OCTOBER 1998 VOLUME 40 NUMBER 10 STORMSTORM DATADATA

AND UNUSUAL WEATHER PHENOMENA WITH LATE REPORTS AND CORRECTIONS

NATIONAL OCEANIC AND NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE NATIONAL CLIMATIC DATA CENTER noaa ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION DATA, AND INFORMATION SERVICE ASHEVILLE, N.C. Cover: The cement slab foundation is all that remains of this home in Seguin, near Lake Placid, TX. A flash flood near San Antonio, Texas killed 25 people and caused nearly $100 Million in property and crop damage. (Photograph courtesy of Larry Eblen, Warning Coordination Meteorologist, National Weather Service, San Antonio, Texas)

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Outstanding Storms of the Month ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 5 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena ………………………………………………………………………….. 7 Additions / Corrections ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 103 Reference Notes …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 138 STORM DATA (ISSN 0039-1972) National Climatic Data Center Editor: Stephen Del Greco Assistant Editor: Stuart Hinson Editorial Staff: Noel Risnychok STORM DATA is prepared, funded, and distributed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The Outstanding Storms of the Month section is prepared by the Data Operations Branch of the National Climatic Data Center. The Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena narratives and Hurricane/Tropical Storm summaries are prepared by the National Weather Service. Monthly and annual statistics and summaries of tornado and lightning events resulting in deaths, injuries, and damage are compiled by cooperative efforts between the National Climatic Data Center and the Storm Prediction Center. STORM DATA contains all confirmed information on storms available to our staff at the time of publication. However, due to difficulties inherent in the collection of this type of data, it is not all-inclusive. Late reports and corrections are printed in each edition. Maps of the National Weather Service County Warning Areas which are used in the Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena section will be printed in all editions. Except for limited editing to correct grammatical errors, materials submitted are generally published as received. Note: "None Reported" means that no severe weather occurred and "Not Received" means that no reports were received for this region at the time of printing. Subscription, pricing, and ordering information is available from: National Climatic Data Center 151 Patton Avenue Asheville, NC 28801 (828)271-4800 or (828) CLIMATE The editors of STORM DATA solicits your help in acquiring photographs (prints or slides; black and white, or color), maps, clippings, etc. of significant or unusual weather events (past or present). These could be for use in the "Outstanding Storms of the Month'' section of STORM DATA. We request our subscribers or other interested persons to mail such items to: Stuart Hinson National Climatic Data Center 151 Patton Avenue Asheville, NC 28801 Any such items received by the editor will be for use in STORM DATA only. Any other use will be with the permission of the owner of said items. Materials submitted will be returned if requested in the original submission.

"I certify that this is an official publication of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and is compiled from information received at the National Climatic Data Center Asheville, North Carolina 28801-2733."

Thomas R. Karl Director, National Climatic Data Center

2 The Cyclone Track Map which usually appears on this page is not available for October 1998.

Should the data become available in the future, a cyclone track map will be produced and printed in a subsequent issue.

3 October 1998 Confirmed Tornadoes 4

F Scale F0 F1 F2 F3 F4 F Scale F0 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 Total Number 41 13 7 1 0 0 62 F5 OUTSTANDING STORMS OF THE MONTH HEAVY RAINS CAUSE FLOODS IN SOUTH-CENTRAL TEXAS A series of upper level disturbances and an abundant supply of moisture contributed to a very heavy rain event for the San Antonio area. The moisture supplied by Hurricane Madeline, located near the tip of Baha, moved north along a slow-moving cold front that extended into the southwest United States. This combination resulted in localized flash flooding on the October 17. The front stalled near the coast resulting in continuous moderate rainfall through October 20. Most areas around San Antonio received more than 10 inches of rainfall while areas to the north and east of the city received as much as 20 inches, breaking several rainfall records. As many as 15 South Texas rivers exceeded the previously known peak flow. The flash flood resulted in 25 deaths, most (22) occurred as motorists attempted to drive their vehicles across water-covered roadways. Property and crop damage is estimated near $100 Million as hundreds of homes were destroyed and thousands were damaged. Thousands of livestock either drowned or died of exposure. (Thanks to Larry Eblen, Warning Coordination Meteorologist, National Weather Service, San Antonio, Texas for providing story and photographs)

Top Left: A mobile home frame on top of a car near Cuero, Texas. Top Right: The driver of this vehicle attempted to cross a water-covered roadway near Hueco Springs. Bottom Left: The powerful flood waters pushed a mobile home on top of a bus in New Braunfels. Bottom Right: A cabin in a campground near San Antonio is displaced from its foundation.

5 Above: A satellite photograph over Texas at the time of the heavy rainfall. Cloud top temperatures were near -90 degrees centigrade, indicating very high tops with heavy rainfall. Below: An isohyet (map with lines of equal rainfall amounts) map of the San Antonio area as drawn by NWS personnel. Note the 20 inch rainfall amounts northeast of the city while less that a hundred miles away, rainfall amounts were much less.

6 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm ALABAMA, North Central ALZ006 Madison 01 0000CST 0 0 0 0 Excessive Heat 31 2359CST The average monthly temperature of 65.6 degrees was the 5th warmest October on record. ALZ006 Madison 02 1500CST 0 0 0 0 Excessive Heat The record high temperature of 89 degrees was tied. Tuscaloosa County South Portion 03 1800CST 0 0 15K 0 Flash Flood 1930CST Rainfall amounts of 1 to 3 inches were reported in a short period of time across south central Tuscaloosa county. This caused urban flooding in the city. Several cars were damaged by flood waters on McFarland Boulevard and many roads were temporarily flooded . Additional flooding was observed in the Homewood area. Lee County Smiths 07 1600CST 0 0 0 0 Hail (0.75) Dime size hail reported in Smiths. Lee County 21 SE Opelika 07 1610CST 0 0 0 0 Hail (0.88) Dime to nickel sized hail was reported north of Phenix City in extreme southeast Lee county. ALZ006 Madison 30 1600CST 0 0 0 0 Excessive Heat The high temperature of 85 degrees tied the record high for this date. ALABAMA, Southeast

NONE REPORTED. ALABAMA, Southwest ALZ063 Lower Mobile 28 0010CST 0 0 5K Flood 1130CST Coastal Flooding...High swells from Hurricane Mitch developed into large waves which breached the west end of Dauphin Island. Protective sand dune structures were severely eroded in late September in this area during Hurricane Georges. Overwash developed over roads and under raised structures. Among some of the roads which became impassable during the early morning hours were St. Stephens and St. Andrews. ALASKA, Northern AKZ001>003-007 Arctic Slope Coastal - North Slopes Of Brooks Range - Lower Kobuk Valley-Northern Seward Peninsula - 23 1915AST 0 0 High Wind (G60) 25 0153AST AKZ001 Arctic Slope Coastal 24 1030AST 0 0 Blizzard 25 0226AST A strong weather front moved north over Alaska from the gulf of Alaska bringing brief strong winds to the Alaska Range (Healy: 35 mph sustained, gust 63 mph), a period of strong winds and blizzard conditions to the Arctic Slope Coastal (Barter Island: 45 mph sustained, gust 65 mph; all reporting stations carried Blizzard conditions excpet Point Lay) and strong winds to far northwetern Zone 3 (Point Hope: 56 mph sustained, gust 66 mph) and Zone 2 (Colville Village Co-Op Observer: gust to 69 mph). ALASKA, Southeast

NOT RECEIVED. ALASKA, Southern AKZ016>017- Bristol Bay Coastal - Central Gulf Coast - Western Alaska Peninsula - Aleutian Islands 04 0600AST 0 0 High Wind (G66) 07 1600AST Strong northwesterly winds were reported along the back side (west side) of a moderate 982 mb, located just south of Kodiak Sunday morning. Gusts reached 76 mph at Dutch Harbor late Sunday, 53 mph Sunday night at Cold Bay and 55 mph at Cape Newenham late Sunday. By Tuesday morning, the low had weakened to 993 mbs and had drifted southeast through the Gulf of Alaska to about

71 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm ALASKA, Southern 300 miles south of Cape Yakataga...however gusty winds to 40 mph were still locally recorded at the head of Passage Canal coming down from the Whittier Glacier across the town into the boat harbor. AKZ017 Central Gulf Coast 15 0000AST 0 0 High Wind (G60) 0900AST A moderate front crossed northwestward into the mainland from the northern Gulf of Alaska Thursday. Wind gusts reached close to 70 mph in portions of Prince William Sound, around Middleton Island and in the city of Cordova. AKZ018 Kodiak Island-Eastern Alaska Peninsula 15 0000AST 0 0 High Wind (G37) 2359AST Wind gusts reached 43 mph at the Kodiak ASOS. AKZ018 Kodiak Island-Eastern Alaska Peninsula 16 0000AST 0 0 High Wind (G38) 2359AST Wind gusts reached 45 mph at the Kodiak ASOS. AKZ017 Central Gulf Coast 26 0000AST 0 0 High Wind (G66) 1500AST Another front, moving northwest into the mainland from the northern Gulf of Alaska, brought strong wind gusts to a remote site in southern Prince William Sound. Gusts reached 76 mph at a site on Applegate Rocks...damaging the wind sensor. AKZ019>020 Western Alaska Peninsula - Aleutian Islands 26 1800AST 0 0 High Wind (G75) 27 2100AST A vigorous front was preceded by strong southeasterly winds across the eastern third of the Aleutians and across the Alaska Peninsula. Gusts of 86 mph were reported by a ship between Cape Sarichef and Unalaska Tuesday morning. Reported wind gusts reached 63 mph along the Alaska Peninsula later on Tuesday. AKZ020 Aleutian Islands 27 1200AST 0 0 High Wind (G45) 2359AST Brisk northwest winds up to 52 mph were reported along the back side of a moderate 978mb low southeast of the Alaska Peninsula. AMERICAN SAMOA

NOT RECEIVED. ARIZONA, Central and Northeast AZZ015 Western Mogollon Rim 01 1000MST 0 0 0 0 High Wind (G57) 1030MST Weather spotters in Doney Park measured southerly wind gusts at 66 mph. Coconino County Meteor City 22 1500MST 0 0 0 0 Hail (1.75) 1505MST Snow plows were enlisted to remove the hail from Interstate 40. Coconino County Flagstaff 25 1317MST 0 0 0 0 Urban/Sml Stream Fld 1515MST Heavy rain caused ponding of water to a depth of 6 inches along Route 66 in Flagstaff. Coconino County Mormon Lake 25 1351MST 0 0 0 0 Hail (1.00) 1355MST Coconino County 6 S Mormon Lake 25 1351MST 0 0 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G62) 1355MST Thunderstorm winds estimated in excess of 70 mph snapped cleanly numerous pine trees with 36 inch diameters and lengths up to 8 7 feet in the Gash Mountain area. The height of the breaks ranged from 2 feet to 30 feet AGL. Yavapai County 5 E Mc Guireville 25 1515MST 0 0 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G56)

