1909 ...... 1215 [Sycidium] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1705 Stromatocoelia Zhang & Fan, 1985 ...... 1522 [Sycilla] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 Stromatopora Goldfuss, 1826 ...... 59,70 [Sycinula] Schmidt, 1868 ...... 1705 Stromatoporellidae Lecompte, 1951 ...... 70 [Sycinulandra] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 Stromatoporidae Nicholson, 1886 ...... 70 [Sycissa] Lendenfeld, 1887 ...... 1705 Stromatoporoidea Nicholson & Murie, 1878 ...... 11,59,70 [Sycocmpus] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1705 Stromatospongia Hartman, 1969 ...... 60,69,830 [Sycocerus] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1705 Strongylacidon Lendenfeld, 1897 ...... 527 [Sycocubus] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1705 Strongylamma Hallmann, 1917 ...... 627 [Sycocystandra] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1705 Strongylodesma Levi, 1969 ...... 718 [Sycocystis] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1705 Index of Higher Taxa to Volumes 1 and 2 xlv

[Sycocystortis] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 Tabellaecyathidae Fonin, 1963 ...... 1677 [Sycodenandrum] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 Tabellaecyathoidea Fonin, 1963 ...... 1677 [Sycodendrum] Haeckel, 1869 ...... 1705 Tablis de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 449 [Sycodoranna] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1705 Taboga de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 248 [SycodoriUa] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1705 Tabulacyathellus Missarzhevskiy, 1964 ...... 1672 SycodorusHaeckel, 1872 ...... 1166 Tabulacyathida Vologdin, 1956 ...... 1638 [Sycodorussa] Haeckel, 1892 ...... 1705 Tabulacyathus Vologdin, 1932 ...... 1638 [Sycolepis] Haeckel, 1869 ...... 1705 Tabulata Milne-Edwards & Haime, 1850 ...... 13,59 [Sycolepsis] Lendenfeld, 1885 ...... 1705 Tabulocalyx Pultizer-Finali, 1992 ...... 904 [Sycometra] Haeckel, 1869 ...... 1705 Tabulospongia Mori, 1976 ...... 276 Sycon Risso, 1826 ...... 1162 Tabulospongiidae Mori, 1976 ...... 169,275 [Syconcystandra] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 Taegeria Schulze, 1886 ...... 1415 [Syconella] Schmidt, 1868 ...... 1705 Taegerinae Schulze, 1886 ...... 1413 [Syconellandra] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 Taeniaecyathellus Zhuravleva, 1960 ...... 1677 [Syconellortis] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 Taguilla Bowerbank, 1874 ...... 176 Syconessa Borojevic et al., 2000 ...... 1175 Takreamina Fontaine, 1962 ...... 1522 [Syconidae] Haeckel, 1869 ...... 1162 Talacastonia Beresi & Rigby, 1993 ...... 389 [Sycophractus] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 Talpaspongia King, 1943 ...... 1139 [Sycophyllum] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1705 Taonura Carter, 1882 ...... 1032 [Sycorrhiza] Haeckel, 1869 ...... 1705 Tapiliata Bowerbank, 1874 ...... 176 [Sycorrhyza] Vosmaer, 1886 ...... 1705 Taplowia Rigby & Webby, 1988 ...... 391 [Sycortarium] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 Taprobane Dendy, 1905 ...... 304 [Sycortis] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 Taprobaneidae de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 302 [Sycortopa] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 [Tarraltis] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 [Sycortusa] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 [Tarrandra] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 [Sycostrobus] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1705 [Tarretta] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 [Sycothamnaltis] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 [Tarrilla] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1706 [Sycothamnandra] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 [Tarroma] Haeckel, 1869 ...... 1706 [Sycothamnetta] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 [Tarromandra] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1706 [Sycothamnus] Haeckel, 1869 ...... 1705 [Tarropsandra] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1706 [Syculmarium] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 [Tarropsetta] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1706 [Syculmis] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 [Tarropsis] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1706 [Sycum] Agassiz, 1846 ...... 1705 [Tarrus] Haeckel, 1869 ...... 1706 [Sycuraltis] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1705 Tatijanaecyathidae Korshunov, 1976 ...... 1633 [Sycurandra] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 Taylorcyathus Vologdin, 1955 ...... 1572 [Sycuretta] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 Tayloifungia Perejon, 1989 ...... 1572 [Sycurilla] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 Tchojacyathidae Debrenne & A Zhuravlev, 1992 ...... 1656 [Sycurortis] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 Tchojacyathus Rozanov, 1960 ...... 1656 [Sycurus] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1705 Tebagathalamiidae Senowbari-Daryan & Rigby, 1988 ...... 1519 Sycute Dendy & Row, 1913 ...... 1165 Technitella Norman, 1878 ...... 1702 Sycyssa Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1184 Tectitethya Sara, 1994 ...... 259 [Sycyssarium] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 Tedandoryx de Laubenfels, 1954 ...... 532 Syltispongia van Kempen, 1990 ...... 389 Tedania (Tedania) Gray, 1867 ...... 629 Syltrochos Von Hacht, 1981 ...... 392 Tedania (Tedaniopsis) Dendy, 1924 ...... 630 Sylviacoscinidae Debrenne et aI., 1989 ...... 1631 Tedania (Trachytedania) Ridley, 1881 ...... 632 Sylviacoscinus Debrenne, 1974 ...... 1631 Tedania Gray, 1867 ...... 628 Sympagella Schmidt, 1870 ...... 1503 Tedaniae Burton, 1932 ...... 625 Sympagellidae de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 1441 Tedaniella C7erniavsky, 1879 ...... 912 Symplasma Reiswig & Mackie, 1983 ...... 11 Tedaniidae Ridley & Dendy, 1886 ...... 520, 625 Symplectella Dendy, 1924 ...... 1431 Tedaniina Ridley & Dendy, 1886 ...... 625 Sympyla Sollas, 1888 ...... 302 Tedanione sensu Dendy, 1922 ...... 627 Synops Vosmaer, 1882 ...... 139 Tedanione Wilson, 1894 ...... 799 [Synops] Sollas, 1886 ...... 139 Tedaniophorbas de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 426 Synute Dendy, 1892 ...... 1166 Tedaniopsamma Burton, 1934 ...... 524 [Syringella] Ridley, 1884 ...... 478 Tedaniopsis Dendy, 1924 ...... 628 Syringidium Schmidt, 1880 ...... 1312 Teganiella Rigby, 1979 ...... 1216 Syringocnema Taylor, 1910 ...... 1683 Tegerocyathidae Krasnopeeva, 1972 ...... 1588 Syringocnematidae; Ting, 1937 ...... 1683 Tegerocyathus Krasnopeeva, 1955 ...... 1588 Syringocnematidae Vologdin, 1928 ...... 1683 [Tegerocyathus] Krasnopeeva, 1953 ...... 1588 Syringocnemidae Taylor, 1910 ...... 1683 Teichaxinella de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 727 Syringocnemididae Debenne, 1964 ...... 1683 [Teichonella] Carter, 1878 ...... 1706 Syringocnemidina Okulitch, 1935 ...... 1681 Teichonopsis Dendy & Row, 1913 ...... 1165 Syringocnemidoidea Taylor, 1910 ...... 1683 Tenacia Schmidt, 1870 ...... 447 Syringocyathus Vologdin, 1940 ...... 1588 Tenaciella Hallmann, 1920 ...... 444 Syringostroma Nicholson, 1875 ...... 59 Tennericyathus Rozanov, 1969 ...... 1566 Syringostromatidae Lecompte, 1951 ...... 70 [Tenthrenodes] Jenkin, 1908 ...... 1706 Syringothalamus Debrenne, Gangloff & A Zhuravlev, 1990 ...... 1685 Tentorina Burton, 1959 ...... 104 xlvi Index of Higher Taxa to Volumes 1 and 2

Tentorium Vosmaer, 1887 ...... 215 Thie/eia Burton, 1932 ...... 807 Tercyathacea Zhuravleva, 1960 ...... 1610 Thisiphonia Lendenfeld, 1887 ...... 156 Tercyathellus Borodina, 1974 ...... 1613 [Tholiasterella] Hinde, 1887 ...... 1137 Tercyathidae Vologdin, 1939 ...... 1612 Thooce de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 183 [Tercyathidae] Vologdin, 1937 ...... 1612 Thoosa Hancock, 1849 ...... 183 Tercyathoidea Vologdin, 1939 ...... 1610 Thoosidae Rosell & Uriz, 1997 ...... 169,173,281 Tercyathus Vologdin 1939 ...... 1612 Thorecta Lendenfeld, 1888 ...... 1032 Tereus Gray, 1867 ...... 609 Thorectandra Lendenfeld, 1889 ...... 1035 Terpios Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 ...... 243 Thorectaxia Pulitzer-Finali & Pronzato, 1999 ...... 1042 Terpiosella Burton, 1930 ...... 234 Thorectidae Bergquist, 1978 ...... 1021, 1028 Terraecyathus Zhuravleva, 1974 ...... 1577 Thorectinae Bergquist, 1978 ...... 1029 [Tetella] Gray, 1870 ...... 93 Thorectopsamma Burton, 1934 ...... 1030 [Tethea] Johnston, 1842 ...... 1702 Thrinacophora Ridley, 1885 ...... 493 [Tetheum] Blainville, 1834 ...... 1702 Thrinacophorinae subfam. nov. (Hooper) ...... 493 [Tethium] Blainville, 1830 ...... 1702 Thrombidae Sollas, 1888 ...... 105, 163 Tethya Lamarck, 1814 ...... 248 Thrombus Sollas, 1886 ...... 163 [Tethya] Oken, 1815 ...... 1702 Thymosia Topsent, 1895 ...... 295 Tethyadae Gray, 1848 ...... , ...... 245 Thymosiopsis Vacelet & Perez, 1998 ...... 296 Tethyastra gen. nov. (Sara) ...... 261 Tiddalickia Rigby & Webby, 1988 ...... 1212 Tethycometes Sara, 1994 ...... 262 Tillichtia Dresnay, Termier & Termier, 1978 ...... 1216 Tethycordyla de Laubenfels, 1934 ...... 253 Timea Gray, 1867 ...... 266 Tethydae; Lendenfeld, 1907 ...... 85 Timeidae Topsent, 1928 ...... 171, 266 Tethyidae Gray, 1848 ...... ,...... '" .,...... 171, 245 Timeinae Topsent, 1928 ...... 266 Tethyidae; Sollas, 1888 ...... 245 Timeopsis Levi, 1958 ...... 266 [Tethyina] Carter, 1875 ...... 85 Tisiphonia Thomson, 1869 ...... 156 Tethyophaena Schmidt, 1880 ...... 228 Tisrone de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 557 Tethyopsilla Lendenfeld, 1888 ...... 92 Tollicyathus Chemysheva, 1960 ...... 1657 Tethyopsillidae Lendenfeld, 1903 ...... , ...... 85 Tologoicyathus Voronin, 1988 ...... 1597 Tethyopsis Steward, 1870 ...... 112 Tomocyathidae Debrenne, Rozanov & A Zhuravlev, 1989 ...... 1648 Tethyorrhaphis Lendenfeld, 1888 ...... 248 Tomocyathus (Erugatocyathus) Debreene, 1969 ...... 1625 Tethyspira Topsent, 1890 ...... 786 Toomeyospongia Rigby et aI., 1982 ...... 1214 Tethytimea de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 263 Topsentia Berg, 1899 ...... 813 [Tethyum] Lieberkiihn, 1859 ...... 1702 Toquimiella Rigby, 1967 ...... 1127 Tetilla Schmidt, 1868 ...... 96 Torosocyathella Kotel'nikov, 1995 ...... 1594 Tetillidae Sollas, 1886 ...... 83 Torosocyathellus Osadchaya, 1979 ...... 1591 Tetracladidae Zittel, 1878 ...... 299 Torosocyathidae fam. nov. (Debrenne, A Zhuravlev & Kruse) ...... 1595 Tetracladina Zittel, 1878 ...... 106, 1533 Torosocyathus Kashina, 1972 ...... 1594 Tetractina Vosmaer, 1885 ...... 105 Toxadocia de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 867 Tetractinellida Marshall, 1876 ...... 16, 105 [Toxemma] de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 643 Tetractinellidae Sollas, 1880 ...... 16 Toxemna Hallmann, 1917 ...... 643 Tetractinomorpha Levi, 1953 ...... 16,57 Toxiclona de Laubenfels, 1954 ...... 856 Tetranthella Lendenfeld, 1894 ...... 548 Toxochalina Ridley, 1884 ...... 844 Tetrapocillon Br!2!ndsted, 1924 ...... 654 [Trachicaulus] Tabachnick, 1988 ...... 1411 Tetraproctosia Rauff, 1938 ...... 1522 Trachostylea Topsent, 1928 ...... 480 Tetraxonia Dendy, 1905 ...... 16 Trachya Carter, 1870 ...... 228 Textiliforma Carter, 1885 ...... 704 Trachycaulus Schulze, 1886 ...... 141/ Textispongia Quenstedt, 1877 ...... 1702 Trachycladidae Hallmann, 1917 ...... 171, 268 Thalamida de Laubenfels, 1955 ...... 1511 Trachycladus Carter, 1879 ...... 102, 269 Thalamocyathellus Osadchaya, 1979 ...... 1572 Trachyforcepia Topsent, 1904 ...... 532 Thalamocyathus Gordon, 1920 ...... 1577 Trachygellius Topsent, 1894 ...... 96, 102 Thalamopora Romer, 1840 ...... 1119, 1532 Trachynotidae Schrammen, 1924 ...... 398 Thalassodendron Lendenfeld, 1888 ...... 447 Trachyopsi/la Burton, 1931 ...... 799 Thalassomora Lendenfeld, 1888 ...... I HI Trachyopsis Dendy, 1905 ...... 799 Thalyseurypon de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 437 Trachyspongilla Dybowsky, 1878 ...... 937 Thalysias Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 ...... 447 Trachysycon Zittel, 1878 ...... 399 [Thamnonema] Ijima, 1927 ...... 1255 Trachytedania Ridley, 1881 ...... 628 Thamnospongia Hinde, 1883 ...... 402 Trachyteleia Topsent, 1928 ...... 218 Thaumastocoelia Steinmann, 1882 ...... 1516 [Tragium] Oken, 1815 ...... 1702 Thaumastocoeliidae Ott, 1967 ...... 1521 [Tragos] Schweigger, 1819 ...... 1702 [Thecometra] Haeckel, 1869 ...... 1706 Tragosia Gray, 1867 ...... 727 [Thecophora] Schmidt 1870 ...... 215 Trefortia Deszo, 1880 ...... 414 Thecosiphonia Zittel, 1878 ...... 400 Tremabolites Zittel, 1877 ...... 1222 Thenea Gray, 1867 ...... 156 Tremacystia Hinde, 1883 ...... 1119, 1522 Theneidae Carter, 1883 ...... 141 Tremadictyon Zittel, 1877 ...... 1290 Theonella Gray, 1868 ...... 335,402 Tremaphorus Schrammen, 1937 ...... 1218 Theonellidae Lendenfeld, 1903 ...... 300,327,401 Tremaulidiidae de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 338 Theuca Lundbeck, 1907 ...... 156 Tremaulidium Schmidt, 1879 ...... 341 Index of Higher Taxa to Volumes 1 and 2 xlvii

Tretocalia Hinde, 1900 ...... 1188 Tylosigma Topsent, 1894 ...... 580 Tretocalycidae Schulze, 1904 ...... 1341 Uliczka de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 90 Tretocalyx Schulze, 1900 ...... 1351 Ulosa de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 661 Tretochone Reid, 1958 ...... 1327 Umborotula Penney & Racek, 1968 ...... 964 Tretodictyidae Schulze, 1886 ...... 1281, 1341 Uncinatera Topsent, 1901 ...... 1374 [Tretodictyidae] Schulze, 1885 ...... 1341 Uncinateridae fam.nov. (Reiswig) ...... 1361, 1372 Tretodictyum Schulze, 1886 ...... 1353 Uplexoa de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 752 [Tretodictyum] Schulze, 1885 ...... 1353 Uralocyathellidae Zhuravleva, 1964 ...... 1643 Tretolophus Sollas, 1888 ...... 353 Uranosphaeridae R. & J. Bedford, 1936 ...... 1122 Tretopleura Ijima, 1927 ...... 1373 Urcyathella Zhuravleva, 1961 ...... 1583 Tretorete Ijima, 1927 ...... 1290 Urcyathus Vologdin, 1940 ...... 1563 Triaenosa Sollas, 1888 ...... 299 Uritaia Burton, 1932 ...... 807 Triaxonia Schulze, 1886 ...... 1201 Uruguaya Carter, 1881 ...... 1013 [Tribrachion] WeHner, 1882 ...... 123 Uruguayella Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1969 ...... 968 Tribrachium Weltner, 1882 ...... 123 U sloncyathidae Fonin, 1966 ...... 1679 [Tricentrium] Ridley, 1879 ...... 499 Usloncyathoidea Fonin, 1966 ...... 1679 Trichaptella Filhol, 1885 ...... 1427 Usloncyathus Fonin, 1966 ...... 1679 Trichasterina Schulze, 1900 ...... 1487 Ussuricyathellus Voronin, 1988 ...... 1578 Tricheurypon Topsent, 1928 ...... 488 Ussuricyathus Okunera, 1973 ...... 1577 Trichogypsia Carter, 1871 ...... 1197 Ute Dendy & Row, 1913 ...... 1165 Trichogypsiidae Borojevic et at., 2000 ...... 1196 Uteinae Breitfuss, 1932 ...... 1163 [Trichostemma] Sars, 1869 ...... 213 [Utella] Dendy, 1891 ...... 1706 Tricranocladina Reid, 1968 ...... 392 Uteopsis Dendy & Row, 1913 ...... 1174 Trikentrion Ehlers, 1870 ...... 499 Uvanella Reitner, 1987 ...... 54 Trininaecyathus Zhuravleva, 1960 ...... 1573 Vaceletia Pickett, 1982 ...... 64, 1097, 1 U8, 15U Triptolemma de Laubenfels, 1955 ...... 158 Vaceletiidae Reitner & Engeser, 1985 ...... 1097, 1532 [Triptolemus] Sollas, 1888 ...... 158 Vagocia de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 895 Triticispongia Mehl & Reitner, 1993 ...... 1215 Valedictyum de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 473 Trochobolus Zittel, 1877 ...... 1222 Valentis de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 704 [Trochoderma] Ridley & Dendy, 1886 ...... 640 Vandonia Rigby & Webby, 1988 ...... 389 Trochospongilla Vejdovsky, 1888 ...... 963 Vankempenia Von Hacht, 1994 ...... 389 Troegerella Ulbrich, 1874 ...... 1223 Vaurelispongia Rigby, 1974 ...... 1214 Trypespongia de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 1057 Vauxia Walcott, 1920 ...... 1117 Tsitsikamma gen. nov. (Samaai & Kelly) ...... 718 Vauxiidae Walcott, 1920 ...... 56 [Tuba] Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 ...... 836 Vazella Gray, 1870 ...... 1488 Tubella Carter, 1881 ...... 987 Velaria Nardo ...... 1702 Tuberella Keller, 1880 ...... 228 Velinea Vosmaer, 1883 ...... 1073 Tubericyathidae Debrenne et at., 1989 ...... 1645 Veluspa Miklucho-Mac1ay, 1870 ...... 863 Tubericyathus Vologdin, 1977 ...... 1645 Ventriculites Mantell, 1822 ...... 1221 Tubicoscinus Debrenne, 1989 ...... 1635 Ventriculitidae Smith, 1848 ...... 1221 [Tubulodigitidae] Carter, 1875 ...... 835 Verongia Bowerbank, 1845 ...... 1083 Tubulodigitus Carter, 1881 ...... 849 Verongida Bergquist, 1978 ...... 1081 Tulearinia Vacelet, 1977 ...... 1191 Verongiidae de Laubenfels, 1932 ...... 1082 Tumata de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 790 Verongula Verrill, 1907 ...... 1084 Tumulifungia Zhuravleva, 1968 ...... 1596 Veronicacyathidae fam. nov. (Debrenne, A Zhuravlev & Kruse) ...... 1625 Tumulifungiidae Rozanov, 1989 ...... 1595 Veronicacyathus Debrenne, 1973 ...... 1625 [Tumulifungiidae] Rozanov, 1973 ...... 1595 Verrucocoelia Etallon, 1859 ...... 1216 Tumuliolynthidae Rozanov, 1966 ...... 1550 Verrucocoeloidea Reid, 1969 ...... 1329 Tumuliolynthus Zhuravleva, 1963 ...... 1550 Verrucodesma Lagneau-Herenger, 1962 ...... 402 Tumulocoscinidae Zhuravleva, 1960 ...... 1627 Verruculina Zittel, 1878 ...... 398 Tumulocoscinus Zhuravleva, 1960 ...... 1627 Verticillites Defrance, 1829 ...... 66,1532 Tumulocyathacea Debrenne, 1964 ...... 1590 Verticillitida Termier & Termier in Termier et al., 1977 ...... 1097, 1532 Tumulocyathellus Zhuravleva, 1989 ...... 1591 Verticillitidae Steinmann, 1882 ...... 1097,1532 Tumulocyathidae Krasnopeeva, 1953 ...... 1590 Vetulina Schmidt, 1879 ...... 363 Tumulocyathoidea Krasnopeeva, 1953 ...... 1590 Vetulinidae Lendenfeld, 1903 ...... 300,363,396 Tumulocyathoides Boyavinov & Konyaeva, 1997 ...... 1590 Vibulinus Gray, 1867 ...... 194 Tumulocyathus Vologdin, 1937 ...... 1683 Viles de Laubenfels, 1934 ...... 813 [Tupha] Oken, 1814 ...... 937 Vioa Nardo, 1833 ...... 176 Turonia Michelin, 1846 ...... 400 Vitrea Thomson, 1868 ...... 1201 Tuvacnema Debrenne & A Zhuravlev, 1990 ...... 1683 Vitrollula Ijima, 1898 ...... 1490 Tuvacnemididae Debrenne & A Zhuravlev, 1990 ...... 1683 Vityaziella Tabachnick, 1997 ...... 1412 Twenhofella Rigby, 1974 ...... 1214 Vologdinocyathellus Konyushkov, 1972 ...... 1607 Tylaspis Levi & Levi, 1983 ...... 190 Vologdinocyathidae Yaroshevich, 1957 ...... 1586 Tylexocladus Topsent, 1898 ...... 207 Vologdinocyathus Yaroshevich, 1957 ...... 1587 TylocyathidaeAZhuravlev, 1988 ...... 1643 [Volvulina] Schmidt, 1880 ...... 1343 Tylocyathus Vologdin, 1977 ...... 1643 Volvulinidae Schulze, 1885 ...... 1341 Tylodesma Thiele, 1903 ...... 642 Volzia Rosell & Uriz, 1997 ...... 185 xlviii Index of Higher Taxa to Volumes 1 and 2

Vomerula Schmidt, 1880 ..... " ...... 667 Xestecyathidae Debrenne et ai., 1989 ,,",,",,",,"""""""""""""""". 1622 Vomerulinae Ridley & Dendy, 1886 """""""""""""""""""""""""" 665 Xestecyathus Kruse, 1982 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 1622 Vosmaeria Fristedt, 1885 """",,"",,",,",,",,"""""",,",,"""""",,",,",,. 815 Xestospongia de Laubenfels, 1932 """"""""""""""""""""""""""" 916 [Vosmaeria] Lendenfeld, 1885 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""" 1706 Xylospongia Herenger, 1944 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""". 1223 Vosmaeropsis Dendy, 1892 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 1177 Xytopsaga de Laubenfels, 1936 """,,""""",,",,"""""""""""""""",,. 569 Vulcanella (Annulastrella) subgen. nov. (Maldonado) """"",,,,""",," 160 Xytopsene de Laubenfels, 1936 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""". 420 Vulcanella (Vulcanella) Sollas, 1886 """"""""""""""""""""""""". 159 Xytopsihis de Laubenfels, 1936 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""'" 628 Vulcanella Sollas, 1886 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""". 159 Xytopsiphum de Laubenfels, 1950 """"""""""""""""""""""""""'" 527 Waagenella de Laubenfels, 1955 """"""""""""""""""""""""""". 1522 Xytopsoocha de Laubenfels, 1936 """""""""""""""""""""""""",,. 529 Wagima Kruse, 1987 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 1136, 1532 Xytopsues de Laubenfels, 1936 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""". 527 Walcotella de Laubenfels, 1955 """""""""""""""""""""""""""". 1219 Yarrrowigahia Rigby & Webby, 1988 """""""""""""""""""""""'" 389 Waldoschmittia de Laubenfels, 1936 """"""""""""""""""""""""". 529 Yhecyathus Belyaeva & Yuan, 1995 """"""""""""""""""""""""" 1618 Walteria Schulze, 1886 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 1433 Yodomia Lebwohl, 1914 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 147 Waltherarndtia de Laubenfels, 1936 """"""""""""""""""""""""'" 501 Ysila de Laubenfels, 1936 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 621 Wapkiosidae de Laubenfels, 1955 """""""""""""""""""""""""'" 1301 [Ysiphonia] de Laubenfels, 1936 """"""""""""""""""""""""""". 1702 Warrigalia Rigby & Webby, 1988 """"""""",,",,",,",,",,"",,",,"",,,,. 391 Yudjaicyathus A Zhuravlev, 1983 "",,""""",,",,"""""",,",,""""""" 1605 Warriootacyathidae Debrenne & A Zhuravlev, 1992 """"""""""",,. 1676 Yukonocyathus Handfield, 1971 ,,"",,"""""""""""""""""""""""" 1601 Warriootacyathoidea Debrenne & A Zhurav1ev, 1992 """"""""""". 1676 Yvesia Topsent, 1892 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""'" 557 Warriootacyathus Gravestock, 1984 """""""""""""""""""""""". 1676 Yvesiella de Laubenfels, 1936 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""". 557 Weberella Vosmaer, 1885 """""""""""""""",,",,",,",,",,",,",,"",,"" 213 Yvesiorbas de Laubenfels, 1936 ,,"",,",,",,",,",,"",,",,""""",,"",,""" 557 Wetmoreus de Laubenfels, 1936 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""" 441 Zangerlispongia Rigby & Nitecki, 1975 """"""""""""""""""""". 1127 Wewokella Girty, 1912 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""". 1137 Zaplethea de Laubenfels, 1950 ",,",,"""""""""""""""""""""""""" 114 Wewokellida Croneis & Toomey, 1965 """""""""""""""""""""". 1121 Zetekispongia de Laubenfels, 1936 """""""""""""""""""""""""". 540 Wewokellidae King, 1943 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""'" 1136 Zetekopsis de Laubenfels, 1936 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""". 540 Wienbergia Clausen, 1982 """"""""""""""""""""""""""". 1097,1522 Zhuravlevaecyathidae Rozanov, 1989 """"""""""""""""""""""". 1557 Wigginsia de Laubenfels, 1953 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 428 [Zhuravlevaecyathidae] Rozanov, 1973 """""""""""""""""""""". 1557 Willardia Willenz & Pomponi, 1996 """"""""""""""""""""""""". 277 Zhuravlevaecyathus Rozanov, 1964 """"""""""""""""""""""""" 1557 Williamicyathus A Zhuravlev, 1987 """"""""""""""""""""""""" 1685 Zonacoscinidae Debrenne, 1971 """"""""""""""""""""""""""". 1626 Wilsa de Laubenfels, 1930 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""'" 532 Zanacoscinus Debrenne, 1971 """"""""""""""""""""""""""'"'''' 1627 Wilsonella Carter, 1885 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""". 439 Zonacyathellus Zhuravleva, 1974 """"""""""""""""""""""""""" 1579 Wongaspongia Rigby & Webby, 1988 """"""""""""",,",,",,",,"",,. 1215 Zonacyathus R Bedford & J Bedford, 1937 """"""""""""""""""" 1581 Wrighticyathidae Kruse, 1978 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""". 1615 Zottea de Laubenfels, 1936 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""". 540 Wrighticyathus Kruse, 1978 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 1615 Zunyicyathus Debrenne, Kruse & Zhang, 1991 """""""""""""""" 1680 Wyvillethomsonia Wright, 1870 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""" 156 Zygherpe de Laubenfels, 1932 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 667 Xenoschrammenum de Laubenfels, 1955 """"""""""""""""""""" 1223 Zygomycale Topsent, 1930 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 687 Xenospongia Gray, 1858 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""". 264 Zyzzya de Laubenfels, 1936 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""". 430 Xenospongiidae Carter, 1882 """"""""""""""""""""""""""" 169,245 Index of Higher Taxa to Volumes 1 and 2

Page numbers in italic refer to Volume 2 [Taxa in brackets] indicate unavailable names, including nomina nuda. nomina oblita. lapsi and preoccupied names.

