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Kajian Macam Spesies Uret Dan Musuh Alaminya Pada Tanaman Stroberi Di Desa Kalisoro Tawangmangu Karanganyar

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Kajian Macam Spesies Uret Dan Musuh Alaminya Pada Tanaman Stroberi Di Desa Kalisoro Tawangmangu Karanganyar 28 KAJIAN MACAM SPESIES URET DAN MUSUH ALAMINYA PADA TANAMAN STROBERI DI DESA KALISORO TAWANGMANGU KARANGANYAR Skripsi Untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan guna memperoleh derajat Sarjana Pertanian di Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sebelas Maret Jurusan/Program Studi Agronomi Oleh : Budi Harianto H 0104010 FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET SURAKARTA 2009 29 KAJIAN MACAM SPESIES URET DAN MUSUH ALAMINYA PADA TANAMAN STROBERI DI DESA KALISORO TAWANGMANGU KARANGANYAR yang dipersiapkan dan disusun oleh Budi Harianto H 0104010 telah dipertahankan di depan Dewan Penguji pada tanggal : dan dinyatakan telah memenuhi syarat Susunan Tim Penguji Ketua Anggota I Anggota II Ir. YV. Pardjo NS, MS. Ir. M. K. Himawati, MP. Ir. Warsoko Wiryowidodo NIP. 130 890 428 NIP. 132 162 027 NIP. 130 803 672 Surakarta, Juli 2009 Mengetahui Universitas Sebelas Maret Fakultas Pertanian Dekan Prof. Dr. Ir. H. Suntoro, MS NIP. 131 124 609 30 KATA PENGANTAR Puji syukur ke hadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas segala rahmat dan karunia-Nya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi dengan judul “Kajian Macam Spesies Uret Dan Musuh Alaminya Pada Tanaman Stroberi Di Desa Kalisoro Tawangmangu Karanganyar” ini dengan baik dan lancar. Skripsi ini disusun untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan guna memperoleh derajat sarjana S1 Pertanian di Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sebelas Maret. Dalam penyusunan skripsi ini penulis mendapatkan bantuan, bimbingan, dan dukungan dari berbagai pihak. Untuk itu, penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada : 1. Prof. Dr. Ir. Suntoro, MS selaku Dekan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta 2. Ir. YV. Pardjo NS, MS selaku pembimbing utama yang telah memberikan saran dan sumbangan pemikiran kepada penulis selama pelaksanaan penelitian sampai penyusunan skripsi ini 3. Ir. Maidatun Kamilah Himawati, MP selaku pembimbing pendamping atas masukan dan saran dalam penelitian hingga akhir penyusunan skripsi ini 4. Ir. Warsoko Wiryowidodo selaku dosen penguji yang telah memberikan masukan dan saran pada skripsi ini 5. Ir. Pratignya Sunu, MP selaku pembimbing akademik penulis 6. Keluarga tercinta dan teman-teman Agronomi 2004, serta semua pihak yang telah membantu terselesaikannya penyusunan skripsi ini. Akhir kata, tak ada gading yang tak retak. Untuk itu, penulis mengharapkan saran dan kritik yang bersifat membangun demi kesempurnaan penulisan di waktu yang akan datang. Semoga skripsi ini bermanfaat bagi penulis khususnya dan pembaca pada umumnya. Surakarta, Juli 2009 Penulis 31 DAFTAR ISI Halaman KATA PENGANTAR ..................................................................................... iii DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................... iv DAFTAR TABEL ........................................................................................... vi DAFTAR GAMBAR ...................................................................................... vii DAFTAR LAMPIRAN.................................................................................... viii RINGKASAN .................................................................................................. ix SUMMARY..................................................................................................... x I. PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang ..................................................................................... 1 B. Perumusan Masalah ............................................................................. 2 C. Tujuan Penelitian ................................................................................. 2 II. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA A. Stroberi................................................................................................. 3 B. Uret....................................................................................................... 4 C. Musuh Alami ....................................................................................... 6 D. Identifikasi Serangga dan Mikroorganisme Penyebab Penyakit pada Serangga (Enthomopathogen).............................................................. 8 III. METODE PENELITIAN A. Waktu dan Tempat Penelitian.............................................................. 10 B. Bahan dan Alat..................................................................................... 10 C. Cara Kerja Penelitian 1. Rancangan Percobaan ................................................................... 10 2. Pelaksanaan Penelitian a. Pengambilan sampel uret (larva Coleoptera) dan pengamatan pertumbuhan tanaman.............................................................. 