82 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm ARIZONA, Central and Northeast A weather spotter reported thunderstorm winds gusting to 65 mph at Lake Montezuma. ARIZONA, Northwest Mohave County Kingman 30 1350MST 0 0 Funnel Cloud A funnel cloud was observed between Golden Valley and Coyote Pass, near Highway 93. The storm also produced pea-sized hail. ARIZONA, South

NONE REPORTED. ARIZONA, Southwest Maricopa County Fountain Hills 25 0750MST 0 0 Hail (0.75) 0800MST Church services interrupted by hail and very heavy rain. Maricopa County Tempe 25 1522MST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G55) 1540MST A cluster of thunderstorms, with at least one rotating supercell, produced winds that uprooted trees, blew down power poles, and damaged at least one large wall at a construction site in Chandler. Maricopa County Tempe 25 1525MST 0 0 Hail (1.25) Large hail reported in Mesa and Tempe. Maricopa County 10 E Phoenix 25 1540MST 0 0 10K Thunderstorm Wind (G55) Winds collapsed a mobile home, and blew the roof off another home on the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community. Maricopa County Fountain Hills 25 1550MST 0 0 Hail (1.75) 1600MST Nickel to golfball size hail reported in Fountain Hills. Maricopa County Fountain Hills 25 1600MST 0 0 10K Thunderstorm Wind (G55) 1610MST For the third time on this day, Fountain Hills was hit by high winds that blew sand and debris into streets along with hail and heavy rain. Maricopa County 20 NE Phoenix 25 1620MST 0 0 0 Funnel Cloud 1622MST Pilot reported funnel cloud. Maricopa County Carefree 26 0700MST 0 0 Heavy Rain 0800MST Showers and thunderstorms, some with rainfall rates of an inch per hour moved through the metro Phoenix area. The heaviest rain was reported in Carefree and Cave Creek where 1.10 inches occurred. The greatest storm total was 2.13 inches at Bartlett Dam. Street flooding was reported in many areas. Maricopa County Carefree 30 1419MST 0 0 Flash Flood 1500MST Deputies responded to a call about a vehicle trapped in a wash. A second vehicle, with a woman inside, was discovered at 14th Stree t south of Carefree Highway with rapidly rising water around it. The woman was rescued by the deputies who formed a human chain. The Plymouth Voyager was later washed downstream. ARKANSAS, Central and North Central Jefferson County Watson Chapel 03 0045CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G50) Thunderstorm winds damaged a couple of campers. Arkansas County Bayou Meto 03 0140CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G50)

93 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm ARKANSAS, Central and North Central Thunderstorm winds damaged a few roofs. Ouachita County 2 N Bearden 04 1421CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G50) Thunderstorm winds blew a tree onto a power line, with the line draped across a car. Two people were trapped inside the vehicle until the line was removed. Cleveland County 10 NW Kingsland 04 1455CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G50) Thunderstorm winds knocked down several trees onto Highway 167. Dallas County 2 W Farindale 04 1500CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G50) Thunderstorm winds knocked down trees onto Highway 48. Grant County Grapevine 04 1510CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G50) Thunderstorm winds knocked down trees and power lines, and tore a roof from a mobile home. Jefferson County Redfield 04 1540CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G50) Thunderstorm winds knocked down a few trees. Polk County 5.5 SE Dallas 05 1617CST 0.1 50 0 0 Tornado (F0) A weak tornado was spawned in southern Polk County. The tornado touched down briefly in an open field with no damage reported. Polk County Countywide 05 1855CST 0 0 Flash Flood 06 0400CST Scott County East Portion to 05 1855CST 0 0 Flash Flood Countywide 06 0400CST A nearly stationary line of thunderstorms brought excessive rain to Scott and Polk Counties. 5 to 7 inches of rain was common, with locally heavier amounts. Several county roads were under water. Pope County Southeast Portion 05 2150CST 0 0 Flash Flood 06 0400CST Yell County Countywide 05 2150CST 0 0 Flash Flood 06 0400CST A nearly stationary line of thunderstorms brought excessive rain to Pope and Yell Counties. Over 7 inches of rain was common. Serious flooding was reported in Dardanelle and Russellville...with many roads under water. Conway County Northwest Portion 05 2230CST 0 0 Flash Flood 06 0430CST Van Buren County Countywide 05 2235CST 0 0 Flash Flood 06 0530CST Stone County Countywide 05 2243CST 0 0 Flash Flood 06 0430CST A nearly stationary line of thunderstorms brought excessive rain to Stone, Van Buren and Conway Counties. Over 7 inches of rain was common. Serious flooding was reported in Mountain View with roads under water and a few roads washed away. Flooding was reported in some homes as well. In Clinton, serious flooding occurred as well with 2 people evacuated. A grocery store was flooded in town, with 2 people trapped north of town by water. Finally, in Conway County, several roads were flooded in the northwest part of the county. Faulkner County Greenbrier 05 2245CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G50) Faulkner County Greenbrier 05 2250CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G50) Faulkner County 2 S Greenbrier 05 2255CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G50)

104 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm ARKANSAS, Central and North Central Thunderstorm winds caused some roof damage at Greenbrier, and knocked down several trees and power lines in Greenbrier and just south of town. Cleburne County 5 SW Wilburn 05 2345CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G50) Thunderstorm winds knocked down several trees on Highways 16 and 337. Faulkner County 5 S Conway 05 2345CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G50) Thunderstorm winds knocked down a few trees. Izard County Countywide 06 0000CST 0 0 Flash Flood 0400CST Montgomery County North Portion 06 0000CST 0 0 Flash Flood 0400CST Sharp County South Portion 06 0000CST 0 0 Flash Flood 0400CST A nearly stationary line of thunderstorms brought excessive rain to Montgomery, Sharp and Izard Counties. 5 to 7 inches of rain was common, with locally heavier amounts. Several county roads were under water...with some roads washed away. Cleburne County Northwest Portion 06 0115CST 0 0 Flash Flood 0400CST Garland County Northeast Portion 06 0115CST 0 0 Flash Flood 0400CST Perry County Countywide 06 0115CST 0 0 Flash Flood 0400CST Pulaski County West Portion 06 0115CST 0 0 Flash Flood 0400CST Saline County Northwest Portion 06 0115CST 0 0 Flash Flood 0400CST A slow moving line of thunderstorms moved from western Arkansas into central sections of the state. Excessive rain was produced in Pulaski, Saline, Cleburne, Perry and Garland Counties...with 1.5 inches to as much as 5 inches of rain common. Several roads were partially or completely under water. Dallas County Sparkman 06 0200CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G50) Thunderstorm winds damaged roofs at a couple of businesses. Faulkner County Vilonia 06 0400CST 0 0 Flash Flood 0530CST A slow moving line of thunderstorms moved from western Arkansas into central sections of the state. Excessive rain was produced in Faulkner County, with 1.5 inches to 3 inches of rain common. Several roads were under water at Vilonia. ARKANSAS, East Crittenden County Countywide 02 1645CST 0 0 5K Thunderstorm Wind 1705CST Several trucks were turned sideways on Interstate 40. Several power lines were blown down across the county. Craighead County East Portion 05 1830CST 0 0 5K Flash Flood 2030CST Rainfall of over three inches in a short period of time produced flash flooding in the eastern part of Craighead county. Streets were flooded in the towns of Bay and Monette with two cars under water in Monette. The flash flooding forced people to use sandbags in Bay.

115 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm ARKANSAS, Northwest Benton County Maysville 05 0140CST 0 0 0.10K Thunderstorm Wind Large tree limbs were blown down. Benton County Garfield 05 0230CST 0 0 0.10K Thunderstorm Wind A large tree was blown down over a road. Benton County Gentry 05 0300CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G57) Madison County Pettigrew 05 1430CST 0 0 0.10K Thunderstorm Wind Large tree limbs were blown down. Carroll County Busch 05 1445CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G52) Later at Berryville, half-inch diameter hail was reported. Two separate severe thunderstorms associated with a large severe weather outbreak over Oklahoma moved east into Benton County during the early morning of October 5. The main threat from these storms was wind strong enough to blow down several trees and tree limbs. Both storms weakened below severe limits by the time they moved east to Carroll County. These storms formed in advance of a slow-moving cold front with the approach of a powerful upper level storm system. By sunrise on the 5th, flooding was becoming the main threat as a solid line of thunderstorms made very slow progress across northwest Arkansas. See the separate flash flood event entry for more details on the flooding.

By the afternoon of the 5th, daytime heating allowed several thunderstorms along the front to become marginally severe over Madison and Carroll Counties. Benton County Countywide 05 0430CST 0 0 Flash Flood 1500CST Several low-water crossings were flooded in and around Rogers. Several county roads near Maysville were flooded. There was residential street flooding in Rogers by early afternoon. Washington County Countywide 05 0900CST 0 0 Flash Flood 1700CST Water covered AR Hwy 45 near Cane Hill. Sebastian County Countywide 05 1300CST 0 0 Flash Flood 1900CST Several streets were flooded in Mansfield. Several streets in Fort Smith were closed during the evening by high water. Franklin County Countywide 05 1500CST 0 0 Flash Flood 2000CST Several streets were flooded in Charleston. A slow-moving solid line of thunderstorms took most of the day on October 5 to move from the northwest corner of Arkansas to the area south of Fort Smith. Rainfall amounts of 3 to 5 inches were common over a large area, leading to flash flooding along small creeks and streams as well as street flooding in urban areas.