Aaaba de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 565 Actinocoelia Finks, 1960 ...... 389 [Aaata] de Laubenfels, 1930 ...... 440 [Actinoites] Duan, 1984 ...... 1124 Aaptos Gray, 1867 ...... 228 Actinostromatidae Nicholson, 1886 ...... 70 [Abila] Gray, 1867 ...... 440,473 Adocia Gray, 1867 ...... 863 Abilana Strand, 1928 ...... 473 Adociidae de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 852 Abyssocladia Levi, 1964 ...... 623 Adreissa Topsent, 1932 ...... 738 Acalle Gray, 1867 ...... 989 Adreus Gray, 1867 ...... 187 [Acamas] Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 ...... 670 Aegogropila Gray, 1867 ...... 670 Acamasina de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 670 Afiacyathus Voronin, 1962 ...... 1573 Acanthacarnus Levi, 1952 ...... 414 Agastrocyathus Debrenne, 1964 ...... 1671 Acanthancora Topsent, 1927 ...... 576 Agelas Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 ...... 820 Acanthascinae Schulze, 1897 ...... 1443 Agelasida Hartman, 1980 ...... 817 Acanthascus (Acanthascus) Schulze, 1886 ...... 1447 Agelasidae Verrill, 1907 ...... 818 Acanthascus (Rhabdocalyptus) Schulze, 1886 ...... 1449 Agilardiella Marshall, 1884 ...... 1701 Acanthascus (Staurocalyptus) Ijima, 1897 ...... 1451 Agyrekocyathidae Konyushkov, 1967 ...... 1620 Acanthascus Schulze, 1886 ...... 1447 Agyrekocyathus Konyushkov, 1967 ...... 1621 Acanthella Schmidt, 1862 ...... 774 Aiolochroia Wiedenmayer, 1977 ...... 1084 [Acanthellidae] Carter, 1885 ...... 773 Ajacicyathida R Bedford & J Bedford, 1939 ...... 1552 [Acanthellina] Carter, 1885 ...... 773 Ajacicyathidae R Bedford & J Bedford, 1939 ...... 1558 Acantheurypon Topsent, 1927 ...... 488 Ajacicyathina R Bedford & J Bedford, 1939 ...... 1558 Acanthochaetetes Fischer, 1970 ...... 66, 276 Ajacicyathus R Bedford & J Bedford, 1939 ...... 1558 Acanthochaetetidae Fischer, 1970 ...... 171,275 Aka de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 894 Acanthocinachyra Levi, 1964 ...... 86 AkaidaeAlander, 1942 ...... 893 Acanthoclada Bergquist, 1970 ...... 756 Alaskacoscinus Debrenne et al., 1990 ...... 1674 Acanthocoryna Finks, 1960 ...... 1214 Alataucyathidae Zhuravleva, 1955 ...... 1648 Acanthodendrilla Bergquist, 1995 ...... 1075 A1ataucyathoidea Zhurav1eva, 1955 ...... 1648 [Acanthodiscus] Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1996 ...... 953 Alataucyathus Zhuravleva, 1955 ...... 1648 Acanthodoryx Levi, 1961 ...... 540 [Alcyoncellidae] de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 1388 [Acanthoplakina] Burton, 1959 ...... 78 Alcyoncellum (Quoy & Gaimard, MS) Blainville, 1830 ...... 1415, 1701 Acanthopolymastia Kelly-Borges & Bergquist, 1997 ...... 209 Alcyonellum Owen, 1849 ...... 1415 Acanthopyrgus Handfield, 1967 ...... 1645 Alcyospongia de Laubenfels, 1934 ...... 696, 708 Acanthorhabdus Burton, 1929 ...... 413 [Alebion] Gray, 1867 ...... 422 Acanthosaccus Schulze, 1899 ...... 1447 Alectona Carter, 1879 ...... 282 Acanthostrongylophora Hooper, 1984 ...... 908 Alectonidae Rosell, 1996 ...... 171, 281 Acanthostylotella Burton & Rao, 1932 ...... 510 Alemo Wright, 1881 ...... 248 Acanthotetilla Burton, 1959 ...... 86 Algol Sollas, 1888 ...... 118 Acanthotriaena Vace1et et aI., 1976 ...... 145 Allantella Hallmann, 1917 ...... 763 Acanthoxa Hentschel, 1914 ...... 593 Allantophora Whitelegge, 1907 ...... 643 Acanthoxifer Dendy, 1905 ...... 766 Allassospongia Rigby, 1986 ...... 389 Acarneae Dendy, 1922 ...... 412 Allocia Hallmann, 1920 ...... 437 Acarnia Gray, 1867 ...... 456 Alloscleria Topsent, 1927 ...... 759 Acarnidae Dendy, 1922 ...... 410,412 Alphacyatbidae R Bedford & J Bedford, 1939 ...... 1638 Acarnidae; Boury-Esnault, 1973 ...... 412 Alphacyathus R Bedford & J Bedford, 1939 ...... 1638 [Acarniidae] de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 412 Alpinothalamia Senowbari-Daryan, 1990 ...... 1533 Acarnus Gray, 1867 ...... 414 Alpinothalamiidae Senowbari-Daryan, 1990 ...... 1533 [Acca] Johnson, 1899 ...... 894 Altaicyathidae Debrenne & A Zhuravlev, 1992 ...... 1688 Acervochalina Ridley, 1884 ...... 853 Altaicyathina Debrenne, 1991 ...... 1687 Acheliderma Topsent, 1892 ...... 416 Altaicyathus Vologdin, 1932 ...... 1688 [Achilleum] Oken, 1815 ...... 1701 Amblysiphonella Steinmann, 1882 ...... 1522 [Achinoe] Gray, 1867 ...... 79 [Ammoconia] Haeckel, 1889 ...... 1703 Achramorpha Jenkin, 1908 ...... 1180 [Ammolynthus] Haeckel, 1889 ...... 1703 Achramorphidae fam. nov. (Borojevic et al.) ...... 1180 Amniscos Gray, 1867 ...... 248 Aciculides Topsent, 1898 ...... 170 Amoibodictya Zahn et aI., 1977 ...... 578 Aciculites Schmidt, 1879 ...... 302 Amorphilla Thiele, 1898 ...... 807 Acoelocalyx Topsent, 1910 ...... 1393 Amorphina Schmidt, 1870 ...... 800 Acrochordiella Rigby, 1981 ...... 399 Amorphinopsis Carter, 1887 ...... 790 Acrochordonia Schrammen, 1910 ...... 399 Amorphoclada Topsent, 1930 ...... 553 Acrochordonidae Schrammen, 1924 ...... 399 Amphiastrella Dendy, 1896 ...... 595

xxi xxii Index of Higher Taxa to Volumes 1 and 2

Amphibleptula Schmidt, 1879 ...... " .. "." ...... "." .. " ... " ...... " .. "" 304 Anomocladina Sollas, 1885 " ...... " .. " .. """ .. "."" .. " ... " ...... " .. " .. " .. " .. 363 Amphibleptulidae de Laubenfels, 1936 """"""""""""""""""""""". 302 Anomoclathria Topsent, 1929 ..... " .. " .. " ...... " ...... " .. " ...... 456 Amphiblestrum Schrammen, 1937 """""""""""""""""""""""""". 1223 Anomodoryx Burton, 1934 " ..... " .. " .. " .. " ...... " .... " .... " .. """.""" .. ". 540 Amphichondridae Schrammen, 1924 """""""""""""""" ...... 397 Anomoianthella Bergquist, 1980 .. " ...... " .. """" ..... " ...... " ...... 1091 Amphidiscaria Schrammen, 1924 ...... " .... " .. " ... 1231 Anomolissa de Laubenfels, 1934 .... "" ...... " .. "." .... " ...... "."." .. "."" 217 Amphidiscella Tabachnick & Levi, 1997 .. " .. " .. " .... " .. " ...... " ...... " 1404 Anomomycale Topsent, 1924 .... " .. " ... " .. " .... " .. "" .... " ...... " ...... " .. ". 670 Amphidiscophora Schulze, 1886 .... "" ...... "" .. " ...... " .. " ...... """" .. " 1202 Anomomyxilla Burton, 1934 """"" .. "" ...... " .... " ...... " .. " ..... ".""" ..... 617 Amphidiscosa Reid, 1958 .... " ...... " ...... " ...... " .... " ... " ..... " .. " ..... ". 1231 Anomorphites Kolb, 1910 .... " .. " .... "" .... " .. " ..... " .... " ..... " .... " ...... " .... 395 Amphidiscosida Schrammen, 1924 .. " ..... " ..... "." .... "" .. ".""." 1202, 1231 Anoplia Sollas, 1888 .. " .. ".""" ..... " ... "." .. " ...... """ ...... " ...... ". 299 Amphilectella Schrammen, 1901 .... " ...... " .... " ...... " .... " .... " .... " ... 397 Anoxycalyx (Anoxycalyx) Kirkpatrick, 1907 .... " .. """".""""" ...... 1453 Amphilectidae de Laubenfels, 1936 " .... ""." ..... " ... " .... " .. " ...... " .. "."" 656 Anoxycalyx (Scolymastra) Topsent, 1916 .. """ .. "."" ..... " ...... 1456 Amphilectus Vosmaer, 1880 " .... " .... " .. "." ...... "" .... " ...... " .... " ... 657 Anoxycalyx Kirkpatrick, 1907 ...... " ...... " ...... " .. " .. " .... " ...... "" .. "." 1453 Amphimedon Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 "" ..... "." .. " .... "" .. "" ... 875 Antarcticocyathus Debrenne et aI., 1984 "." ..... " .. " .... " .. " ...... " ..... 1651 Amphinolana Riitzler & Hooper, 2000 ...... " ...... """.. "." .... """" ..... 197 Anthaspidella Ulrich & Everett, 1890 ...... 389 Amphinomia Hooper, 1991 ...... " ..... " ...... " ...... " .... " .... " .... " .. 508 Anthaspidellidae Miller, 1889 ...... " ...... " ...... 388 Amphipora Schultz, 1883 " .. "."" ...... "." .. "."." ...... "" ... """ .. " .. """ .. 70 Anthastra Sollas, 1886 ... " ...... " ...... " ...... 110 Amphitelion Zittel, 1878 ""." .. "." .. """ ...... " .. "."" ...... 398 Antherochalina Lendenfeld, 1887 ...... 437 Amphitelionidae Schrammen, 1924 ..... " .. ""...... """" .. " .. " ... """""". 397 Antheroplax Lendenfeld, 1889 ...... " ...... 1032 Amphitethya Lendenfeld, 1907 ...... """." ..... " .... ""..... """" .... """.""" .. 87 Antho (Acamia) Gray, 1867 ...... "" ...... 456 [Amphius) Sollas, 1888 " .. " .. " .. " .. """"""""" .. """""".. """"" .. """"" 286 Antho (Antho) Gray, 1867 ...... " ... " ... " ...... "." .. ""."." .. " ... 456 Amphiute Hanitsch, 1894 .. """ ...... " .... " ..... " ...... " ...... 1166 Antho (lsopenectya) Hallmann, 1920 ...... "." .. "" .. ,,"" ...... 460 [Amphoricortis) Haeckel, 1872 ...... " .. " ...... " .... "" .. " ..... " ...... 1703 Antho Gray, 1867 ..... " ...... " .. " ...... " ...... """... " .. "." .. """ .. ,," ..... 455 [Amphoridandra) Haeckel, 1872 ...... " ...... 1703 Anthoarcuata Bakus, 1966 ..... """ .. """ ...... "." .. " ...... " ...... 456 [Amphoridium) Haeckel, 1870 ...... " ...... " .. " .... " .... "" .. " ...... 1703 Anthomorpha Bornemann, 1884 " ...... " ...... """... """ ..... " .. "" .. " ... 1657 [Amphoriscaltis) Haeckel, 1872 .. " .. "" .. " .... """"" .. """"".. "." .. ,,"". 1703 Anthomorphidae Okulitch, 1935 " ...... " .... " ...... " .. " .. 1657 [Amphoriscandra) Haeckel, 1872 ... " .... " ...... " .. "" ...... "" ...... "". 1703 Anthomorphina Okulitch, 1935 ...... " ...... """ .. " ...... """."" .... 1656 [Amphoriscetta) Haeckel, 1872 ...... " .... " .... " ...... " ...... " .... " ...... " ... 1703 Anthomorphoidea Okulitch, 1935 .... "" ...... " ..... " .. "." .... """" ... ,, ...... 1657 Amphoriscidae Dendy, 1892 "" ...... "" .. " .... " .. " .. " .. " .. """ .. """"" .. " 1177 Anthosigmella Topsent, 1918 ...... " ...... """" ...... """." ... 176 [Amphoriscortis) Haeckel, 1872 ...... "." .. " .. " .. " .. " ...... " 1703 Anthotethya Sara & Sara, 2002 " ...... "."" .... " .. "."."" ..... "." .. " ...... 249 Amphoriscus Haeckel, 1870 .. " .. ""...... " .... " .. " .... " ...... " ...... 1178 Anthracosycon Girty, 1909 ...... "" ...... "" ...... " ...... " .. " ... 389 [Amphoriscyssa) Haeckel, 1872 ...... " ...... "" .. ".""""" ... """ .. " 1703 Antoniocoscinus A Zhuravlev, 1988 ...... " ...... " .. " .. " .... " .. ""." .. " .. " 1617 Amphorithalamiidae Senowbari-Daryan & Rigby, 1988 ... """ ...... " 1521 Antrospongia Rigby & Chatterton, 1989 ." ...... " .. "." .... """" ...... "" ... 389 [Amphoriulandra) Haeckel, 1872 ...... " .... " ...... 1703 Apatospongia Marshall, 1892 ...... " ...... " .. """ .... " .. " ...... """. 800 [Amphorula) Haeckel, 1872 " .. " .. " .. "" .. " .. """ ...... """"... " .... " ...... 1703 Aphorme Schulze, 1899 .... "" ... """ .. " .. " .. " ...... " ..... " ...... " .. ". 1458 [Amphorulaitis) Haeckel, 1872 ... "." .. "" .. " ...... "." .. "" ...... " .. " .. " 1703 Aphrocallistes Gray, 1858 ...... " ...... " .. " .... " ...... """. 1217, 1282 [Amphorulandra) Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Aphrocallistidae Gray, 1867 " .... " ...... " .. " .. " .... " .. """ ..... "." .. 1217,1281 Amplaspongia Rigby & Webby, 1988 """ ..... " ...... "" ...... " ... 389 Aphrocallistidae; Schulze, 1904 " .... " ...... " ...... "...... 1282 Anaata de Laubenfels, 1932 " .. " .. " .... " .. " ...... " .. " .... " .. "" ...... " ..... " ... 440 [Aphroceraltis) Haeckel, 1872 " ... " .. " ...... " ..... " .. " ...... " 1703 Anacanthaea Row, 1911 ..... " ..... " ...... " ...... 766 [Aphrocerandra) Haeckel, 1872 " ...... " ...... "" .. "." .... """"." ...... " 1703 Anaderma Levi & Levi, 1983 .... " ...... " ...... " ...... 321 Aphroceras Gray, 1858 ." .. "" .. " ...... ""." .. " ...... " .... " ..... " ...... " ... ".,, 1167 Anamixilla Polejaeff, 1883 ...... " ...... " ...... 1173 [Aphroceretta) Haeckel, 1872 .... " ...... " ... "." .. "." .... " ...... " .. ". 1703 Anaptyctocyathidae Debrenne, 1970 ...... 1624 [Aphrocerortis) Haeckel, 1872 ...... " ...... """" .. " ...... """ ...... " 1703 Anaptyctocyathus Debrenne, 1969 ...... " ...... " ...... 1624 [Aphroceryssa) Haeckel, 1872 ... " ...... " .... " ...... " .. " ..... 1703 Anatoxius Lendenfeld, 1887 ...... " ...... 838 Aphrodite Lendenfeld, 1886 ...... " ...... """ .... " .. " ...... 1055 Anaulosoma Kirkpatrick, 1907 ...... " ...... " ...... 1444 Aphrosalpingidae Myagkova, 1955 ...... " .. " .... 1521 Anchinoe Gray, 1867 ...... " ...... " ...... " ...... 585 [Aplysia) Nardo, 1833 "" ...... " ..... " .. " ...... " .... " ...... "." ..... """. 1083 Anchinoidae Topsent, 1928 ...... 575 [Aplysiae) Pliny (Holland, 1634) ...... " ...... "" ...... 1701 Ancorella Lendenfeld, 1906 ...... 145 Aplysilla Schulze, 1878 ...... """ ... "".""" ..... """.""" ... 1069 Ancorina Schmidt, 1862 ...... lIS Aplysillidae Lendenfeld, 1883 " ...... """" ... """ .... " .... """ ...... " .. ". 1068 Ancorinidae Schmidt, 1870 ...... 105, 108 Aplysina Nardo, 1834 " ..... " ...... "" ...... 1083 Andreaea Schrammen, 1902 ...... 1217 Aplysinella Bergquist, 1980 ...... " ...... " ...... 1095 Angaricyathus Zhuravleva, 1965 ...... 1607 Aplysinellidae Bergquist, 1980 ...... 1082, 1094 Angullongiidae Webby & Rigby, 1985 ...... " ...... 1521 Aplysinidae Carter, 1875 ...... " ..... 1082 Anheteromeyenia SchrOder, 1927 ...... " ...... " ...... 929 Aplysinopsis Lendenfeld, 1888 ...... 1033 Anisocrella Topsent, 1927 ...... " ...... " ...... 557 Aponastra Topsent, 1927 ...... 811 Anisotylacanthaea Vacelet, 1969 ...... " ...... " ...... 420 Aporata Seilacher, 1962 ...... " ...... " ...... 1521 [Anisoxya] Topsent, 1898 ...... 813 Aporosocyathus Kruse, 1978 " ...... " ...... " ...... 1603 Annaecoeliidae Senowbari-Daryan, 1978 ...... 1521 Aptocyathella Konyushkov, 1964 ...... " ...... " ...... 1638 [Annandalea) Topsent, 1928 ...... " ...... 183 Aptocyathus Vologdin, 1932 ...... " ...... " ...... " ...... 1638 [Annandalena) Topsent, 1932 .... " ...... " ...... 183 Arabescula Carter, 1873 ...... " ...... 385,1702 Annulocyathella Vologdin, 1962 ...... "" .. " .... " .... " .. """ .. " ...... " .. " 1598 [Arborella) Gatehouse, 1968 (nom. subs!. for Rankenella Kruse) ...... 57 Annulocyathidae Krasnopeeva, 1953 .... """"..... " ...... " ...... 1597 Arborohindia Rigby & Webby, 1988 ..... " ...... " ...... 392 Annulocyathoidea Krasnopeeva, 1953 ...... 1595 Arcesios Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 " ...... 1701 AnnulocyathusVologdin, 1937 ...... " ...... " ...... 1597 Archaeata Zhuravleva & Myagkova, 1970 .... "" .. " ..... "." ...... 1122 Annulofungia Krasnopeeva, 1955 ...... " ...... 1598 Archaeocliona Czerniavsky, 1878 ."" ...... """ .. " .. " ...... """ ... " .. 180 Anomochone Ijima, 1927 ..... " ...... " ...... " ...... 1343 Archaeocyatha Bornemann, 1884 ...... " ...... " .. "." ... 12,54,1117,1539 Anomocladidae Zittel, 1878 ...... """""""" .. """"".""."" 299,363 Archaeocyathida Okulitch, 1935 ...... "" ...... 1650 Index of Higher Taxa to Volumes 1 and 2 xxiii

Archaeocyathidae Hinde, 1889 ...... 1667 Ascute Dendy & Row, 1913 ...... 1160 Archaeocyathina Okulitch, 1935 ...... 1659 Ascyssa Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1160 Archaeocyathoidea Hinde, 1889 ...... 1663 Aspiculata Rigby & Senowbari-Daryan, 1996 ...... 1118 Archaeocyathus Billings, 1861 ...... 1667 Aspidoscopulia gen. nov. (Reiswig) ...... 1333 Archaeolynthus Taylor, 1910 ...... 1548 Asteractinella Hinde, 1887 ...... 1118, 1137 Archaeopharetra R Bedford & WR Bedford, 1936 ...... 1665 [Asteractinellidae] de Laubenfels, 1955 ...... 1136 Archaeopharetridae R Bedford & WR Bedford, 1936 ...... 1664 Asteriospongia Rigby, 1977 ...... 1130 Archaeoscyphia Hinde, 1889 ...... 389 Asterocalyx Moret, 1926 ...... 399 Archaeosycon Taylor, 1910 ...... 1668 Asterocyathidae Vologdin, 1956 ...... 1616 Archaeosyconidae Zhuravleva, 1954 ...... 1668 Asterocyathus Vologdin, 1940 ...... 1616 Archicladium Qian, 1984 ...... 1122 AsteromeyeniaAnnandale, 1911 ...... 933 Ardrossacyathus R Bedford & J Bedford, 1937 ...... 1651 [Asterophora] Sollas, 1887 ...... 105 Arenochalina Lendenfeld, 1887 ...... 676 Asteropus Sollas, 1888 ...... 122 Arenochalininae Lendenfeld, 1888 ...... 669 [Asterostreptidae] Topsent, 1902 ...... 141 Arenosclera Pulitzer-Finali, 1981 ...... 846 Asterotumulus Kashina, 1964 ...... 1627 Arndtanchora de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 606 Astraeoconus Rietschel, 1968 ...... 1125 Arrythmocricus Debrenne & James, 1981 ...... 1667 [Astraeospongia] Romer, 1860 ...... 1129 Artemisina Vosmaer, 1885 ...... 463 Astraeospongiidae Miller, 1889 ...... 1128 [Artenisina] Burton, 1934 ...... 463 Astraeospongium Romer, 1854 ...... 1129 Arthrocyathus Vologdin, 1977 ...... 1638 [Astraxinellidae] Dendy, 1905 ...... 169,186 [Arturocyathus] Rozanov, 1973 ...... 1597 Astrella Sollas, 1886 ...... 110 [Artynaltus] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Astrocladia Zittel, 1878 ...... 401 [Artynandrium] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Astrocladiidae Schrammen, 1924 ...... 401 [Artynandrus] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Astroheteromeyenia Schroder, 1927 ...... 933 [Artynas] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Astrolemma Scharmmen, 1924 ...... 399 [Artynella] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1703 [Astromeyenia] Schroder, 1927 ...... 933 [Artynellandra] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Astromimus Lendenfeld, 1897 ...... 792 Artynes Gray, 1867 ...... 1701 Astromonaxonellida Dendy, 1905 ...... 169 [Artynettus] Haeckel, 1872: 406 ...... 1703 Astropeplus Sollas, 1888 ...... 114 [Artynium] Haeckel, 1870: 246 ...... 1703 Astrophora Sollas, 1888 ...... 105 [Artynophyllum] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1703 Astrophorida Sollas, 1887 ...... 1521 [Artynortus] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Astrophorida Sollas, 1888 ...... 53 [Artynyssium] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Astrophoridae Brien, 1968 ...... 105 Asbestopluma Topsent, 1901 ...... 637 Astrophorina Wiedenmayer, 1977 ...... 105 [Asbestopluma] Lankester, 1882 ...... 637 Astroplakina Dendy & Burton, 1926 ...... 114 [Ascaltaga] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Astrosclera Lister, 1900 ...... 61,69 Ascaltis Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1150 Astroscleridae Lister, 1900 ...... 817, 824 [Ascaltometra] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 [Astrospongia] Gray, 1867 ...... 727 [Ascaltopa] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 [Astrostreptidae] Auc!...... 141 Ascandra Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1147 Astrotetraxonida Hentschel, 1909 ...... 16 [Ascandraga] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Astylinifer Topsent, 1927 ...... 416 [Ascandrometra] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Astyloscyphia Rigby & Pisera, 200 I ...... 392 [Ascandropa] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Astylospongia Roemer, 1860 ...... 392 [Asceta] Ganin, 1879 ...... 1703 Astylospongiella Rigby & Lenz, 1978 ...... 392 [Ascetra 1 Allemand, 1907 ...... 1703 Astylospongiidae Zittel, 1878 ...... 391 [Ascetta] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Astylostroma Rigby & Webby 1988 ...... 392 [Ascettaga] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Astylotuba Rigby & Pisera, 2001 ...... 392 [Ascettometral Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Asychis Gray, 1867 ...... 859 [Ascettopa] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Ataxiocyathus Debrenne, 1974 ...... 1677 [Ascettusa] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Atergia Stephens, 1915 ...... 208 [Ascilla] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Athnacama de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 666 [Ascillaga] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Atlantisella gen. nov. (Tabachnick) ...... 1416 [Ascillopa] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Attungaia Pickett, 1969 ...... 392 [Ascoleucetta] Dendy & Frederick, 1924 ...... 1150, 1703 Atysite Toulouzan & Negrel, 1824 ...... 1702 [Ascometra] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Aulascus Schulze, 1886 ...... 1503 Asconema Kent, 1870 ...... 1458 Aulaxinia sensu Levi & Levi 1988 ...... 366 [Asconema] Schmidt, 1880 ...... 1234 Aulaxinia Zittel, 1878 ...... 399 Asconematidae Gray, 1872 ...... 1443 Aulena Lendenfeld, 1885 ...... 1062 Asconematinae de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 1443 Aulenella Burton & Rao, 1932 ...... 439 [Ascortagal Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Auletta Schmidt, 1870 ...... 727 [Ascortis] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Auliscia Schmidt, 1866 ...... 1701 [Ascortopa] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Au1iscocyathidae Debrenne & A Zhuravlev, 1992 ...... 1682 [Ascortusa] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Auliscocyathoidea Debrenne & A Zhurav1ev, 1992 ...... 1681 Ascosymplegma Rauff, 1938 ...... 1522 Auliscocyathus Debrenne, 1974 ...... 1683 Ascosymplegmatidae Boiko in Boiko et al., 1991 ...... 1521 Auloca1ycidae Ijima, 1927 ...... 1361, 1372 [Asculmis] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Aulocalycoida Tabachnick & Reiswig, 2000 ...... 1202, 1361 [Ascuris] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Aulocalyx Schulze, 1886 ...... 1364 xxiv Index of Higher Taxa to Volumes 1 and 2

Aulochone Schulze, 1886 ...... 1470 Bajalus Lendenfeld, 1885 ...... 1078 [Aulochonen] Schulze, 1885 ...... 1474 Balanella Schulze, 1887 ...... 1465 [Aulochoninae] Schulze, 1885 ...... 1443 Balanites Schulze, 1886 ...... 1465 Aulocopella Rauff, 1894 ...... 389 Balliviaspongia Boury-Esnault &Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1992 ...... 1015 Aulocopidae de Laubenfels, 1955 ...... 388 Barbozia Dendy, 1922 ...... 689,708 Aulocopium Oswald, 1847 ...... 389 Barroisia Munier-Chalmas in Steinmann, 1882 ...... 1119, 1522 Aulocopoides Howell, 1952 ...... 389 Basiectyon Vacelet, 1961 ...... 485 Aulocricus Debrenne, 1987 ...... 1607 [Basta] Oken, 1815 ...... 1090 Aulocystidae Sollas, 1887 ...... 1377 Bathydorus Schulze, 1886 ...... 1463 [Aulocystidae] Schulze, 1885 ...... 1378 Bathyxiphus Schulze, 1899 ...... 1318 Aulocystis Schulze, 1886 ...... 1380 Batschykicyathus A Zhuravlev 1983 ...... 1557 [Aulocystis] Schulze, 1885 ...... 1380 Battersbyia Bowerbank, 1874 ...... 151 Aulodictyon Kent, 1870 ...... 1336 Batzella Topsent, 1891 ...... 522 Aulodomus Schrammen, 1937 ...... 1216 Becksia Schltiter, 1868 ...... 1222 Auloplacidae Schrammen, 1912 ...... 1293 Becksiidae Schrammen, 1912 ...... 1222 Auloplax Schulze, 1904 ...... 1294 Beltanacyathidae Debrenne, 1974 ...... 1677 [Auloplegma] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1703 [Beltanacyathidae] Debrenne, 1970 ...... 1677 [Auloplegma] Schmidt, 1879 ...... 1383 Beltanacyathoidea Debrenne, 1974 ...... 1676 [Auloplegmaltis] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1703 Beltanacyathus R Bedford & J Bedford, 1936 ...... 1677 [Auloplegmandra] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1703 Belubulaspongia Rigby & Webby, 1988 ...... 392 [Auloplegmetta] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1703 Belyaevaspongia Senowbari-Daryan & Ingevat-Helmcke, 1994 ...... 1522 [Auloplegmilla] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1703 Bematia Rosell & Uriz, 1997 ...... 176 [Auloplegmortis] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1703 Bethia de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 473 Aulorhipis Ehlers, 1871 ...... 1702 Bicoscinus Debrenne, 1977 ...... 1687 [Aulorhiza] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1150 Biemna Gray, 1867 ...... 643,665 Aulorossella Kirkpatrick, 1907 ...... 1444 Biemnidae Hentschel, 1923 ...... 642 [Aulorrhiza] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1703 Biminia Wiedenmayer, 1977 ...... 897 Aulosaccus Ijima, 1896 ...... 1461 Bipallicyathidae Debrenne, Rozanov & A Zhuravlev, 1989 ...... 1581 Aulosoma Schrammen, 1924 ...... 398 Bipallicyathus A Zhuravlev, 1982 ...... 1581 Aulosomidae Schrammen, 1924 ...... 397 Bipocillopsis Koltun, 1964 ...... 585 Aulospongiella Burton, 1956 ...... 480 Blastulospongia Pickett & Jell, 1983 ...... 1532 Aulospongus Norman, 1878 ...... 480 Blondetia Herenger, 1944 ...... 1220 [Aurora] Sollas, 1888 ...... 114 Boikothalamiidae Reitner & Engeser, 1985 ...... 1522 [Aurorella] de Laubenfels, 1957 ...... 114 Bolosoma Schulze, 1904 ...... 1403 Australospongia Howell, 1952 ...... 389 Bolosominae subfam. nov. (Tabachnick) ...... 1402 Autodermalia Reid, 1958 ...... 1387 Boonderooia Rigby & Webby, 1988 ...... 392 Axechina Hentschel, 1912 ...... 496 Borocyathus Voronin, 1988 ...... 1590 Axiamon Hallmann, 1914 ...... 744 Botomocyathidae Zhuravleva, 1955 ...... 1610 Axidragma Hallmann, 1917 ...... 727 Botomocyathus Zhuravleva, 1955 ...... 1612 Axinectya Hallmann, 1917 ...... 475 [Botryllus] Oken, 1815 ...... 1702 Axinella Schmidt, 1862 ...... 727 Brachiaster Wilson, 1925 '" ...... 146 Axinellida Carter, 1875 ...... 16 Brachiospongia Marsh, 1867 ...... 1214 Axinellida; Bergquist, 1970 ...... 16 Brachiospongiidae Beecher, 1889 ...... 1214 Axinellida; Levi, 1957 ...... 721 Brachiospongioidea Finks, 1960 ...... 1214 Axinellidae Carter, 1875 ...... 721,724 Bractocyathus Kruse, 1978 ...... 1625 Axinellides Levi, 1953 ...... 721 Breitfussia Borojevic et al., 2000 ...... 1170 Axinomimus de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 793 Brochodora Schrammen, 1910 ...... 395 Axinosia Hallmann, 1914 ...... 727 Bronchocyathidae R Bedford & J Bedford, 1936 ...... 1567 Axinyssa Lendenfeld, 1897 ...... 792 Bronchocyathoidea R Bedford & J Bedford, 1936 ...... 1558 Axocielita de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 440 Brondstedia Burton, 1929 ...... 657 Axociella Hallmann, 1920 ...... 444 Bubaridae Topsent, 1894 ...... 721,748 Axoniderma Ridley & Dendy, 1887 ...... 640 Bubarinae Topsent, 1894 ...... 748 Axoplocamia Burton, 1935 ...... 503 Bubaris Gray, 1867 ...... 749 Axos Gray, 1867 ...... 187 Bubaropsis Levi & Vacelet, 1958 ...... 751 Axosuberites Topsent, 1893 ...... 444 Bursalina Schmidt, 1875 ...... 210 Azorica Carter, 1873 ...... 352 Burtonanchora de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 609 Azoricidae Sollas, 1888 ...... 300, 352 Burtonella de Laubenfels, 1928 ...... 423 Bactronella Hinde, 1900 ...... 1188 Burtonispongia de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 522 Bactronellidae de Laubenfels, 1955 ...... 1186 Burtonitethya Sara, 1994 ...... 250 [Badiaga] Buxbaum, 1729 ...... 1701 Burtonulla Borojevic & Boury-Esnault, 1986 ...... 1146 Baeria Miklucho-Maclay, 1870 ...... 1194 Butakovicyathus Zhuravleva, 1980 ...... 1549 Baerida Borojevic et aI., 2000 ...... 1108, 1193 [Cacochalina] Schmidt, 1868 ...... 837 Baeriidae Borojevic et aI., 2000 ...... 1194 Cacospongia Schmidt, 1862 ...... 1030 Bailwlocyathus Yazmir, 1974 ...... 1573 Cadniacyathus R Bedford & J Bedford, 1937 ...... 1564 Baikalolepis Makushok, 1927 ...... 972 Calcabrina Sollas, 1888 ...... 155 Bailwlospongia Annandale, 1914 ...... 972 Calcarea Bowerbank, 1864 ...... 12,1117,1511 Bajalidae Levi, 1958 ...... 1078 Calcaronea Bidder, 1898 ...... 1109, 1117 Index of Higher Taxa to Volumes 1 and 2 xxv

