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ERASMUS+ Learning Families Project Project Number: 2017-1-IT02-KA201-036784 Table of Contents 1. Eastern Catholicism .................................................................................... 3 1.1 Introduction.......................................................................................... 3 1.2 Great blessing of the waters ................................................................. 4 1.3 πάνα κλίσε (long and ancient prayer of Christianity) of the Dormition .. 6 1.4 Celebrating the Saint Apostles Peter and Paul ....................................... 7 2. Judaism ...................................................................................................... 9 2.1. Introduction......................................................................................... 9 2.2. Shavuot ............................................................................................... 9 2.3. Sukkot ................................................................................................ 11 2.4. Rosh Hashana ..................................................................................... 13 3. Roman Catholicism .................................................................................... 15 3.1. The washing of feet ............................................................................ 16 3.2. Baptism .............................................................................................. 18 3.3. Midnight mass .................................................................................... 21 4. Eastern Orthodoxy ..................................................................................... 23 4.1. Introduction........................................................................................ 23 4.2. Divine Liturgy...................................................................................... 25 4.3.Easter Vigil .......................................................................................... 28 4.4. Great Blessing of Waters ..................................................................... 32 5. Islam ......................................................................................................... 34 5.1.Introduction ........................................................................................ 34 5.2. Friday Prayer ....................................................................................... 35 5.3. Laylat al-Qadr (the Night of Decree) .................................................... 37 5.4. Hajj (Hadj, pilgrimage to Mecca) ......................................................... 38 6. Anglicanism and Protestantism ................................................................. 41 6.1. Anglicanism ........................................................................................ 41 6.1.1. Christenings and Baptism ............................................................. 41 6.1.2. Confirmation ................................................................................ 42 6.1.3. Wedding ...................................................................................... 43 6.2. Protestantism ..................................................................................... 46 6.2.1. Baptism ........................................................................................ 46 6.2.2. Baby Dedications ......................................................................... 48 7. Other major religions ................................................................................ 50 7.1. Buddhism ........................................................................................... 50 7.1.1. Meditation ................................................................................... 50 7.1.2. Mandalas ..................................................................................... 51 7.1.3. Buddhist customs ......................................................................... 51 Project Number: 2017-1-IT02-KA201-036784 7.2. Hinduism ............................................................................................ 53 7.2.1. Hindu baby rites ........................................................................... 53 7.2.2. Wedding Rites .............................................................................. 53 7.2.3. Death Rites .................................................................................. 55 7.3. Sikhism ............................................................................................... 58 7.3.1. 5 K’s ............................................................................................. 58 7.3.2. Naming ceremony ........................................................................ 60 7.3.3. Wedding Ceremony ...................................................................... 60 Project Number: 2017-1-IT02-KA201-036784 1. Eastern Catholicism 1.1 Introduction The liturgical rites of the Eastern Catholic Churches follow the Gregorian calendar, adopted by the Catholic Church in 1582, but they have kept the form of the ceremonies celebrated in the undivided Church, before the Great Schism of 1054, so they are often the same as those celebrated by the faithful of the Orthodox churches, even if these follow - at least in part - the Julian calendar. The most important liturgical rite is the Divine Liturgy; the Byzantine tradition recognizes three forms of Divine Liturgy: that of St. John Chrysostom, that of St. Basil and the Liturgy of the Pre-sanctified. • The Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom is commonly celebrated every day of the year. • The liturgy of St. Basil is celebrated at Christmas, at Epiphany, on every Sunday of Lent, on Holy Thursday, on Easter Eve and on the day of St. Basil. • The liturgy of the Pre-sanctified is celebrated on Wednesdays and Fridays of each week of Lent, without consecration, since the bread is consecrated on the previous Sunday. Other important ceremonies are the liturgy of the hours, the processions and the blessings, which are always linked to the memory of Christ, of the Virgin Mary and of the saints, according to the dates of the liturgical calendar. Project Number: 2017-1-IT02-KA201-036784 1.2 Great blessing of the waters This ceremony (common to the Orthodox Churches and to the Eastern Catholic Churches) takes place on 6th January, the day of the celebration of the Holy Theophanies (= Revelation of God) of the Lord God and Savior Jesus Christ, after the conclusion of the Divine Liturgy or after the vespers. A procession is formed to go to the fountain outside the church, or on a river or the sea, or at the back of the church where a support is prepared with a large container full of water for blessing. During the procession some hymns are sung, then the deacon recites a prayer aloud, and the priest recites some other prayers in a low voice; when the deacon has finished, the priest recites a prayer aloud, and then plunges the cross into the water three times, holding it with his hands together with the Picture of the rite at Fanar, Istanbul, bunch of aromatic herbs, while singing a hymn three times, Turkey followed by the chorus. All the people present at the ceremony then go and kiss the Holy Cross held by the ministrant, while the last sprinkles the holy water on the head of each of them with a branch. Finally, a concluding hymn is sung. The symbols present in this rite are basically three: the cross, the water and the aromatic herbs. The cross indicates the divinity of Christ, who sanctified the waters of the Jordan on the day of his baptism; water represents the purification of the faithful, which is why they are sprinkled by the celebrant; the aromatic herbs recall those that according to tradition appeared on the site of the crucifixion. The religious value of the rite is essentially propitiatory, because it is placed at the beginning of the year, and according to the Greek tradition on this day "the heavens are open" to welcome the holy desires of the faithful. The participation of the faithful is very large, partly because some must carry liturgical objects in the procession (icons, candles, incense), and the male faithful must recover the cross when it is thrown into the rivers or at sea. Sacred advice in Brindisi, Italy The space of the celebration is external, even if sometimes the blessing takes place entirely inside the church; the ritual is also a challenge, because in Eastern Europe at the beginning of January the climate is often freezing, and the waters are frozen. Project Number: 2017-1-IT02-KA201-036784 Pictures Pictures of the rite in Lecco, Italy Pictures of the rite in Lecco, Italy Pictures of the rite in Padua, Italy Videos Rite of the blessing in S. Maria in Cosmedin, Rite of the Ukraine catholic church in Florence Rome, Italy Project Number: 2017-1-IT02-KA201-036784 Rite of the Orthodox Church in Florence Rite in Budapest Rite of the orthodox church in Palermo 1.3 πάνα κλίσε (long and ancient prayer of Christianity) of the Dormition The Byzantine devotion to the Mother of God (Theotòkos) widely expresses itself in the liturgical worship, and particularly in some compositions. One of these, the paracletic Canon (= plead to the Mother of God), composed around the 9th century, is a devotional text extensively widespread in Eastern Christianity, and represents the essential part of the πάνα κλίσε, the liturgy office in honour of the Mother of God, used in times of difficulty or great affliction, and usually sung during the Lent of the Dormition, that is every day in the two
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