Some storm-total rainfalls from October 5 include (in inches): Prarie Grove...5.35, Drake Field in Fayetteville (FYV)...4.90, Devils Den State Park...4.90, Cincinnati_2NE...4.37, Huntsville...3.85, St. Paul...3.77, Berryville...3.70, Greenwood...3.68, Natural Dam...3.55, Mountainsburg...3.43, Fort Smith Regional Airport (FSM)...3.11, and Bentonville_4S...3.08. ARZ019 Crawford 06 0600CST 0 0 Flood 07 0900CST The Arkansas River at Van Buren rose above the flood stage of 22 feet to crest at a level of 24.1 feet at 9 PM CDT on October 6. Benton County 3 S Cave Spgs 16 2020CST 0 0 0.10K Thunderstorm Wind A large tree was blown down. Franklin County Alix 16 2210CST 0 0 25K Thunderstorm Wind

126 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm ARKANSAS, Northwest Seven power poles were blown down within a half-mile area between Alix and Denning, causing a two-hour power outage in Altus, Coal Hill and Hartman. Several permanent structures sustained roof damage, and several outbuildings were destroyed. One barn was nearly destroyed. Strong southerly winds brought a rapid return of warm air and moisture to northwest Arkansas during the day on October 16. This helped to destabilize the atmosphere, causing isolated severe thunderstorms to form that evening. The two significant storms of the evening included one that formed over Adair County Oklahoma and moved east into Benton County Arkansas, producing marginally severe winds. The other storm developed a bow echo radar signature and produced strong damaging winds as it moved across southern Franklin County. ARKANSAS, Southeast

NONE REPORTED. ARKANSAS, Southwest Howard County 1 SW Umpire to 05 1600CST 0.2 25 0 0 35K Tornado (F1) .8 SW Umpire 1601CST Tornado occurred on Cedar Hill road. An old barn had its roof destroyed. The barn was full of hay which was also lost. Trees and powerlines were knocked down. Howard County .5 NE Umpire to 05 1603CST 0.4 25 0 0 Tornado (F0) .9 NE Umpire 1605CST A second weaker tornado occurred just northeast of town pushing over a few diseased and dead trees as well as tearing limbs off of oak trees. CALIFORNIA, Extreme Southeast

NONE REPORTED. CALIFORNIA, North Central CAZ017>019 Southern Sacramento Valley - Carquinez Strait And Delta - Northern San Joaquin Valley 16 0830PST 0 0 100K 0 High Wind (G45) 1700PST North winds fanned numerous grass fires and damaged utility poles leading to power loss for 16,200 PG&E customers. Grass fires destroyed 1 house near the town of Lockeford in San Joaquin county. El Dorado County 1 NE Camino 20 0200PST 0 0 200K 0 Wild/Forest Fire Wild fire fanned by gusty canyon winds near the town of Camino. Named the "Eight Mile FIre" with 150 acres burned. No structures destroyed. CALIFORNIA, Northeast

NONE REPORTED. CALIFORNIA, Northwest Humboldt County Big Lagoon 30 1510PST 1 0 Rip Currents A visitor on her first trip to the ocean was swept 100 yards offshore while collecting rocks and shells. The surf was 10 to 15 feet high. The victim was standing in knee-deep water with her back to the ocean. F57IW CALIFORNIA, South Central Fresno County 8 NE Dunlap 20 0820PST 0 0 365K Wild/Forest Fire 23 1500PST The Rough Fire located in the Sierra National Forest, Fresno County, approximately 18 miles east of Pine Flat Dam. It burned 96 0 acres. No fatalities occurred nor were any structures lost. Fire cost of $365K. Tulare County Mineral King 21 1200PST 0 0 348K Wild/Forest Fire 25 1500PST

137 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm CALIFORNIA, South Central The Lookout II Fire. Escaped prescribed wildfire in the Sequoia/Kings Canyon National Park, near Mineral King. Total size reache d 436 acres with containment on 10/25/98. Cost $348K with no fatalities and no structures lost. Merced County 2 S Hilmar to 24 1015PST 0 6 120K Urban/Sml Stream Fld Delhi 1130PST The cool season's first significant rain pushed through Central California starting about 1100 PDT in Merced County and through Kern County by 2100 PDT. Merced received 0.75" of rain in embedded frontal thundershowers and locally heavy rain in about 2 hours beginning at 1115 PDT. Some local street flooding was reported just south of Hilmar and within Delhi. In Merced a tree was toppled by the storm. Several traffic accidents occurred on rain-slickened roads. Other rainfall amounts with the fast-moving front were 0.85" at Lemoore; only 0.16" at Fresno; and 0.21" at Bakersfield. While no warnings needed to have been formally issued, the storm's approach and timing were well advertised by NWS Special Weather Statements more than 18 hours in advance and Short Term Forecasts with the front's passage. CAZ021 Southern San Joaquin Valley 24 1250PST 0 8 200K Dust Storm 1330PST Pre-frontal gusty wind led to localized areas of very low visibility in blowing dust 3 miles east of Hanford in Kings County. A multi-vehicle accident involved 15 cars and 1 tractor-trailer rig with an estimated 8 injuries, but no fatalities. The blowing dust episode was very short-lived and localized as rain began around 1530 PDT. In the Kern County area late in the afternoon wind a t Meadows Field was measured at 38 MPH with reports of downed powerlines and reports of crashes on rain-slickened roads. Over 20 weather-related reports were received by the Kern County Fire Department but no official damage assessment was noted. CALIFORNIA, Southeast

NONE REPORTED. CALIFORNIA, Southwest Riverside County Palm Desert 25 1600PST 0 0 Urban/Sml Stream Fld 1830PST San Bernardino Bloomington 25 1600PST 0 0 Tstm Wind/Hail 1645PST San Bernardino .7 SW Fontana to 25 1600PST 0 0 Urban/Sml Stream Fld 2 E Rialto 1830PST Heavy rains caused storm drains to back up. One foot of water flooded 20 homes and businesses in downtown Fontana between Cypress and Sierra Avenues, and the railroad tracks, delaying an AMTRAK train one hour. One house in Rialto was flooded with two feet of water. A few inches of water also seeped into a private school. Some freeway offramps and other low lying areas in Rialto and Palm Desert were briefly underwater. In Bloomington, a tree branch was blown onto power lines and knocked out electricity to 70 customers. CALIFORNIA, Upper CAZ011 Siskiyou County 24 0629PST 0 0 High Wind (G50) Weed Area - SW winds 25-30G50KT reported by spotter SY-12 CALIFORNIA, West South Central Santa Barbara 12 N Santa Barbara 16 1350PST 0 1 Wild/Forest Fire 24 1800PST The combination of dry vegetation and weak offshore winds helped fuel a wildfire in the Los Padres National Forest, north of the city of Santa Barbara. The Ogilvy Fire, started by sparks from weed cutting, burned over 4,200 acres of forest. One minor injury was reported. Ventura County Piru to 18 1200PST 0 7 400K Wild/Forest Fire Fillmore 24 1800PST The combination of dry vegetation and offshore winds fueled a wildfire in the Santa Clara Valley. The Piru Fire, started by sparks from a welder's torch, burned over 12,500 acres between the communities of Piru and Fillmore. Sixty power poles and 1700 agricultural trees were either lost or damaged. Several homes in Fillmore were evacuated. Seven minor injuries were reported.

148 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm CALIFORNIA, Western

NONE REPORTED. COLORADO, Central and Northeast COZ048-050 Logan County/Sterling And Vicinity - Sedgwick And Phillips Counties 05 0800MST 0 0 0 High Wind (G54) 0930MST Strong gusty winds blew across portions of extreme northeast Colorado during the morning hours. Peak wind gusts included: 62 mph (54 kts) at Merino, 59 mph (51 kts) at Hereford and 58 mph (50 kts) 4 miles east of Haxtun. Denver County Denver 16 1240MST 0 0 0 Hail (2.00) 1245MST Denver County South Denver 16 1250MST 0 0 0 Hail (1.50) Adams County Aurora 16 1334MST 0 0 0 Hail (1.00) Arapahoe County 10 S (Bkf)Buckley 16 1340MST 0 0 0 Hail (0.75) Fld Nas Arapahoe County (Bkf)Buckley Fld Nas 16 1345MST 0 0 87.8M 0 Hail (2.00) A potent late season hailstorm struck portions of Denver and the surrounding metro area. The storm began dumping torrential hail, mostly pea sized, over portions of Arvada and Wheat Ridge, northwest of Denver. Hail, heaviest near Interstate 70, reportedly piled up to 6 inches deep. Several accidents were attributed, at least in part, to the hailstorm. Snowplows had to be called out to clear several city streets.

As the storm moved southeast, into the Denver and Aurora areas, it intensified. Large hail, up to 2 inches in diameter pounded the area. Damage estimates totalled $87.8 million ($27.3 million in homeowner claims and $60.5 million in automobile claims), making this the 7th costliest hailstorm to strike the Denver Metropolitan Area. COZ033>034 Rabbit Ears & Medicine Bow Ranges/Rocky Mountain National Park - Summit County/Mosquito 28 0400MST 0 0 0 Winter Storm 1500MST Winter-like storm conditions developed over portions of the north central mountains as Pacific storm system moved very slowly from northeast Colorado into Nebraska. West and northwest facing slopes received the heaviest snowfall. Snowfall totals included: 13 inches at Loveland Ski Area, 10 to 12 inches atop Cameron Pass, with 6 inches reported at the west portal of the Eisenhower Tunnel. COZ035 Northern Front Range Foothills/Upper Laramie And Cache La Poudre River Basins 28 0830MST 0 0 0 High Wind (G62) 1100MST Strong bora winds with peak gusts ranging from 64 to 71 mph (62 kts) were reported in foothills of Larimer County. COLORADO, East Central COZ091 Kit Carson County 05 1000MST 0 0 High Wind (G55) Semi Truck turned over 3-4 miles west of Burlington on Interstate 70. COLORADO, South Central and Southeast Saguache County Moffat 01 1155MST 0 0 Hail (0.75) 1200MST Alamosa County 1 S Hooper 01 1245MST 0 0 Hail (0.88) 1250MST COZ061 Eastern San Juan Mountains 16 1100MST 0 0 Heavy Snow 1900MST A brief moist southwest flow into the eastern San Juan mountains brought some heavy snow to elevations above 10,000 feet. The summit of Wolf Creek Pass reported 6 1/2 inches of snow, with lower elevations in Mineral county seeing 1 to 3 inches.