[Calcepongia] Lamarck, 1836 ...... 1701 Cassianothalamiidae Reitner, 1987 ...... 1533 Calcichondrilla Reitner, 1991 ...... 59 [Casula] Gray, 1872 ...... 96 Calcifibrospongia Hartman, 1979 ...... 918 [Casuladae] Gray, 1872 ...... 85 Ca1cifibrospongiidae Hartman, 1979 ...... '" ...... 892, 918 Caucasocoelia Boiko, 1990 ...... 1532 Ca1cinea Bidder, 1898 ...... 1109, 1117, 1141 Cauliculospongia Rigby & Chatterton, 1989 ...... 389 Calcispongia (Grant, MS) de Blainville, 1830 ...... 1701 Caulocalyx Schulze, 1886 ...... 1406 Ca1cispongiaJohnston, 1842 ...... 1511 Caulodiscus Ijima, 1927 ...... 1469 [Ca1cispongia] de Blainville, 1834 ...... 1117 Caulophacella Lendenfeld, 1915 ...... '" ...... '" ...... 1465 Ca1cispongiae Johnston, 1842 ...... 11 Caulophacidae Ijima, 1903 ...... 1441 Calcistella Reitner, 1991 ...... 59 Caulophacus (Caulodiscus) Ijima, 1927 ...... 1469 [Caledoniella] Tabachnick & Levi, 2002 ...... 1405 Caulophacus (Caulophacus) Schulze, 1886 ...... 1466 Callibrochis Schrammen, 1912 ...... 1220 Caulophacus Schulze, 1886 ...... 1466 Callicylix Schrammen ...... 1381 Caulospongia Kent, 1871 ...... 230 Callipelta Sollas, 1888 ...... 345 Cavispongia Quenstedt, 1878 ...... 1222 Callisphaera Gray, 1870 ...... 1701 Cavochalina Carter, 1885 ...... 840 [Callisphaera] sensu Schulze, 1887 ...... 1268 [Cavochalinidae] Carter, 1875 ...... 835 Callites Schmidt, 1868 ...... 766 [Cavolina] de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 1702 Callopegma Zittel, 1878 ...... 399 [Cavolinia] Nardo, 1833 ...... 1702 Callymatina Zittel, 1878 ...... 399 Cellicyathus Debrenne & A Zhuravlev, 1990 ...... 1659 Callyspongia (Callyspongia) Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 ...... 838 Cellularia Reiswig & Mackie, 1983 ...... '" ...... 11 Callyspongia (Cavochalina) Carter, 1885 ...... 840 Cellulophana Schmidt, 1862 ...... 1702 Callyspongia (Cladochalina) Schmidt, 1870 ...... 841 Celyphia Pomel, 1872 ...... '" ...... 1511 Callyspongia (Euplacella) Lendenfeld, 1887 ...... 843 Ce1yphiidae de Laubenfels, 1955 ...... 1521 Callyspongia (Toxochalina) Ridley, 1884 ...... 844 Centrosia Schrammen, 1910 ...... 1222 Callyspongia Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 ...... 836 Ceotineliidae Senowbari-Daryan in Fliigel et al., 1978 ...... 1521 Callyspongiidae de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 834 Cephalites Smith, 1848 ...... 1222 Calthropella Sollas, 1888 ...... 128, 143 Ceractinomorpha Levi, 1953 ...... 16,53 Calthropellidae Lendenfeld, 1907 ...... 105, 127 Ceraochalina Lendenfeld, 1887 ...... 838 Calycocoelia Bassler, 1941 ...... 389 Ceratella Gray, 1868 ...... 1702 Calycosaccus Schulze, 1899 ...... 1461 Ceratelladae Gray, 1868 ...... '" ...... 1702 Calycosilva Lendenfeld, 1915 ...... 1503 [Ceratodendron] Marshall, 1877 ...... 1055 Calycosoma Schulze, 1899 ...... 1494 [Ceratopora] Hickson, 1911 ...... 826 Calyptocoscinidae Debrenne, 1964 ...... 1648 Ceratoporella Hickson, 1911 ...... 60,69, 826 Calyptocoscinoidea Debrenne, 1964 ...... 1647 Ceratoporellida Hartman & Goreau, 1972 ...... '" ...... 817 Calyptocoscinus Debrenne, 1964 ...... 1648 Ceratoporellidae Hartman & Goreau, 1972 ...... 60,824 Calyptorete Okada, 1925 ...... 1303 Ceratopsion Strand, 1928 ...... 495 Calyx Vosmaer, 1885 ...... 895 [Cera tops is] Thiele, 1898 ...... 495 Calyxadocia de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 882 Cerbaris Topsent, 1898 ...... 751 Cambrocyathellus Zhuravleva, 1960 ...... 1651 Cercidochela Kirkpatrick, 1907 ...... 704 Cameroptychium d'Orbigny, 1847 ...... 1222 Cerelasma Haeckel, 1889 ...... 1702 Camerospongia d'Orbigny, 1847 ...... 1222 Cerelpemma Haeckel, 1889 ...... 1702 Caminella Lendenfeld, 1894 ...... 139 Cerelpsamma Haeckel, 1889 ...... 1702 Caminus Schmidt, 1862 ...... 136 Cervicomia Riitzler & Hooper, 2000 ...... 174 Camptisocale Topsent, 1927 ...... '" ...... '" ...... 621 [Chabakovicyathacea] Rozanov, 1973 ...... 1639 Candidaspongia Bergquist et ai., 1999 ...... 1049 Chabakovicyathidae fam. nov. (Rozanov, in Canistrumella Rigby, 1986 ...... 1126 Debrenne, Zhuralev & Kruse) ...... 1639 Canningella Rigby, 1986 ...... 389 [Chabakovicyathidae] Rozanov, 1973 ...... 1639 Cantabrina Ferrer-Hernandez, 1914 ...... 510 Chabakovicyathoidea superfam. nov. (Rozanov, in Capsulocyathina Zhuravleva, 1964 ...... 1641 Debrenne, Zhuralev & Kruse) ...... 1639 Capsulocyathus Vologdin, 1964 ...... 1641 Chabakovicyathus Konyushkov, 1964 ...... 1640 Carinacyathidae Krasnopeeva, 1953 ...... 1605 Chaetetidae Milne-Edwards & Haime, 1850 ...... 13,58 Carinacyathus Vologdin, 1932 ...... 1605 Chaetodoryx Topsent, 1927 ...... 529 Carmia Gray, 1867 ...... 678 Chakassicyathus Zhuravleva & Osadchaya, 1974 ...... 1579 Camleia Burton, 1930 ...... 240 Chalarina de Laubenfels, 1955 ...... 1118 Carnosa Carter, 1875 ...... 16 Chalaronema Ijima, 1927 ...... 1257,1258 Carphites Finks, 1960 .. , ...... 1214 [Charalonema] Tabachnick & Menshenina, 2002 ...... 1257 Carpicyathus Osadchaya, 1967 ...... ,. 1574 [Chalina] Grant, 1861 ...... 858 Carpospongia Rauff, 1894 ...... '" ...... 392 Chalinella Lendenfeld, 1887 ...... 838 Carteiadae Gray, 1872 ...... 1232 Chalinidae Gray, 1867 ...... 834,852 [Carterella] Potts, 1881 ...... 942 Chalinissa Lendenfeld, 1887 ...... 727 [Carteria] Gray, 1867 ...... 1232 Chalinodendron Lendenfeld, 1887 ...... 853 Carteriospongia Hyatt, 1877 ...... 1046 Chalinopora Lendenfeld, 1887 ...... 838 [Carterispongia] Ridley, 1884 ...... 1046 Chalinopsididae Schmidt, 1870 ...... 819 Carterius Petr, 1886 ...... '" ...... 942 Chalinopsidinae Schmidt, 1870 ...... 819 Cartilospongia Bowerbank, 1845 ...... 1701 Chalinopsilla Lendenfeld, 1888 ...... 847 Casearia Quenstedt, 1858 ...... 1219, 1532 Chalinopsis Schmidt, 1870 ...... 820 Cassianothalamia Reitner, 1987 ...... 54,1533 [Chalinopsis] Lendenfeld, 1886 ...... 847 xxvi Index of Higher Taxa to Volumes 1 and 2

Chalinorhaphis Lendenfeld, 1887 ...... " ...... ". 912 Cladorhiza Sars, 1872 .. " .. """ ...... " ...... """"" ...... ,,",, .. ,,. 640 Chalinula Schmidt, 1868 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""". 853 Cladorhizeae Dendy, 1922 ...... " ...... """" ...... ,,",, ... 636 Chancelloriidae Walcott, 1920 "",,""",,"""",,"""""""""""""""",,. 1118 Cladorhizidae de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... """ ...... """",, ...... ,,"",, ..... 636 Changicyathus Debrenne & A Zhuravlev, 1990 """""""""""""""" 1674 Cladorhizidae Dendy, 1922 ...... " ...... " .... " ...... 634,636 Chankacyathidae Yakovlev, 1959 """"""""""""""""""""""""""" 1656 Cladothenea Koltun, 1964 ...... " .. " ...... " ...... ,," " .. " ...... " " ...... " ... 148 Chankacyathoidea Yakovlev, 1959 """"""""""""""""",,,,""""""" 1656 [Claraxinellida] Levi, 1957 ...... ,,"" " ...... """" .. ,,. 721 Chankacyathus Yakovlev, 1959 """""""""""""""""""""""""""". 1656 Claruscoscinidae Debrenne & A Zhuravlev, 1992 " ...... """ ...... ,, 1661 Characella Sollas, 1886 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 147 [Claruscoscinidae] Debrenne, in Debrenne etal., 1989 " ...... ,,""" 1661 Chaunangium Schulze, 1904 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""". 1394 Claruscoscinus Handfield, 1971 "" .... """" ...... ,,",, ...... 1662 Chaunoplectella Ijima, 1896 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""'" 1449 [Clatharia] Kumar, 1925 ...... " ...... " ...... "".... " ... 437 Cheilosporitiidae Fischer, 1962 """""""""""""""""""""""""""'" 1521 Clathria (Axosuberites) Topsent, 1893 ...... "" .. " .. """ .... ,,""""",, ...... 444 Chelonaplysilla de Laubenfels, 1948 """""""""""""""""""""""" 1071 Clathria (Clathria) Schmidt, 1862 ...... 437 Chelotropaena Lendenfeld, 1906 """""""""""""""""""""""""""" 154 Clathria (Dendrocia) Hallmann, 1920 ...... " .... " ...... 442 Chelotropella Lendenfeld, 1907 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""" 130 Clathria (!sociella) Hallmann, 1920 ...... 445 Chenendopora Lamouroux, 1821 """""""""""""""""""""""""""" 401 Clathria (Microciona) Bowerbank, 1862 .... " ...... " ...... 440 Chenendoporidae Schrammen, 1924 """"""""""""""""""""""""'" 401 Clathria (Thalysias) Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 ...... 447 Chiastoclonella Rauff, 1895 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 389 Clathria (Wilsonella) Carter, 1885 ...... 439 Chiastoclonellidae Rauff, 1895 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""". 389 Clathria Schmidt, 1862 ...... " ...... 437 Chiastosia Topsent, 1928 "".""".".""""""."""" .. """.".".""" .. ""."" 605 Clathricoscinidae Rozanov, 1964 .. " ...... " .. " ...... " ...... 1650 Chilcaia Carrera, 1994 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""". 1 139 Clathricoscinoidea Rozanov, 1964 ...... ,," 1649 Choanitidae de Laubenfels, 1936 """""""""""""""""""" 169,220,266 Clathricoscinus Zhuravleva, 1955 ...... " .. " ...... 1650 Choia Walcott, 1920 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 55,1117 Clathricyathellus Borodina, 1974 ...... " .. " ...... " ..... 1613 Choiella Rigby & Hou, 1995 """""""""",,"""""""""""""""""""",,. 55 Clathricyathus Vologdin, 1939 ...... " .... " ...... " .... " ...... " 1613 Choiidae de Laubenfels, 1955 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""". 55 Clathriella Burton, 1935 .. " ...... 460 Chondrilla Schmidt, 1862 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""". 293 Clathriidae Lendenfeld, 1884 .... " ...... " .... " ...... " ...... 432 Chondrillastra Topsent, 1918 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 293 Clathrina Gray, 1867 ...... " ...... " "" ...... "" ...... 1142 Chondrillidae Gray, 1872 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 169,291 Clathrinida Hartman, 1958 .. " ...... " ...... "" .. " ...... 1108, 1141 Chondrillina de Laubenfels, 1936 """"""""""""""""""""""""""". 222 Clathrinidae Minchin, 1900 ...... " " ...... " .. " ...... " ...... ". 1141 Chondrissinae Lendenfeld, 1885 """""""""""""""""""""""""""". 291 Clathriodendron Lendenfeld, 1888 "" ...... " " ...... " .. " .. ". 475 Chondrocladia Thomson, 1873 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""'" 638 Clathriopsamma Lendenfeld, 1888 ...... " .... "" ...... ". 439 Chondropsidae Carter, 1886 """",,""",,""""""""""",,"",,"""""""" 520 Clathrissa Lendenfeld, 1888 ...... " ...... " ...... " ... 585 Chondropsina Carter, 1886 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 521 Clathrithalamus Debrenne & Kruse, 1986 .. " .... " ...... " ...... " ...... " 1612 Chondropsis Carter, 1886 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 522 Clathrochone gen.nov. (Tabachnick) " ...... " ...... " .. " " ...... " .. " ... 1507 Chondrosia Nardo, 1847 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""",,. 292 Clathrodictyidae Kuhn, 1939 ...... " ...... " "" ...... " ...... " .. " ... 69 Chondrosida Boury-Esnault & Lopes, 1985 """""""""""""""""",,. 291 Clathrospongia Hall & Clarke, 1898 .... " .. " .. " ...... " .... " ...... "" ..... 1212 Chondrosides Levi, 1956 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""". 291 Clavaxinellida Levi, 1957 ...... " .. " ...... " ...... " 721 Chondrosiidae Schulze, 1877 "",,"""",,""""""",,"""""",,"""" 169,291 Clavaxinellides Levi, 1956 """""" .. """"" .. " ...... " .. " .... " ...... " ...... ,, .. 721 Chondrosiidae; Wiedenmayer, 1977 """""""""""""""""""""" 169,291 Clavellomorpha Hansen, 1885 .. " .... "" .. "" .. " ...... " .. " .... " .. " .. " ...... " .. 156 Chondrosiina Wiedenmayer, 1977 """"""""""""""""""""""""""'" 291 Claviscopulia Schulze, 1899 ...... " ...... " .... " ...... 1335 Chondrospongiae Lendenfeld, 1886 """"""""""""""""""""" .... "",, .. 16 Claviscopulia; Levi, 1990 ...... "" ...... "" .... " ...... " ..... 1332 Chonelasma (in part) Schulze, 1886 """""""""""""""""""""""". 1285 Clavulidae Vosmaer, 1885 ...... " ...... "" .... " ...... " ...... 170 Chonelasma Schulze, 1886 ...... " ...... " .. " " ...... 1320 Clavulides Topsent, 1898 ...... " ...... "" ...... " ... 170 Chonelasmatidae Schrammen, 1912 ...... " " .... " ...... 1301 Clavulina Vosmaer, 1885 ...... " ...... " ...... " ...... " .. " .... " .. " ... 170 Chonelasmatinae; Reid, 1958 ...... " .. "" ...... "" .. " .... " ...... " .... " 1301 Cliefdenelliidae Webby, 1969 .... " ...... " .. " .... " ...... " ...... " .. " ...... 1521 Chonella Zittel, 1878 .. "" .. " ...... " ...... "" ...... 398 Cliefdenospongia Rigby & Webby, 1988 .... " ...... 390 Chonellidae Schrammen, 1924 .. " .... " .... " ...... "" .. ,, ...... 397 Clinolabis Topsent, 1927 .. "" ...... " .... " .. " ...... " .. " ...... "" .... " ...... 532 Chonellopsis Schrarnmen, 1937 ...... " .... " ...... " ...... " 398 Cliona Grant, 1826 .... " ...... " .... " ...... " ...... 176 Chonodictyon Reid, 1958 ...... " .. " ...... "" .. """"" .. " .. "" ...... "",, .. ,, 1336 Clionaidae d'Orbigny, 1851 ...... "" .. " ...... " ...... " .... 171,173 Choristida Sollas, 1885 .. " .... "" .. " ...... " .. "" .. " .... " ...... " .. 105 Clionaopsis nom. nov. (Rutz1er) .. " .. " ...... " ...... " ...... 174 Choristidae Sollas, 1880 ...... " .. " .... " ...... """" .. " ...... ,, 105 [Clioniadae] Gray, 1867 " .... " .... " ...... " ...... " ...... " ...... " 173 Chouberticyathus Debrenne, 1964 .. " ...... " .... "" .... " .. " ...... ,," 1659 [Clionidae] d'Orbigny, 1851 " ...... " ...... " ...... " ...... 173 Chrotella Sollas, 1888 " .. " ...... " ...... "" ...... " .... " ...... 96 [Clionopsis] Thiele, 1905 .... " ...... " ...... 178 Cinachyra Sollas, 1886 ...... " .... " ...... " .... " ...... 89 Cliothosa Topsent, 1905 " .. "" ...... " ...... " ...... " ...... " .. 174 Cinachyrella Wilson, 1925 .. " .... " .. " .. " .. """"" .. """" .. "" .. " ...... " .. ,, 90 [Clistolynthaltis] Haeckel, 1872 ...... " ...... " ...... 1703 [Cinochyra] Sollas, 1886 ...... "".. " ...... " ...... 89 [Clistolynthandra] Haeckel, 1872 " .. " .... """ ...... " ...... ,, ...... 1703 Ciocalapata de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... " .. " ...... " ...... " ...... "" .. " .. " 795 [Clistolynthetta] Haeckel, 1872 .... "" ...... "" .... " ...... " ...... " .. "". 1703 Ciocalypta Bowerbank, 1862 ...... "" ...... "" ...... " ...... " ...... " 796 [Clistolynthilla] Haeckel, 1872 .... "" ...... """ ...... " ...... " .. " .... ,,. 1703 Ciocalyptidae Hentschel, 1923 ...... " ...... " .. "",, ...... 787 Clypeatula Peterson & Addis, 2000 " ...... "" ...... " ...... 937 Cionanchora de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... """ ...... """" .. " ...... ,,,,. 551 [Clystolynthus] Haeckel, 1870 ...... " ...... "" .... " ...... " ... 1703 Cioxeamastia de Laubenfels, 1942 ...... " .. " ...... " .. " ...... " .. " .. " ...... 799 Cnemidiastridae Schrammen, 1937 .. " ...... " ..... " .. " ...... " ...... 397 Cipicidae Termier & Termier, 1974 ...... """ ...... "",, ...... ,,""",, ... 1521 Cnemidiastrum Zittel, 1878 .. " ...... " .... " ...... " .... "" ...... ". 398 Citronia gen. nov. (Cook & Bergquist) ...... 1066 Cockbainia Rigby, 1986 ...... " ...... " ...... " .... " ...... 389 Cladochalina Schmidt, 1870 """" ...... " .. " ...... "". 841 Coelectys Topsent, 1936 ...... " ...... " ...... " ... 529 Cladocroce Topsent, 1892 ...... """ ...... " .. " .... ,, ...... 856 Coelocalypta Tapsent, 1928 " ...... "." ...... " ...... "." ...... " ...... "." .. 788 Cladodermia Schrammen, 1924 " ...... "" .... " .... " ...... " ...... " .. 401 Coelocarteria Burton, 1934 .. " ...... " ...... " ...... " ...... "." ...... ". 703 Cladodia Moret, 1926 ...... " ...... " ...... " " ...... " ..... 396 Coelocorypha Zittel, 1878 .... " .. " .. "." ...... """ .... " ...... " .. " .... ,,. 398 [Cladopeltidae] Sollas, 1888 .... """""" ...... ,,""",, ...... 338 Coelodischela Vacelet et aI., 1976 .. " ...... " .. " .. " .. " .. " ..... " ...... "" ...... ". 651 Index of Higher Taxa to Volumes 1 and 2 xxvii

Coeloptychidae Zittel, 1877 ...... 1222 Corticulospongia Rigby & Chatterton, 1989 ...... 1216 Coeloptychium Goldfuss, 1826 ...... 1223 CortispongillaAnnandale, 1918 ...... 976 Coelosphaera (Coelosphaera) Thomson, 1873 ...... 531 Corvoheteromeyenia Ezcurra de Drago, 1979 ...... 930 Coelosphaera (Histodermion) Topsent, 1927 ...... 532 Corvomeyenia Weltner, 1913 ...... 990 Coelosphaera Thomson, 1873 ...... 529 Corvospongilla Annandale, 1911 '" ...... 931 Coelosphaereae Dendy, 1922 ...... 528 [Corybas] Gray, 1867: 537 ...... 657 Coelosphaerella de Laubenfels, 1934 ...... 417 Corynonema; Levi, 1964 ...... 1236 Coelosphaericon Bakus, 1966 ...... 529 Corythophora Hernandez, 1932 ...... 1278 Coelosphaeridae Dendy, 1922 ...... 520,528 Corythophoridae de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 1267 Coelosphaeridae; Hentschel, 1923 ...... 528 Coscinaulus Schrammen, 1937 ...... 1223 Coelosphaeroma Schrammen, 1910 ...... 398 Coscinocyathella Vologdin, 1957 ...... 1648 [Coelospongia] Termier & Termier, 1977 ...... 1118 Coscinocyathellidae Zhuravleva, 1956 ...... 1646 [Coenospongia] Termier & Termier, 1977 ...... 1118 Coscinocyathellus Vologdin, 1940 ...... 1646 Coenostoma Haeckel, 1869 ...... 1701 Coscinocyathidae Taylor, 1910 ...... 1646 [Coenostomandra] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Coscinocyathina Zhuravleva, 1955 ...... 1645 [Coenostomandrium] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Coscinocyathoidea Taylor, 1910 ...... 1646 [Coenostomella] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1703 Coscinocyathus Bornemann, 1884 ...... 1646 [Coenostomellium] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Coscinoderma Carter, 1883 ...... 1056 [Coenostomium] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Coscinodiscidae Schrammen, 1937 ...... 394 [Coenostomortis] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Coscinodiscus Schrarnmen, 1937 ...... 394 Coetinella Panti, 1975 ...... 1533 Coscinonema; Levi, 1964 ...... '" ...... 1238 Collatipora Finks, 1960 ...... 389 Coscinoporidae Zittel, 1877 ...... 1301 Collectella Schmidt, 1880 ...... 384 Coscinoporidae; Schulze, 1886 ...... 1301 [Collinella] Schmidt, 1879 ...... 384 Coscinoptycta Broili, 1915 ...... 1630 Collocalypta Dendy, 1905 ...... 796 Coscinoptyctidae Debrenne et al., 1989 ...... 1630 Colloclathria Dendy, 1922 ...... 447 Coscinoptyctoidea Debrenne et al. 1989 ...... 1629 Collosclerophora Dendy, 1917 ...... 522 Coscinospongia Lendenfeld, 1903 ...... 313 Collospongelia Hernandez, 1923 ...... 1062 Coscinospongiidae Lendenfeld, 1903 ...... 312 Collospongia Bergquist, Cambie & Kernan, 1990 ...... 1040 Coscinostoma Schrammen, 1910 ...... 398 Colospongia Laube, 1865 ...... 1522 CostiferWilson, 1925 ...... 374 Colospongiidae Senowbari-Daryan, 1990 ...... 1521 Cotylahindia Rigby & Bayer, 1971 ...... 392 Colospongiidae; Boiko & Belyaeva, 1991 ...... 1521 Cotylina Lundbeck, 1905 ...... 637 Colossolacis Schrammen, 1910 ...... 402 Crambeidae Levi, 1963 ...... 520,547 Columnitis Schmidt, 1870 ...... 251 Crambeidae; Maldonado et ai., 2001 ...... 547 [Cometella] Schmidt, 1870 ...... 253,637 CrambeVosmaer, 1880 ...... 548 Complicatocyathus Yaroshevich, 1990 ...... 1641 [Crambidae] Levi, 1963 ...... 547 Composi!ocyathus Zhuravleva, 1960 ...... 1567 Craniella Schmidt, 1870 ...... 92 Composocalyx Schulze, 1904 ...... 1257 Craniellida Reid, 1968 ...... 83 Conannulofungia Yuan, 1980 ...... 1567 Craniellidae de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 85 [Conasterium] Ehrenberg, 1861 ...... 1391 Craniellopsis Topsent, 1913 ...... 92 Conorete Ijima, 1927 ...... 1305 Crassicoscinidae Debrenne et ai., 1988 ...... 1620 Constellatospongia Rigby, 1977 ...... 1131 Crassicoscinus Rozanov & A Zhuravlev, 1988 ...... 1620 Copleicyathidae R Bedford & J Bedford, 1937 ...... 1670 Craterella Schrammen, 1901 ...... 399 Copleicyathus R Bedford & J Bedford, 1937 ...... 1670 Crateromorpha (Aulochone) Schulze, 1886 ...... 1474 Coppatias Sollas, 1888 ...... 114 Crateromorpha (Caledochone) Tabachnick & Levi, 2002 ...... 1476 Coppatiidae Topsent, 1898 ...... 108 Crateromorpha (Craterochone) subgen.nov. (Tabachnick) ...... 1477 Coralliospongia Gray, 1867 ...... 1201 Crateromorpha (Crateromorpha) Gray in Carter, 1872 ...... 1471 Corallistes Schmidt, 1870 ...... 313 Crateromorpha (Neopsacas) sUbgen.nov. (Tabachnick) ...... 1479 Corallistidae Sollas, 1888 ...... 300, 312, 392 Crateromorpha Gray in Carter, 1872 ...... 1470 Corallistides Moret, 1926 ...... 312 Crateromorphidae Gray, 1872 ...... 1441 Corallistinidae Schrammen, 1903 ...... 312 [Crateromorphinae] Sculze, 1885 ...... 1443 Corbitella Gray, 1867 ...... '" 1415 Craticularia Zittel, 1877 ...... 1287 Corbitellinae Ijima, 1902 ...... 1413 Craticularidae Rauff, 1893 ...... 1287 Cordilleracyathus Handfield, 1971 ...... 1607 Craticulariidae Rauff, 1893 ...... 1217, 1281 Cordobicyathidae Perejon, 1975 ...... 1554 Crella (Crelia) Gray, 1867 ...... 559 Cordobicyathus Perejon, 1975 ...... 1554 Crella (Grayella) Carter, 1869 ...... 560 Cornacuspongiae Vosmaer, 1887 ...... 16 Crella (Pytheas) Topsent, 1890 ...... 562 Cornacuspongida Vosmaer, 1887 ...... 722 Crella (Yvesia) Topsent, 1892 ...... 563 [Cornulacantha] Levi & Levi, 1983 ...... 426 Crella Gray, 1867 ...... 557 Cornulella Dendy, 1922 ...... 417 Crellancistra de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 667 Cornulidae Levi & Levi, 1983 ...... 412 Crellastrina Topsent, 1927 ...... 565 Cornulotrocha Topsent, 1927 ...... 417 Crelleae Dendy, 1922 ...... 556 Cornulum Carter, 1876 ...... 417 Crellidae Dendy, 1922 ...... 556 [Corticellaj Sollas, 1888 ...... 128, 143 Crellidae; Hentschel, 1923 ...... 520,556 Corticellopsis Bergquist, 1968 ...... 128 Crellina Hentschel, 1914 ...... 557 Corticiidae Vosmaer, 1887 ...... 71 Crellinspira de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 557 Corticium Schmidt, 1862 ...... 76 Crellomima Rezvoi, 1925 ...... 564 xxviii Index of Higher Taxa to Volumes 1 and 2

Crellomyxilla Dendy, 1924 ...... 609 Darwinella Muller, 1865 ...... 1069, 1075 Crelloxea Hechtel, 1989 ...... 557 Darwinellidae Merejkowsky, 1879 ...... 1068 [Cribrella] Schmidt, 1862 ...... 558, 578 [Darwinia] Schulze, 1865 1069 ...... 1069 Cribrochalina Schmidt, 1870 ...... 877 Dasychalina Ridley & Dendy, 1886 ...... 878 Cribrospongia d'Orbigny, 1849 ...... 1218, 1290 Davidicyathus Debrenne et al., 1990 ...... 1559 Cribrospongiidae Roemer, 1864 ...... 1218, 1281, 1290 Deanea Bowerbank, 1875 ...... 1356 Crinorhiza Schmidt, 1880 ...... 638 Deceptioncyathus Gravestock, 1984 ...... 1564 Crucicyathus Gravestock, 1984 ...... 1620 Defordia King, 1983 ...... 390 Cryptax de Laubenfels, 1954 ...... 789 Degeletticyathus Zhuravleva, 1969 ...... 1575 Cryptocoeliidae Steinmann, 1882 ...... 1521 Dehornella Lecompte, 1952 ...... 59 Cryptocoeliopsis Wilckens, 1937 ...... 1522 Delaubenfelsia Dickinson, 1945 ...... 176 Cryptoporocyathidae Zhuravleva, 1960 ...... 1641 Delectona de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 284 Cryptoporocyathus Zhuravleva, 1960 ...... 1641 Demospongiae Sollas, 1885 ...... 12, 17,52,1521 Cryptospongia Burton, 1928 ...... 1702 Denaecyathus Zhuravleva 1967 ...... 1570 Cryptosyringa Vacelet, 1979 ...... 111 Dendoricella Lundbeck, 1905 ...... 568 Cryptotethya Dendy, 1905 ...... 110, 260 Dendoricellidae Hentschel, 1923 ...... 520,567 [Cryptotethya] de Laubenfels, 1949 ...... 110, 259 Dendoryx Gray, 1867 ...... 609 Cucumaltina Brimaud & Vachard, 1986 ...... 398 Dendrectilla Pulitzer-Finali, 1983 ...... 857 Cyamon Gray, 1867 ...... 498 Dendrilla Lendenfeld, 1883 ...... 1070 Cyamoninae subfam. nov. (Hooper) ...... 498 Dendroceratida Minchin, 1900 ...... 1067 Cyathelia Schmidt, 1880 ...... 1355 Dendrocia Hallmann, 1920 ...... 442 [Cyathiscus] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1703 Dendropsis Ridley & Dendy, 1886 ...... 763 Cyathocricus Debrenne, 1969 ...... 1567 [Dendrospongia] Hyatt, 1875 ...... 1084, 1350 Cyathophycus Walcott, 1879 ...... 1213 [Dendrospongia] Murie, 1877 ...... 1350 Cyclocnema Schrammen, 1910 ...... 399 Dendroxea Griessinger, 1971 ...... 857 Cyclocyathella Vologdin, 1960 ...... 1569 Dendya Bidder, 1898 ...... 1145 Cyclostigma Schrammen ...... 1381 Deningeria Wilckens, 1937 ...... 1522 Cydonium Fleming, 1828 ...... 138 Deningeriidae Boiko in Boiko et ai., 1991 ...... 1521 Cyliconema; Levi, 1964 ...... 1240 Densa de Laubenfels, 1934 ...... 916 Cylindrophyma Zittel, 1878 ...... 394 Densocyathidae Vologdin, 1937 ...... 1564 Cylindrophymatidae de Laubenfels, 1955 ...... 394 Densocyathus Vologdin, 1937 ...... 1564 Cylindrophymidae Schrammen, 1937 ...... 394 Dentatocoscinus A Zhuravlev, 1988 ...... 1620 Cymbastela Hooper & Bergquist, 1992 ...... 731 Dentatocyathus Okuneva, 1972 ...... 1560 Cypellia Pomel, 1872 ...... 1220 Dercitancorina Topsent, 1902 ...... 155 Cypelliidae Schrammen, 1937 ...... 1220 Dercitopsis Dendy, 1905 ...... 80 Cyrtaulon Schulze, 1886 ...... 1343 Dercitus Gray, 1867 ...... 151 Cystauletes King, 1943 ...... 1522 Dermatreton Jenkin, 1908 ...... 1170 Cystauletidae Belyaeva, 1991 ...... 1521 Desmacella Schmidt, 1870 ...... 644,665 Cystispongia Roemer, 1864 ...... 1222, 1380 Desmacellidae Ridley & Dendy, 1886 ...... 634, 642 Cystispongia sensu Schmidt, 1880 ...... 1379 Desmacellina Ridley & Dendy, 1886 ...... 642 Cystospongia Wu, 1991 ...... 1522 Desmacellinae; Ridley & Dendy, 1887 ...... 642 Cystothalamia Girty, 1908 ...... 1522 Desmacididae Schmidt, 1870 ...... 520, 572 Cystothalamiidae Girty, 1908 ...... 1519 Desmacidinae; Schmidt, 1870 ...... 572 Cytoracea Pomel, 1872 ...... 398 Desmacidon Bowerbank, 1861 ...... 573 Cytoraceidae Schrammen, 1924 ...... 397 Desmacidonidae Gray, 1872 ...... 572 [Dactylella] Gray, 1873 ...... 96,777 Desmacidontidae; de Laubenfels, 1955 ...... 572 [Dactylella] Thiele, 1898 ...... 777 Desmacodes Schmidt, 1870 ...... 1701 Dactylia Carter, 1885 ...... 847 Desmanthidae Topsent, 1894 ...... 300, 356 Dactylites Finks, 1960 ...... 389 Desmanthus Topsent, 1894 ...... 357 Dactylocalycidae Gray, 1867 ...... 1281, 1293 Desmapsamma Burton, 1934 ...... 574 Dactylocalyx sensu Bowerbank, 1869 ...... 377 Desmascula de Laubenfels, 1950 ...... 361 Dactylocalyx Stutchbury, 1841 ...... 1296 Desmatiderma Topsent, 1928 ...... 653 Dactylochalina Lendenfeld, 1886 ...... 836 Desmoderma Schrammen, 1937 ...... 1221 Dactylospongia Bergquist, 1965 ...... 1037 Desmophorida Levi, 1973 ...... 300 Dactylotidae Schrammen, 1924 ...... 401 Desmoxya Hallmann, 1917 ...... 763 Dactylotus Schrammen, 1910 ...... 401 Desmoxyidae Hallmann, 1917 ...... 721,755 Daedalopelta Sollas, 1888 ...... 346 Desmoxyidae; Bergquist, 1970 ...... 755 Daedalopeltidae de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 344 Desmoxyinae Hallmann, 1917 ...... 755 Dailycyathus Debrenne, 1970 ...... 1564 Devonoscyphia Reitschel, 1968 ...... 392 Damiria Keller, 1891 ...... 420 Diacarnus Burton, 1934 ...... 699,708 Damiriana de Laubenfels, 1950 ...... 540 Diactinolopha Sara, 1960 ...... 78 Damiriella Burton, 1935 ...... 540 Diagonialla Rauff, 1894 ...... 1212 Damirina Burton, 1959 ...... 430 [Dialytina] Rauff, 1893-1894 ...... 1118 Damiriopsis Burton, 1928 ...... 603 Diapleura Ijima, 1927 ...... 1222, 1383 Damo Gray, 1867 ...... 1702 Diap1euridae Ijima, 1927 ...... 1222, 1377, 1383 Damonilla de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 564 Diaretula Schmidt, 1879 ...... 1357 Damoseni de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 447 Diastra Row, 1911 ...... 114 Index of Higher Taxa to Volumes 1 and 2 xxix