10 b. Pengamatan di laboratorium .................................................... 11 32 D. Variabel Pengamatan 1. Spesies uret ................................................................................... 12 2. Spesies musuh alami ..................................................................... 12 3. Jumlah tanaman yang terserang hama uret .................................... 13 E. Analisis Data ..................................................................................... 13 IV. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN A. Speies Uret ........................................................................................... 15 1. Anomala viridis.............................................................................. 16 2. Microserica spp.............................................................................. 17 4. Dynastes spp .................................................................................. 19 B. Spesies musuh alami 1. Patogen .......................................................................................... 21 2. Parasitoid........................................................................................ 22 3. Predator .......................................................................................... 23 C. Intensitas kerusakan tanaman karena serangan uret ............................ 23 V. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN A. Kesimpulan .......................................................................................... 25 B. Saran..................................................................................................... 25 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...................................................................................... 26 LAMPIRAN 33 DAFTAR TABEL Nomor Judul Halaman 1 Karakteristik berbagai varietas stroberi ................................ 4 2 Deskripsi lahan pertanaman stroberi di Kalisoro lahan 1 (1050 mdpl) dan lahan 2 (1000 mdpl) .................................. 14 3 Sebaran spesies uret di dua lahan di Kalisoro....................... 20 4 Jumlah uret dan jumlah tanaman rusak pada lahan 1 (1050 mdpl) dan lahan 2 (1000 mdpl) .................................. 24 34 DAFTAR GAMBAR Nomor Judul Halaman 1 Foto perut uret spesies Anomala viridis (perbesaran 10x).... 16 2 Uret spesies Anomala viridis (perbesaran 3x)....................... 17 3 Foto perut uret spesies Microserica spp. (perbesaran 10x). 18 4 Uret spesies Microserica spp. (perbesaran 3x). .................... 18 5 Foto perut uret spesies Dynastes spp. (perbesaran 10x). ...... 19 6 Uret spesies Dynastes spp. (perbesaran 2x).......................... 20 35 DAFTAR LAMPIRAN Nomor Judul Halaman 1 Key To The Species Or Genera Of Grubs Occuring In Cultivated Areas Of Java (Kalshoven 1981)......................... 28 2 Kunci Identifikasi Spesies atau Genus Uret yang muncul pada Lahan Pertanian di Jawa (Kalshoven 1981). ................ 31 3 Pola setae pada perut larva scarabaeidae 1 (Kalshoven 1981). .................................................................................... 34 4 Pola setae pada perut larva scarabaeidae 2 (Kalshoven 1981). .................................................................................... 35 5 Foto Lahan 1 dan 2................................................................ 36 6 Foto uret Dynastes spp., Anomala viridis, dan Microserica spp. ........................................................................................ 37 36 KAJIAN MACAM SPESIES URET DAN MUSUH ALAMINYA PADA TANAMAN STROBERI DI DESA KALISORO TAWANGMANGU KARANGANYAR Budi Harianto H 0104010 RINGKASAN Keberhasilan dalam pengendalian hama secara hayati sangat dipengaruhi oleh ketepatan dalam identifikasi hama dan musuh alaminya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui spesies uret serta musuh alaminya pada tanaman stroberi di desa Kalisoro, Tawangmangu. Penelitian ini dilakukan di desa Kalisoro, Tawangmangu, Kabupaten Karanganyar, serta di Laboratorium Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta. Waktu penelitian mulai bulan Juni hingga bulan Oktober 2008. Penelitian dirancang dalam bentuk studi eksploratif deskriptif di laboratorium dengan pengambilan data secara langsung pada objek penelitian. Pengamatan di lapangan dilakukan dengan metode survey di lahan stroberi milik petani. Pengambilan sampel dan pengamatan dilakukan di dua lokasi pertanaman stroberi di desa Kalisoro, Tawangmangu. Pengamatan di setiap lokasi dilakukan setiap dua minggu sekali. Tata letak unit sampel ditetapkan dengan metode purposif sampling dengan melihat gejala serangan. Uret yang diambil dari lahan dipelihara di laboratorium untuk diamati munculnya gejala sakit serta kemunculan parasitoid. Spesies uret diidentifikasi menggunakan kunci determinasi uret yang terdapat dalam buku Pests of Crops in Indonesia (Kalshoven, 1981). Pathogen serangga diidentifikasi menggunakan buku Diagnostic Manual for The Identification of
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