159 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm COLORADO, South Central and Southeast COZ061 Eastern San Juan Mountains 25 0800MST 0 0 Heavy Snow 26 1500MST A strong weather system brought moist, southerly flow to the eastern San Juan mountains, which produced heavy snow starting early on the 25th and lasting into the afternoon of the 26th. The summits of Wolf Creek Pass and Cumbres Pass, and other areas above 10,000 feet reported snowfall amounts of 12 to 20 inches. Santa Maria Reservoir, elevation 9800 feet, reported 6 to 7 inches of snow along with weather related power outages that lasted 4 hours. In Creede only about 3 inches of snow fell, but the wet snow combined with gusty winds to bring down numerous power lines. COZ061 Eastern San Juan Mountains 30 0000MST 0 0 Heavy Snow 1000MST A weather system brought a moist southwest flow and snow to the eastern San Juan and La Garita mountains the morning of the 30th. The summit of Wolf Creek Pass received 8 inches of snow, and 12 inches was reported in Creede. COZ066 Southern Sangre De Cristo Mountains 31 1200MST 0 0 Heavy Snow 2359MST The weather system that brought heavy snow to the eastern San Juan and La Garita mountains when located over Southern Arizona on October 30th, moved into Southern New Mexico and brought a round of heavy snow to the Southern Sangre de Cristo mountains on the 31st. Snowfall amounts in southeast Colorado were from 1 to 2 inches across Teller county, the Wet mountains, and the Northern Sangre de Cristo mountains. Across the southern Sangre de Cristo mountains, 12 inches of snow was reported in Cuchara, and 2 to 3 inches of snow fell in Walsenburg. This system continued to bring widespread snow to the mountains and adjacent areas overnight and through the first part of the day on November 1st. COLORADO, West COZ004 Elkhead And Park Mountains/Flat Tops/White River Plateau 04 0200MST 0 0 Heavy Snow 1200MST A Pacific trough produced 7 to 11 inches of new snow. COZ009-011-015- Grand And Battlement Mesas - Central Gunnison And Uncompahgre River Basin/Montrose And Vicinity - 16 1200MST 0 0 Heavy Snow 17 1200MST A strong low pressure system from the Pacific produced 6 to 11 inches of new snow in most central and southern mountains of western Colorado, as well as 6 to 11 inches of new snow in the southern part of the Uncompahgre River Valley. Montezuma County Cortez 16 1600MST 0 0 0.50K Lightning Lightning struck a tree, splitting it down the middle. Part of the tree fell against a house resulting in minor damage. COZ018>019 Northwestern San Juan Mountains - Southwestern San Juan Mountains 25 1200MST 0 0 Heavy Snow 26 1200MST A moist southwest flow produced 6 to 12 inches of snow above the 9000 foot level. COZ009>010-012- Grand And Battlement Mesas - Gore And Elk Mountains/Central Mountain Valleys/Aspen And Vicinity - 27 2100MST 0 0 Heavy Snow 28 0500MST An upper low moving across the area produced 5 to 10 inches of new snow in the central mountains of western Colorado. CONNECTICUT, Northeast Hartford County Manchester 14 1200EST 0 0 Heavy Rain 1800EST Tolland County Vernon 14 1200EST 0 0 Heavy Rain 1800EST Thunderstorms produced heavy rain which also included small hail in Hartford County. Street flooding was reported in Newington and Manchester. Basement and street flooding was reported in West Hartford. Pea size hail fell in Windsor Locks and Bristol, and a house was struck by lightning in New Britain. The greatest rainfall totals were between 2.00 and 3.10 inches, with one isolated report of 4 inches at Collinsville. Some totals included 3.10 inches in Bristol, 2.75 inches in Farmington, 2.60 inches in Burlington, 2.36 inches in Unionville, and 2.00 inches in Windsor.

1610 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm CONNECTICUT, Northwest CTZ001 Litchfield Countywide 01 1100EST 0 0 100K High Wind 1300EST A strong cold front passed through northwest Connecticut around noon, producing gusty winds strong enough to knock down large limbs, trees and powerlines during the midday hours. The downed powerlines resulted in as many as 7,800 customers being without power. The outages bought commerce to a halt, shutting down banks, supermarkets and other businesses during the middle of the day. CONNECTICUT, Southern CTZ009 Southern Fairfield 01 1330EST 0 1 Wind As a strong cold front moved across the area, northwest winds gusted from 40 to 50 mph. These winds downed a tree that fell on a moving car along Interstate 95 in the right lane near Exit 23 in Fairfield. As a result, a 28 year old man was injured. DELAWARE Sussex County Countywide 08 1100EST 0 0 Heavy Rain 2300EST A slow moving cold front with a series of low pressure systems moving north along it produced heavy rain on the 8th across southern Delaware. The heaviest rain fell in Sussex County. Storm totals included 2.45 inches in Georgetown, 1.85 inches in Bridgeville and 1.66 inches in Greenwood. Storm totals in Kent and New Castle Counties were around one inch. The heavy rain produced some poor drainage flooding. There was no flooding along the larger streams and rivers. The cold front was in Ohio the morning of the 7th, western Maryland the morning of the 8th and reached the Delmarva Peninsula coastal waters early in the morning on the 9th. While there were periods of rain for a couple of days, the heaviest rain fell during the second half of the day on the 8th. Three quarters of an inch of rain fell within an hour in Georgetown between 8 p.m. and 9 p.m. EDT on the 8th. Most of October's precipitation fell during these three days. DEZ001>004 New Castle - Kent - Inland Sussex - Delaware Beaches 31 2359EST 0 0 0 Unseasonably Dry The run of unseasonably dry weather continued across Delaware, especially in the northern half of the state. This was the fourth consecutive month of below normal precipitation for many areas. On a county weighted average, monthly precipitation totals were near normal in Sussex County, but were around one inch below normal farther north. The least precipitation fell in Kent County (around 2.2 inches for the month). DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA DCZ001 District Of Columbia 01 0000EST 0 0 Drought 31 2359EST Persistent high pressure over the Southeast U.S. forced most rain producing low pressure centers to steer north of the region during the month. This resulted in unusually dry weather for the District of Columbia, creating the fourth straight month of drought conditions. Only 0.59 inches of rain fell at Reagan Washington National Airport during the month, 2.43 inches below normal. To put the severity of this drought in perspective, only one other year on record (1930) had ever come close to the lack of rainfall National Airport saw from July 1st to October 31st. The 4 month total at the airport was only 4.80 inches. According to records kept at the airport site, this October was the 2nd driest since the Civil War. FLORIDA, East Central Brevard County Merritt Is 09 1355EST 0 0 Funnel Cloud FLORIDA, Northeastern Flagler County 1 E Flagler Beach to 19 1548EST 0 0 Funnel Cloud 1.5 NNE Flagler Beach FLZ038 Flagler 25 0830EST 0 0 5.5K High Wind Roof damaged on a mobile home on Beverly Beach. FLORIDA, Northwest

NONE REPORTED.

1711 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm FLORIDA, Southern Dade County 7 NW (Mia)Miami 04 1121EST 0 0 Funnel Cloud Intl 1140EST Monroe County 3 E Key West Intl 04 1255EST 0 0 Funnel Cloud Arpt 1305EST Monroe County 4 N Key West Intl 07 1628EST 0 0 Funnel Cloud Arpt 1647EST Monroe County 5 E Key West Intl 08 0736EST 0 0 Funnel Cloud Arpt 0800EST Monroe County 8 NE Key West Intl 08 1210EST 0 0 Funnel Cloud Arpt 1225EST Monroe County 3 E Key West Intl 09 1625EST 0 0 Funnel Cloud Arpt 1640EST Dade County Sweet Water 09 1715EST 0.2 25 0 0 Tornado (F0) 1718EST Tornado touched down briefly 8 miles west of Krome Ave. on the south side of Tamiami Trail(US-41). One airboat was damaged. Monroe County .5 N Duck Key 10 1030EST 0 0 Waterspout 1040EST Broward County 10 E Ft Lauderdale 11 0943EST 0 0 Funnel Cloud Pilot reported two funnel clouds. Monroe County 4 E Key West Intl 12 1135EST 0 0 Waterspout Arpt 1144EST Monroe County 4 N Duck Key 13 1041EST 0 0 Waterspout Monroe County 3 NE Key West Intl 13 1309EST 0 0 Funnel Cloud Arpt 1313EST Monroe County 2 NW Key West Intl 13 1313EST 0 0 Waterspout Arpt 1318EST Monroe County 4 W Key West Intl 14 1131EST 0 0 Funnel Cloud Arpt 1141EST Monroe County 8 W Key West Intl 14 1131EST 0 0 Funnel Cloud Arpt 1141EST Monroe County 6 W Key West Intl 14 1205EST 0 0 Waterspout Arpt 1237EST Palm Beach County Boynton Beach 17 1200EST 1 0 Rip Currents Strong easterly winds resulted in rip currents. 20 year old man was last seen surfing but time of drowning is unknown. Lifeguard s reported several rescues. M20IW Broward County Ft Lauderdale 22 1015EST 0 0 Waterspout 1030EST

1812 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm FLORIDA, Southern Reported by air traffic controllers at Fort Lauderdale Executive less than a mile offshore Oakland Park Blvd. Monroe County 6 SW Key West Intl 22 1210EST 0 0 Funnel Cloud Arpt 1219EST FLORIDA, West Central Pasco County 18 W Zephyrhills 01 0000EST 0 0 1K 0 River Flood 0800EST The Cypress Creek at Worthington Gardens along State Road 54 fell below the flood stage of eight feet on the 1st. A few homes incurred minor water damage from the floodwaters of the Cypress Creek. De Soto County 8 W Arcadia 01 0000EST 0 0 0 0 River Flood 0800EST The Horse Creek reached a maximum height of 12.5 feet during October, a half foot above the flood stage of twelve feet, on the 1st. De Soto County 1 W Arcadia 01 0000EST 0 0 10K 0 River Flood 06 0800EST The Peace River along State Road 70 in Arcadia reached a height of 12.8 feet, more than a foot and a half above the flood stage o f eleven feet, on the 2nd. A few homes were damaged by floodwaters of the Peace River. Polk County 1 E Bartow 01 0000EST 0 0 0 0 River Flood 07 0800EST The Peace River along State Road 60 in Bartow crested at 8.5 feet, a half foot above the flood stage of eight feet, on the 1st. Sarasota County 27 E Sarasota 01 0000EST 0 0 1K 0 River Flood 09 0800EST The Myakka River at Myakka State Park crested at 8.4 feet, nearly a foot and a half above the flood stage of seven feet, on the 1st. A few trail bridges in the Myakka State Park were damaged by the floodwaters. Pasco County 4 N Dade City 12 1854EST 0 0 5K 0 Tstm Wind (G45) Thunderstorm winds of up to 50 mph damaged the roof of a mobile home near the 37,000 block of Teresa Road. Hernando County Ridge Manor to 12 1900EST 0 0 10K 0 Tstm Wind (G45) Nobleton Thunderstorm winds of up to 50 mph removed a few roof shingles, toppled a shed and downed several small branches from Ridg e Manor to Nobleton. A few power lines were downed by thunderstorm winds near the town of Istachatta. Manatee County 27 E Bradenton 13 0800EST 0 0 0 0 River Flood 14 0800EST The Manatee River at Myakka Head along State Road 64 crested at 13.5 feet, two and a half feet above the flood stage of eleven feet , on the 13th. FLORIDA, West Panhandle Escambia County 3 NW Pensacola Nas 05 0914CST 0 0 Funnel Cloud 0916CST Several people observed a funnel cloud about three miles west of Blue Angel Parkway. The funnel never touched the ground and quickly dissipated. GEORGIA, East Central

NONE REPORTED. GEORGIA, Lower Ware County South Portion 04 1600EST 0 0 10K Flood 2000EST Numerous road were impassable.