Dicranoc1adina Schrammen, 1924 ...... 106 Dragmacidon Hallmann, 1917 ...... 734 Dicranoclonella Schrammen, 1937 ...... 394 Dragmastra Sollas, 1888 ...... 110 Dictyaulus Schulze, 1895 ...... 1418 Dragmatella Ha11mann, 1917 ...... 645 Dictyocalyx Schulze, 1886 ...... 1420 Dragmatyle Topsent, 1904 ...... 488 Dictyoceratida Minchin, 1900 ...... '" ...... '" ...... '" ... 1021 Dragmaxia Hallmann, 1916 ...... 735 Dictyoceratina Minchin, 1900 ...... 1021 Druinella Lendenfeld, 1889 ...... 1086 Dictyociona Topsent, 1913 ...... 437 Druinellidae Lendenfeld, 1889 ...... 1086 Dictyoclathria Topsent, 1920 ...... 456 Drulia Gray, 1867 ...... 994 Dictyocoelia Ott, 1967 ...... 1522 Dunhillia Rigby & Webby, 1988 ...... , 389 Dictyocyathidae Taylor, 1910 ...... 1659 [Dunstervillia] Bowerbank, 1845 ...... 1703 Dictyocyathoidea Taylor, 1910 ...... 1659 Duosclera Reiswig & Ricciardi, 1993 ...... 935 Dictyocyathus Bornemann, 1891 ...... 1659 Dupliporocyathus Yazmir, 1975 ...... 1608 Dictyocylindrus Bowerbank, 1862 ...... 475 Duriella Row, 1911 ...... 1030 Dictyodendrilla Bergquist, 1980 ...... '" ... 1073 [Duseidea] Delage, 1899 ...... 1062 Dictyodendrillidae Bergquist, 1980 ...... , ...... ,. 1072 [Duseideia] Johnston, 1842 ...... 1062 Dictyofavidae Debenne & A. Zhuravleva, 1992 ...... 1679 [Dyctioclathria] Ferrer-Hernandez, 1921 ...... 456 Dictyofavina Debrenne, 1991 ...... '" ...... ,...... 1678 Dymnus Gray, 1867 ...... 1702 Dictyofavoidea Debenne & A. Zhuravleva, 1992 ...... 1679 Dyscliona Kirkpatrick, 1900 ...... 285 DictyoJavus Gravestock, 1984 ...... 1679 [Dyseideia] Lieberkiihn, 1859 ...... 1062 Dictyonella Schmidt, 1868 ...... 775 Dysidea Johnston, 1842 ...... 1062 Dictyonellidae Van Soest, Diaz & Pomponi, 1990 ...... 723,773 Dysideidae Gray, 1867 ...... 1021, 1061 Dictyonina Zittel, 1877 ...... 1201 Dysideopsis Lendenfeld, 1888 ...... 1030 Dictyospongia Hall & Clarke, 1898 ...... 1212 [Dysidia] Agassiz, 1846 ...... 1062 Dictyospongiidae Hall, 1884 ...... 1212 Dysidicinia Lendenfeld, 1889 ...... 1024 Dictyosycon Zhuravleva, 1960 ...... 1665 [Dyssicarium] Delage, 1899 ...... 1703 Didiscus Dendy, 1922 ...... 708,758 [Dyssycaltella] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Didymocyathus Debrenne & Rozanov, 1972 ...... 1615 [Dyssycaltus] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Diotricheum van Kempen, 1989 ...... 389 [Dyssycandrella] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Diplacodium Schmidt, 1880 ...... 1296 [Dyssycandrium] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Diplastrella Topsent, 1918 ...... 221 [Dyssycandrus] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Diplocyathellus Debrenne, 1977 ...... 1615 [Dyssycarium] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Diplodemia Bowerbank, 1864 ...... 863 [Dyssycettus] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 [Dirrhopalum] Ridley, in Ridley & Duncan, 1881 ...... 457 [Dyssycillus] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Discodermia du Bocage, 1869 ...... 328 [Dyssyconella] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1704 Discodermiidae; Schrammen, 1924 ...... 327 [Dyssycortus] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Discoderminae Schrammen, 1910 ...... 327 [Dyssyculmus] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Discorhabdella Dendy, 1924 ...... 551 [Dyssycum] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1704 Discosiphonella Inai, 1936 ...... 1522 [Dyssycyssus] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 [Distomus] Oken, 1815 ...... 1702 [Ebnerella] Breitfuss, 1896 ...... 1171 Disyringa Sollas, 1888 ...... 116 Echinaxia Hallmann, 1916 ...... 475 Ditela Schmidt, 1862 ...... 1052 Echinochalina (Echinochalina) Thiele, 1903 ...... 449 [Djeddea] (Miklucho-Maclay, MS) Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1703 Echinochalina (Protophlitaspongia) Burton, 1934 ...... 450 Docoderma Finks, 1960 ...... 1214 Echinochalina Thiele, 1903 ...... 449 Docodermatidae Finks, 1960 ...... 1214 Echinoclathria Carter, 1885 ...... 461 Doconesthes Topsent, 1928 ...... 1496 [Echinoclathria] Carter, 1884 ...... 461 Docosaccus Topsent, 1910 ...... 1395 Echinodictyinae subfam. nov. (Hooper) ...... 506 Dokidocyathella Zhuravleva, 1960 ...... 1554 Echinodictyum Ridley, 1881 ...... 506 Dokidocyathellidae Debrenne, 1964 ...... 1553 [Echinonema] Carter, 1875 ...... 447 Dokidocyathidae R Bedford & WR Bedford, 1936 ...... 1552 Echinoplocamia Burton, 1959 ...... '" ...... 457 Dokidocyathina Vologdin, 1957 ...... 1552 Echinospongia Gray, 1870 ...... 187 Dokidocyathoidea R Bedford & WR Bedford ,1936 ...... 1552 [Echinospongia] Brien, 1974 ...... 1004 Dokidocyathus Taylor, 1910 ...... 1552 Echinospongilla nom. nov. (Manconi & Pronzato) ...... 1004 Dolichacantha Hentschel, 1914 ...... 420 Echinostylinos Topsent, 1927 ...... 621 Donatia Nardo, 1833 ...... 248 Ecionemia Bowerbank, 1862 ...... '" .... 118 Donatiadae Gray, 1872 ...... 245 EctoJorcepia Cabioch, 1968 ...... 532 Donatiadae; Carter, 1875 ...... 169 Ectyobatzella Burton & Rao, 1932 ...... 553 Donatiidae; Baer, 1906 ...... 245 Ectyodesmia Topsent, 1928 ...... 580 Donotella de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 289 Ectyodoryx Lundbeck, 1909 ...... 540 [Dorvilia] Pocta, 1883 ...... 156 Ectyomyxilla Hentschel, 1914 ...... '" ...... 609 Dorvillia Kent, 1870 ...... 156 Ectyon Gray, 1867 ...... 819 Doryderma Zittel, 1878 ...... '" ...... 395 Ectyonancora Levi, 1963 ...... 603 Dorydermidae Schrammen, 1924 ...... 395 Ectyonida Carter, 1875 ...... 819 Dorypleres Sollas, 1888 ...... 110 Ectyonidae Carter, 1875 ...... 819 Dosilia Gray, 1867 ...... 933 Ectyonilla Ferrer-Hernandez, 1914 ...... 96 Dotona Carter, 1880 ...... 285 Ectyonillidae Ferrer-Hernandez, 1914 ...... 85 Dotonella Dendy, 1924 ...... 272 Ectyonopsis Carter, 1883 ...... 603 Dracolychnos X. Wu & Xiao, 1989 ...... 1532 Ectyoplasia Topsent, 1930 ...... 483 xxx Index of Higher Taxa to Volumes 1 and 2

Ectyostylopus Topsent, 1928 ...... " ...... " ...... " ..... " ...... 580 Eurete (Gymnorete); Reid, 1963 """ .. "" .. "" .. "" .. "" .. "" .. "" .. """",, .. 1309 Eiffelia Walcott, 1920 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 1117,1124 Eurete (Heterorete); Reid, 1963 """ .. """" .. """"",, .... ,,",," .. "",,"",, 1311 Eiffeliidae Rigby, 1986 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 1123 Eurete Semper, 1868 """"""""""" .... """"""" .. ,, .. ,, .. ,,",, .... ,,. 1216,1308 Eilhardia Polejaeff, 1883 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""'" 1195 Euretidae Zittel, 1877 .. " .. "" .. """"" .... " .. "" .. "" .. "",, .. ,, 1216, 1281, 1301 Ellesmerospongia Rigby, 1970 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 392 Euretinae; Reid, 1958 .. "" .. " .. " .. "",, .. ,,""""""""""""""""""""""" 1303 Emplocus Gray, 1867 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""'" 609 Euricinia Lendenfeld, 1889 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""". 1023 Endectyon (Endectyon) Topsent, 1920 """""""""""""""""""" .. ",," 485 [Euryades) Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 """"""""" .. "" .. ,,"""" 1075 Endectyon (Hemectyon) Topsent, 1920 """"""""""""""""""""""'" 485 Euryphylla Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 """"" .. ,,"""""""""""" 175 Endectyon Topsent, 1920 .. """,,"""""""""""""""""""""""""""",,. 483 Euryphylle Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 """"""""""""""""""" 175 Endorete Topsent, 1928 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""". 1306 Euryplegma Schulze, 1886 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 1364 Ensiferites Reimann, 1945 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""". 1131 Euryplegmatidae de Laubenfels, 1955 """" .. """""""""""""""""" 1362 Eochaunactis Rigby & Dixon, 1979 """"""""""""""""""""""""". 390 Eurypon Gray, 1867 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""'" 488 Epallax Sollas, 1888 """"""""""",, .. ,,""",, .. ,,"""""""""""""""""" 189 Euryponidae Topsent, 1928 """""""""""""""""""" .. " .. """",, .. ,,",,. 469 Ephydatia Lamouroux, 1816 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""".,," 937 Eurysiphonella Haas, 1909 " .... " .. """" .. """""" .... "" .. """ .. ,, .. ,,,, ...... 1522 Epicles Gray, 1867 """""""" .. """""""""""""""""""""" .. ,,""""",,. 488 Euryspongia Row, 1911 .. " .. " .. "" .... " .. " .. """ .... " .... " ...... """ .. " .. ,, 1064 Epipolasida sensu de Laubenfels, 1936 """"""""""""""""""""""". 105 Euspongia Bronn, 1859 ...... """ .. " .. """ .. "".... "" .. " .. " .... "" .. ,, ...... 1052 [Epipolasidae) Sollas, 1888 """""""""""""""""""""""""""". 106, 108 Euspongilla Vejdovsky, 1888 " .. " .... """" ...... "" .. " .. "" .... " .. ",, ...... 926 Epipolasis de Laubenfels, 1936 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""". 798 Eustrobilus Schrammen, 1910 " .... """ .. " ...... " .. " .. """ .. " .. ",, ...... ,,",, ... 402 [Epiptrum) Oken, 1815 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 1702 [Euthymus) Gray, 1867 """"""""" .. "" .. """"" .... """" .. ",, .. ,,",, .. ,,"" 1701 Epistomella Zittel, 1878 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 398 Euzkadiella Reitner, 1987 """"""".. " .... """ .... """ .. "" .. ,,""""",, .. ,,",, .. 60 Erbocyathidae Vologdin & Zhuravleva, 1956 """""""""""""""""" 1586 Evenor Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 " .. "" .. " .... " .. " .. " .. """ .. " .. ,, 1702 Erbocyathoidea Vologdin & Zhuravleva, 1956 "" .. "",, .. ,,""""""""" 1585 Evomerula de Laubenfels, 1936 "" .. "" .. """""""""" .... "" .. """",, .. ,, .. 667 Erbocyathus Zhurav1eva, 1950 " .. ,,"""""""""""""""""""""""""" 1586 Exanthesis Regnard, 1926 .. " .. "" .... """""" ...... " .... """" .. ",, .. ,,""",,. 1223 Eremitacyathidae Debrenne, 1992 """" .. """""""""""""" .. ,,"""",,. 1654 Exaxinata de Laubenfels, 1936 " .. """ ...... "" .. " .. " ...... " .. " .. "" .. ,, ... 640 [Eremitacyathidae) Zamarrefio & Debrenne, 1977 """"""""""""'" 1654 Exodictya Moret, 1926 .. " .... """""""""" .. " .. """,, .. ",,,,",,",, .. """""" 396 Eremitacyathus Zamarrefio & Debrenne, 1977 """""""""""""""". 1654 Fallocyathidae Rozanov, 1969 " .. """""" .... "" .... """ .. " .. " .. ,,,,,, ...... 1601 Erineum Schrammen, 1937 """"""""""""""""""""""" .. """"""". 1219 Fallocyathus Rozanov, 1969 """" .. " .... """ .. "" .. """ .. """",,,, .. ,,",, .. ,, 1601 Erismacoscinina Debrenne et al., 1989 """""""""""""""""""""". 1615 Fangophilina Schmidt, 1880 "" .. """""".... "" .... """"""",,",, .. ,, .... ",,,,. 94 [Erismacoscinina) A. Zhuravlev, 1988 """"""""""""""""""""""" 1615 Fania Senowbari-Daryan, 1990 " .... " .. " ...... " ...... """" .. " .. "" .... " .. ,,. 1522 Erismacoscinus Debrenne, 1958 """"""""""""" .. """""" .... ,,""",,. 1617 Fansycyathus Korshunov & Rozanov, 1969 """" .... """""""" .. " .. ,," 1603 Erugatocyathus Debrenne, 1969 """"" .. """""""""""""""""" .. ",,. 1615 Fanthalamia Senowbari-Daryan & Engeser, 1996 .. " .. " .. """"",, .. ,," 1522 Erugatocyathus; Debrenne, 1970 "" .. """"""""""""" .... """""",,.,,. 1625 Farrea Bowerbank, 1862 """"" .... """" .. """.... "" .. ,,"",, .. ,,"""""",,. 1336 Erylidae Lendenfeld, 1910 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 134 Farreadae Gray, 1872 """"" .. " .. """ .... " .. """"""",, .. ,,""""",,. 1281, 1332 Erylus Gray, 1867 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 135 Farreidae; Schulze, 1885 .. """"""" .. """"""",, .... ,,""",, .. ,," .. """",,. 1332 Esperella Vosmaer, 1887 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""". 674 Fascaplysinopsis Bergquist, 1980 """"""""""""""""" .. """",, .. ,,,,. 1039 Esperellinae Ridley & Dendy, 1887 """"""" .. "",, .. ,,""""""""""""" 669 Fasciospongia Burton, 1934 """""""""""""""""""""""""" .. "."". 1036 [Esperia) Nardo, 1833 """"""""""""""""""""" .. """"""""""""",,. 669 Fasubera de Laubenfels, 1936 " .. " .. """".. """""""" .. "" .. ,,""",, .. ,, ..... 553 Esperiadae Gray, 1867 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""". 669 Favilynthidae Debrenne, 1989 """"""" .. " .. " .. """""""" .. """ .. " .. ,,,,. 1551 [Esperiella) Vosmaer, 1887 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""".,," 669 [Favilynthidae) Debrenne, 1974 .. " .. """ .. " .... """ .. " .. " .. ,,""",, .. ,, .. ,," 1551 Esperiopsidae Hentschel, 1923 """""",,""""""""""""""""""" 634,656 Favilynthus Debrenne, 1974 " .... "" .... """""""""" .. "" .. " .. ,,"",, .. ,,"" 1552 Esperiopsis Carter, 1882 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 659 Feifelia Schrammen, 1937 "".... "" .. """" .. " .. """" .. " .... ,,"""",, .. ,,",,. 1216 Ethmocoscinidae Zhuravleva, 1957 """"""""""""""""""" .. """",,. 1628 Fenestraspongia Bergquist, 1980 .. """ .... ,,"""""",,",,",,",, .. ,,"",,"" 1039 Ethmocoscinoidea Zhuravleva, 1957 """"""""""""""""" .... """",,. 1627 Fenestrocyathus Handfield, 1971 """"""""""" .. """"""""""""",, .. 1663 Ethmocoscinus Simon, 1939 """"" .. """"""""" .. """" .... """,,,,",, ... 1628 Fenestrospongia Rigby & Webby, 1988 "" .. "" .. """"""""".. " .. " .. """ 392 Ethmocyathidae Debrenne, 1969 """"""""""""""""""""""""""'" 1573 Ferrerhernandezia de Laubenfels, 1936 """"""""""""""""""""""" 576 Ethmocyathus R Bedford & WR Bedford, 1934 """"""""""""""". 1573 Fibrocoelia van Kempen, 1978 " .. """"".. " .. "" .. "".. """ .. ,,""",, .. ,,",,. 389 Ethmophyllidae Okulitch, 1937 """"" .. """""",,,,"",,,,"",,"""""",,. 1607 [Fibularial sensu Carter, 1882 """"" .. """""""""" .... """""" .. ,,,, .. ,,,,. 648 Ethmophylloidea Okulitch, 1937 """" .. """""""""""""""""""""". 1600 Fibulia Carter, 1886 " .. """""""""""" .. " .. "" .. """" .. """""""",, .. ,,",,. 569 Ethmophyllum Meek, 1868 """"",,""",,"""""""""""""""""""""" 1607 Ficulina Gray, 1867 " .... """"""""" .. "" .. """.. """""" .. ,, .. ,,""",, .. ,,",,. 240 Euastrophorida Reid, 1963 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 106 Fieldingia Kent, 1870 """"""""" .. """" .. """ .. "" .. " .. " .. " .. " .. ,,",, .. ,, .. 1358 Euastrosa Sollas, 1886 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""" .. "". 106, 108 Filifera Lieberktihn, 1859 """" .... """""""""""".. """",, .. ,,"",, .. ,,"" 1023 Euceratosa Dendy, 1905 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 1021 Finksella Rigby & Dixon, 1979 "" .. """"""""" .. """""""" .. ,,"",,.,, ... 390 Euchalina Lendenfeld, 1887 """",,"",,""",,""",,""",,"""""""""",,. 838 Fisherispongia de Laubenfels, 1936 .. "" .. "" .. """"""" .... ,,""""""",,. 440 Euchalinopsis Lendenfeld, 1887 """""""""""""""""""" .. """"""". 863 [Fistula) Oken, 1815 "" .. """""""""""""""""""" .. " .. """"""""" .. " 1701 Euchelipluma Topsent, 1909 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""". 653 Fistularia Bowerbank, 1844 """"" .. """"""",, .. ,,""""""""""""""" 1083 [Eudictym) Schulze, 1887 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""",,",," 1701 Fistulispongia Termier & Termier, 1977 " .... " .. " .. " .. "" .. """"...... ",,. 1522 Eudictyon Marshall, 1875 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""". 1415 Fistulispongiidae Termier & Termier in Termier et al., 1977 "" .. " .. " 1521 Eudictyum Schulze, 1886 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 1415 Fistulospongia Rigby, 1986 " .. """"".. """" ...... " .. """""""""".. ,,,,",,. 389 Euhyalonema Levi, 1964 """"""""""""""""""" .. ,,"""""""""""". 1234 Flexanulus Debrenne, 1975 "" .. """"" .. """""""""" .. "" .. ,, ...... ,,",,. 1603 Eumastia Schmidt, 1870 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 805 Foliolina Schmidt, 1870 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 897 Eunapius Gray, 1867 """""""" .. """"" .. " .... """ .. """ .. " .. ,,,,",,",,",,,,. 940 Folitispa de Laubenfels, 1936 """"""""""""" .. """"" .. ,,""""""",, ... 553 Euplacella Lendenfeld, 1887 """""""" .. """""""""""""""""""""". 843 Fonteia Gray, 1867 """""""" .. " .. " .... """""""" .... """" .. " .. ,,""",, .. ,, .. 414 Euplectella Owen, 1841 """""" .. """""""" .. """ .. """" .. "" .. """"" .. 1391 Forcepia (Forcepia) Carter, 1874 "".. """ .. ,,"""",, .. ,,""""""""""""" 533 [Euplectelladea) Gray, 1867 " .. """" .. """""""" .. " .. """ .. ,,"",, .. ,,",, .. 1388 Forcepia (Leptolabis) Topsent, 1901 " .. """""""""""" .. "" .. ,,""",, ..... 536 Euplectellaria Schrammen, 1903 """"" .. """ .. " .. "" .. """""",, .. ,,"",,. 1387 Forcepia Carter, 1874 "" .. """"""" .. """""" .. "".. """"""" .. """""""" 532 Euplectellidae Gray, 1867 " .. """" .. """ .... " .. """ .. " .. ",, .. "",,""",,",,. 1387 Forcepina Vosmaer, 1887 """" .. """""""""" .. """,, .. ,, .... ,,""""""""" 532 Euplectellinae; Schulze, 1886 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""'" 1389 Forcipina Vosmaer, 1885 """""""""""""""""""" .... """"""""""",,. 532 Index of Higher Taxa to Volumes 1 and 2 xxxi

Formosocyathus Vologdin, 1940 ...... 1579 Grella de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 557 Fragilicyathidae Belyaeva 1975 ...... 1686 Griphodictya Hall & Clarke, 1898 ...... 1212 Fragilicyathoidea Belyaeva, 1975 ...... 1685 Guadalupia Girty, 1908 ...... 1522 Fragilicyathus Belyaeva, 1969 ...... 1686 Guadalupiida Termier & Termier in Termier et al., 1977 ...... 1521 Fransuasaecyathidae Debrenne, 1964 ...... 1645 Guadalupiidae Girty, 1908 ...... '" 1521 Fransuasaecyathus Zhuravleva, 1960 ...... 1645 Guancha Miklucho-Maclay, 1868 ...... 1143 Frinalicyathus Debrenne et aI., 1974 ...... 1575 Guettardia Michelin, 1847 ...... 1219 Fusifer Dendy, 1896 ...... 416 Guitarra Carter, 1874 ...... 654 Gabrielsocyathus Debrenne, 1964 ...... 1671 Guitarreae Dendy, 1924 ...... 651 Gagarinicyathidae Debrenne et aI., 1989 ...... 1600 Guitarridae Dendy, 1924 ...... 651 Gagarinicyathus Zhuravleva, 1968 ...... 1600 Gumbycyathus Kruse, 1982 ...... '" ...... 1587 Gallinaecyathus Konyushkov, 1964 ...... 1638 [Gumminal Schmidt, 1862 ...... 292 Gapoda de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 180 [Gummineae] Schmidt, 1862 ...... 291 Garraspongia Picket & Rigby, 1983 ...... 392 [Gumminidae] Schmidt, 1862 ...... 291 Gastrophanella Schmidt, 1879 ...... 338 [Gymnodictyum] Ijima, 1927 ...... 1302 Gastrophanellidae de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 338 Gymnorete Ijima, 1927 ...... 1309 Gatagacyathidae Debrenne &A Zhuravlev, 1992 ...... 1681 Gymnorossella Topsent, 1916 ...... 1444 Gatagacyathoidea Debrenne & A Zhuravlev, 1992 ...... 1681 Haastia Lendenfeld, 1888 ...... 1062 Gatagacyathus Debrenne & A Zhurav1ev, 1992 ...... 1681 Habrodictyon Thomson, 1868 ...... 1415 [Geelongia] Carter, 1885 ...... 1032 Haddonella Sollas, 1903 ...... 1090 Gelliadeae Gray, 1872 ...... 852 Hadromerida Topsent, 1894 ...... 169 Gelliidae Ridley, 1884 ...... 852 Hadromerida; de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 169 Gelliinae; Ridley & Dendy, 1887 ...... 852 Hadromerida; Topsent, 1928 ...... '" 53, 169 Gelliodes Ridley, 1884 ...... 880 Hadromerina Topsent, 1894 ...... 169 Gellius Gray, 1867 ...... 859 Halichoclona de Laubenfels, 1932 ...... 862 Geniculicyathus Debrenne, 1960 ...... 1635 HaUchondria (Eumastia) Schmidt, 1870 ...... 806 Geocyathidae Debrenne, 1964 ...... 1592 HaUchondria (Halichondria) Heming, 1828 ...... 799 Geocyathus Zhuravleva, 1960 ...... 1592 HaUchondria Heming, 1828 ...... 799 Geodia Lamarck, 1815 ...... 138 Halichondriadae Gray, 1867 ...... 721,787 Geodia sensu Sollas, 1888 '" ...... '" 136 Halichondrida Vosmaer, 1887 ...... 721 Geodiadae Gray, 1867 ...... 134 Halichondrida; Levi, 1973 ...... 722 Geodiidae Gray, 1867 ...... 54,105,134,1521 Halichondridae; Vosmaer, 1887 ...... 787 Geodinella Lendenfeld, 1903 ...... 138 Halichondrides Levi, 1953 ...... 721 Geodinidae; Schmidt, 1870 ...... 134 Halichondriella Burton, 1931 ...... 799 Geodistrongyla Hoshino, 1981 ...... 138 Halichondriida; Wiedenmayer, 1977 ...... 721 Gerbicanicyathus Belyaeva, 1969 ...... 1642 Halichondriidae Gray, 1867 ...... 53,721,787 Geyericoscinidae Debrenne & A Zhuravlev, 2000 ...... 1629 Halichondriidae; de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 787 Geyericoscinus Debrenne & A Zhuravlev, 2000 ...... 1630 Halichondrina Vosmaer, 1887 ...... 721 Gigantothalamiidae Senowbari-Daryan, 1994 ...... 1521 Halichondrites Dawson, 1889 ...... 55 Gignouxiidae de Laubenfels, 1955 ...... 312 Halichondritidae Rigby, 1986 ...... 55 [Gilchristia] Burton, 1928 ...... 234 Haliclona (Gellius) Gray, 1867 ...... 859 Girphanovellidae Debrenne et al., 1971 ...... 1122 Haliclona (Halichoclona) de Laubenfels, 1932 ...... 862 Girtycoelia King, 1932 ...... 1522 Haliclona (Haliclona) Grant, 1836 ...... 863 Girtyocoelia Girty, 1908 ...... 1522 Haliclona (Reniera) Schmidt, 1862 ...... 867 Gleesonia Rigby & Webby, 1988 ...... 389 Haliclona (Rhizoniera) Griessinger, 1971 ...... 871 Globosocyathidae Okuneva, 1969 ...... 1551 Haliclona (Soestella) De Weerdt, 2000 ...... 871 [Globulospongillidae]; Racek, 1974 ...... 975 Haliclona Grant, 1836 ...... 858 [Globulospongillinael Brien, 1973 ...... 923 Haliclonidae de Laubenfels, 1932 ...... 852 Glomocystospongiidae Rigby, Fan & Zhang, 1989 ...... 1519 Haliclonissa Burton, 1932 ...... 882 Gloriosocyathidae Rozanov, 1969 ...... 1601 Halicnemia Bowerbank, 1864 ...... 759 Gloriosocyathus Rozanov, 1969 ...... 1601 HaUcometes sensu de Laubenfels, 1950 ...... 266 Gnaltacyathus Kruse, 1982 ...... 1575 Halicometes Topsent, 1898 ...... 253 Gomphostegia Topsent, 1896 ...... 670 Halina Blainville, 1830 ...... 800 Gondekia Rigby, 1991 ...... '" ...... 1126 [Halina) Bowerbank, 1858 ...... 151 Gordonicyathus Zhuravleva 1959 ...... 1570 Halinastra de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 155 Gortionifungia Rozanov, 1964 ...... 1570 Halinidae de Laubenfels, 1934 ...... 141 Goreauiella Hartman, 1969 ...... 828 Halisarca Johnston, 1842 ...... 1078 Grantessa Lendenfeld, 1885 ...... 1176 Halisarcida Bergquist, 1996 ...... 1077 Grantia Heming, 1828 ...... '" ...... 1117, 1163 Halisarcidae Vosmaer, 1885 ...... 1078 Grantiidae Dendy, 1892 ...... , ...... 1163 Halisarcinae Schmidt, 1862 ...... 1078 Grantilla Row, 1909 ...... 1175 [Halispongial Bowerbank, 1872 ...... 1035 Grantiopsis Dendy, 1892 ...... 1183 Halistella Sara, 1958 ...... 191 GrapeUa Gray, 1867 .... , ...... '" ..... 680 Hallirhoa Lamouroux, 1821 ...... 399 Graphoscyphia Debrenne, 1974 ...... 1661 Hallmannia; Burton, 1930 ...... 513 Gravestockia Reimer, 1992 ...... ,...... 1117 [Hallmannial Burton, 1931 ...... 513 Grayax de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 585 [Halme] Lendenfeld, 1885 ...... 452 Grayella Carter, 1869 ...... 557 Halmopsis Lendenfeld, 1886 ...... 1062 xxxii Index of Higher Taxa to Volumes 1 and 2

[Halyphysema] Bowerbank, 1864 ...... 1702 Hiattrochota de Laubenfels, 1950 ...... 598 Hamacantha (Hamacantha) Gray, 1867 ...... 665 Higginsia Higgin, 1877 ...... 763 Hamacantha (Vomerula) Schmidt, 1880 ...... 665 Higginsiinae de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 755 Hamacantha Gray, 1867 ...... 665 Hiltonus de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 536 Hamacanthidae Gray, 1872 ...... 634,665 Hindia Duncan, 1879 ...... 392 Hamigera Gray, 1867 ...... 578 Hindiidae Rauff, 1893 ...... 392 Haplistiidae de Laubenfels, 1955 ...... 391 Hintzespongia Rigby & Gutschick, 1976 ...... 1213 Haplistion Young & Young, 1877 ...... 391 Hintzespongiidae Finks, 1983 ...... 1213 Haplistionella Rigby & Dixon, 1979 ...... 390 [Hippiospongia] de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 1055 Haplosclerida Topsent, 1928 ...... 832 [Hippograntia] Breitfuss, 1898 ...... 1704 Haplosclerida; de Laubenfels, 1955 ...... 831 Hippospongia Schulze, 1879 ...... 1055 Haplosc1erina Topsent, 1928 ...... 832 Hircinella Lendenfeld, 1889 ...... 1023 Hardwickia (Valenciennes MS) Topsent, 1907 ...... 1701 Hircinia Nardo, 1834 ...... 1023 Hastatus Vosmaer, 1880 ...... 609 Hirciniadae Gray, 1867 ...... 1022 Heckericyathus Zhuravleva, 1960 ...... 1582 Hircinidae; Lendenfeld, 1886 ...... 1022 Heliospongiidae Finks, 1960 ...... 906 Hispidopetra Hartman, 1969 ...... 60, 828 Helomorina Schrammen, 1937 ...... 390 Histioderma Carter, 1886 ...... 529 Helomorinidae Schrammen, 1910 ...... 374,395 [Histoderma] Carter, 1874 ...... 529 Helomorinides Moret, 1926 ...... 374,395 Histodermella Lundbeck, 1910 ...... 536 Helophloeina Topsent, 1928 ...... 637 Histodermion Topsent, 1927 ...... 529 Heloraphinia Schrammen, 1937 ...... 395 Histodermopsis de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 430 Hemectyon Topsent, 1920 ...... 485 [Holascella] Lendenfeld, 1915 ...... 1396 Hemectyonilla Burton, 1959 ...... 480 Holascinae Schulze, 1886 ...... 1389 Hemiasterella Carter, 1879 ...... 189 Holascus Schulze, 1886 ...... 1396 Hemiasterellidae Lendenfeld, 1889 ...... 171, 186 Holoplocamia de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 457 Hemigellius Burton, 1932 ...... 882 Holopsamma Carter, 1885 ...... 452 Hemihaliclona Burton, 1937 ...... 875 Holorodesmia Topsent, 1928 ...... 441 Hemimyca/e Burton, 1934 ...... 578 Holoxea Topsent, 1892 ...... 125 Hemitedania Hallmann, 1914 ...... 626 Holtenia Schmidt, 1870 ...... 1488 Hemitedania sensu Van Soest, 1984 ...... 627 Homalodora Schrammen, 1910 ...... 395 Hemithalamocyathus Ting, 1937 ...... 1598 [Homandra] Lendenfeld, 1891 ...... 1147 Herceus Koltun, 1959 ...... 606 Homaxinella Topsent, 1916 ...... 230 Herengeria Levi & Levi, 1988 ...... 315 [Homocoelidae]; Dendy & Row, 1913 ...... 1159 Hernandeziana Strand, 1932 ...... 1278 [Homoderma] Lendenfeld, 1885 ...... 1704 Hertwigia Schmidt, 1880 ...... 1421 Homoeodictya Ehlers, 1870 ...... 704 Hertwigiidae Topsent, 1892 ...... 1388 Homophymia Vacelet & Vasseur, 1971 ...... 348 Heteractinellidae Hinde, 1887 ...... 1121 Homosc1eromorpha Levi, 1973 ...... 18 Heteractinida Hinde, 1887 ...... 12,1118,1121,1532 Homosc1erophorida Dendy, 1905 ...... 71 Heterectya Hallmann, 1917 ...... 480 Hoplakithara Kirkpatrick, 1907 ...... 654 Heterochone Ijima, 1927 ...... 1217, 1285 Hoplochalina Lendenfeld, 1887 ...... 781 Heteroclathria Topsent, 1904 ...... 457 Hoplophora Sollas, 1888 ...... 300 Heterocliona Verrill, 1907 ...... 181 Hormospongia Rigby & Blodgett, 1983 ...... 1118 HeterocoeUa Girty, 1908 ...... 1522 Houssayella Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1966 ...... 995 Heterocornulum Levi & Levi, 1983 ...... 417 [Hozawaia] de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 1704 Heteromeyenia Potts, 1881 ...... 942 Hudsonospongia Raymond & Okulitch, 1940 ...... 389 Heteronema Keller, 1889 ...... 1030 Hunanspongia Qian & Ding, 1988 ...... 1215 [Heteropegma] Pol6jaeff, 1884 ...... 1704 Hupecyathellidae Rozanov, 1969 ...... 1610 Heterophymia Pomel, 1872 ...... 353 Hupecyathelloidea Rozanov, 1969 ...... 1610 Heteropia Carter, 1886 ...... 1177 Hupecyathellus Rozanov, 1968 ...... 1610 Heteropiidae Dendy, 1892 ...... 1175 Hupecyathidae Debrenne et al., 1990 ...... 1639 Heterorete Dendy, 1916 ...... 1311 Hupecyathoidea Debrenne et aI., 1990 ...... 1639 Heterorotula Penney & Racek, 1968 ...... 945 Hupecyathus Debrenne, 1964 ...... 1639 Heterostinia Zittel, 1878 ...... 395 Hyalascus Ijima, 1896 ...... 1481 Heterostinidae Schrammen, 1924 ...... 395 Hyalocaulus Marshall & Meyer, 1877 ...... 1459 Heterotella Gray, 1867 ...... 1422 [Hyalochaeta] Brandt, 1859 ...... 1234 Heterothelionidae Schrammen, 1924 ...... 397 Hyalodendron Moore, 1898 ...... 1433 Heteroxya Topsent, 1898 ...... 761 Hyalonema (Corynonema) Ijima, 1927 ...... 1236 Heteroxyinae Dendy, 1905 ...... 755 Hyalonema (Coscinonema) Ijima, 1927 ...... 1238 Hexactinella Carter, 1885 ...... 1345 Hyalonema (Cyliconema) Ijima, 1927 ...... 1240 Hexactinellida Schmidt, 1870 ...... 12, 1201 Hyalonema (Euhyalonema) Ijima, 1927 ...... 1234 Hexactinellidae Schmidt, 1870 ...... 1201 Hyalonema (Leptonema) Lendenfeld, 1915 ...... 1242 Hexactinoderma Pisera & Bodzioch, 1991 ...... 1216 Hyalonema (Onconema) Ijima, 1927 ...... 1244 Hexactinosa Schrammen, 1903 ...... 1281 Hyalonema (Oonema) Lendenfeld, 1915 ...... 1246 Hexactinosida Schrammen, 1903 ...... 1202, 1216, 1281 Hyalonema (Paradisconema) Ijima, 1927 ...... 1248 Hexadella Topsent 1905 ...... 1092 Hyalonema (Phialonemiella) sUbgen.nov. Hexasterophora Schulze, 1886 ...... 1202 (Tabachnick & Menshenina) ...... 1250 Hezekia de Laubenfels, 1934 ...... 118 Hyalonema (Prionema) Lendenfeld, 1915 ...... 1250 Index of Higher Taxa to Volumes 1 and 2 xxxiii