1913 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm GEORGIA, Lower Charlton County North Portion 04 1615EST 0 0 15K Flood 2010EST Several roads were closed. GEORGIA, North and Central Walker County Rock Spg 03 1730EST 0 0 0.50K Thunderstorm Wind Walker county 911 reported trees down. Harris County 10 NE Hamilton 07 1730EST 0 0 0.50K Thunderstorm Wind The Harris county sheriff's office reported 3 trees were knocked down on highway 116. Pike County 6 NE Zebulon 07 1900EST 0 0 300K Lightning Fire set by lightning destroyed a large home on County Line Road in northeast Pike county. Most of the family's belongings were als o lost. GEORGIA, Northeast

NONE REPORTED. GEORGIA, Southeast Tattnall County Reidsville 07 1530EST 0 0 Lightning Lightning struck a house with minor damage to the roof and the chimney. GEORGIA, Southwest

NONE REPORTED. GEORGIA, West Central Muscogee County Columbus 07 1615CST 0 0 5K 2K Hail (1.50) Quarter to plum sized hail was reported north of the city of Columbus. HAWAII

NOT RECEIVED. IDAHO, Extreme Southeast

NONE REPORTED. IDAHO, North

NOT RECEIVED. IDAHO, Northwest

NONE REPORTED. IDAHO, Southeast

NONE REPORTED.

2014 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm IDAHO, Southwest

NONE REPORTED. ILLINOIS, Central Cass County 2 E Virginia 29 1400CST 0 0 Hail (1.75) Cass County Virginia to 29 1400CST 0 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind Philadelphia 1415CST Thunderstorm winds blew down several power lines and snapped two utility poles in half two miles east of Virginia. In Philadelphia, the thunderstorm winds blew down 13 utility poles. No injuries were reported. Menard County 2 W Petersburg 29 1435CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G52) Menard County 5 N Athens 29 1456CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) ILLINOIS, Northeast Cook County Countywide 17 1400CST 0 0 Urban/Sml Stream Fld 1800CST De Kalb County Countywide 17 1400CST 0 0 Urban/Sml Stream Fld 1800CST Kane County Countywide 17 1400CST 0 0 Urban/Sml Stream Fld 1800CST La Salle County Countywide 17 1400CST 0 0 Urban/Sml Stream Fld 1800CST Lee County Countywide 17 1400CST 0 0 Urban/Sml Stream Fld 1800CST Three to 5 inches of rain fell over parts of north central and northeast Illinois. Most of the rain fell from mid afternoon through early evening. The heavy rain caused flooding of streets and small streams in the area. ILLINOIS, Northwest ILZ009-015>017- Whiteside - Rock Island - Henry - Bureau - Mercer - Henderson 17 1548CST 0 0 Flood 18 0100CST Rain developed over Northern Missouri during the early morning hours and spread northward dumping two to four inches of rain across much of Eastern Iowa and Northwest Illinois by late afternoon. An additional one-half to two inches of rainfall during the evening sent several creeks...rivers and streams to near or slightly above bankfull. Heavy rain in parts of Rock Island County knocked out power and filled back yards and farm fields full of water. At southwest Rock Island's Lake View Estates at least 100 persons were stranded after rapidly rising water submerged the access roads. In Henry County the Green River at Geneseo rose seven feet. The Rock River in Illinois went up several feet bringing the river near flood stage in several communities. High water forced the closing of U.S. highway 150 near Coal Valley and shut down several access roads at the Quad City Airport hampering airport operations. Flooding was also reported near Keithsburg and Aledo. A number of minor automobile accidents occurred throughout the area...but no serious injuries were reported. Storm total rainfall amounts ranged from two to just over six inches in Eastern Iowa and West Central Illinois. In Illinois a few specific rainfall totals included; Orion 5.85 inches, Sheffield 4.61 inches, Geneseo 4.60 inches, Keithsburg 4.10 inches, Moline 4.05 inches, and Aledo and Port Byron 4.00 inches. ILLINOIS, South Massac County Brookport 06 1600CST 0 0 5K Thunderstorm Wind (G52) A number of trees and power lines were blown down. No structural damage was reported. ILLINOIS, Southwest Brown County 5 SW Versailles 29 1302CST 0 0 Hail (1.75)

2115 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm ILLINOIS, Southwest Brown County Versailles 29 1315CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) The County Sheriff reported golfball size hail along Route 107. A short time later 3/4 inch hail fell and covered the ground in Versailles. Greene County Carrollton 29 1705CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) The County Sheriff reported 3/4 inch hail in Carrollton. Calhoun County 2 N Hardin 29 1730CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G52) The County Sheriff reported trees down on Highway 100 north of Hardin. Montgomery County Litchfield 29 1847CST 0 0 Hail (0.88) Montgomery County 3 NE Litchfield 29 1849CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Montgomery County Litchfield 29 1850CST 0 0 Hail (1.00) Storm spotters reported hail ranging from 3/4 to 1 inch in diameter in and near Litchfield. INDIANA, Central

NONE REPORTED. INDIANA, Northeast Lagrange County Lagrange 06 1915EST 0 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind SEVERAL TREES AND POWER LINES WERE BLOWN DOWN IN THE TOWN. INDIANA, Northwest

NONE REPORTED. INDIANA, South Central

NONE REPORTED. INDIANA, Southeast Wayne County Richmond 30 0200EST 0 0 25K Lightning Lightning struck a home causing significant structural damage. INDIANA, Southwest

NONE REPORTED. IOWA, Central Cerro Gordo County Mason City 04 2259CST 0 0 15K 1K Thunderstorm Wind (G54) 2310CST A vigorous storm system was located over south central South Dakota during the evening hours of the 4th. A low level jet of 40 to 50 knots was in place over Iowa. This drew moist and unstable air over the top of a cold dome of air at the surface. Thunderstorms erupted and produced widespread heavy rainfall, for October, over a large part of the state. Though gusty winds were reported with most of the storms, severe weather was limited. High winds buffeted Cerro Gordo County as the storms passed. Actually, the winds were more in the wake of the storms rather than with the leading edge. It appears the rear inflow jet mixed into the low levels to cause winds in the 55 to 65 MPH range. Numerous trees were downed in the Mason City area as the winds swept through. IAZ074>075-085 Marion - Mahaska - Monroe 05 0600CST 0 0 75K 15K Flood 06 1800CST

2216 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm IOWA, Central Significant rainfall occurred across about the southeast half of Iowa early in the month as the remains of a tropical system moved across the area. The state had been quite dry, thus little flooding occurred. One of the heavier rainfall totals was 4.44 inches at Rathbun Dam. This resulted in some minor flooding in the lower Des Moines River basin. Damage was very minor from this flooding however. Most other rivers in the southeast half of the state had significant rises, but did not exceed flood stage. Calhoun County 5 NE Rockwell City 14 1210CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Marshall County Rhodes 14 1445CST 0 0 20K Hail (0.75) Story County Maxwell 14 1453CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Marshall County 4 N Haverhill 14 1520CST 0 0 20K Hail (0.75) Marshall County Melbourne 14 1530CST 0 0 10K 100K Hail (1.00) Marshall County Le Grand 14 1602CST 0 0 0.50K 3K Hail (0.88) Tama County Toledo 14 1608CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Tama County 1 NE Montour 14 1619CST 0 0 2K 15K Hail (1.00) Tama County Garwin 14 1640CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) A strong warm advection pattern developed over Iowa during the early morning hours of the 14th. A 35 to 40 knot low level jet became established by the mid day hours. The warm and unstable air rose over the top of the cooler air at the surface. As a result, elevated convection developed along the nose of the low level jet. Most of the storms produced brief heavy rainfall and some small hail. Three quarter inch hail fell briefly between Rockwell City and Manson in Calhoun County. Most of the hail from this storm was only marble size however. The line of storms lifted northeast through the mid and late afternoon hours as the nose of the low level jet progressed northeast. By mid afternoon the storms began to intensify once again. The main severe weather event was hail from one half to one inch in diameter. There were several reports of hail covering the ground. In Marshall County at Melbourne, one inch diameter hail covered the ground and produced drifts of hail one foot deep. Damage was relatively minor across the state, though there was some crop damage due to lodging of corn and shattering of soy beans due to the amount of hail. IAZ027-074>075- Butler - Marion - Mahaska - Clarke - Lucas - Monroe - Wayne - Appanoose 17 0600CST 0 0 560K 80K Flood 20 1200CST October of 1998 was a fairly wet month across Iowa, in sharp contrast to September. According to the data provided by the State Climatologist, Harry Hillaker, October of 1998 was the 4th wettest on record with a statewide average rainfall of 4.82 inches. It was also the wettest since 1984. The second round of moderate to heavy rainfall occurred toward the middle of the month with rainfall amounts of 2 to 4 inches reported across parts of southern and southeast Iowa on the 17th. Minor flooding occurred in the Chariton River basin, Cedar Creek, Beaver Creek, and along parts of the Des Moines River basin. Though flooding in several locations was from 1 to 3 feet above flood stage, damage was quite minor. Most of the flooding was restricted to agricultural lands and that was only for a relatively short period of time. Tama County Montour 29 1655CST 0 0 1K 1K Hail (1.00) Tama County 4 W Tama 29 1705CST 0 0 5K 5K Hail (1.75) Very mild and moist air, for so late in the season, was in place over the central U.S. A strong upper level low pressure system moved north-northeast and passed to the west of Iowa. The associated surface low also passed to the northwest of Iowa as well. A cold front and dry line extended south from the low. This feature moved into the state during the late afternoon hours. Thunderstorms erupted over the central part of Iowa during the mid and late afternoon hours. The freezing level fell during the day, setting the stage for the storms to produce hail easily. Though most of the storms did not produce severe hail, some large hail did occur over Tama County. One inch diameter hail fell on the city of Montour, while golf ball size hail pelted areas west of Tama. IOWA, East Central and Southeast Benton County Keystone 14 1731CST 0 0 Hail (0.75)

2317 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm IOWA, East Central and Southeast Benton County 2 N Van Horne to 14 1755CST 0 0 Hail (1.00) Van Horne Benton County Countywide 14 1900CST 0 0 Urban/Sml Stream Fld 2200CST Linn County Countywide 14 1900CST 0 0 Urban/Sml Stream Fld 2200CST Isolated thunderstorms developed over Central Iowa during the late afternoon and moved into portions of Benton and Linn counties. The thunderstorms produced hail and later with the loss of daytime heating the main threat shifted to heavy rain. Nearly 1.50 inches of rain fell in Cedar Rapids between 630 pm and 830 pm flooding many streets while in Benton county roadside ditches ran nearly bankfull. IAZ051-063>064- Benton - Iowa - Johnson - Muscatine - Scott - Keokuk - Washington - Louisa - Henry - Des Moines - Lee 17 1548CST 0 0 Flood 2150CST Rain developed over Northern Missouri and spread across Iowa and Illinois with two to four inches of rain falling across much of Eastern Iowa and Northwest Illinois by late afternoon. Additional rainfall of one-half to two inches during the evening sent several creeks...rivers and streams to near or slightly above bankfull. Duck Creek was sent over it's banks flooding the bike path in several areas of Davenport. The Skunk River near Augusta, the Wapsipinicon River near DeWitt and the Maquoketa River at Maquoketa all rose several feet. The heavy rain was responsible for cancellations of the state marching band competition at Muscatine High School and the Danville High School Homecoming dance. In Danville, two computer rooms and parts of the multi-purpose room at Danville High were also flooded. Flooding closed one lane of U.S. 61 south of Fort Madison, and Iowa highway 16 west of U.S. 218. A number of minor automobile accidents occurred throughout the area...but no serious injuries were reported. Storm total rainfall amounts ranged from two to just over six inches. Specific rainfall totals included; Central Davenport 6.15 inches, Calamus and West Branch 3.60 inches, Iowa City 3.56 inches, and Muscatine and North Liberty 3.50 inches. Benton County Vinton 29 1820CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G52) IOWA, Northeast

NONE REPORTED. IOWA, Northwest Sioux County Hawarden 04 1245CST 0 0 30K Lightning Lightning struck a house and caused a fire which damaged the structure and furnishings, mainly due to smoke. IOWA, Southwest

NONE REPORTED. KANSAS, East Dickinson County 5 NE Abilene 04 1010CST 0 0 Hail (1.50) Clay County 5 SE Clay Center 04 1025CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Republic County Scandia 04 1025CST 0 0 25K Lightning According to the Scandia Journal the farmhouse owned by Landy Hay was severely burned when lightning struck a nearby fence charger igniting a fire that burned the house. Washington County 2 N Kimeo 04 1045CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Washington County 1 S Greenleaf 04 1050CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Washington County Hanover 04 1105CST 0 0 Hail (1.00)

2418 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm KANSAS, East Franklin County 2 NE Princeton 04 1345CST 0 0 2K Thunderstorm Wind (G60) Strong winds damaged outbuildings and a barn. Cloud County 8 NW Concordia 04 1526CST 0 0 Hail (1.00) Douglas County Lawrence 04 1615CST 0 0 Hail (1.00) Wabaunsee County 10 S Alma 04 1615CST 0 0 1K Lightning Lightning struck a car traveling on K-99 highway destroying a ham radio and burning off a ham radio antenna and produced burns o n the trunk. Lyon County 17 NE Emporia 04 1616CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G55) Lyon County 15 NNW Emporia 04 1620CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G55) Anderson County Garnett 04 1300CST 0 0 25K Flash Flood 05 0600CST Coffey County Burlington 04 1300CST 0 0 25K Flash Flood 05 0600CST Franklin County Ottawa 04 1600CST 0 0 147K Flash Flood 05 0600CST Douglas County Lawrence 04 1700CST 0 5 1.1M Flash Flood 05 0500CST Jefferson County Williamstown 04 1700CST 0 0 25K Flash Flood 05 0400CST Lyon County Emporia 04 1700CST 0 0 35K Flash Flood 05 0400CST Osage County Lyndon 04 1800CST 0 0 25K Flash Flood 05 0500CST Shawnee County Berryton 04 1800CST 0 0 25K Flash Flood 05 0300CST Wabaunsee County Harveyville 04 1830CST 0 0 Flash Flood 05 0100CST Thunderstorms from the afternoon of the 4th to the early morning of the 5th produced heavy rains and flash flooding across counties of northeast and east central Kansas.There were numerous reports of road closures, stalled vehicles and stranded motorists. Road closures included US Highway 24 from Williamstown to Midland Junction, Highway 31 between US highway 75 and Osage City as well as some county roads over the area. Seven people were stranded near Ottawa after their vehicles were swept off the road. All were rescued. Two boys were rescued from high water near Ottawa. Officers rescued 5 people and two dogs stranded in high waters near Lawrence. Some streets in Emporia and Lawrence were closed for a time due to high water. At least 1 church was heavily damaged as were several homes. A mudslide near a former railroad overpass north of Lyndon caused the closure of US highway 75 for a time. Five minor injuries occurred in Lawrence from traffic accidents caused by the flooding. Total property damage in the counties totaled nearly 1.5 million dollars. Osage County 5 N Burlingame 04 1640CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G61) Shawnee County 6 SW Topeka 04 1710CST 0 0 3K Thunderstorm Wind (G60) Strong winds damaged several buildings and vehicles.

2519 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm KANSAS, East Osage County 1 N Quenemo 04 1712CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G52) Douglas County Lecompton 04 1714CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G52) Douglas County 1 NW Lone Star 04 1715CST 0 0 3K Thunderstorm Wind (G55) Strong winds damaged several buildings south of Clinton Lake near Lone Star. Jefferson County Williamstown 04 1715CST 0 0 5K Thunderstorm Wind (G65) Strong winds blew the roof off a barn. Douglas County Clinton 04 1735CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G56) Lyon County 15 N Emporia 04 1751CST 0 0 Hail (1.00) Wabaunsee County Harveyville 04 1810CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G52) Osage County 4 N Scranton 04 1908CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Shawnee County 2 NE Auburn to 04 1645CST 1 30 0 0 5K Tornado (F1) 3 NE Auburn 1648CST An F1 tornado touched down 2 miles northeast of Auburn and moved northeast about 1 mile before dissipating. Shawnee County 3 W Pauline 04 1650CST 0 0 30K Thunderstorm Wind (G61) Strong winds damaged trees, a barn and overturned two mobile homes. A garage was damaged and huge round bales of hay were rolled across a field. Douglas County 15 WSW Lawrence 04 1705CST 6 100 0 0 75K Tornado (F1) to 1716CST 9 SW Lawrence An F1 tornado traveled intermittantly for 6 miles. One home was destroyed and 8 to 10 other buildings were damaged in various degrees. KSZ055>056-059 Osage - Franklin - Anderson 05 0015CST 0 0 3K Flood 06 1000CST The heavy rains of the fourth and fifth caused the Marias Des Cygnes River, Salt Creek and Pottawatomie Creek in east central Kansas to produce minor agricultural flooding a few days in parts of Anderson, Osage and Franklin counties. Douglas County Lawrence 16 1500CST 0 0 Heavy Rain 17 1500CST Heavy rain caused minor flooding for a time in Lawrence. Nearly 3 inches of rain fell in a 24 hour period from mid afternoon of th e 16th to mid afternoon of the 17th. Franklin County Pomona 16 2043CST 0 0 2K Thunderstorm Wind (G52) Strong winds downed trees and a power line in Pomona. A garage was blown off its foundation. Shawnee County Rossville 17 0300CST 0 0 Urban/Sml Stream Fld 0900CST Heavy rains of one to 5 inches caused a number of small creeks and streams to overflow with water on some fields and back roads a few hours. Nemaha County 4 S Baileyville 17 0320CST 0 0 Hail (1.75)

2620 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm KANSAS, Extreme Southeast Bourbon County West Portion 02 0900CST 0 0 Flash Flood 1200CST Thunderstorms produced localized flooding of low lying areas. Bourbon County Ft Scott 04 0810CST 0 0 Hail (0.88) Bourbon County Countywide 04 1000CST 0 0 Flash Flood 1130CST Thunderstorms produced 2 to 3 inches of rain in a short time producing minor flooding of highways. Crawford County Pittsburg 04 2015CST 0 0 2K Thunderstorm Wind Thunderstorm winds knocked down trees. One tree was blown down on a car. Bourbon County Ft Scott 04 2028CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G52) Crawford County Countywide 04 2130CST 0 0 100K Flood 06 0000CST Bourbon County Countywide 04 2215CST 0 0 100K Flood 06 0000CST Cherokee County Countywide 05 1800CST 0 0 300K Flood 06 0000CST Thunderstorms produced 4 to 6 inches of rain producing flooding of low lying areas. There was extensive damage to low lying sections of highways. Bourbon County Ft Scott Arpt 17 0215CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G50) Crawford County Countywide 17 1615CST 0 0 Flash Flood 2030CST Thunderstorms produced localized flooding of low lying areas and roadways. KANSAS, North Central

NONE REPORTED. KANSAS, Northeast KSZ057-060- Miami - Linn - Leavenworth - Wyandotte - Johnson 04 0000CST 0 0 Flood 11 2359CST Extensive minor to major flooding occurred across several rivers in Northeast Kansas during the first week of October. Several inches of rain on October 4th contributed to the rise in rivers and eventual flooding.

Stranger Creek Easton, KS

Flood Stage 17 ft Above Flood Stage 10/4 to 10/6 Crest 20.25 ft on 10/5

Tonganoxie, KS

Flood Stage 23 ft Above Flood Stage 10/4 to 10/8 Crest 27.74 ft on 10/5

Kansas River

2721 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm KANSAS, Northeast 23rd Street, Kansas city, KS

Flood Stage 33 ft Above Flood Stage 10/5 Crest 33.7 ft

Maraid Des Cygnes River Osawatomie, KS

Flood Stage 28 ft Above Flood Stage 10/5 to 10/9 Crest 37.6 ft on 10/7

La Cygnes, KS

Flood Stage 25 ft Above Flood Stage 10/5 to 10/10 Crest 31.12 ft on 10/8

Trading Post, KS

Flood Stage 25 ft Above Flood Stage 10/5 to 10/11 Ctrest 29.64 ft

Indian Creek Overland Park, KS

Flood Stage 13 ft Above Flood Stage 10/4 to 10/5 Crest 16.47 ft on 10/5 Johnson County Overland Park 04 1800CST 2 0 8M Flash Flood 05 0200CST M27VE, M83VE Leavenworth County Tonganoxie 04 1800CST 0 0 2M Flash Flood 05 0200CST Wyandotte County Kansas City 04 1800CST 0 0 2M Flash Flood 05 0200CST Thunderstorms on the evening of October 4th produced very heavy rainfall resulting in major flash flooding over the Kansas counties of the Kansas City metropolitan area. Up to 3 to 5 inches of rain fell in a three hour period between 6:00 PM and 9:00 PM CDT. In Lenexa, KS, over 5 inches of rain fell between 7:00 PM and 8:15 PM. The heavy rainfall with these evening thunderstorms fell on top of an already rain soaked soil from 1 to 3 inches of rain that had fallen over the region earlier in the day. Rain also fell on 6 of the 7 days during the week prior to the flash flood.