Hyalonema (Pteronema) Ijima, 1927 ...... 1253 Inodes de Laubenfels, 1<;57 ...... 1030 Hyalonema (Thamnonemiella) subgen.nov. Inodia Moret, 1926 ...... 395 (Tabachnick & Menshenina) ...... 1255 Inozoa Steinmann, 1882 ...... 1117 Hyalonema Gray, 1832 ...... 1234 Inozoida Rigby & Senowbari-Daryan, 1996 ...... 1118 [Hyalonema (Phialonema)] Lendenfeld, 1915 ...... 1250 1nsulipora Finks, 1960 ...... 389 [Hyalonema (Thamnonema)] Ijima, 1927 ...... 1255 Intrasporeocoeliidae Fan & Zhang, 1985 ...... 1521 Hyalonemadae Gray, 1857 ...... 1232 Iophon Gray, 1867 ...... 422 Hyalonematidae Gray, 1857 ...... 1231 Iophoneae Burton, 1929 ...... 412 Hyalonematinae; Schulze, 1886 ...... 1232 Iophonidae Burton, 1929 ...... 412 [Hyalonemidae] Schulze, 1887 ...... 1232 Iophonopsis Dendy, 1924 ...... 423 Hyaloplacoida Tabachnick, 1989 ...... 1506 Iophonota de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 423 Hyalosinica Mehl & Reitner, 1993 ...... 1215 Iotaota de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 597 Hyalospongiae Claus, 1872 ...... 1201 Iotroata de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 597 Hyalostelia Zittel, 1879 ...... '" ...... 1214 Iotrochopsamma de Laubenfels, 1954 ...... 600 Hyalostylus Schulze, 1886 ...... 1408 Iotrochostyla de Laubenfels, 1954 ...... 598 Hyalothauma Herklots & Marshall, 1868 ...... 1276 Iotrochota Ridley, 1884 ...... 598 [Hyalothryx] Gray, 1867 ...... 1234 Iotrochoteae Dendy, 1922 ...... 594 Hyalotragosidae Schrammen, 1937 ...... 397 Iotrochotidae Dendy, 1922 ...... 520, 594 Hyattella Lendenfeld, 1888 ...... 1057 Iouea de Laubenfels, 1955 ...... 319 Hydnoceras Conrad, 1842 ...... 1212 Iouea sensu Levi & Levi, 1988 ...... 318 Hydriodictya Hall & Clarke, 1898 ...... 1212 Iphiteon Bowerbank, 1869 ...... 1282 Hymantho Burton, 1930 ...... 441 Iphiteon Bowerbank, 1869 ...... , ..... 1298, 1380 Hymedesanisochela Bakus, 1966 ...... 423 [Iphiteon] Bowerbank, 1858 ...... 1283 Hymedesmia (Hymedesmia) Bowerbank, 1864 ...... 580 Ircinia Nardo, 1833 ...... 1023 Hymedesmia (Stylopus) Fristedt, 1885 ...... 582 Irciniidae Gray, 1867 ...... 1021 Hymedesmia Bowerbank, 1864 ...... 580 Irciniidae; Bergquist, 1995 ...... 1022 Hymedesmiidae Topsent, 1928 ...... 520,575 I rhoudicoscinus Debrenne, 1977 ...... 1631 Hymenamphiastra de Laubenfels, 1930 ...... 576 Irinaecyathus Zhuravleva, 1974 ...... 1579 Hymenancora Lundbeck, 1910 ...... 605 [Ischyrospongia] Termier & Termier, 1974 ...... 1118 Hymendectyon Bakus, 1966 ...... 590 Isiticyathus Korshunov, 1972 ...... 1590 Hymeniacidon Bowerbank, 1859 ...... 807 Isociella Hallmann, 1920 ...... 445 Hymeniacidon sensu Bowerbank, 1866 ...... 176 Isociona Hallmann, 1920 ...... 456 Hymeniacidonidae de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 722,788 Isodictya Bowerbank, 1864 ...... 704 Hymenotrocha Burton, 1930 ...... 596 Isodictyeae Dendy, 1924 ...... 691 Hymeraphia Bowerbank, 1864 ...... 490 Isodictyidae Dendy, 1924 ...... 635,691 Hymeraphiopsis Hooper, 1991 ...... 478 Isopenectya Hallmann, 1920 ...... 460 Hymerhabdia Topsent, 1892 ...... 752 Isops Sollas, 1880 ...... 139 Hymesigmia Topsent, 1927 ...... 605 Isoraphinia Zittel, 1878 ...... 395 Hymetrochota Topsent, 1904 ...... 596 Isoraphiniadae; Schrammen, 1937 ...... 374,395 Hymoxenia Alander, 1938 ...... 580 Isoraphiniidae Schrammen, 1924 ...... 300,374,395 Hypodermalia Reid, 1958 ...... 1387 J akutocarinidae Debrenne et al., 1989 ...... 1598 Hypodictyon Jenkin, 1908 ...... 1170 lakutocarinus Zhurav1eva, 1960 ...... 1598 [Hypograntia] Carter, 1886 ...... 1704 langudacyathus Yazmir, 1975 ...... 1585 Hypsispongia de Laubenfels, 1935 ...... 667 lanulum de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 503 Hyptocyathus Kruse, 1978 ...... 1575 Japhanicyathidae Rozanov, 1989 ...... 1594 Hyrtios Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 ...... 1030 [Japhanicyathidae] Rozanov, 1973 ...... 1594 Ianthella Gray, 1869 ...... 1090 laphanicyathus Korshunov, 1969 ...... 1595 Ianthellidae Hyatt, 1875 ...... 1089 Jaspidae de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 108 Ichnodonax de Laubenfels, 1954 ...... 703 Jaspinae de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 108 Ichnusocyathus Debrenne, 1977 ...... 1617 laspis Gray, 1867 ...... 114 !damon Gray, 1867 ...... 176 lasplakina de Laubenfels, 1954 ...... 132 Igemella Topsent, 1905 ...... 1075 lawonya Kruse, 1987 ...... 1135, 1532 Ijimadictyum Meh1, 1992 ...... 1367 lazwicella Rigby & Pisera, 200 1 ...... 392 Ijimaiella gen.nov. (Tabachnick) ...... 1424 Jebileticoscinidae Debrenne et aI., 1989 ...... 1630 Iljinicyathus Zhuravleva, 1972 ...... 1561 lebileticoscinus Debrenne, 1977 ...... 1630 Imbricatocoelia Rigby et aI., 1989 ...... 1522 lelissima de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 606 Imperatoria De Gregorio, 1930 ...... 1522 lenkina Br¢ndsted, 1931 ...... 1171 Inacyathella Debrenne, 1977 ...... 1588 Jenkinidae Borojevic et al., 2000 ...... 1170 Inaecoelia Boiko, 1990 ...... 1532 lereica Zittel, 1878 ...... 398 Inaecoe1ida Boiko, 1990 ...... 1532 Jereicidae Schrammen, 1924 ...... 397 Inaecoeliidae Boiko, 1990 ...... 1532 lereicopsis Levi & Levi, 1983 ...... 352 Incurvocyathus Rozanov, 1966 ...... 1554 lereina Finks, 1960 ...... 389 Inessocyathellus Belyaeva, 1974 ...... 1576 lereomorpha Moret, 1926 ...... 402 Inessocyathus Debrenne, 1964 ...... 1577 lereopsis Pomel, 1872 ...... 398 Inflatella Schmidt, 1875 ...... 538 [lereopsis] Schmidt, 1879 ...... 369 Ingallia Gray, 1867 ...... 422 lia de Laubenfels, 1930 ...... 456 Ingentilotus de Laubenfels, 1955 ...... 401 loannella Schmidt, 1880 ...... 1298 xxxiv Index of Higher Taxa to Volumes 1 and 2

Jones de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... , ...... 540 Krasnopeevaecyathus Rozanov, 1964 ...... 1589 loyeuxia Topsent, 1892 ...... 538 Kruseicnema Debrenne et al., 1990 ...... 1685 Jugalicyathidae Gravestock, 1984 ...... 1674 Kruseicnemididae Debrenne & A Zhuravlev, 1990 ...... 1685 lugalicyathus Gravestock, 1984 ...... 1674 Kruseicnemidoidea Debrenne & A Zhuravlev, 1990 ...... 1685 lulavis de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 764 Kruseicyathus Boyarinov & Konyaeva, 1997 ...... 1600 lumarella Mehl & Ftirsich, 1997 ...... 396 Kuarrhaphis Dendy & Row, 1913 ...... 1197 Kaira de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 96 Kyarocyathus Kruse, 1982 ...... 1548 Kalastrella Kirkpatrick, 1903 ...... 189 Kymbecyathidae Debrenne et aI., 1989 ...... 1558 Kaliapsidae de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 380, 399 Kymbecyathoidea Debrenne et aI., 1989 ...... 1557 Kaliapsis Bowerbank, 1869 ...... 380 Kymbecyathus Debrenne & Kruse, 1986 ...... 1558 [Kalispongia] Wright, 1877 ...... 1702 Kyphoclonella Kolb, 1910 ...... 394 Kallispongia Wright, 1877 ...... 1702 Labacea de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 437 Kallypilidion de Laubenfels, 1954 ...... 867 Labaria Carter, 1873 ...... 1268 [Kallyspongia] de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 1702 [Labaria] Gray, 1873 ...... 90 Kalpinella Hinde, 1883 ...... 399 Labechiidae Nicholson, 1885 ...... 69 [Kaltatocyathacea] Rozanov, 1973 ...... 1556 Labisophlita de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 532 Kaltatocyathidae Rozanov, 1964 ...... 1556 Laccosiphonella Aleotti et al., 1986 ...... 1522 Kaltatocyathoidea Rozanov, 1964 ...... 1556 Ladaecyathus Zhuravleva, 1960 ...... 1586 Kaltatocyathus Rozanov, 1964 ...... 1556 Lamellodysidea gen. nov. (Cook & Bergquist) ...... 1064 Kalykenteron Lendenfeld, 1888 ...... 506 Lamellomorpha Bergquist, 1968 ...... 165 Kaneohea de Laubenfels, 1950 ...... 524 Laminospongia Pulitzer-Finali, 1983 ...... 811 Kapnesolenia de Laubenfels, 1934 ...... 123 Lamontia Kirk, 1895 ...... 1195 Kasyricyathidae Zhuravleva, 1961 ...... 1622 Landercyathus Debrenne & Gangloff, 1990 ...... 1663 Kasyricyathoidea Zhuravleva, 1961 ...... 1620 Lanicyathidae Debrenne et al., 1989 ...... 1650 Kasyricyathus Zhuravleva, 1961 ...... 1622 Lanicyathus Belyaeva, 1975 ...... 1650 Katiba de Laubenfels, 1954 ...... 853 Lanuginella Schmidt, 1870 ...... 1493 Kazachstanicyathida Konyushkov, 1967 ...... 1687 Lanuginellidae Schulze, 1897 ...... 1491 Kazachstanicyathina Konyushkov, 1967 ...... 1687 Lanuginellinae Schulze, 1897 ...... 1491 Kebira Row, 1909 ...... 1182 [Lanuginiella] Mehl, 1992 ...... 1492 Kechikacyathus Debrenne & A Zhuravlev, 1992 ...... 1679 Lanugonychia Lendenfeld, 1915 ...... 1497 [Kellericyathus] Rozanov, 1973 ...... 1570 [Laocoetidae] Mehl, 1992 ...... 1287 Kerasemna Pulitzer-Finali, 1981 ...... 670 Laocoetis Pomel, 1872 ...... 1217, 1288 Keratospongia Gray, 1867 ...... 852 Latrunculia du Bocage, 1869 ...... 713 Keratylum de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 234 Latrunculiidae Topsent, 1922 ...... 707 Keriocyathidae Debrenne & Gangloff, 1992 ...... 1681 Latrunculina subord. nov. (Kelly & Samaai) ...... 405, 707 [Keriocyathidae] Debrenne & Gangloff, in Debrenne et al., 1990 ... 1681 Laxosuberella Burton, 1930 ...... 240 Keriocyathoidea Debrenne & Gangloff, 1992 ...... 1680 Laxosuberites sensu Topsent, 1938 ...... 235 Keriocyathus Debrenne & Gangloff, 1990 ...... 1681 Laxosuberites Topsent, 1896 ...... 235 Ketosus de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 739 Laxotethya Sara & Sara, 2002 ...... 254 Khirgisocyathus Voronin, 1988 ...... 1565 Lecanella Zittel, 1878 ...... 397 [KidIjasocyathacea] Rozanov, 1973 ...... 1554 Lecanellidae Schrammen, 1937 ...... 395 Kidrjasocyathidae Rozanov, 1964 ...... 1554 Lefroyella Thomson, 1877 ...... 1313 KidIjasocyathoidea Rozanov, 1964 ...... 1554 Leiobolidium Schmidt, 1880 ...... 1234 Kidrjasocyathus Rozanov, 1960 ...... 1554 Leiocarenus Schrammen 1937 ...... 393 Kieplitela de Laubenfels, 1954 ...... 506 Leiochonia Schrammen, 1901 ...... 398 Kijacyathidae Zhuravleva, 1964 ...... 1603 Leiochonidae Schrammen, 1924 ...... 398 Kijacyathus Zhuravleva, 1959 ...... 1603 Leiodermatidae Lendenfeld, 1903 ...... 352 Kirkpatrickia Topsent, 1912 ...... 584 Leiodermatium Schmidt, 1870 ...... 353 Kisasacyathus Konyushkov, 1972 ...... 1561 Leiodorella Zittel, 1878 ...... 398 Kiwicyathus Debrenne & Kruse, 1986 ...... 1580 Leiodorellidae Schrammen, 1937 ...... 398 Kolbicyathus A Zhuravlev, 1988 ...... 1609 Leioplegma Reiswig & Tsurumi, 1996 ...... 1367 Koleostoma Regnard, 1926 ...... 1217 Leiosella Lendenfeld, 1888 ...... 1057 Konjuschkovicyathidae Debrenne & A Zhuravlev, 2000 ...... 1593 Leiospongia Gray, 1867 ...... 788 Konjuschkovicyathus Debrenne & A Zhuravlev, 2000 ...... 1594 Lelapia Gray, 1867 ...... 1184 Kordecyathacea Missarazhevskiy, 1964 ...... 1583 Lelapiella Vacelet, 1977 ...... 1155 Kordecyathidae Missarzhevskiy, 1961 ...... 1585 Lelapiellidae Borojevic et aI., 1990 ...... 1155 Kordecyathoidea Missarzhevskiy, 1961 ...... 1583 Lelapiidae Dendy & Row, 1913 ...... 1181 Kordecyathus Missarzhevskiy, 1961 ...... 1585 [LenastellaJ Missarzhevskiy, 1981 ...... 1124 Korotnewia Polejaeff, 1889 ...... 1087 [Lenculmis] Allemand, 1907 ...... 1704 Korovinella Radugin, 1960 ...... 1687 Lendenfeldia Bergquist, 1980 ...... 1047 Korovinellidae V Khalfina, 1960 ...... 1687 Lenocyathacea Zhuravleva, 1960 ...... 1594 Korshunovicyathus A Zhuravlev, 1988 ...... 1644 Lenocyathidae Zhuravleva, 1956 ...... 1595 Kosticyathus Debrenne & A Zhuravlev, 2000 ...... 1599 Lenocyathoidea Zhuravleva, 1956 ...... 1594 Kotimea de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 266 Lenocyathus Zhuravleva, 1955 ...... 1595 Kotuyicoscinus Sundukov, 1983 ...... 1618 [Leoculmis] Ganin, 1879 ...... 1704 Kotuyicyathellus Osadchaya, 1979 ...... 1590 Lepidoleucon Vacelet, 1967 ...... 1199 Kowalevskyella Swartschewsky, 1905 ...... 557 Lepidoleuconidae Vacelet, 1967 ...... 1199 Index of Higher Taxa to Volumes 1 and 2 xxxv

Lepidosphaera Levi & Levi, 1979 ...... 539 Leucosolenia Bowerbank, 1864 ...... 1160 [Lepidospongia] Dendy, 1914 ...... 350 Leucosolenida Hartman, 1958 ...... 1108, 1157 Lepidospongia Schliiter, 1870 ...... 1221 Leucosoleniidae Minchin, 1900 ...... 1160 Lepidothenea de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 350 [Leuculmis) Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Lepirogeodia Pomel, 1872 ...... 1701 Leucyssa Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1197 Leptochelastra de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 488 [Leukartea) Miklucho-Maclay in Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Leptoclathria Topsent, 1928 ...... 441 Levinella Borojevic & Boury-Esnault, 1986 ...... 1145 Leptolabis Topsent, 1901 ...... 532 Levinellidae Borojevic & Boury-Esnault, 1986 ...... 1145 Leptolacis Schrammen, 1937 ...... 1217 Lewinia Rigby & Webby, 1988 ...... 391 Leptonema Levi, 1964 ...... 1243 Lichuanospongia Zhang, 1983 ...... 1522 Leptophragma Zittel, 1877 ...... 1217 [Lieberkuehnia) de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 895 Leptophragmella Reid, 1962 ...... 1287 [Lieberkuhnia) Balsamo-Crivelli, 1863 ...... 895 Leptophragmella; Reid, 1963 ...... 1320 Ligrota de Laubenfels, 1936 .. '" ...... '" ...... 437 Leptophragmidae Schrammen, 1912 ...... 1287 Linochone Schrammen, 1937 ...... 394 Leptosastra Topsent, 1904 ...... 193 Linonema de Laubenfels, 1955 ...... 1219 Leptosastrinae Topsent, 1928 ...... 169, 186 Liosina Thiele, 1899 ...... '" ...... 777 Leptosia sensu Topsent, 1928 ...... 605 Lipastrotethya de Laubenfels, 1954 ...... 777 [Leptosia] Topsent, 1892 ...... 580 [Lipostomaltis) Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Leptosiopsis Topsent, 1927 ...... 605 [Lipostomandra) Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Leptosocyathellus Osadchaya, 1979 ...... 1566 [Lipostomella) Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1704 Leptosocyathus Vologdin, 1937 ...... 1566 [Lipostometta) Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Lerouxia Moret, 1926 ...... 402 [Lipostomilla) Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Lessepsia Keller, 1883 ...... 863 [Lipostomortis) Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Leucalia Grant, 1830 ...... 1701 [Lipostomyssa) Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 [Leucaltaga] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Lissocoelia Bassler, 1927 ...... 389 Leucaltidae Dendy & Row, 1913 ...... 1146 Lissodendoryx Topsent, 1892 ...... '" ...... 540 Leucaltis Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1147 Lissomyxilla Hanitsch, 1894 ...... 786 [Leucaltusa] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Lissoplocamia Brondsted, 1924 ...... 457 Leucandra Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1117, 1166 Lissopocillon Ferrer-Hernandez, 1916 ...... 585 [Leucandraga] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Litamena Nardo, 1833 ...... 1701 [Leucandrena] Hedicke, 1933 ...... 1704 Litaspongia de Laubenfels, 1954 ...... 437 Leucandrilla Borojevic et aI., 2000 '" '" ...... '" ...... '" ... 1168 Lithistida Schmidt, 1870 ...... 11,299,1533 [Leucandrometra] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Lithistida; Sollas, 1888 ...... 299 [Leucandropa] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Lithistidae Schmidt, 1870 ...... 299 [Leucandrusa] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Lithistina; Carter, 1875, 1880 ...... 299 [Leucania] Lendenfeld, 1885 ...... 1704 Lithobactrum Kirkpatrick, 1903 ...... 340 [Leucaria] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1704 Lithobubaris Vacelet, 1969 ...... 356 Leucascandra Borojevic & Klautau, 2000 ...... 1171 Lithochela Burton, 1929 ...... 552 Leucascidae Dendy, 1892 ...... 1149 Lithonida Vacelet, 1981 '" ...... 1108, 1185 Leucascus Dendy, 1892 ...... 1150 [Lithonina) D6derIein, 1892 ...... 1117 [Leucelia] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1704 Lithoninae DOderlein, 1892 ...... 1185 [Leuceria] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1704 Lithoplocamia Dendy, 1922 ...... 503 Leucetta Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1151 Lithospongia Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 ...... 1293 Leucettaga Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1169 Lithospongiae Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 ...... 1293 [Leucettida] Hartman, 1958 ...... 1106 Lithostrobilus Schrammen, 1937 ...... 398 Leucettidae de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... '" ...... 1151 Loboptychium SChrammen, 1924 .. ' ...... 1223 Leucettusa Haeckel, 1872 ...... '" ...... '" ...... 1148 Loculicyathidae Zhuravleva, 1954 ...... 1651 Leucilla Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1178 Loculicyathina Zhuravleva, 1955 ...... 1650 [Leuciria] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1704 Loculicyathoidea Zhuravleva, 1954 ...... 1651 Leuclathrina Borojevic & Boury-Esnault, 1987 ...... 1148 Loculicyathopsis Boyarinov, 1997 ...... 1585 [Leucogypsa] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1704 Loculicyathus Vologdin, 1931 ...... 1651 [Leucogypsia] Bowerbank, 1862 ...... 1704 Lonchiphora Ijima, 1927 ...... 1338 Leucomalthe Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1151 Lopadophorus Schrammen, 1910 ...... 399 Leuconia Grant, 1833 ...... 1194 Lophacanthus Hentschel, 1912 ...... 357 Leucophloeus Carter, 1883 ...... 796 Lophiophora Schrammen, 1924 ...... 398 Leucopsacadidae Reid, 1958 ...... 1447 Lophiophoridae Schrammen, 1924 ...... '" ...... 398 Leucopsacadinae Reid, 1958 ...... 1447 [Lophiurella) Gray, 1873 ...... 92 Leucopsacas Ijima, 1927 ...... 1448 Lophocalyx Schulze, 1887 ...... 1499 Leucopsacasidae Ijima, 1927 ...... 1447 Lophophysema Schulze, 1900 ...... 1260 Leucopsacidae Ijima, 1903 ...... 1387,1447 [Lophurella) Gray, 1872 ...... 92 Leucopsacinae Ijima, 1898 ...... '" 1447 [Lophurellidae) Gray, 1872 ...... 85 Leucopsacus Ijima, 1898 ...... 1448 [Lovenia] du Bocage, 1868 ...... 696 Leucopsila Dendy & Row, 1913 ...... 1196 Lubomirskia Dybowsky, 1880 ...... 970 [Leucopsisl Lendenfeld, 1885 ...... 1704 Lubomirskiidae Rezvoi, 1936 ...... '" ...... 970 [Leucoria] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1704 Luffaria Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 ...... 1083 [Leucortis] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Luffariella Thiele, 1899 ...... 1035 [Leucortometra] Haeckel, 1872 ...... '" 1704 Luffariospongia Burton, 1937 ...... 1057 xxxvi Index of Higher Taxa to Volumes 1 and 2

Lumectospongia Rigby & Chatterton, 1989 ...... 1215 Melittionidae Schulze, 1885 ...... 1282 [Lunulacyathacea) Debrenne, 1973 ...... 1637 Melkanicyathus Belyaeva, 1969 ...... 1551 Lunulacyathidae Debrenne, 1989 ...... 1637 Mellitionidae Zittel, 1877 ...... 1282 [Lunulacyathidae) Debrenne, 1973 ...... 1637 Mellonympha Schulze, 1897 ...... 1501 Lunulacyathoidea Debrenne 1989 ...... 1637 Melonanchora Carter, 1874 ...... 609 Lunulacyathus Debrenne, 1973 ...... 1637 Melonchela Koltun, 1955 ...... 417 Lychniscaulus Schrammen, 1937 ...... 1223 Melonella Zittel, 1878 ...... 394 Lychniscosa Schrammen, 1903 ...... 1377 Melophlus Thiele, 1899 ...... 123 Lychniscosida Schrammen, 1902 ...... 1220 Membranacyathidae fam. nov. (Debrenne, A Zhuravlev & Kruse) ... 1583 Lychniscosida; Schrammen, 1903 ...... 1202, 1361, 1377 Membranacyathus Rozanov 1960 ...... 1622 Lychnocystis gen.nov. (Reiswig) ...... 1379 Menanetia Topsent, 1896 ...... 799 Lycopodina Lundbeck, 1905 ...... 637 Menathalamia Reitener & Engeser, 1985 ...... 1522 Lyidium Schmidt, 1870 ...... 321 Menyllus Gray, 1867 ...... 422 Lyncuria Nardo, 1833 ...... 248 Merlia Kirkpatrick, 1908 ...... 665,691 Lyssacina Zittel, 1877 ...... 1201 Merliida Vacelet, 1981 ...... 691 Lyssacina; Ijima, 1903 ...... 1387 Merliidae Kirkpatrick, 1908 ...... 634, 691 Lyssacinaria Schrammen, 1924 ...... 1387 Merliinae Kirkpatrick, 1908 ...... 691 Lyssacinosa; Ijima, 1927 ...... 1387 Merriamium de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 585 Lyssacinosida Zittel, 1877 ...... 1202, 1216, 1387 Mesapos Gray, 1867 ...... 490 Lyssakina Zittel, 1877 ...... 1387 Metacyathacea Fonin, 1983 ...... 1669 Macandrewia Gray, 1859 ...... 377 Metacyathellus Debrenne & A Zhuravlev, 1990 ...... 1671 Macandrewiidae Schrammen, 1924 ...... 300,377 Metacyathidae R Bedford & W R Bedford, 1934 ...... 1675 [MacAndrewsia) Bowerbank, 1868 ...... 377 Metacyathoidea R Bedford & W R Bedford, 1934 ...... 1669 Mackenziecyathus Handfield, 1971 ...... 1577 Metaldetes Taylor, 1910 ...... 1674 Macrobrochus Schrammen, 1910 ...... 396 Metania Gray, 1867 ...... 987 Maeandrospongidae sensu Schulze, 1886 ...... 1301 Metaniidae Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1986 ...... 985 Maeandrospongidae Zittel, 1877 ...... 1301 Metastrosa Lendenfeld, 1906 ...... 141 Magenia Finks, 1995 ...... 1131 Metschnikowia Grimm, 1876 ...... 999 Magog Sollas, 1888 ...... 293 Metschnikowiidae Czerniavsky, 1880 ...... 999 Maiandrocyathidae Debrenne, 1974 ...... 1676 Meyenia Carter, 1881 ...... 937 Maiandrocyathus Debrenne, 1974 ...... 1676 Meyeniinae Vejdovsky, 1887 ...... 925 Makedia Manconi, Cubeddu & Pronzato, 1999 ...... 1016 Meyerella Gray, 1872 ...... 1276 Malacosaccus Schulze, 1886 ...... 1399 Meyerina Carter, 1872 ...... 1276 Malawispongia Brien, 1972 ...... 976 Meyerinidae Gray, 1872 ...... 1267 Malawispongiidae fam. nov. (Manconi & Pronzato) ...... 975 Microciona Bowerbank, 1862 ...... 440 Malluviospongia Rigby & Goodbody, 1986 ...... 1132 Microcionidae Carter, 1875 ...... 410,432 Malongullospongia Rigby & Webby, 1988 ...... 389 Microcionidae; Hentschel, 1923 ...... 432 Malumispongium Rigby, 1967 ...... 1215 Microcionina Carter, 1875 ...... 432 Mamelohindia Rigby & Webby, 1988 ...... 392 Microcionina Hajdu, Van Soest & Hooper, 1994 ...... 405,409 Manawa Bergquist & Fromont, 1988 ...... 570 Microcioninae Carter, 1875 ...... 436 Manihinea Pulitzer-Finali, 1993 ...... 330 Microcladina Lagneau-Herenger, 1962 ...... 402 [Manon) Oken, 1815 ...... 1701 Microcordyla Zirpolo, 1927 ...... 224 Marcusoldia de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 532 Microdendron Schrammen, 1924 ...... 402 Margaritella Schmidt, 1880 ...... 1298 Microscleroderma Kirkpatrick, 1903 ...... 306 [Marisca) Pomel, 1872 ...... 398 Microsclerophora Sollas, 1887 ...... 16,73, 105 Markocyathus Debrenne, 1989 ...... 1665 Microstylifer Vacelet, 1969 ...... 714 Marleyia Burton, 1931 ...... 437 Microtylostylifer Dendy, 1924 ...... 646 Marsipella Norman, 1878 ...... 1702 Microtylotella Dendy, 1896 ...... 415 Mastophorus Schrammen, 1924 ...... 402 Microxina Topsent, 1916 ...... 885 Mastosia Zittel, 1878 ...... 396 Microxistyla Topsent, 1928 ...... 766 Mastosiidae de Laubenfels, 1955 ...... 396 [Migas] Sollas, 1908 ...... 777 Mattajacyathus Rozanov, 1989 ...... 1583 Mikhnocyathus Maslov, 1957 ...... 1652 [Mattajacyathus) Rozanov, 1973 ...... 1583 Milaecyathus Debrenne & A Zhuravlev, 2000 ...... 1586 [Mattajacyathus] Rozanov, in Debrenne & Rozanov, 1983 ...... 1583 Milene de Laubenfels, 1954 ...... 777 Mauricea Carter, 1877 ...... 1046 MinchineUa Kirkpatrick, 1908 ...... 1 J 86 Mawsonicoscinidae Debrenne & Kruse, 1986 ...... 1646 Minchinellidae Dendy & Row, 1913 ...... 1186 Mawsonicoscinus Debrenne & Kruse, 1986 ...... 1646 Minchinellidae; Mohn, 1984 ...... 1532 [Medon] Duchaissaing & Michelotti, 1864 ...... 1701 Mirandocyathus Belyaeva, 1974 ...... 1643 Megaciella Hallmann, 1920 ...... 424 Misonia Krautter, 1996 ...... 1219 Megalithista Zittel, 1878 ...... 395 [Mlea] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Megalithistidae Schrammen, 1937 ...... 395 Moebiusispongia Duncan, 1880 ...... 1702 Megalodictyon Oppliger, 1926 ...... 1219 Molybdocyathus Debrenne & Gangloff, 1990 ...... 1661 Megalopastas Dendy, 1905 ...... 1073 Monakidae Marshall, 1876 ...... 1301 Megamorina Zittel, 1878 ...... 106, 321 Monanchora Carter, 1883 ...... 553 Megapogon Jenkin, 1908 ...... 1181 Monanthidae de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 356, 722, 788 Meliiderma Ridley & Dendy, 1887 ...... 638 Monanthus Kirkpatrick, 1903 ...... 356, 789 Melittiaulus Schulze, 1885 ...... 1282 Monaxonida Sollas, 1883 ...... 16,722 Index of Higher Taxa to Volumes 1 and 2 xxxvii

Monaxonida; Ridley & Dendy, 1887 ...... 16 Myxodoryx Burton, 1929 ...... 584 Monaxonidae Sollas, 1883 ...... 16 Naauna de Laubenfels, 1950 ...... 529 Monectyon Levi & Vacelet, 1958 ...... 503 Nabaviella Mostler & Mosleh-Yazdi, 1976 ...... 1122 Monilispongia X. Wu, 1990 ...... 1532 Nailondria de Laubenfels, 1954 ...... 790 Monoceratina Lendenfeld, 1889 ...... 1021 Naimarkcyathidae Wrona & A Zhuravlev, 1996 ...... 1675 Monocrepidium Topsent, 1898 ...... 753 Naimarkcyathoidea Wrona & A Zhuravlev, 1996 ...... 1675 Monocyathida Okulitch, 1935 ...... 1548 Naimarkcyathus Wrona & A Zhuravlev, 1996 ...... 1676 Monocyathidae R Bedford & WR Bedford, 1934 ...... 1548 Nalivkinicyathus Boyarinov & Osadchaya, 1986 ...... 1603 Monoplectroninia Pouliquen & Vacelet, 1970 ...... 1187 Naniupi de Laubenfels, 1950 ...... 557 Monorhaphididae Ijima, 1927 ...... 1231, 1264 Nara de Laubenfels, 1954 ...... 853 Monorhaphis Schulze, 1904 ...... 1264 [Nardoa] Schmidt, 1862 ...... 1142 [Monorhaphis Schulze (in Chun, 1900)] ...... 1264 [Nardoma] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Monosyringa Br!!!ndsted, 1924 ...... 112 [Nardomandrum] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Monotria de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 110 [Nardopsandra] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Montanaroa Russo, 1981 ...... 1522 [Nardopsetta] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Mootwingeecyathidae Kruse, 1982 ...... 1637 [Nardopsis] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1704 Mootwingeecyathoidea Kruse, 1982 ...... 1637 [Nardopsortis] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Mootwingeecyathus Kruse, 1982 ...... 1637 [Nardoraltis] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Morenicyathus Perejon, 1975 ...... 1570 [Nardorandra] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Moretispongia Breistroffer, 1947 ...... 398 [Nardoretta] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Muchattocyathus Rozanov, 1976 ...... 1633 [Nardorilla] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 [Muchattocyathus] Rozanov, 1973 ...... 1633 [Nardoris] Delage, 1899 ...... 1704 Muellerithalamia Reimer, 1987 ...... 1119,1532 [Nardorortis] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Multi/oqua de Laubenfels, 1955 ...... 1219 [Nardorus] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Multistella Finks, 1960 ...... 389 [Nardosa] Wright, 1868 ...... 1704 Murania Kazmierczak, 1974 ...... 66 Narrabeena gen. nov. (Cook & Bergquist) ...... 1029 Murguiathalamia Reimer & Engeser, 1985 ...... 1527 Natalijaecyathus Kotel'nikov, 1995 ...... 1566 Murguiathalamiidae Reitner & Engeser, 1985 ...... 1532 Naviculina Gray, 1867 ...... 681 Murrayona Kirkpatrick, 1910 ...... 1118,1154 Neamphius de Laubenfels, 1953 ...... 286 Murrayonida Vacelet, 1981 ...... 1108, 1153 Negombata de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 698,708 Murrayonidae Dendy & Row, 1913 ...... 1153 Negombo Dendy, 1905 ...... 770 Mycale (Aegogropila) Gray, 1867 ...... 674 Neoadocia de Laubenfels, 1950 ...... 862 Mycale (Anomomycale) Topsent, 1924 ...... 675 Neoaulaxinia gen. nov. (Pisera & Levi) ...... 366 Mycale (Arenochalina) Lendenfeld, 1887 ...... 676 Neoaulocystidae Zhuralevleva, 1962 ...... 1222 Mycale (Carmia) Gray, 1867 ...... 678 Neoaulocystis Zhuravleva in Rezvoy et al., 1962 ...... 1380 Mycale (Grapelia) Gray, 1867 ...... 680 Neocaledoniella Tabachnick & Levi, 2004 ...... 1405 Mycale (Mycale) Gray, 1867 ...... 672 Neocladia Koltun, 1970 ...... 638 Mycale (Naviculina) Gray, 1867 ...... 681 [Neocoelia] Vacelet, 1977 ...... 1097,1522 Mycale (Oxymycale) Hentschel, 1929 ...... 682 Neocoeliidae Hartman, 1982 ...... 1097 Mycale (Paresperella) Dendy, 1905 ...... 683 Neoesperiopsis de Laubenfels, 1949 ...... 703 Mycale (Rhaphidotheca) Kent, 1870 ...... 684 Neofibularia Hechtel, 1965 ...... 648 Mycale (Zygomycale) Topsent, 1930 ...... 687 Neofolitispa Bergquist, 1965 ...... 553 Mycale Gray, 1867 ...... 665,670 Neokolbicyathus Konyaeva, 1997 ...... 1592 Mycalecarmia de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 670 Neoloculicyathus Voronin, 1974 ...... 1653 Mycalidae Lundbeck, 1905 ...... 635 Neopelta Schmidt, 1880 ...... 350 Mycalina Hajdu, Van Soest & Hooper, 1994 ...... 405,633 Neopeltidae Sollas, 1888 ...... 300,344,401 Mycalinae Lundbeck, 1905 ...... 669 Neopetrosia de Laubenfels, 1949 ...... 909 Mycalopsis Topsent, 1927 ...... 659 Neophrissospongia gen. nov. (Pisera & Levi) ...... 315 Myceliospongia Vacelet & Perez, 1997 ...... 1099 Neoprosypa de Laubenfels, 1954 ...... 767 Myle Gray, 1867 ...... 176 Neoschrammeniella gen. nov. (Pisera & Levi) ...... 318 Myliusia Gray, 1859 ...... 1322 Neosiphonia Sollas, 1888 ...... 369 Myliusia sensu Bowerbank, 1869 ...... 1378 Neothenea de Laubenfels, 1934 ...... 147 Myliusidae Schulze, 1885 ...... 1301 Nepheliospongida Bergquist, 1980 ...... 831, 891 Myriastra Sollas, 1886 ...... 110 Nepheliospongiidae Clarke, 1900 ...... 906 Myrmeciophytum Schrammen, 1910 ...... 399 Nethea Sollas, 1888 ...... 154 Myrmecioptychium Schrammen, 1912 ...... 1223 Nevadocoelia Bassler, 1927 ...... 389 Myrmekioderma Ehlers, 1870 ...... 766 Newellia Wood, Reitner & West, 1989 ...... 70 Myxichela de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 424 [Niphadus] Duan, 1984 ...... 1124 Myxilla (Burtonanchora) de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 612 Niphates Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 ...... 886 Myxilla (Ectyomyxilla) Hentschel, 1914 ...... 614 Niphatidae Van Soest, 1980 ...... 834,874 Myxilla (Myxilla) Schmidt, 1862 ...... 611 [Nisella] Johnson, 1899 ...... 282 Myxilla (Styloptilon) Cabioch, 1968 ...... 614 Nisibaris de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 513 Myxilla Schmidt, 1862 ...... 609 Nitidus de Laubenfels, 1955 ...... 1219, 1346 Myxilleae Dendy, 1922 ...... 602 Nochoroicyathus Zhuravleva, 1951 ...... 1561 Myxillidae Dendy, 1922 ...... 520,602 [Normania] Bowerbank, 1869 ...... 154 Myxillidae; Topsent, 1928 ...... 602 Noronha Kirkpatrick, 1908 ...... 691 Myxillina Hajdu, Van Soest & Hooper, 1994 ...... 405,515 Nucha Pickett & Jell, 1983 ...... 1134,1532 xxxviii Index of Higher Taxa to Volumes 1 and 2

Nuchidae fam. nov. (Pickett) ...... 1134 Oxymycale Hentschel, 1929 ...... 682 Nucleotethya Sara & Bavestrello, 1996 ...... 255 Oxytedania Sara, 1978 ...... 628 NudospongillaAnnandale, 1918 ...... 948 Oxytethya Sara & Sara, 2002 ...... 256 Oceanapia Nonnan, 1869 ...... 897 Ozotrachelus de Laubenfels, 1955 ...... 396 Oceanapiidae Van Soest, 1980 ...... 893 Pachamphilla Lendenfeld, 1906 ...... 80,121,142 Ochridaspongia Arndt, 1937 ...... 980 Pachastrella Schmidt, 1868 ...... 151 [Octacium] Schliiter, 1885 ...... 1129 Pachastrellidae Carter, 1875 ...... 105, 141 [Octactinellida] Hinde, 1887 ...... 1117 Pachastrissa Lendenfeld, 1903 ...... 132, 143 Octactinellidae Hinde, 1887 ...... 1121 Pachataxa de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 133 Octavella Tuzet & Paris, 1964 ...... 77 Pachaxinella Burton, 1930 ...... 230 Ohridospongilla Gilbert & Hadzisce, 1984 ...... 1018 Pachinion Zittel, 1878 ...... 393 [Okadaia] de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 553 Pachinionidae Schrammen, 1924 ...... 392 Okulitchicyathus Zhuravleva, 1960 ...... 1654 Pachyascus Schrammen, 1937 ...... 1217 Olangocoeliidae Bechstiidt & Brandner, 1970 ...... 1521 Pachychalina Schmidt, 1868 ...... 888 Olgaecyathidae Borodina, 1974 ...... 1612 Pachychalinopsis Schmidt, 1880 ...... 820 Olgaecyathus Borodina, 1974 ...... 1612 Pachycothon Schrammen, 1901 ...... 395 Oligoceras Schulze, 1879 ...... 1030 Pachydictyum Weltner, 1901 ...... 982 Oligocoelia Vinassa, 1901 ...... 1522 Pachymatisma Bowerbank, 1842 ...... 137 [Olynthaltus] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Pachypellina Burton, 1934 ...... 901 [Olynthandara] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Pachypoterion Hinde, 1883 ...... 395 [Olynthandrium] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Pachyrhachis Schrarnmen, 1937 ...... 1222 [Olynthandrus] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Pachyrotula Volkmer-Ribeiro & Riitzler, 1997 ...... 949 [Olynthella] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Pachysalax Schrammen, 1910 ...... 398 [Olynthelletta] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Pachyselis Schrarnmen, 1924 ...... 398 [Olynthettus] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Pachyteichisma Zittel, 1877 ...... 1221 [Olynthillus] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Pachytheca Schliiter, 1885 ...... 59 [Olynthium] Haeckel, 1869 ...... 1704 Pachytrachelus Schrammen, 1910 ...... 396 [Olynthortus] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Palaeoconularia Chudinova, 1959 ...... 1548 [Olynthulmus] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Palaeoconulariidae Chudinova, 1959 ...... 1548 [Olynthus] Haeckel, 1869 ...... 1704 Palaeoieria Laube, 1865 ...... 1522 [Olynthyssus] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1704 Palaeophragmodictya Gehling & Rigby, 1996 ...... 1117 Ommatosa de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 495 Palaeospongilla Ott & Volkheimer, 1972 ...... 1001 Onconema Ijima, 1927 ...... 1244 Palaeospongillidae Volkmer-Ribeiro & Reitner, 1991 ...... 1000 Oncophoridae Schrammen, 1924 ...... 398 Palennocoeliidae Senowbari-Daryan, 1990 ...... 1521 Oncosclera Volkmer, 1970 ...... 1008 Palmatohindia Rigby & Webby, 1988 ...... 392 Onotoa de Laubenfels, 1955 ...... 197 Palmericyathus Handfield, 1971 ...... 1581 Onychomyxilla Topsent, 1927 ...... 619 Pandaros Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 ...... 452 Oonema; Levi, 1964 ...... 1246 Papillella Vosmaer, 1885 ...... 176 Oopsacas Topsent, 1927 ...... 1451 [papillina] Schmidt, 1862 ...... 176 Ophiraphidites Carter, 1876 ...... 1701 Papillissa Lendenfeld, 1888 ...... 176 [Ophirhaphidites] Bergroth, 1905 ...... 1701 [Papillocyathacea] Rozanov, 1973 ...... 1556 Ophistospongia Gray, 1867 ...... 441 Papillocyathidae Rozanov, 1989 ...... 1556 Ophlitaspongia Bowerbank, 1866 ...... 465 [Papillocyathidae] Rozanov, 1973 ...... 1556 Ophlitaspongiidae de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 455 Papillocyathoidea Rozanov, 1989 ...... 1556 Ophlitaspongiinae de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 455 Papillocyathus Rozanov, 1964 ...... 1556 Orbiasterocyathus Zhuravleva, 1964 ...... 1561 Papyrula Schmidt, 1868 ...... 121, 142 Orbicoscinus Debrenne, 1977 ...... 1631 Paracordyla Hallmann, 1912 ...... 286 Orbicyathellus Osadchaya, 1973 ...... 1561 Paracornulum Hallmann, 1920 ...... 426 Orbicyathus Vologdin, 1937 ...... 1562 Paracoscinus R Bedford & W R Bedford, 1936 ...... 1661 Orbiparanocyathus Belyaeva, 1996 ...... 1655 [Paracyathus] R. Bedford & W.R. Bedford, 1936 ...... 1654 Orchocladina Rauff, 1895 ...... 388 Paradesmanthus gen. nov. (Pisera & Levi) ...... 357 Ordinatus de Laubenfels, 1955 ...... 1219 Paradisconema; Levi, 1964 ...... 1248 Orienticyathus Belyaeva, 1969 ...... 1627 Paradoryx Hallmann, 1920 ...... 442 Orina Gray, 1867 ...... 859 Parafieldingia (Valiant MS.) Milne-Edwards, 1881 ...... 1701 Oroidea Gray, 1867 ...... 820 [Paragrantia] Hozawa, 1940 ...... 1704 [Orthorachis] Sollas ...... 1701 Paraheteropia Borojevic, 1965 ...... 1177 Oscarella Vosmaer, 1884 ...... 77 Parahigginsia Dendy, 1924 ...... 772 Oscarellidae Lendenfeld, 1887 ...... 71 Paralelapia Hozawa, 1923 ...... 1183 [Oscaria] Vosmaer, 1881 ...... 77 [Paralelapia] Hara, 1894 ...... 1184 Osculina Schmidt, 1868 ...... 176 Paraleucilla Dendy, 1892 ...... 1180 Oxeosarcodea de Laubenfels, 1954 ...... 792 Parallelopora Newell, 1935 ...... 60 Oxeostilon Ferrer Hernandez, 1922 ...... 811 Parameyenia Jewell, 1952 ...... 990 Oxheteromeyenia SchrOder, 1927 ...... 942 Paramurrayona Vacelet, 1967 ...... 1154 Oxycarmia de Laubenfels, 1954 ...... 670 Pararnurrayonidae Vacelet, 1967 ...... 1154 Oxycordyla Topsent, 1904 ...... 224 Paramyxilla Dendy, 1905 ...... 540 [Oxyheteromeyenia] Auct ...... 942 Paranacyathus R Bedford & J Bedford, 1937 ...... 1654 Oxylatrunculia Hoshino, 1981 ...... 708,769 Pararete Ijima, 1927 ...... 1216, 1315 Index of Higher Taxa to Volumes 1 and 2 xxxix

Pararhaphoxya Burton, 1934 ...... 736 Phoriospongia Marshall, 1880 ...... 524 Paraspelaeum Schrammen, 1924 ...... 399 Phoriospongiinae Lendenfeld, 1889 ...... 521 Paraspongia Carter, 1885 ...... 1052 Phragmocoeliidae Ott, 1974 ...... '" ...... 1522 Parasyringella Topsent, 1928 ...... 478 Phrissospongia Moret, 1926 ...... 393 Paratedania Burton, 1929 ...... 628 Phrissospongiidae Lagneau-Herenger, 1962 ...... 392 Paratenaciella Vace1et & Vasseur, 1971 ...... 441 Phycopsis Carter, 1883 ...... 739 Paratetilla Dendy, 1905 ...... 95 Phyllobrochis Reid, 1958 ...... 1336 Paratimea Hallmann, 1917 ...... 191 Phyllodermia Schrammen, 1924 ...... 402 Paresperella Dendy, 1905 ...... 683 Phyllospongia Ehlers, 1870 ...... 1046 Paresperia Burton, 1930 ...... 437 Phyllospongidae Keller, 1889 ...... 1044 Parethmophyllum Debrenne, 1987 ...... 1609 Phyllospongiinae Bergquist et aI., 1999 ...... 1044 Parisociella Burton, 1952 ...... 678 Phylosiphonia Lendenfeld, 1887 ...... 853 Parmula Carter, 1881 ...... 994 Phymaplectia Hinde, 1883 ...... 401 Parodospongia Rigby & Chatterton, 1989 ...... 391 Phymaraphinia Schrammen, 1910 ...... 380,399 Paronaespongia Termier & Termier in Termier et al., 1977 ...... 1522 Phymaraphinidae; Levi, 1991 ...... 380 Patellispongia Bassler, 1941 ...... 389 Phymaraphiniidae Schrammen, 1910 ...... 300,380,399 Patuloscula Carter, 1882 ...... 838 Phymaraphininae Schrammen, 1910 ...... 380,399 Pectispongilla Annandale, 1909 ...... 951 Phymatella Zittel, 1878 ...... 399 Pellina Schmidt, 1870 ...... 799 Phymatellidae Schrammen 1910 ...... 300,366,399 Pellinella Thiele, 1905 ...... 862 Phymatellinae Schrammen, 1910 ...... 366 Pellinula Czerniavsky, 1879 ...... 674 Physcaphora Hanitsch, 1895 ...... 198 Penares Gray, 1867 ...... 80, 121 Piamaecyathellidae Rozanov, 1974 ...... 1610 Pencil/aria Gray, 1867 ...... 203 [Piamaecyathellidae] Rozanov, 1973 ...... 1610 Peregrinicyatbidae Zhuravleva, 1967 ...... 1584 Piamaecyathellus Rozanov, 1964 ...... 1610 Peregrinicyathus Zhuravleva, 1967 ...... 1585 Piamaecyathus Zhuravleva, 1960 ...... 1612 Pericharax Polejaeff, 1883 ...... 1151 [Picraster] Sollas, 1888 ...... 143 Periphragella Marshall, 1875 ...... 1216, 1324 Pileospongia Rigby et al., 1979 ...... 1216 Perisinella Topsent, 1928 ...... 775 Pilochrota Sollas, 1886 ...... 110 Perissocoelia Rigby & Webby, 1988 ...... 389 Pilodicoscinus Debrenne & Jiang, 1989 ...... 1618 Permosphincta Termier & Termier, 1974 ...... 1118, 1532 Pinacophora Mehl & Reitner, 1996 ...... 11 Peronidella Hinde, 1893 ...... 1118 Pione Gray, 1867 ...... 180 Petrobiona Vacelet & Levi, 1958 ...... 1191 Pirania Walcott, 1920 ...... 55 Petrobionidae Borojevic, 1979 ...... 1191 Pisothalamiidae Senowbari-Daryan & Rigby, 1988 ...... 1521 Petromica Topsent, 1898 ...... 359,789 Pitalia Gray, 1867 ...... 437 Petromicidae Topsent, 1928 ...... 356 Pityrete Topsent, 1928 ...... 1316 Petrosaspongia Bergquist, 1995 ...... 1041 Placina Topsent, 1890 ...... 79 Petrosia (Petrosia) Vosmaer, 1885 ...... 912 Placinastrella Schulze, 1880 ...... 142 Petrosia (Strongylophora) Dendy, 1905 ...... 913 Placinastrella; Topsent, 1895 ...... 80 Petrosia Vosmaer, 1885 ...... 911 Placinidae Topsent, 1890 ...... 71 Petrosida Boury-Esnault & Van Beveren, 1982 ...... 831,891 Placinolopha Topsent, 1897 ...... 78 Petrosiidae Van Soest, 1980 '" ...... '" ...... 892, 906 Placochalina Lendenfeld, 1887 ...... 840 Petrosina Boury-Esnault & Van Beveren, 1982 ...... 832,891 Placodictyum Schmidt, 1870 ...... 1702 Petro stroma Diiderlein, 1892 ...... '" ...... 1117, 1188 Placopegma Schulze, 1895 ...... 1400 Phacanthina Vosmaer, 1912 ...... 775 [Placoplegma] Burton, 1959 ...... 1400 Phacellopegma Gerth, 1927 ...... 389 Placoplegmatidae de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 1388, 1447 Phakellia Bowerbank, 1862 ...... 738 Placortis Topsent, 1895 ...... 81 [Phakellidae] Gray, 1867 ...... 724 Placoscytus Schrammen, 1901 ...... 402 Phakettia de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 779 [Placosoma] Ijima, 1903 ...... 1403 [Phalangiuml Schrammen, 1910 ...... 319,393 Placospongia Gray, 1867 ...... 198 [Pharetronema] Sollas, 1879 ...... 912 Placospongiidae Gray, 1867 ...... 171, 196 Pharetronida Zittel, 1878 ...... '" ...... 1117 Placotelia Oppliger, 1907 ...... 1220 Phelloderma Ridley & Dendy, 1886 ...... 623 Plakidium Lendenfeld, 1907 ...... 386 Phellodermidae fam.nov. (Van Soest & Hajdu) ...... 520,621 Plakina Schulze, 1880 ..... '" ...... '" ...... 79 Pheronema Leidy, 1868 ...... 1268 Plakinastrella Schulze, 1880 ...... 80, 142 Pheronematidae Gray, 1870 ...... 1231, 1267 Plakinidae Schulze, 1880 ...... 71 [Phialonema] Lendenfeld, 1915 ...... 1250 Plakinolopha de Laubenfels, 1954 ...... 78 Philotia Gray, 1867 ...... 867 Plakoosa de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 79 Phloeodictyidae Carter, 1882 ...... 892 Plakortis Schulze, 1880 ...... 81 Phloeodictyon Carter, 1882 ...... 897 Platella Tabachnick, 1988 ...... 1262 Phlyctaenium Zittel, 1877 ...... 1222 Platychalina Ehlers, 1870 ...... 838 Phlyctaenopora (Barbozia) Dendy, 1922 ...... 689 Platychalina; Wiedenmayer in Hooper & Wiedenmayer, 1994 ...... 838 Phlyctaenopora (Phlyctaenopora) Topsent, 1904 ...... 688 Platychonia Zittel, 1878 ...... 398 Phlyctaenopora Topsent, 1904 ...... 688,708 Platychoniadae Schrammen, 1937 ...... 398 Phlyctia, Pomel, 1872 ...... 398 Platylistrum Schulze, 1904 ...... 1270 Pholidocladia Hinde, 1883 ...... 399 [Platylistrum Schulze (in Chun, 1900)] ...... 1270 Phorbas Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 ...... 585 Playfordiella Rigby, 1986 ...... 389 Phorbasidae de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 575 Plectispa Lendenfeld, 1888 ...... 452 xl Index of Higher Taxa to Volumes 1 and 2

Plectodendron Lendenfeld, 1888 ...... 230 Polytherses Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 ...... 1023 Plectronella Sollas, 1879 ...... 499 Polytholosiidae Seilacher, 1962 ...... 1521 Plectroninia Hinde, 1900 ...... 1188 Polyurella Gray, 1870 ...... 92 Plegiatella Brimaud & Vachard, 1986 ...... 399 Pomelia Zittel, 1878 ...... 304 Pleiomeyenia Mills, 1884 ...... 937 Porata Seilacher, 1962 ...... 1532 Pleodioria Opik, 1961 ...... 1213 Porifera Grant, 1836 ...... 9 Pleorhabdus Schulze, 1887 ...... 1465 Poritella Schmidt, 1879 ...... 386 Pleraplysilla Topsent, 1905 ...... 1063 Porocoscinidae Debrenne, 1964 ...... 1634 Pleroma Sollas, 1888 ...... 324 Porocoscinoidea Debrenne, 1964 ...... 1633 Pleromatidae; Lendenfeld, 1903 ...... 321 Porocoscinus Debrenne, 1964 ...... 1635 Pleromidae Sollas, 1888 ...... 300,321, 395 Porocyathellus Debrenne, 1977 ...... 1605 Pleromides Moret, 1926 ...... 321 Porocypellia Zittel, 1877 ...... 1223 Pleurochorium Schrammen, 1912 ...... 1216, 1325 Porosphaerella Welter, 1910 ...... 1188 [Plicatella] Schmidt, 1870 ...... 548 Porosphaeridae de Laubenfels. 1955 ...... 1186 Plicatellopsis Burton, 1932 ...... 232 Porospongia d'Orbigny, 1849 ...... 1219 Plicocyathus Vologdin, 1960 ...... 1591 Porphyria Bergquist, 1995 ...... 1095 Plinthodermatium Schrarrunen, 1910 ...... 398 Pospelovicyathus Konyaeva, 1997 ...... 1572 Plinthosella Zittel, 1878 ...... 401 Potamolepidae Brien, 1967 ...... 1002 Plinthosellidae; Schrammen, 1924 ...... 401 Potamolepis Marshall, 1883 ...... 1003 Plinthosellinae Schrammen, 1910 ...... 401 Potamophloiinae Brien, 1969 ...... 1002 Pliochoanites Pomel, 1872 ...... 1701 Potamophloios Brien, 1970 ...... 1006 Plocamia Schmidt, 1870 ...... 456 Poterion Schlegel, 1858 ...... 176 Plocamiancora Topsent, 1927 ...... 616 Pozziella Topsent, 1896 ...... 667 Plocamilla Topsent, 1928 ...... 457 Pretiosocyathus Rozanov, 1966 ...... 1585 Plocamione Topsent, 1927 ...... 503 Prianos Gray, 1867 ...... 867 Plocamionida Topsent, 1927 ...... 590 Prionema; Levi, 1964 ...... 1250 Plocamioninae subfam. nov. (Hooper) ...... 502 Procorallistes Schrammen, 1901 ...... 393 Plocamiopsis Topsent, 1904 ...... 457 Proiwliapsis Schrammen, 1901 ...... 399 Plocamissa Burton, 1935 ...... 616 PronaxGray, 1867 ...... 176 Ploylophidium Finks, 1960 ...... 1216 [Pronax] Gray, 1867 ...... 585 Plumocolumella Burton, 1929 ...... 569 Pronaxella Burton, 1931 ...... 585 Plumocolumetta de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 882 Propachastrella Schrammen, 1910 ...... 143 Plumohalichondria Carter, 1876 ...... 585 Propleroma Moret, 1926 ...... 395 Pocilloguitarra Topsent, 1928 ...... 654 Propriolynthus Okuneva, 1967 ...... 1551 Pocillon Topsent, 1893 ...... 423 Proraspailia Levi, 1958 ...... 488 Podospongia du Bocage, 1869 ...... 696, 708 Prostylissa Topsent, 1925 ...... 790 Podospongiidae de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 634,694,708 Prosuberites Topsent, 1893 ...... 233 Podotuberculum Bakus, 1966 ...... 585 [Prosycum] Haeckel, 1869 ...... 1704 Poecillastra Sollas, 1888 ...... 154 Proteleia Dendy & Ridley, 1886 ...... 204 Poecilochela de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 580 Protoclathria Burton, 1932 ...... 457 Poecilosclerida Topsent, 1928 ...... 403 Protocyathus Ford, 1878 ...... 1605 Poeciloscleridae Topsent, 1894 ...... 403 Protoesperia Czemiavsky, 1879 ...... 670 Poecilosclerina Topsent, 1928 ...... 403 Protopharetra Bornemann, 1884 ...... 1665 Polejaevia Borojevic et al., 2000 ...... 1173 Protophlitaspongia Burton, 1934 ...... 450 [Polejna] Lendenfeld, 1885 ...... 1704 Protoraspailia Burton & Rao, 1932 ...... 488 [Polejna] Lendenfeld, 1891 ...... 1173 Protoschmidtia Czerniavsky, 1878 ...... 873 Poliopogon Thomson, 1873 ...... 1272 Protospongia Salter, 1864 ...... 1212 Polycladium Qian, 1984 ...... 1122 Protospongiidae Hinde, 1887 ...... 1212 Polycoscinidae Debrenne, 1964 ...... 1625 Protospongioidea Finks, 1960 ...... 1211 Polycoscinoidea Debrenne, 1964 ...... 1623 Protosuberites Swartschewsky, 1905 ...... 234 Polycoscinus R Bedford & J Bedford, 1937 ...... 1625 Psammaplysilla Keller, 1889 ...... 1087 Polycystocoelia Zhang, 1983 ...... 1522 Psarrunascidae de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 521 Polyedridae Termier & Termier in Termier et al., 1977 ...... 1521 Psammascus Marshall, 1880 ...... 524 Polyfibrospongia Bowerbank, 1877 ...... 1046 Psammastra Sollas, 1886 ...... 120 Polygonatium Schrammen, 1937 ...... 1216 Psammina Haeckel, 1889 ...... 1702 [Polylophus] Schulze, 1885 ...... 1499 Psammochela Dendy, 1916 ...... 617 Polymastia Bowerbank, 1864 ...... 203 Psammocinia Lendenfeld, 1889 ...... 1026 Polymastiidae Gray, 1867 ...... 172,201 Psammoclema Marshall, 1880 ...... 524 Polyphymospongia King, 1943 ...... 1522 PsammodoryxBurton,1934 ...... 617 Polypyge Schrammen, 1937 ...... 1219 Psammopemma Marshall, 1880 ...... 524 Polyrhabdus Schulze, 1886 ...... 1465 Psammophyllium Haeckel, 1889 ...... 1702 Polyrhypidium Schrammen, 1924 ...... 399 Psammotoxa de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 439 Polysiphonella Belyaeva in Boiko et al., 1991 ...... 1522 Psarodictyum Raymond & Okulitch, 1940 ...... 389 Polysiphonellidae Belyaeva in Boiko et aI., 1991 ...... 1522 Psephosyllogus Schrammen, 1937 ...... 1217 [Polysiphonia] Levinsen, 1886 ...... 1701 [Psetalia] Gray, 1873 ...... 90 Polystillicidocyathus Debrenne, 1959 ...... 1619 Pseudanchinoe Burton, 1929 ...... 441 Polythalamia Debrenne & Wood, 1990 ...... 1643 Pseudaxinella Schmidt, 1875 ...... 739 Index of Higher Taxa to Volumes 1 and 2 xli