In Johnson County, a 27 year old male was killed in Lenexa when his car was swept of the road near the intersection of West 93rd Street and Acuff Road into Mill Creek. An 83 year old male was killed in Overland Park when his car was trapped in flood waters on Connell Ave. near 103rd Street. The man drown while attempting to flee his vehicle as it was being washed into a drainage ditch. Numerous road closures were reported throughout the county including several sections of I-35 and I-435. Up to 4 feet of water flooded several homes and businesses in Merriam and extensive flooding also occurred along Southwest Blvd. in the Turkey Creek watershed. Johnson County Emergency Management reported over 90 calls for water rescues between 7:30 PM and midnight.

Leavenworth County Emergency Management reported road closures along most major roadways throughout the county. In Tonganoxie, 3 home rescues were reported due to flooding. In Wyandotte County, flash flooding was reported along Turkey Creek in Kansas City. Fifty business reported flood damage along Southwest Blvd. Johnson County Merriam 04 1840CST 0 0 Hail (1.75)

2822 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm KANSAS, Northeast KSZ025 Atchison 17 0000CST 0 0 Flood 2359CST Minor flooding occurred along the Delaware River in Muscotah, KS on October 17th.

Delaware River Muscotah, KS

Flood Stage 27 ft Above Flood Stage 10/17 Crest 27.91 ft KANSAS, Northwest KSZ014 Thomas 05 1530CST 0 0 High Wind (G55) Road Paving Machine was turned over by strong winds and blocked traffic on Interstate 70 near Brewester. Sherman County Goodland Arpt 16 1213MST 0 0 Hail (0.75) 1221MST Dime size hail also reported in town. Sherman County 11 NE Goodland 16 1235MST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Rawlins County 7 NW Atwood 16 1424CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Rawlins County 5 S Herndon 16 1525CST 0 0 Hail (1.25) Decatur County 4 S Oberlin 16 1604CST 0 0 Hail (1.00) Hail broke windshield on Highway 83. Decatur County 11 SE Oberlin 16 1620CST 0 0 Hail (1.00) Decatur County Norcatur 16 1700CST 0 0 Hail (1.00) Sherman County 2.5 ENE Kanorado 26 1705MST 0 0 Hail (0.75) KANSAS, Southeast Kingman County 6 W Penalosa 04 1335CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G52) Several large tree limbs blown down. Mcpherson County Moundridge 04 1346CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Reno County Darlow 04 1400CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G52) Kingman County Willowdale 04 1410CST 0 0 Hail (2.50) Reno County Pretty Prairie 04 1417CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G52) Kingman County Kingman 04 1430CST 0 0 Hail (1.25) Kingman County Kingman 04 1430CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G52) Kingman County 1 N Kingman 04 1435CST 0 0 Hail (0.75)

2923 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm KANSAS, Southeast Sedgwick County Goddard 04 1446CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G54) Reno County 3 SW Haven 04 1450CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Sedgwick County 5 NW Wichita 04 1454CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Sedgwick County 6 NW Wichita 04 1455CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Mcpherson County Moundridge 04 1500CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Harvey County Sedgwick 04 1510CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Sedgwick County 1 N Wichita 04 1510CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G52) Mcpherson County Canton 04 1513CST 0 0 Flash Flood 1613CST Severe thunderstorms producing 2-3 inches of rain caused flooding in and around Canton near the North Branch of the Cottonwood River. Mcpherson County Moundridge 04 1513CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G52) Sedgwick County 2 SE Bentley 04 1600CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G61) Inflicted tree damage. Harvey County Sedgwick 04 1610CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G52) Tree limbs blown down. Cowley County Maple City 04 1722CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Chautauqua County Cedar Vale 04 1750CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G52) Chase County 3 SW Saffordville 04 1800CST 0 0 Flash Flood 1900CST Thunderstorm rains caused Peyton Creek to flood. Chautauqua County 10 NE Sedan 04 1810CST 0 0 Hail (0.88) Chautauqua County 10 NE Sedan 04 1810CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G52) Chautauqua County 3 N Hale 04 1825CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Elk County 2 S Oak Vly 04 1835CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Montgomery County 2 SW Elk City 04 1837CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Cowley County 7 E Arkansas City 04 1905CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Labette County 2 NE Parsons 04 1920CST 0 0 Heavy Rain 2320CST Trained spotter recorded 3.80 inches of rain in 4 hours. Neosho County 2 S Erie 04 1920CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G52)

3024 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm KANSAS, Southeast Large trees and power lines blown down. Half of Erie without power. Neosho County 1 NE St Paul 04 1928CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G52) Montgomery County 5 S Cherryvale 04 1930CST 0 0 Heavy Rain 2102CST Cooperative observer recorded 4.47 inches of rain in 1 1/2 hours. Chautauqua County Cedar Vale 04 2050CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G52) Large trees blown down. Labette County Altamont to 04 2103CST 0 0 Flash Flood Parsons 05 0825CST Thunderstorms producing 3-6 inches of rain caused Labette and Deer Creeks to flood. The flash flooding resulted in the closure of the following highways: U.S. Highway 160 east and westbound out of Parsons, Route 59 north and southbound out of Parsons, Route 96 from Altamont westbound to the intersection with Route 101, Route 101 southbound thru Edna. Montgomery County Independence 04 2103CST 0 0 Flash Flood 05 0200CST Thunderstorms producing 3-6 inches of rain caused flash flooding in and around Independence that resulted in the closure of many streets that left several cars stranded. Montgomery County Havana 04 2121CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G52) Chautauqua County 4 SE Niotaze 04 2125CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G52) Rice County 1 W Alden 17 0415CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G52) Neosho County St Paul 17 1344CST 0 0 50K Thunderstorm Wind (G65) Vehicle was blown into front window of a building, numerous power poles blown down, and 3 buildings had roofs blown off. KSZ067-082>083- Reno - Kingman - Sedgwick - Harper - Sumner 31 0930CST 0 0 Flood 2359CST Widespread heavy rains of 6-10 inches caused the Arkansas, Little Arkansas, Chikaskia and Ninnescah Rivers as well as their respective tributaries to flood. The flooding resulted in the closure of numerous roads and highways across all 5 counties. The final report of this event will be submitted with the November Storm Data. KANSAS, Southwest Seward County Liberal 01 0700CST 0 0 1M Flash Flood 2000CST Heavy rain fell across the liberal area for 24 hours with the heaviest rain falling between 8 AM and 5 PM CDT. Five to eight inches were reported with one unofficial report indicating 10 inches! Streets were flooded that had never flooded before. A local disaster was declared. Stafford County Stafford 01 1930CST 0 0 Flash Flood Water was reported over the intersection of HWY 50 and HWY 281. Kiowa County 3 ESE Belvidere 04 1030CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Pratt County 3 WNW Pratt 04 1101CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Clark County 13 SE Ashland 04 1150CST 0 0 Hail (1.00) Comanche County 10 S Protection 04 1200CST 0 0 Hail (1.00)

3125 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm KANSAS, Southwest Comanche County 13 E Coldwater 04 1245CST 0 0 Hail (1.00) Kiowa County 3 ESE Belvidere 04 1250CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Barber County Sun City 04 1255CST 0 0 1K Thunderstorm Wind Six inch tree limb was blown down and a window blown out of a house. Pratt County 1 W Coats 04 1302CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Pratt County 3 E Coats 04 1307CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G61) Pratt County 1 E Coats 04 1308CST 0 0 Hail (1.00) Pratt County 1 N Sawyer 04 1312CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Pratt County 5 ESE Cairo 04 1320CST 0 0 1.5K Thunderstorm Wind Power lines blown down. Barber County Isabel 04 1350CST 0 0 Hail (1.00) Barber County 10 W Medicine Lodge 04 1408CST 0 0 Hail (0.75)

Finney County 23 E Garden City 16 1458CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Finney County 23 E Garden City 16 1458CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G52) Ness County 9 SW Ness City 16 1517CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G58) Ness County 9 SW Ness City 16 1525CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Ness County 9 NE Ness City 16 1550CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G65) Ten inch tree limbs blown down. Trego County 14 S Riga to 16 1754CST 3 75 0 0 15K Tornado (F1) 12 SSE Riga 1758CST Tornado marched on into Ellis county, producing a 26 mile long path. Ellis County 11 SW Yocemento to 16 1758CST 23 1300 0 1 1.2M Tornado (F3) 11 NE Yocemento 1828CST Tornado that began in eastern Trego county, steadily moved northeast before dissipating north of Hays. The tornado hit several farms in rural Ellis county and slammed into sparsely populated Yocemento. After leaving Yocemento, the tornado tore through a feedyard and on across other parts of rural Ellis county. Fortunately, the tornado stayed just west and north of populated Hays where a hig h school football game was in progress. The tornado damaged or destroyed 10 homes, a grain elevator, many outbuildings, a tractor and a feedlot. During the weaker moments of the tornado, it moved a 14,000 pound tractor 30 yards. One modular constructed home on a concrete slab was completely destroyed with the remains carried 1/2 of a mile. A steel I-beam from a concrete building travelle d several hundred yards, eventually crashing into a grain elevator. Three empty anhydrous ammonia tanks were moved causing a leak of a benign amount of vapour. An injury occurred to a male driving a tractor-trailer rig on Interstate 70. Comanche County 4 NE Coldwater 17 0051CST 0 0 Hail (1.00) Kiowa County 2 E Belvidere 17 0100CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G52)

3226 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm KANSAS, Southwest Barber County 22 NW Medicine 17 0125CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Lodge KENTUCKY, Central

NONE REPORTED. KENTUCKY, Eastern

NONE REPORTED. KENTUCKY, Northeast

NONE REPORTED. KENTUCKY, Northern

NONE REPORTED. KENTUCKY, Southwest Fulton County West Portion 05 2215CST 0 0 Flash Flood 06 0045CST An area of thunderstorms with very heavy rain produced over 2 inches in 3 hours. Mccracken County Paducah 06 1545CST 0 0 30K Thunderstorm Wind (G61) 1557CST An isolated small thunderstorm produced wind gusts around 70 MPH as it passed over the western side of Paducah. An off-duty meteorologist estimated speeds near 70 MPH at the intersection of Interstate 24 and U.S. Highway 60. Trees were blown down in the area. At Kentucky Oaks Mall, signs were blown down, including a Days Inn motel sign. A utility pole was pushed over. The storm continued to produce some damage as it passed across the Ohio River into Brookport, Illinois in Massac County.