Pseudaxinyssa Burton, 1931 ...... " ...... "." ...... 792 Raphyrus Bowerbank, 1862 ...... 176 Pseudobasta Topsent, 1931 ...... 1072 [Rasalia] Gray, 1867 ...... 473 Pseudocavispongia Herenger, 1944 ...... 1219 Rasetticyathus Debrenne, 1971 ...... 1577 Pseudoceratina Carter, 1885 ...... 1087 Raspaciona Topsent, 1936 ...... """ 490 Pseudoceratinidae Carter, 1885 ...... 1086 Raspaigella Schmidt, 1868 ...... 799 [Pseudochalina] Schmidt, 1870 ...... 1701 Raspailia (Clathriodendron) Lendenfeld, 1888 ...... 475 Pseudoclathria Dendy, 1897 ...... 557 Raspailia (Hymeraphiopsis) Hooper, 1991 ...... 478 Pseudocorticium Boury-Esnault et aI., 1995 ...... 81 Raspailia (Parasyringella) Topsent, 1928 ...... 478 Pseudocytoracea Lagneau-Herenger, 1962 ...... 398 Raspailia (Raspailia) Nardo, 1833 ...... 473 Pseudoesperia Carter, 1886 ...... 670 Raspailia (Raspaxilla) Topsent, 1913 ...... 475 Pseudohalichondria Carter, 1886 ...... 591 Raspailia Nardo, 1833 ...... 473 Pseudohymeniacidon Carballo, 2001 ...... 796 Raspailiidae Hentschel, 1923 ...... '" ...... 410, 469 Pseudojerea Moret, 1926 ...... 402 Raspailiinae Nardo, 1833 ...... 472 Pseudomyxilla Koltun, 1955 ...... 619 Raspailopsis Burton, 1959 ...... 478 Pseudopalmatohindia Rigby & Webby 1988 ...... 389 [Raspalia] Gray, 1867 ...... 473 Pseudoplectella Tabachnick, 1990 ...... 1426 Raspaxilla Topsent, 1913 ...... 475 Pseudospongosorites McCormack & Kelly, 2002 ...... " .. " 237 Raspelia Nardo, 1833 ...... 472 Pseudosuberites Topsent, 1896 ...... 237 Raspeloplocamia Burton, 1935 ...... 503 Pseudosyringocnema Handfield, 1971 ...... 1685 Ratcliffespongia Rigby & Church, 1990 ...... 1215 Pseudotennericyathellus Osadchaya, 1979 ...... 1570 Rectannulus Debrenne, 1977 .".""""".""""".""""""""""""""""". 1566 Pseudotrachya Hallmann, 1914 ...... 217 Regadrella Schmidt, 1880 .""".""."""""""""".""""".""""" 1216, 1427 Pseudoverticillites Boiko, 1990 ...... 1532 Regispongia Rigby, 1978 """""""""."""""""""""""""""""""""" 1138 Psilocalyx Ijima, 1927 ...... 1346 Regnardia Moret 1926 """"""""""""""""""""""".""""""""""""" 397 Pteronema; Levi, 1964 ...... 1253 Reidispongia Levi & Levi, 1988 """"""."""".""""""""""."."".""" 372 Ptilocaulis Carter, 1883 ...... 741 Reiswigia Trammer, 1979 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 398 Ptychodesia Schrammen, 1912 ...... 1327 Reniclona de Laubenfels, 1954 "".""""""".""""."""""".""".""."". 867 Pumicea Pome!, 1872 ...... 1701 Reniera Schmidt, 1862 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 867 Putapacyathidae R Bedford & J Bedford, 1936 ...... "". 1638 Renieridae; Ridley, 1884 """".""""."""."""".""."."""".""""""."." 852 Putapacyathoidea R Bedford & J Bedford, 1936 ...... 1638 Renierinae Schmidt, 1870 """"""."""."".""."."".""""""""""""."" 852 Putapacyathus R Bedford & J Bedford, 1936 ...... 1639 Reniochalina Lendenfeld, 1888 """"'"'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 744 Pycnocalyptra Schrammen, 1937 ...... 1217 Retecoscinus Zhuravleva, 1960 """.""""""".""."".""""""""."""" 1617 Pycnodesma Schrammen, 1910 ...... """ 401 Retetumulus Debrenne, 1977 "".".".".".""""""".""""""."""."""." 1631 Pycnoidocoscinidae Debrenne 1974 ...... "." 1663 Reticulosida Reid, 1958 """".".""""."""""".".""""."."""".""""". 1211 Pycnoidocoscinus R Bedford & W R Bedford, 1936 ...... 1663 Retilamina Debrenne & James, 1981 """."""""".""".""."""".""". 1661 Pycnoidocyathus Taylor, 1910 ...... 1667 [Rewardocyathidae] Rozanov, 1973 """"."""""".".""""."""""".". 1594 Pyloderma Kirkpatrick, 1907 ...... 570 [Rewardocyathidae] Rozanov, in Debrenne etal., 1989 """"""""". 1594 Pyrgochoniadae Schrammen, 1937 ...... "". 398 [Rewardocyathus] Rozanov, 1973 ""."""""""""""""."""""""""". 1594 Pytheas Topsent, 1890 ...... 557 Rhabdastrella Thiele, 1903 .""""".""""""".""""""""""""""".""". 114 Pytheilla de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 557 Rhabderemia Topsent, 1890 """"."."""."".""""."""."".".""."".""" 513 Pyxitis Schmidt, 1870 ...... 138 Rhabderemiidae Topsent, 1928 ."""""""""""""".""""""."""" 411,511 Qasimella Thomas, 1974 ...... 463 Rhabdeurypon Vacelet, 1969 """".".""""""""""."""."""".""""."." 492 Quasillina Norman, 1869 ...... 210 Rhabdobaris Pulitzer-Finali, 1983 "."""""."""".""".""."""""".""" 751 Quepanetsal de Laubenfels, 1954 ...... 916 Rhabdocalyptus Schulze, 1886 """"""""""""""""""".""""""""". 1449 Querciclona de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 727 [Rhabdodermella] Urban, 1902 """"."""""".""".""""."."""""".". 1704 Quindesmia de Laubenfels, 1950 ...... 759 [Rhabdodictyon] Schmidt, 1880 .".""""".""""""""."""".""""""." 1370 Quintoxilla de Laubenfels, 1950 ...... 456 Rhabdodictyum Zittel, 1883 """"."."""""""""""."".""""""."""". 1370 Quixilla de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... , ...... 488 Rhabdodragma Dendy, 1916 ".""""""""""""""""""""".".""""""" 120 Quizciona de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 456 Rhabdolynthus Zhuravleva, 1960 ."."""."".""""."""."".""".""""" 1643 Rabdium Schrammen, 1937 ...... 1219 Rhabdopectella Schmidt, 1880 .""""".".""""""""""""""".".""."" 1430 Racekiela Bass & Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1998 ...... " .. 953 [Rhabdoplegma] Schmidt, 1880 """."""""""""""""""""""""""". 1430 Racemina Termier & Termier in Termier et aI., 1977 ...... 1522 Rhabdoploca Topsent, 1904 "'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 751 Racodiscula Zittel, 1878 ...... 331 Rhabdosa Sollas, 1888 """""'"'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 299 Radiella Schmidt, 1870 ...... 213 Rhabdosigma Hallmann, 1916 ".""".""""."""""""""."."""."".""". 513 Radiocella Senowbari-Daryan & Wurm, 1994 ...... "". 1533 Rhabdostauridium Schmidt, 1880 """"""""""""."""."""""""""". 1701 Radiocellidae Senowbari-Daryan & Wurm, 1994 ...... 1533 Rhabdotum Schrammen, 1924 """"."""."".""""."""."".".""."".""" 398 Radiocyatha Debrenne et al., 1970 ...... 1122 Rhachella Sollas, 1888 "".".""""."""".""""""""""".""""."."""." 1701 Radiospongilla Penney & Racek, 1968 ...... 954 Rhagadinia Zittel, 1878 .""""""""""".""""""""""""."."."""".""". 402 Ramella Schulze, 1904 ...... 1339 Rhaphidectyon Topsent, 1927 """.""""".""""""."""."".".""."".""" 480 Ramispongia Quenstedt, 1878 ...... 1219 Rhaphidhistia Carter, 1879 """.""""".""""""""""."""""."."""""." 272 Ramoses de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 437 Rhaphidistiinae de Laubenfels, 1936 "'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 102, 169,268 Ramosichela de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 557 Rhaphidophlus Ehlers, 1870 """""""""""""'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 447 Rankenella Kruse, 1983 ...... 389 Rhaphidorus Topsent, 1898 """".".""""""""""""""""."""""".""". 216 Raoa de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 640 Rhaphidostyla Burton, 1935 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 807 Raphidotethya Burton, 1934 ...... 90 Rhaphidoteca Kent, 1870 """.""""".""""."".".""""""."""""""""" 668 Raphioderma Bowerbank, 1869 ...... 670 Rhaphidotheca Kent, 1870 """."""""."".""""""."""."""".""""""" 684 Raphiodesma; Bowerbank, 1874 ...... """ 672 [Rhaphiophora] de Laubenfels, 1936 """"""""""""""."""""""""". 176 Raphiophora Gray, 1867 ...... 176 Rhaphisia Topsent, 1892 """""'"'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 859 xlii Index of Higher Taxa to Volumes 1 and 2

Rhaphoxiella Burton, 1934 ...... 807 Saturnospongilla Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1976 ...... 960 Rhaphoxya Hallmann, 1917 ...... 780 Sealarispongia Cook & Bergquist, 2000 ...... 1043 Rhizaxinella Keller, 1880 ...... 239 Seantiletta de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 289 Rhizoehalina Schmidt, 1870 ...... 897 [Seantilla) Johnson, 1899 ...... 289 Rhizoniera Griessinger, 1971 ...... 871 Seeptrella Schmidt, 1870 ...... 716 Rhizopoterion Zittel, 1877 ...... 1221 Sceptrintus Topsent, 1898 ...... 700 Rhogostomium Schrammen, 1937 ...... 1223 Sceptrospongia Dendy, 1926 ...... 670 Rhopaloeoelia Raymond & Okulitch, 1940 ...... 389 Schaudinnia Schulze, 1900 ...... 1483 Rhopaloeides Thompson, Murphy, Bergquist & Evans, 1987 ...... 1059 Scheiella Finks, 1971 ...... 392 Rhoptrum Schrammen, 1910 ...... 402 Scheielloides Rigby, 1986 ...... 392 Rhytidoderma Schrammen, 1937 ...... 397 Scheiia Tschernyschev & Stepanov, 1916 ...... 392 Ridleia Dendy, 1888 ...... 211 Schismospongia Rhebergen & Hacht, 2000 ...... 389 Rimella Schmidt, 1879 ...... 381 [Schmidtia) Balsamo Crivelli, 1863 ...... 912 Rinalda Schmidt, 1870 ...... 203 Schrammeniella Breistrofer, 1947 ...... 319 Ringifungia Korshunov, 1969 ...... 1592 Schulzeviella Tabachnick, 1990 ...... 1274 Robertiolynthus A Zhuravlev, 1987 ...... 1552 Schumnyicyathidae Debrenne, Rozanov & A Zhuravlev, 1989 ...... 1635 Robertocyathidae Rozanov, 1969 ...... 1583 Schumnyicyathoidea Debrenne, Rozanov & A Zhuravlev, 1989 ...... 1635 Robertoeyathus Rozanov, 1969 ...... 1583 Schumnyieyathus Zhuravleva, 1968 ...... 1636 Robustoeyathellus Konyushkov, 1972 ...... 1562 Schweigger Nardo ...... 1702 Roosa de Laubenfels, 1934 ...... 81 [Schyphia) Pocta, 1883 ...... 1701 Rossella Carter, 1872 ...... 1444 Sclerilla Schmidt, 1868 ...... 580 Rossellidae Schulze, 1885 ...... 1387, 1441, 1443 Scleritoderma Sollas, 1888 ...... 308 Rossellinae; Schulze, 1897 ...... '" ...... 1443 [Scleritoderma) Schmidt, 1879 ...... 308 Rossoeyathella Zhuravleva, 1960 ...... 1600 Scleritodermatidae; Lendenfeld, 1903 ...... 308 Rotuloploeamia Levi, 1952 ...... 600 ScIeritodermidae Sollas, 1888 ...... 300 Rotundoeyathus Vologdin, 1960 ...... 1562 Scleroehalina Schmidt, 1868 ...... 849 Rozanovieoscinus Debrenne, 1970 ...... 1618 Scleroeyathus Vologdin, 1960 ...... 1597 Rozanovicyathidae Korshunov, 1969 ...... 1633 Scleropegma Schrammen, 1912 ...... 1219 Rozanovieyathus Korshunov, 1969 ...... 1633 Scleroplegma Schmidt, 1880 ...... 1383 Rudanulidae Debrenne et aI., 1989 ...... 1618 Sclerospongiae Hartman & Goreau, 1970 ...... 11,59,817,1521 Rudanulus Debrenne, 1974 ...... 1618 Sclerothamnidae Schulze, 1885 ...... 1341 Rujospongia Rigby & Mehl, 1994 ...... 1216 Sclerothamnopsis Wilson, 1904 ...... 1339, 1348 [Rugoeyathus) Vologdin, 1962 ...... 1612 Sclerothamnus Marshall, 1875 ...... 1350 Russoeyathus Zhuravleva, 1955 ...... 1600 Seolopes Sollas, 1888 ...... 286 Saeeoealyx Schulze, 1895 ...... 1409 Scolopidae Sollas, 1888 ...... 281 Saecospongia Bassler, 1889 ...... 56,390 Seolymastra Topsent, 1916 ...... 1456 Saccospongiidae Rigby & Dixon, 1979 ...... 390 Scopalina Schmidt, 1862 ...... 781 Sadie ria Rigby, 1986 ...... 392 Scutastra Ferrer-Hernandez, 1912 ...... 135 Saetaspongia Steiner et aI., 1993 ...... 54 [Scypha) sensu Burton, 1963 ...... 1701 Sagaeyathus Kruse, 1982 ...... 1572 [Scyphia) Goldfuss, 1833 ...... 1290 Sagitullaria Welter, 1910 ...... 1188 [Scyphia) Oken, 1815 ...... 1290, 1701 Sajanocyathidae Vologdin, 1956 ...... 1579 Scyphidae de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 1162 Sajanocyathus Vologdin, 1940 ...... 1579 Scyphidium Schulze, 1900 ...... 1485 Sajanolynthidae Rozanov, 1989 ...... 1551 Scytalia Zittel, 1878 ...... 398 [Sajanolynthidae) Kashina, in Rozanov, 1973 ...... 1551 Scytalidae de Laubenfels, 1955 ...... 398 Sajanolynthus Vologdin & Kashina, 1972 ...... 1551 Sebargasia Steinmann, 1882 ...... 1522 Sakhacyathidae Debrenne & A Zhuravlev, 1990 ...... 1655 Sebargasiidae de Laubenfels, 1955 ...... 1517 Sakhacyathoidea Debrenne & A Zhuravlev, 1990 ...... 1654 Seiriola Hanitsch, 1889 ...... 115 Sakhaeyathus Debrenne & A Zhuravlev, 1990 ...... 1655 Seiriolidae Hanitsch, 1889 ...... 108 Salairocyathidae Zhuravleva, 1956 ...... 1618 Sekwicyathus Handfield, 1971 ...... 1601 Salairocyathoidea Zhuravleva, 1956 ...... 1615 Seliscothon Zittel, 1878 ...... 307,398 Salairoeyathus Vologdin, 1940 ...... 1618 Seliscothonidae Schrammen, 1924 ...... 398 Salzburgiidae Senowbari-Daryan & Schafer, 1979 ...... 1521 Semisuberites Carter, 1877 ...... 661 Samidae Sollas, 1888 ...... 83, 99 Semisuberitidae de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 656, 722, 788 Samus Gray, 1867 ...... 99 Semitaspongia Cook & Bergquist, 2000 ...... 1043 Sanarkocyathidae Hill, 1972 ...... 1592 Semperella Gray, 1868 ...... 1276 Sanarkoeyathus Zhuravleva, 1963 ...... 1592 Semperellinae Schulze, 1886 ...... 1267 Sanarkophyllum Debrenne & Kruse, 1986 ...... 1588 Seriatula Gray, 1867 ...... 800 SanidastraVolkmer-Ribeiro & Watanabe, 1983 ...... 708,957 Sericolophus Ijima, 1901 ...... 1278 Sanidastrella Topsent, 1892 ...... liS Serieyathus Voronin, 1988 ...... 1577 Sanshadietya Mehl & Reimer, 1993 ...... 1215 [Se1pula) Coy, 1862 ...... 1234 Sanshapentella Mehl & Erdtmann, 1994 ...... 1215 Setidium Schmidt, 1879 ...... 308 Sapline Gray, 1867 ...... 176 Sexradiatospongia Gray, 1874 ...... 1201 Sareoeornea Carter, 1885 ...... 524 Shiveligocyathidae Fonin, 1983 ...... 1657 Sarcomella Schmidt, 1886 ...... 1701 Shiveligoeyathus Missarzhevskiy, 1961 ...... 1657 Sarcotragus Schmidt, 1862 ...... 1024 Sibireeyathus Vologdin, 1937 ...... 1562 Sarostegia Topsent, 1904 ...... 1339 Siderocyathus Debrenne & Gangloff, 1990 ...... 1581 Index of Higher Taxa to Volumes 1 and 2 xliii

[Sideroderma] Ridley & Dendy, 1886 ...... ,. .. ,...... ,...... ,..,. 529 Solina Gray, 1867 ,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,..,.,,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,..,,.,..,.,,. 1702 Siderodermella Dendy, 1922 ,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.. 529 Sollasella Lendenfeld, 1888 ,.,..,,.,..,,.,..,,.,..,,.,..,,.,.,,..,,.,..,,.,.,..,,..,,.,..,. 279 Sidonops Sollas, 1889 ,..,.,.,,..,,.,..,,..,,.,..,,..,.,,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,..,,..,.,.,,.,.,.,, 140 Sollasellidae Lendenfeld, 1887 ,..,,.,..,,.,..,,.,.,.,.,.,..,,..,.,,.,.,.,..,.,,.. 169,279 Sigmadocia de Laubenfels, 1936 .,,.,..,,.,.,..,,..,.,,.,.,.,..,,.,..,,.,.,.,.,.,,,.,..,. 859 Somatispongia Bowerbank, 1845 """"""""""""""""""""""""""" 1702 Sigmarotula Bergquist & Fromont, 1988 ,.,.,.,..,.,,.,.,.,..,,.,.,..,,.,.,.,..,,.., 597 Sommersetella Rigby & Dixon, 1979 .,.,,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,..,,..,.,,.,.,.,..,.,,..,,.,.., 389 Sigmatella Lendenfeld, 1888 .,,.,..,,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,..,,..,.,,..,,.,.,.. 522 Sophax Gray, 1867 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""'" 441 Sigmatophora Sollas, 1887 .,,.,..,,..,.,.,,.,.,.,..,.,.,,.,.,..,,..,.,.,,.,.,.,..,,.,, 83, 105 Spanioplon Topsent, 1890 ,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,..,,..,.,,..,,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,..,,.,..,.,,.,.,.. 593 Sigmatosclerophora Burton, 1934 .,,..,.,,..,,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,..,.,,..,,.,.,.,.,.,,,.. 83 Sphaerocladina Schrammen, 1910 """"""""""""""""""""""""""" 391 Sigmatotetraxonida Dendy, 1922 ,.,.,.,..,,.,..,.,,.,.,.,..,.,,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,.,.., 83 Sphaerocoelia Steinmann, 1882 ,..,.,,.,..,,..,.,,..,.,,.,.,.,.,..,,.., ..,.,. 1119, 1532 Sigmatoxella de Laubenfels, 1936 """"""""""""""""""""""""""'" 644 Sphaerocoelida Vacelet, 1979 ,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,..,,..,.,,.,.,.,.,..,,.., 1119, 1532 Sigmaxia Hallmann, 1916 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""'" 649 Sphaerocoeliidae Steinmann, 1882 ,.,..,,..,,.,..,,.,.,.,..,.,,.,.,.,..,.,.,,..,,..,. 1517 Sigmaxinella Dendy, 1897 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""'" 649 Sphaerotylus Topsent, 1898 ,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,.,.,..,,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,..,,.,.. 205 Sigmaxinellidae Levi, 1955 ,.,.,.,..,.,,..,,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,..,. 642 Sphaeroverticillitiidae Boiko in Boiko et al., 1991 ,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,..,,..,,.. 1521 Sigmaxinyssa Kirkpatrick, 1907 ,.,..,,.,..,,..,.,.,,.,.,.,..,.,,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.., 885 Spheciospongia Marshall, 1892 ,.,..,,.,.,..,.,.,.,.,.,,..,,.,.,.,..,,,,.,.,.,..,.,,.,.,.. 181 Sigmeurypon Topsent, 1928 ,.,..,,.,..,,..,.,.,.,,..,,..,,..,,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,,,. 468 Sphenaulax Zittel, 1877 ,.,.,.,..,.,,..,.,,.,..,.,.,.,,..,,.,..,,..,,..,.,.,,.,.,..,.,.,,.,.. 1217 Sigmocoscinidae R Bedford & J Bedford, 1939 ,..,,..,,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,.. 1632 [Sphenophorina] Breitfuss, 1898 .,,.,..,,.,..,,.,..,,.,.,.,..,.,,.,..,,.,..,.,,..,,..,. 1705 Sigmocoscinoidea R Bedford & J Bedford, 1939 ,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,.. 1631 [Sphenophorus] Breitfuss, 1898 """""""""""""""""""""""""""" 1705 Sigmocoscinus R Bedford & J Bedford, 1936 ,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,.,..,,.. 1632 Sphincterella de Laubenfels, 1936 ,.,.,..,,..,.,,..,,.,.,..,,..,.,,.,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.., 159 Sigmocyathidae Krasnopeeva, 1953 ,.,..,,.,..,.,,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,. 1613 Sphinctozoa Steinmann, 1882 ,..,,..,,.,.,..,.,.,.,,..,. 11,16,1097,1117,1511 Sigmocyathoidea Krasnopeeva, 1953 """""""""""""""""""""""" 1613 [Sphinctrella] Schmidt, 1870 ,..,.,.,.,,.,..,.,.,.,.,.,,.,..,,.,.,.,..,.,,.,.,.,..,.,,.,..,. 159 Sigmocyathus R Bedford & J Bedford, 1936 ,..,,..,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,.. 1615 Spica Termier & Termier in Termier et al., 1977 .,,.,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,. 1522 Sigmofungia R Bedford & W R Bedford, 1936 ,.,..,,..,,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,.. 1667 Spiculospongiae Gray, 1867 ,.,..,,.,..,,.,..,,.,..,,..,.,,..,,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,..,,,., 16,788 Sigmosceptrella Dendy, 1922 .,,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,.,,..,,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,..,,..,,.,. 701,708 Spinocladiidae Lagneau-Herenger, 1962 """""""""""""""""""""" 392 Sigmotylotella Burton, 1932 ,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,..,,..,.,,..,,,,.,..,,..,,.,..,,.,.,.,.,.,..,,.., 644 Spinosella Vosmaer, 1887 ,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,..,,..,.,,.,.,.,.,. 841 Silesiaspongia Pisera & Bodzioch, 1991 ,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,..,,.,..,,.,.. 1216 Spinosocyathus Zhuravleva, 1960 .,,.,.,..,.,.,.,.,.,,..,,.,.,..,.,.,,.,.,..,.,.,,.,.. 1671 Silicea Gray, 1867 ,.,.,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,..,,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,.,,.,.,.,..,.,,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.. 11 Spinospongilla Brien, 1974 .,.,,.:,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,..,,..,,.,.,..,,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,. 984 Silicispongiae Johnston, 1842 ,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.. 11 Spinularia Gray 1867 .,.,,.,.,.,.,..,,..,.,,.,..,,.,..,,..,.,,.,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,. 216 Siliquariaspongia Hoshino 1981 """""""""""""""""""""""""""'" 332 Spirasigma Hallmann, 1912 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 102 Simplicella Merejkowsky, 1878 ,..,.,,..,,.,..,,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,..,,.,,,.,.. 1069 Spirasigmidae Hallmann, 1912 """""""""""""""""""""""""'" 83, 102 Sinocoelia Zhang & Fan, 1985 """"""""""""""""""""""""""'''''' 1522 Spirastrella Schmidt, 1868 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 66,222 [Siphonella] Lendenfeld, 1887 ,.,.,..,,..,.,,.,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,. 849 Spirastrella sensu Ridley, 1884 ,..,,.,.,..,,..,,.,..,,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,..,.,,.,.,.,.. 176 Siphonia Parkinson, 1822 ,..,,.,..,,..,.,,..,,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,.., 389 Spirastrellidae Ridley & Dendy, 1886 ,.,..,,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,..,,.,.,.. 171, 173,220 Siphonidiella Burton, 1928 .,,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,.,..,,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,.., 341 Spiretta Lendenfeld, 1888 .,,.,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,.,..,.,,.,.,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,,,.,.. 96 Siphonidiidae Lendenfeld, 1903 ,.,.,.,.,..,,.,..,,..,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,..,.,. 300,338 Spirillicyathus R Bedford & J Bedford, 1937 """"""""""""""""'" 1671 Siphonidium Schmidt, 1879 ,..,.,,..,,.,..,,.,.,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,..,,..,,..,.,.,,..,,.,.,.. 342 Spirocyathella Vologdin, 1939 .,,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,..,,..,,.,.,..,,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,. 1667 Siphonocalypta Burton, 1931 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 661 [Spirophora] Lendenfeld, 1887 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""'" 269 Siphonochalina Schmidt, 1868 ,.,.,.,.,.,..,,..,.,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,..,,.,. 849 Spimphorella Lendenfeld, 1888 ,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,. 269 Siphonochalinopsis Schmidt, 1880 ,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,..,,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,. 820 [Spirophorellinae] Lendenfeld, 1889 ,..,,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,..,,.,..,,.,.,..,,..,.,. 169,268 Siphonodictyon Bergquist, 1965 ,.,..,,..,.,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,. 895 Spirophorida Bergquist & Hogg, 1969 """""""""""""""""""""""'''' 83 Siphydora Clark, 1867 ,.,..,,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,..,.,,.,.,.,..,,.,.,,. 1702 Spirophoridae Brien, 1968 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""'" 83 Skeizia Cabioch, 1968 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""'" 753 Spirophorina; Wiedenmayer, 1977 """""""""""""""""""""""""""" 83 Smenospongia Wiedenmayer, 1977 ,..,,.,.,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,..,,..,,..,.,,.,.,.,.,.. 1038 Spirorhabdia Topsent, 1918 ,.,..,,.,..,,.,..,,.,..,,.,..,,..,,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,.,.,,,.,. 566 [Soanicyathacea] Rozanov, 1973 .,,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,..,.,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,..,. 1556 Spirosclerina Reid, 1963 ,..,,.,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,.,.. 83 Soanicyathidae Rozanov, 1964 .,,..,,.,..,,.,.,..,,.,..,,.,.,.,.,,.,,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,. 1557 Spiroxya Topsent, 1896 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 103,286 Soanicyathoidea Rozanov, 1964 ,..,,.,.,.,.,.,..,,..,.,,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,. 1556 Spongelia Nardo, 1847 .,,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,..,,..,.,,.,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,,,. 1062 Soestella De Weerdt, 2000 (subgen.) .,,.,.,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,..,.,.,,.,.,.. 871 SpongeJia; Schmidt, 1862 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 1062 Solactiniella Mehl & Reitner, 1993 ,.,.,.,.,..,.,.,,.,.,..,.,.,,.,.,.,..,.,,.,..,,.,.. 1215 Spongelidae Schulze, 1879 ,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,..,.,,..,.,,.,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,..,,..,.,.. 1061 Solanderia Duchassaing & Michelin, 1846 """"""""""""""""""'" 1702 Spongia (Australospongia) Cook & Bergquist, 2001 .,,.,.,..,,.,..,,.,.,.,. 1054 Soleneiscidae nom. nov. (Borojevic et al.) .,,..,,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,..,.. 1144 Spongia (Heterofibria) Cook & Bergquist, 2001 """"""""""""""" 1055 Soleneiscus nom. nov. (Borojevic et al.) ,.,.,..,.,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,.,..,.,,.,.. 1144 Spongia (Spongia) Linnaeus, 1759 .,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,. 1054 [Solenidandra] Haeckel, 1872 .,,..,,.,..,,.,.,.,..,.,,.,.,..,.,.,,.,.,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.. 1705 Spongia Linnaeus, 1759 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 1052 [Solenidium] Haeckel, 1872 ,.,..,,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,..,,. 1705 Spongiidae Gray, 1867 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 1021,1051 [Soleniscaltis] Haeckel, 1872 ,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,..,,..,.,,.,..,,.,..,,..,,.,. 1705 Spongil/a Lamarck, 1816 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""'" 926 [Soleniscandra] Haeckel, 1872 ,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,. 1705 Spongillidae Gray, 1867 ,..,,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,..,,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,. 925 [Soleniscetta] Haeckel, 1872 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""'" 1705 Spongillina subord. nov. (Manconi & Pronzato) ,..,,.,.,.,.,..,.,,..,,.. 832,921 [Soleniscidae] Borojevic, Boury-Esnault, Vacelet, 1990 ,.,..,,..,,.,.,..,. 1144 Spongionella Bowerbank, 1862 """""""""""""""""""""""""""'" 1073 [Soleniscilla] Haeckel, 1872 ,.,..,,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,. 1705 Spongocardium Kirkpatrick, 1902 """""""""""""""""""""""""""" 94 [Soleniscortis] Haeckel, 1872 ,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,. 1705 Spongosorites Topsent, 1896 ,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,.. 811 [Solenisculmis] Haeckel, 1872 ,.,.,.,.,.,..,,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,..,..,. 1705 Spongosoritidae Topsent, 1928 .,,..,,.,.,..,,..,.,,..,,.,.,.,..,,..,,,.,,.,.,..,,..,,..,,. 787 [Soleniscus] Haeckel, 1869 ,.,.,..,,..,,..,,.,.,.,..,.,,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.. 1705 Sporadopyle Zittel, 1877 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""'" 1221 [Soleniscus]; Borojevic, Boury-Esnault, Vacelet, 1990 """""""""'" 1144 Sporadoscinia Pomel, 1872 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""'" 1221 [Soleniscyssa] Haeckel, 1872 .,,.,.,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,..,.,..,,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,,,.,.,.. 1705 Sporadoscinidae Schrammen, 1912 """"""""""""""""""""""""'" 1221 Solenolmia Pomel, 1872 ,..,.,,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,..,,. 1522 Spuma Miklucho-Maclay, 1870 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""'" 805 Solenolmiidae Engeser, 1986 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 1521 Squamella Belyaeva in Boiko et aZ., 1991 """""""""""""""""""'" 1522 [Solenula] Haeckel, 1872 ,.,.,.,..,,..,.,,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,..,,.,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,. 1705 Squamosocyathus Zhuravleva, 1960 """""""""""""""""""""""'" 1602 [Solenulandra] Haeckel, 1872 ,.,.,.,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,.,.,..,,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.. 1705 Stachyspongia Zittel, 1878 ,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,.,..,,.,..,,..,,..,,.,.,.,..,,..,,..,,.,.,..,,.,. 398 [Solenuletta] Haeckel, 1872 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""'''''' 1705 Stannarium Haeckel, 1889 ,.,.,.,..,,..,,.,..,.,,..,.,,..,,..,,.,.,..,,.,..,,.,.,..,,.,.,. 1702 xliv Index of Higher Taxa to Volumes 1 and 2

Stannoma Haeckel, 1889 ...... 1702 Strongylophora Dendy, 1905 ...... 913 Stannophyllum Haeckel, 1889 ...... 1702 Stryphnus Sollas, 1886 ...... 117 Stapicyathus Debrenne, 1964 ...... 1562 Stylaxia Topsent, 1913 ...... 661 Statanulocyathus Debrenne, 1975 ...... 1633 Stylaxinella Vacelet, 1960 ...... 661 Stauractinella Zittel, 1877 ...... 1216 Stylinos Topsent, 1891 ...... '" ...... 807 Staurocalyptus Ijima, 1897 ...... 1451 [Stylinos] Topsent, 1892 ...... 664 Stauroderma Zittel, 1877 .. , ...... 1219 Stylissa Hallmann, 1914 ...... 783 Staurodermatidae Zittel, 1878 ...... 1219 Stylocalyx Schulze, 1886 ...... 1233 Stauronema Sollas, 1877 ...... 1217 Stylocordyla Thomson, 1873 ...... 224 [Staurorrhaphidae] Jenkin, 1908 ...... 1180 Stylocordylidae Topsent, 1892 ...... 224 Stegilla Bowerbank, 1874 ...... 580 Stylocordylidae; Topsent, 1928 ...... 172 Stegxella Bowerbank, 1874 ...... 580 Stylohalina Kirk, 1909 ...... 807 Steinmannia Waagen & Wentzel, 1888 ...... 1522 Styloptilon Cabioch, 1968 ...... '" ...... 609 Stelidium Schrammen, 1924 ...... 399 Stylopus Fristedt, 1885 ...... 580 Stellarispongia Rigby, 1976 ...... 1133 Stylorhiza Schmidt, 1880 ...... 224 Stelletta (part) Schmidt, 1862 ...... 135 Stylospira de Laubenfels, 1934 .. ,...... 513 Stelletta Schmidt, 1862 ...... 110 Stylostichon Topsent, 1892 ...... 585 Stellettidae Carter, 1875 ...... 108 Stylotella Lendenfeld, 1888 ...... 807 Stellettina Carter, 1875 ...... 108 Stylotellinae Lendenfeld, 1888 ...... 787 Stellettinopsis Carter, 1879 ...... 118 Stylotellinae sensu Wiedenmayer, 1989 ...... 521 Stelligera Gray, 1867 ...... 194 Stylotellopsis Thiele, 1905 ...... 447 [Stellispongia] Orbigny, 1849 ...... 1702 Stylothalamia Ott, 1967 ...... 54,1533 Stellitethya Sara, 1994 ...... 258 Stylothalamiidae Ott, 1967 ...... 1533 Stellogeodia Czerniavsky, 1880 ...... 138 Stylotrichophora Dendy, 1895 ...... 524 [Stellospongia] Marshall, 1880 ...... 1036 Subascosymplegma Termier et ai., 1977 ...... 60 Stelodoryx Topsent, 1904 ...... 619 Suberanthus Lendenfeld, 1896 ...... 240 [Stelospongia] Schulze, 1879 ...... 1036 Suberea Bergquist, 1995 ...... 1095 [Stelospongos] Schmidt, 1870 ...... 1036 Suberella Thiele, 1905 ...... 240 [Stelospongus] Ridley, 1884 ...... 1036 [Suberella] Burton, 1929 ...... 240 Stelotrochota Bakus, 1966 ...... 603 Suberitechinus de Laubenfels, 1949 ...... 218 Stematumenia Bowerbank, 1845 ...... 1023 Suberites Nardo, 1833 ...... 240 Stenospongia Burton, 1928 ...... 1024 Suberitidae Schmidt, 1870 ...... 172 Stephenicyathus A Zhuravlev, 1987 ...... 1609 Suberitidae; Vosmaer, 1887 ...... 227 Stephenospongia Rigby, 1986 ...... 1213, 1215 Suberitidinae Schmidt, 1870 ...... 227 Stereina de Laubenfels, 1955 ...... 1118, 1185 Suberotelites Schmidt, 1868 ...... 585 Stereochlamis Schrammen, 1912 ...... 1290 Subtilocyathus Vologdin, 1960 ...... 1557 Stereodictyidae Finks, 1960 ...... 1213 Subtumulocyathellus Osadchaya, 1979 ...... 1597 Stereodictyum Finks, 1960 ...... 1213 Sulcastrella Schmidt, 1879 ...... 361 Sterrastrolepis Volkmer-Ribeiro & De Rosa Barbosa, 1978 ...... 1011 Svenzea Alvarez et ai., 2002 ...... 783 Sterrastrosa Sollas, 1887 ...... 106, 134 Svetlanocyathus Missarzhevskiy & Rozanov, 1962 ...... 1573 Stevocyathus Debrenne, 1989 ...... 1664 Swartschewskia Makuschok, 1927 ...... 973 Stichophyma Pomel, 1872 ...... 398 [Sycaltaga] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 Stillicidocyathus Ting, 1937 ...... 1572 [Sycaltis] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 Stioderma Finks, 1960 ...... 1214 [Sycaltusa] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 Stiodermatidae Finks, 1960 ...... 1214 Sycandra Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1164 Stoeba Sollas, 1888 ...... 155 [Sycandrarium] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 Stratospongilla Annandale, 1909 ...... 961 [Sycandrometral Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 Strephinia Hinde, 1883 ...... 1219 [Sycandrophylluml Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 Strepsichordaia Bergquist, Ayling & Wilkinson, 1988 ., ...... 1048 Sycantha Lendenfeld, 1891 ...... 1170 [Streptasteridae] Topsent, 1928 ...... 108 Sycanthidae Lendenfeld, 1891 ...... 1169 Streptastrosa Sollas, 1888 ...... 106,141 [Sycarium] Haeckel, 1869 ...... 1705 [Streptoconus] Jenkin, 1908 ...... 1705 Sycetta Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1162 Streptosc1erina Reid, 1963 ...... 106 Sycettaga Haeckel, 1872 ...... , '" .. , ... 1146 Streptosc1erophorida Dendy, 1924 ...... 106 [Sycettida] Hartman, 1958 ...... 1106 Striataspongia Howell, 1952 ...... 398 Sycettidae Dendy, 1892 ...... 1162 Strobilospongia Beecher, 1889 ...... 1214 [Sycettopa] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1705 Stromatidiidae Finks, 1960 ...... 1215 Sycettusa Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1175 Stromatidium Girty, 1909 ...... 1215 [Sycidium] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1705 Stromatocoelia Zhang & Fan, 1985 ...... 1522 [Sycilla] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 Stromatopora Goldfuss, 1826 ...... 59,70 [Sycinula] Schmidt, 1868 ...... 1705 Stromatoporellidae Lecompte, 1951 ...... 70 [Sycinulandra] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 Stromatoporidae Nicholson, 1886 ...... 70 [Sycissa] Lendenfeld, 1887 ...... 1705 Stromatoporoidea Nicholson & Murie, 1878 ...... 11,59,70 [Sycocmpus] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1705 Stromatospongia Hartman, 1969 ...... 60,69,830 [Sycocerus] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1705 Strongylacidon Lendenfeld, 1897 ...... 527 [Sycocubus] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1705 Strongylamma Hallmann, 1917 ...... 627 [Sycocystandra] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1705 Strongylodesma Levi, 1969 ...... 718 [Sycocystis] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1705 Index of Higher Taxa to Volumes 1 and 2 xlv

[Sycocystortis] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 Tabellaecyathidae Fonin, 1963 ...... 1677 [Sycodenandrum] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 Tabellaecyathoidea Fonin, 1963 ...... 1677 [Sycodendrum] Haeckel, 1869 ...... 1705 Tablis de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 449 [Sycodoranna] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1705 Taboga de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 248 [SycodoriUa] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1705 Tabulacyathellus Missarzhevskiy, 1964 ...... 1672 SycodorusHaeckel, 1872 ...... 1166 Tabulacyathida Vologdin, 1956 ...... 1638 [Sycodorussa] Haeckel, 1892 ...... 1705 Tabulacyathus Vologdin, 1932 ...... 1638 [Sycolepis] Haeckel, 1869 ...... 1705 Tabulata Milne-Edwards & Haime, 1850 ...... 13,59 [Sycolepsis] Lendenfeld, 1885 ...... 1705 Tabulocalyx Pultizer-Finali, 1992 ...... 904 [Sycometra] Haeckel, 1869 ...... 1705 Tabulospongia Mori, 1976 ...... 276 Sycon Risso, 1826 ...... 1162 Tabulospongiidae Mori, 1976 ...... 169,275 [Syconcystandra] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 Taegeria Schulze, 1886 ...... 1415 [Syconella] Schmidt, 1868 ...... 1705 Taegerinae Schulze, 1886 ...... 1413 [Syconellandra] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 Taeniaecyathellus Zhuravleva, 1960 ...... 1677 [Syconellortis] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 Taguilla Bowerbank, 1874 ...... 176 Syconessa Borojevic et al., 2000 ...... 1175 Takreamina Fontaine, 1962 ...... 1522 [Syconidae] Haeckel, 1869 ...... 1162 Talacastonia Beresi & Rigby, 1993 ...... 389 [Sycophractus] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 Talpaspongia King, 1943 ...... 1139 [Sycophyllum] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1705 Taonura Carter, 1882 ...... 1032 [Sycorrhiza] Haeckel, 1869 ...... 1705 Tapiliata Bowerbank, 1874 ...... 176 [Sycorrhyza] Vosmaer, 1886 ...... 1705 Taplowia Rigby & Webby, 1988 ...... 391 [Sycortarium] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 Taprobane Dendy, 1905 ...... 304 [Sycortis] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 Taprobaneidae de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 302 [Sycortopa] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 [Tarraltis] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 [Sycortusa] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 [Tarrandra] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 [Sycostrobus] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1705 [Tarretta] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 [Sycothamnaltis] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 [Tarrilla] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1706 [Sycothamnandra] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 [Tarroma] Haeckel, 1869 ...... 1706 [Sycothamnetta] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 [Tarromandra] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1706 [Sycothamnus] Haeckel, 1869 ...... 1705 [Tarropsandra] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1706 [Syculmarium] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 [Tarropsetta] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1706 [Syculmis] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 [Tarropsis] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1706 [Sycum] Agassiz, 1846 ...... 1705 [Tarrus] Haeckel, 1869 ...... 1706 [Sycuraltis] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1705 Tatijanaecyathidae Korshunov, 1976 ...... 1633 [Sycurandra] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 Taylorcyathus Vologdin, 1955 ...... 1572 [Sycuretta] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 Tayloifungia Perejon, 1989 ...... 1572 [Sycurilla] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 Tchojacyathidae Debrenne & A Zhuravlev, 1992 ...... 1656 [Sycurortis] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 Tchojacyathus Rozanov, 1960 ...... 1656 [Sycurus] Haeckel, 1870 ...... 1705 Tebagathalamiidae Senowbari-Daryan & Rigby, 1988 ...... 1519 Sycute Dendy & Row, 1913 ...... 1165 Technitella Norman, 1878 ...... 1702 Sycyssa Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1184 Tectitethya Sara, 1994 ...... 259 [Sycyssarium] Haeckel, 1872 ...... 1705 Tedandoryx de Laubenfels, 1954 ...... 532 Syltispongia van Kempen, 1990 ...... 389 Tedania (Tedania) Gray, 1867 ...... 629 Syltrochos Von Hacht, 1981 ...... 392 Tedania (Tedaniopsis) Dendy, 1924 ...... 630 Sylviacoscinidae Debrenne et aI., 1989 ...... 1631 Tedania (Trachytedania) Ridley, 1881 ...... 632 Sylviacoscinus Debrenne, 1974 ...... 1631 Tedania Gray, 1867 ...... 628 Sympagella Schmidt, 1870 ...... 1503 Tedaniae Burton, 1932 ...... 625 Sympagellidae de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 1441 Tedaniella C7erniavsky, 1879 ...... 912 Symplasma Reiswig & Mackie, 1983 ...... 11 Tedaniidae Ridley & Dendy, 1886 ...... 520, 625 Symplectella Dendy, 1924 ...... 1431 Tedaniina Ridley & Dendy, 1886 ...... 625 Sympyla Sollas, 1888 ...... 302 Tedanione sensu Dendy, 1922 ...... 627 Synops Vosmaer, 1882 ...... 139 Tedanione Wilson, 1894 ...... 799 [Synops] Sollas, 1886 ...... 139 Tedaniophorbas de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 426 Synute Dendy, 1892 ...... 1166 Tedaniopsamma Burton, 1934 ...... 524 [Syringella] Ridley, 1884 ...... 478 Tedaniopsis Dendy, 1924 ...... 628 Syringidium Schmidt, 1880 ...... 1312 Teganiella Rigby, 1979 ...... 1216 Syringocnema Taylor, 1910 ...... 1683 Tegerocyathidae Krasnopeeva, 1972 ...... 1588 Syringocnematidae; Ting, 1937 ...... 1683 Tegerocyathus Krasnopeeva, 1955 ...... 1588 Syringocnematidae Vologdin, 1928 ...... 1683 [Tegerocyathus] Krasnopeeva, 1953 ...... 1588 Syringocnemidae Taylor, 1910 ...... 1683 Teichaxinella de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 727 Syringocnemididae Debenne, 1964 ...... 1683 [Teichonella] Carter, 1878 ...... 1706 Syringocnemidina Okulitch, 1935 ...... 1681 Teichonopsis Dendy & Row, 1913 ...... 1165 Syringocnemidoidea Taylor, 1910 ...... 1683 Tenacia Schmidt, 1870 ...... 447 Syringocyathus Vologdin, 1940 ...... 1588 Tenaciella Hallmann, 1920 ...... 444 Syringostroma Nicholson, 1875 ...... 59 Tennericyathus Rozanov, 1969 ...... 1566 Syringostromatidae Lecompte, 1951 ...... 70 [Tenthrenodes] Jenkin, 1908 ...... 1706 Syringothalamus Debrenne, Gangloff & A Zhuravlev, 1990 ...... 1685 Tentorina Burton, 1959 ...... 104 xlvi Index of Higher Taxa to Volumes 1 and 2

Tentorium Vosmaer, 1887 ...... 215 Thie/eia Burton, 1932 ...... 807 Tercyathacea Zhuravleva, 1960 ...... 1610 Thisiphonia Lendenfeld, 1887 ...... 156 Tercyathellus Borodina, 1974 ...... 1613 [Tholiasterella] Hinde, 1887 ...... 1137 Tercyathidae Vologdin, 1939 ...... 1612 Thooce de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 183 [Tercyathidae] Vologdin, 1937 ...... 1612 Thoosa Hancock, 1849 ...... 183 Tercyathoidea Vologdin, 1939 ...... 1610 Thoosidae Rosell & Uriz, 1997 ...... 169,173,281 Tercyathus Vologdin 1939 ...... 1612 Thorecta Lendenfeld, 1888 ...... 1032 Tereus Gray, 1867 ...... 609 Thorectandra Lendenfeld, 1889 ...... 1035 Terpios Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 ...... 243 Thorectaxia Pulitzer-Finali & Pronzato, 1999 ...... 1042 Terpiosella Burton, 1930 ...... 234 Thorectidae Bergquist, 1978 ...... 1021, 1028 Terraecyathus Zhuravleva, 1974 ...... 1577 Thorectinae Bergquist, 1978 ...... 1029 [Tetella] Gray, 1870 ...... 93 Thorectopsamma Burton, 1934 ...... 1030 [Tethea] Johnston, 1842 ...... 1702 Thrinacophora Ridley, 1885 ...... 493 [Tetheum] Blainville, 1834 ...... 1702 Thrinacophorinae subfam. nov. (Hooper) ...... 493 [Tethium] Blainville, 1830 ...... 1702 Thrombidae Sollas, 1888 ...... 105, 163 Tethya Lamarck, 1814 ...... 248 Thrombus Sollas, 1886 ...... 163 [Tethya] Oken, 1815 ...... 1702 Thymosia Topsent, 1895 ...... 295 Tethyadae Gray, 1848 ...... , ...... 245 Thymosiopsis Vacelet & Perez, 1998 ...... 296 Tethyastra gen. nov. (Sara) ...... 261 Tiddalickia Rigby & Webby, 1988 ...... 1212 Tethycometes Sara, 1994 ...... 262 Tillichtia Dresnay, Termier & Termier, 1978 ...... 1216 Tethycordyla de Laubenfels, 1934 ...... 253 Timea Gray, 1867 ...... 266 Tethydae; Lendenfeld, 1907 ...... 85 Timeidae Topsent, 1928 ...... 171, 266 Tethyidae Gray, 1848 ...... ,...... '" .,...... 171, 245 Timeinae Topsent, 1928 ...... 266 Tethyidae; Sollas, 1888 ...... 245 Timeopsis Levi, 1958 ...... 266 [Tethyina] Carter, 1875 ...... 85 Tisiphonia Thomson, 1869 ...... 156 Tethyophaena Schmidt, 1880 ...... 228 Tisrone de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 557 Tethyopsilla Lendenfeld, 1888 ...... 92 Tollicyathus Chemysheva, 1960 ...... 1657 Tethyopsillidae Lendenfeld, 1903 ...... , ...... 85 Tologoicyathus Voronin, 1988 ...... 1597 Tethyopsis Steward, 1870 ...... 112 Tomocyathidae Debrenne, Rozanov & A Zhuravlev, 1989 ...... 1648 Tethyorrhaphis Lendenfeld, 1888 ...... 248 Tomocyathus (Erugatocyathus) Debreene, 1969 ...... 1625 Tethyspira Topsent, 1890 ...... 786 Toomeyospongia Rigby et aI., 1982 ...... 1214 Tethytimea de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 263 Topsentia Berg, 1899 ...... 813 [Tethyum] Lieberkiihn, 1859 ...... 1702 Toquimiella Rigby, 1967 ...... 1127 Tetilla Schmidt, 1868 ...... 96 Torosocyathella Kotel'nikov, 1995 ...... 1594 Tetillidae Sollas, 1886 ...... 83 Torosocyathellus Osadchaya, 1979 ...... 1591 Tetracladidae Zittel, 1878 ...... 299 Torosocyathidae fam. nov. (Debrenne, A Zhuravlev & Kruse) ...... 1595 Tetracladina Zittel, 1878 ...... 106, 1533 Torosocyathus Kashina, 1972 ...... 1594 Tetractina Vosmaer, 1885 ...... 105 Toxadocia de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 867 Tetractinellida Marshall, 1876 ...... 16, 105 [Toxemma] de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 643 Tetractinellidae Sollas, 1880 ...... 16 Toxemna Hallmann, 1917 ...... 643 Tetractinomorpha Levi, 1953 ...... 16,57 Toxiclona de Laubenfels, 1954 ...... 856 Tetranthella Lendenfeld, 1894 ...... 548 Toxochalina Ridley, 1884 ...... 844 Tetrapocillon Br!2!ndsted, 1924 ...... 654 [Trachicaulus] Tabachnick, 1988 ...... 1411 Tetraproctosia Rauff, 1938 ...... 1522 Trachostylea Topsent, 1928 ...... 480 Tetraxonia Dendy, 1905 ...... 16 Trachya Carter, 1870 ...... 228 Textiliforma Carter, 1885 ...... 704 Trachycaulus Schulze, 1886 ...... 141/ Textispongia Quenstedt, 1877 ...... 1702 Trachycladidae Hallmann, 1917 ...... 171, 268 Thalamida de Laubenfels, 1955 ...... 1511 Trachycladus Carter, 1879 ...... 102, 269 Thalamocyathellus Osadchaya, 1979 ...... 1572 Trachyforcepia Topsent, 1904 ...... 532 Thalamocyathus Gordon, 1920 ...... 1577 Trachygellius Topsent, 1894 ...... 96, 102 Thalamopora Romer, 1840 ...... 1119, 1532 Trachynotidae Schrammen, 1924 ...... 398 Thalassodendron Lendenfeld, 1888 ...... 447 Trachyopsi/la Burton, 1931 ...... 799 Thalassomora Lendenfeld, 1888 ...... I HI Trachyopsis Dendy, 1905 ...... 799 Thalyseurypon de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 437 Trachyspongilla Dybowsky, 1878 ...... 937 Thalysias Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 ...... 447 Trachysycon Zittel, 1878 ...... 399 [Thamnonema] Ijima, 1927 ...... 1255 Trachytedania Ridley, 1881 ...... 628 Thamnospongia Hinde, 1883 ...... 402 Trachyteleia Topsent, 1928 ...... 218 Thaumastocoelia Steinmann, 1882 ...... 1516 [Tragium] Oken, 1815 ...... 1702 Thaumastocoeliidae Ott, 1967 ...... 1521 [Tragos] Schweigger, 1819 ...... 1702 [Thecometra] Haeckel, 1869 ...... 1706 Tragosia Gray, 1867 ...... 727 [Thecophora] Schmidt 1870 ...... 215 Trefortia Deszo, 1880 ...... 414 Thecosiphonia Zittel, 1878 ...... 400 Tremabolites Zittel, 1877 ...... 1222 Thenea Gray, 1867 ...... 156 Tremacystia Hinde, 1883 ...... 1119, 1522 Theneidae Carter, 1883 ...... 141 Tremadictyon Zittel, 1877 ...... 1290 Theonella Gray, 1868 ...... 335,402 Tremaphorus Schrammen, 1937 ...... 1218 Theonellidae Lendenfeld, 1903 ...... 300,327,401 Tremaulidiidae de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 338 Theuca Lundbeck, 1907 ...... 156 Tremaulidium Schmidt, 1879 ...... 341 Index of Higher Taxa to Volumes 1 and 2 xlvii

Tretocalia Hinde, 1900 ...... 1188 Tylosigma Topsent, 1894 ...... 580 Tretocalycidae Schulze, 1904 ...... 1341 Uliczka de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 90 Tretocalyx Schulze, 1900 ...... 1351 Ulosa de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 661 Tretochone Reid, 1958 ...... 1327 Umborotula Penney & Racek, 1968 ...... 964 Tretodictyidae Schulze, 1886 ...... 1281, 1341 Uncinatera Topsent, 1901 ...... 1374 [Tretodictyidae] Schulze, 1885 ...... 1341 Uncinateridae fam.nov. (Reiswig) ...... 1361, 1372 Tretodictyum Schulze, 1886 ...... 1353 Uplexoa de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 752 [Tretodictyum] Schulze, 1885 ...... 1353 Uralocyathellidae Zhuravleva, 1964 ...... 1643 Tretolophus Sollas, 1888 ...... 353 Uranosphaeridae R. & J. Bedford, 1936 ...... 1122 Tretopleura Ijima, 1927 ...... 1373 Urcyathella Zhuravleva, 1961 ...... 1583 Tretorete Ijima, 1927 ...... 1290 Urcyathus Vologdin, 1940 ...... 1563 Triaenosa Sollas, 1888 ...... 299 Uritaia Burton, 1932 ...... 807 Triaxonia Schulze, 1886 ...... 1201 Uruguaya Carter, 1881 ...... 1013 [Tribrachion] WeHner, 1882 ...... 123 Uruguayella Bonetto & Ezcurra de Drago, 1969 ...... 968 Tribrachium Weltner, 1882 ...... 123 U sloncyathidae Fonin, 1966 ...... 1679 [Tricentrium] Ridley, 1879 ...... 499 Usloncyathoidea Fonin, 1966 ...... 1679 Trichaptella Filhol, 1885 ...... 1427 Usloncyathus Fonin, 1966 ...... 1679 Trichasterina Schulze, 1900 ...... 1487 Ussuricyathellus Voronin, 1988 ...... 1578 Tricheurypon Topsent, 1928 ...... 488 Ussuricyathus Okunera, 1973 ...... 1577 Trichogypsia Carter, 1871 ...... 1197 Ute Dendy & Row, 1913 ...... 1165 Trichogypsiidae Borojevic et at., 2000 ...... 1196 Uteinae Breitfuss, 1932 ...... 1163 [Trichostemma] Sars, 1869 ...... 213 [Utella] Dendy, 1891 ...... 1706 Tricranocladina Reid, 1968 ...... 392 Uteopsis Dendy & Row, 1913 ...... 1174 Trikentrion Ehlers, 1870 ...... 499 Uvanella Reitner, 1987 ...... 54 Trininaecyathus Zhuravleva, 1960 ...... 1573 Vaceletia Pickett, 1982 ...... 64, 1097, 1 U8, 15U Triptolemma de Laubenfels, 1955 ...... 158 Vaceletiidae Reitner & Engeser, 1985 ...... 1097, 1532 [Triptolemus] Sollas, 1888 ...... 158 Vagocia de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 895 Triticispongia Mehl & Reitner, 1993 ...... 1215 Valedictyum de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 473 Trochobolus Zittel, 1877 ...... 1222 Valentis de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 704 [Trochoderma] Ridley & Dendy, 1886 ...... 640 Vandonia Rigby & Webby, 1988 ...... 389 Trochospongilla Vejdovsky, 1888 ...... 963 Vankempenia Von Hacht, 1994 ...... 389 Troegerella Ulbrich, 1874 ...... 1223 Vaurelispongia Rigby, 1974 ...... 1214 Trypespongia de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 1057 Vauxia Walcott, 1920 ...... 1117 Tsitsikamma gen. nov. (Samaai & Kelly) ...... 718 Vauxiidae Walcott, 1920 ...... 56 [Tuba] Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 ...... 836 Vazella Gray, 1870 ...... 1488 Tubella Carter, 1881 ...... 987 Velaria Nardo ...... 1702 Tuberella Keller, 1880 ...... 228 Velinea Vosmaer, 1883 ...... 1073 Tubericyathidae Debrenne et at., 1989 ...... 1645 Veluspa Miklucho-Mac1ay, 1870 ...... 863 Tubericyathus Vologdin, 1977 ...... 1645 Ventriculites Mantell, 1822 ...... 1221 Tubicoscinus Debrenne, 1989 ...... 1635 Ventriculitidae Smith, 1848 ...... 1221 [Tubulodigitidae] Carter, 1875 ...... 835 Verongia Bowerbank, 1845 ...... 1083 Tubulodigitus Carter, 1881 ...... 849 Verongida Bergquist, 1978 ...... 1081 Tulearinia Vacelet, 1977 ...... 1191 Verongiidae de Laubenfels, 1932 ...... 1082 Tumata de Laubenfels, 1936 ...... 790 Verongula Verrill, 1907 ...... 1084 Tumulifungia Zhuravleva, 1968 ...... 1596 Veronicacyathidae fam. nov. (Debrenne, A Zhuravlev & Kruse) ...... 1625 Tumulifungiidae Rozanov, 1989 ...... 1595 Veronicacyathus Debrenne, 1973 ...... 1625 [Tumulifungiidae] Rozanov, 1973 ...... 1595 Verrucocoelia Etallon, 1859 ...... 1216 Tumuliolynthidae Rozanov, 1966 ...... 1550 Verrucocoeloidea Reid, 1969 ...... 1329 Tumuliolynthus Zhuravleva, 1963 ...... 1550 Verrucodesma Lagneau-Herenger, 1962 ...... 402 Tumulocoscinidae Zhuravleva, 1960 ...... 1627 Verruculina Zittel, 1878 ...... 398 Tumulocoscinus Zhuravleva, 1960 ...... 1627 Verticillites Defrance, 1829 ...... 66,1532 Tumulocyathacea Debrenne, 1964 ...... 1590 Verticillitida Termier & Termier in Termier et al., 1977 ...... 1097, 1532 Tumulocyathellus Zhuravleva, 1989 ...... 1591 Verticillitidae Steinmann, 1882 ...... 1097,1532 Tumulocyathidae Krasnopeeva, 1953 ...... 1590 Vetulina Schmidt, 1879 ...... 363 Tumulocyathoidea Krasnopeeva, 1953 ...... 1590 Vetulinidae Lendenfeld, 1903 ...... 300,363,396 Tumulocyathoides Boyavinov & Konyaeva, 1997 ...... 1590 Vibulinus Gray, 1867 ...... 194 Tumulocyathus Vologdin, 1937 ...... 1683 Viles de Laubenfels, 1934 ...... 813 [Tupha] Oken, 1814 ...... 937 Vioa Nardo, 1833 ...... 176 Turonia Michelin, 1846 ...... 400 Vitrea Thomson, 1868 ...... 1201 Tuvacnema Debrenne & A Zhuravlev, 1990 ...... 1683 Vitrollula Ijima, 1898 ...... 1490 Tuvacnemididae Debrenne & A Zhuravlev, 1990 ...... 1683 Vityaziella Tabachnick, 1997 ...... 1412 Twenhofella Rigby, 1974 ...... 1214 Vologdinocyathellus Konyushkov, 1972 ...... 1607 Tylaspis Levi & Levi, 1983 ...... 190 Vologdinocyathidae Yaroshevich, 1957 ...... 1586 Tylexocladus Topsent, 1898 ...... 207 Vologdinocyathus Yaroshevich, 1957 ...... 1587 TylocyathidaeAZhuravlev, 1988 ...... 1643 [Volvulina] Schmidt, 1880 ...... 1343 Tylocyathus Vologdin, 1977 ...... 1643 Volvulinidae Schulze, 1885 ...... 1341 Tylodesma Thiele, 1903 ...... 642 Volzia Rosell & Uriz, 1997 ...... 185 xlviii Index of Higher Taxa to Volumes 1 and 2

Vomerula Schmidt, 1880 ..... " ...... 667 Xestecyathidae Debrenne et ai., 1989 ,,",,",,",,"""""""""""""""". 1622 Vomerulinae Ridley & Dendy, 1886 """""""""""""""""""""""""" 665 Xestecyathus Kruse, 1982 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 1622 Vosmaeria Fristedt, 1885 """",,"",,",,",,",,"""""",,",,"""""",,",,",,. 815 Xestospongia de Laubenfels, 1932 """"""""""""""""""""""""""" 916 [Vosmaeria] Lendenfeld, 1885 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""" 1706 Xylospongia Herenger, 1944 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""". 1223 Vosmaeropsis Dendy, 1892 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 1177 Xytopsaga de Laubenfels, 1936 """,,""""",,",,"""""""""""""""",,. 569 Vulcanella (Annulastrella) subgen. nov. (Maldonado) """"",,,,""",," 160 Xytopsene de Laubenfels, 1936 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""". 420 Vulcanella (Vulcanella) Sollas, 1886 """"""""""""""""""""""""". 159 Xytopsihis de Laubenfels, 1936 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""'" 628 Vulcanella Sollas, 1886 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""". 159 Xytopsiphum de Laubenfels, 1950 """"""""""""""""""""""""""'" 527 Waagenella de Laubenfels, 1955 """"""""""""""""""""""""""". 1522 Xytopsoocha de Laubenfels, 1936 """""""""""""""""""""""""",,. 529 Wagima Kruse, 1987 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 1136, 1532 Xytopsues de Laubenfels, 1936 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""". 527 Walcotella de Laubenfels, 1955 """""""""""""""""""""""""""". 1219 Yarrrowigahia Rigby & Webby, 1988 """""""""""""""""""""""'" 389 Waldoschmittia de Laubenfels, 1936 """"""""""""""""""""""""". 529 Yhecyathus Belyaeva & Yuan, 1995 """"""""""""""""""""""""" 1618 Walteria Schulze, 1886 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 1433 Yodomia Lebwohl, 1914 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 147 Waltherarndtia de Laubenfels, 1936 """"""""""""""""""""""""'" 501 Ysila de Laubenfels, 1936 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 621 Wapkiosidae de Laubenfels, 1955 """""""""""""""""""""""""'" 1301 [Ysiphonia] de Laubenfels, 1936 """"""""""""""""""""""""""". 1702 Warrigalia Rigby & Webby, 1988 """"""""",,",,",,",,",,"",,",,"",,,,. 391 Yudjaicyathus A Zhuravlev, 1983 "",,""""",,",,"""""",,",,""""""" 1605 Warriootacyathidae Debrenne & A Zhuravlev, 1992 """"""""""",,. 1676 Yukonocyathus Handfield, 1971 ,,"",,"""""""""""""""""""""""" 1601 Warriootacyathoidea Debrenne & A Zhurav1ev, 1992 """"""""""". 1676 Yvesia Topsent, 1892 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""'" 557 Warriootacyathus Gravestock, 1984 """""""""""""""""""""""". 1676 Yvesiella de Laubenfels, 1936 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""". 557 Weberella Vosmaer, 1885 """""""""""""""",,",,",,",,",,",,",,"",,"" 213 Yvesiorbas de Laubenfels, 1936 ,,"",,",,",,",,",,"",,",,""""",,"",,""" 557 Wetmoreus de Laubenfels, 1936 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""" 441 Zangerlispongia Rigby & Nitecki, 1975 """"""""""""""""""""". 1127 Wewokella Girty, 1912 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""". 1137 Zaplethea de Laubenfels, 1950 ",,",,"""""""""""""""""""""""""" 114 Wewokellida Croneis & Toomey, 1965 """""""""""""""""""""". 1121 Zetekispongia de Laubenfels, 1936 """""""""""""""""""""""""". 540 Wewokellidae King, 1943 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""'" 1136 Zetekopsis de Laubenfels, 1936 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""". 540 Wienbergia Clausen, 1982 """"""""""""""""""""""""""". 1097,1522 Zhuravlevaecyathidae Rozanov, 1989 """"""""""""""""""""""". 1557 Wigginsia de Laubenfels, 1953 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 428 [Zhuravlevaecyathidae] Rozanov, 1973 """""""""""""""""""""". 1557 Willardia Willenz & Pomponi, 1996 """"""""""""""""""""""""". 277 Zhuravlevaecyathus Rozanov, 1964 """"""""""""""""""""""""" 1557 Williamicyathus A Zhuravlev, 1987 """"""""""""""""""""""""" 1685 Zonacoscinidae Debrenne, 1971 """"""""""""""""""""""""""". 1626 Wilsa de Laubenfels, 1930 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""'" 532 Zanacoscinus Debrenne, 1971 """"""""""""""""""""""""""'"'''' 1627 Wilsonella Carter, 1885 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""". 439 Zonacyathellus Zhuravleva, 1974 """"""""""""""""""""""""""" 1579 Wongaspongia Rigby & Webby, 1988 """"""""""""",,",,",,",,"",,. 1215 Zonacyathus R Bedford & J Bedford, 1937 """"""""""""""""""" 1581 Wrighticyathidae Kruse, 1978 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""". 1615 Zottea de Laubenfels, 1936 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""". 540 Wrighticyathus Kruse, 1978 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 1615 Zunyicyathus Debrenne, Kruse & Zhang, 1991 """""""""""""""" 1680 Wyvillethomsonia Wright, 1870 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""" 156 Zygherpe de Laubenfels, 1932 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 667 Xenoschrammenum de Laubenfels, 1955 """"""""""""""""""""" 1223 Zygomycale Topsent, 1930 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 687 Xenospongia Gray, 1858 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""". 264 Zyzzya de Laubenfels, 1936 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""". 430 Xenospongiidae Carter, 1882 """"""""""""""""""""""""""" 169,245