LOUISIANA, Northeast Madison Parish 1 W Tallulah 06 1510CST 0 0 4K Thunderstorm Wind Several trees were blown down. LOUISIANA, Northwest Caddo Parish Blanchard 02 2355CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G52) Numerous trees down along State Line and Blanchard-Latex roads. Bossier Parish 5 NE Benton 03 0001CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G52) Bossier Parish 8 E Plain Dealing 03 0005CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G52) Numerous trees down along Hwy 2. Sabine Parish 2 SW Toro 06 0900CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G57) Several large pines snapped. LOUISIANA, Southeast Iberville Parish Ramah 06 1440CST 0 0 Funnel Cloud A large funnel cloud was reported in the vicinity of the Whiskey Bay exit on Interstate Highway 10.

3327 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm LOUISIANA, Southeast Assumption Parish 1 S Napoleonville 06 1540CST 0.1 20 0 0 0 Tornado (F0) A tornado was sighted and videotaped as it touched down briefly in a sugar cane field south of Napoleonville. No damage was reported. LOUISIANA, Southwest Calcasieu Parish Moss Bluff 03 0900CST 0 0 80K Lightning Lightning sparked a fire in 5 apartments in Moss Bluff. Calcasieu Parish Sulphur 03 0930CST 0 0 10K Flash Flood 1030CST SKYWARN storm spotters recorded between 4 and 5 inches of rain fell over a short period of time, resulting in street flooding in portions of Sulphur and Lake Charles. LAZ044 Lafayette 04 2200CST 0 0 20K High Wind High winds associated with an outflow boundary from strong thunderstorms in the Gulf of Mexico caused a tree to fall on a garage in Lafayette. Vernon Parish Ft Polk 06 0921CST 0.5 10 0 0 10K Tornado (F0) A small tornado was witnessed by meteorologists at Fort Polk Weather Unit, located at the air field. The tornado touched down briefly on the outskirts of the airfield, tearing up some trees, before dissipating in the woods. Calcasieu Parish 8 S Lake Charles 06 1020CST 0.5 10 0 0 50K Tornado (F0) A small tornado touched down briefly near Devils Elbow off of Big Lake, south of Lake Charles. Eyewitnesses saw a descending rotating gray cloud making a loud roaring sound...with no rain. The tornado ripped the roof off a camp, which landed on the neighbor's truck and trailer. The entire event lasted less than 15 seconds. MAINE

NOT RECEIVED. MARYLAND, Central MDZ002>004- Allegany - Washington - Frederick - Northern Baltimore - Harford - Montgomery - Howard - Southern 01 0000EST 0 0 Drought 31 2359EST Persistent high pressure over the Southeast U.S. forced most rain producing low pressure centers to steer north of the region during the month. This resulted in unusually dry conditions across Central and Northern Maryland, creating the fourth straight month of drought conditions. Only 1.06 inches of rain fell at the Baltimore/Washington International Airport (BWI) in Anne Arundel County during October, 1.92 inches below normal. The Maryland Science Center in Baltimore reported a monthly total of 1.25 inches. Other monthly rainfall totals from affected counties included 2.0 inches in Howard and Montgomery, 1.8 in Northern Baltimore, and 1.1 in Anne Arundel.

To put the severity of the drought in perspective, only one other year on record (1930) had ever come close to the lack of rainfall the Baltimore area saw from July 1st to October 31st. The 4 month rainfall total at BWI was only 4.66 inches. According to records at the airport, this October was the 5th driest since 1871. In addition, the U.S. Geological Survey reported the flow of freshwater into the Chesapeake Bay was 41% of normal during October. Groundwater levels across Central and Northern Maryland were also reported below average during the month.

The agricultural community continued to be hard hit by the persistent drought. By October 31st, 82% of topsoil moisture across the state was rated short or very short. Some farmers were feeding livestock at mid-winter levels during the month. Some late fall crops such as wheat, barley, and rye were not planted or planted late due to dry conditions. Six counties in South-Central Maryland were declared federal disaster areas to help compensate for losses in crop yields and damage to pasture land. MARYLAND, Northeast Caroline County Countywide 08 0900EST 0 0 Heavy Rain 2100EST

3428 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm MARYLAND, Northeast Talbot County Countywide 08 0900EST 0 0 Heavy Rain 2100EST A slow moving cold front with a series of low pressure systems moving north along it produced heavy rain on the 8th across the lower Eastern Shore. The heaviest rain fell in Talbot and Caroline Counties. The storm total in Federalsburg was 3.1 inches. Storm totals farther north were around one inch. The heavy rain produced some poor drainage flooding. There was no flooding along the larger streams and rivers. The cold front was in Ohio the morning of the 7th, western Maryland the morning of the 8th and reached the Delmarva Peninsula coastal waters early in the morning on the 9th. While periods of rain fell over a couple of days, the heaviest rain fell during the 8th. The bulk of October's precipitation fell during these three days. MDZ008-012-015 Cecil - Kent - Queen Annes 31 2359EST 0 0 0 Unseasonably Dry The run of unseasonably dry weather continued across the Maryland Eastern Shore, especially in the northern half of the eastern shore. This was the fourth consecutive month of below normal precipitation for most areas. On a county weighted average, monthly precipitation totals were near normal in Caroline and Talbot Counties, but were between one half to one inch and a half below normal farther north. The least precipitation fell in Kent County (around 1.7 inches for the month). MARYLAND, South

NONE REPORTED. MARYLAND, West

NONE REPORTED. MASSACHUSETTS, Central and East MAZ002>019 Western Franklin - Eastern Franklin - Northern Worcester - Western Middlesex - Western Essex - Eastern 01 1200EST 0 0 250K Strong Winds 1600EST MAZ013 Western Norfolk 01 1521EST 0 0 High Wind (G51) Strong west to northwest winds gusting to 40 to 50 mph in the wake of a strong cold front caused scattered power outages and scattered wind damage across the state from the Connecticut Valley to eastern Massachusetts. In the Connecticut Valley, strong winds resulted in power outages affecting up to 10,000 electric customers, including 8,500 in Hampshire County where one major electric line was knocked down in Easthampton. In Springfield, a huge tree fell onto a house causing considerable damage. In Palmer, several panes of glass were blown out of a second story window and crashed into the street. In Worcester County, a few of the reports included large branches that fell across power lines in Gardner and a large tree which fell and blocked a street in Templeton. A falling tree in Leominster damaged a parked car and scattered power outages affected electric customers in Fitchburg, Lunenburg, Townsend, and Ashby. In the Merrimack Valley, the strong winds knocked down trees and tree limbs which fell onto power lines and blacked out power to 4,000 electric customers. In Middlesex County, a police officer in Marlboro was nearly killed when a huge tree fell into the road and crushed a van. The tree also ripped down power and telephone lines. In Holliston, the strong winds knocked down a large tree which fell onto a van, resulting in a total loss. In Chelmsford, a lot of trees and tree limbs were blown down. In Cambridge, many tree limbs were reported downed and a tree fell on a vehicle and part of a bus. No injuries were reported, but there was one indirect injury when a police officer bumped his head. The peak wind gust reported during the afternoon was 59 mph atop Blue Hill in Milton. Barnstable County East Falmouth 08 1200EST 0 0 Heavy Rain 11 1800EST Bristol County New Bedford 08 1200EST 0 0 Heavy Rain 11 1800EST Essex County Newburyport 08 1200EST 0 0 Heavy Rain 11 1800EST Middlesex County Natick 08 1200EST 0 0 Heavy Rain 11 1800EST

3529 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm MASSACHUSETTS, Central and East Norfolk County Milton 08 1200EST 0 0 Heavy Rain 11 1800EST Plymouth County Hingham 08 1200EST 0 0 Heavy Rain 11 1800EST Suffolk County Winthrop 08 1200EST 0 0 Heavy Rain 11 1800EST Worcester County Westborough 08 1200EST 0 0 Heavy Rain 11 1800EST A low pressure system developed along a stationary front along the Eastern Seaboard and resulted in a long duration rain event which started on October 8th and lasted into October 11th. Heavy rain affected most of central and eastern Massachusetts with 4 to more than 6 inches of rain. There were a few reports of urban street flooding, but no mainstem river or stream flooding was observed. In New Bedford, Route 18 was closed for about an hour on October 10th due to flooding, and there were several other reports of flooding in the city when over one inch of rain fell in one hour. About 3 inches of rain fell during an 18-hour period starting at noon on October 8th and lasting into the morning hours of the 9th at the Blue Hill Observatory in Milton. The greatest four day storm totals of over 5 inches were reported from the eastern part of the state in an area south and southwest of Boston. A spotter in Milton reported the most with 6.73 inches and the Blue Hill Observatory, also in Milton, had 5.75 inches. In Hingham, a cooperative observer reported 5.59 inches, making this the third greatest October rain event on a 46-year record. The greater events included 7.92 inches in two days during October, 1996 and 6.65 inches in three days during October, 1962. Some of the other higher totals from this event included 6.25 inches in Natick, 5.39 inches in Hull, 5.07 inches in Lexington, 5.00 inches in Winthrop, 4.95 inches in Newburyport, 4.90 inches in East Falmouth, 4.77 inches in Westboro, and 4.58 inches in New Bedford. This was the 7th rain event of 1998 to produce over 3 inches of rainfall, and brought the total for the year to over 60 inches in many parts of eastern Massachusetts. Hampden County Southwick 14 1200EST 0 0 Heavy Rain 1800EST Thunderstorms produced heavy rain which totaled 3.10 inches for the day in Southwick. The heaviest rain occurred during the early afternoon, resulting in some street and poor drainage flooding. Route 202 was flooded by one foot of water at one intersection, and on another road, a guard rail washed into a culvert. Moderate erosion occurred and several basements were flooded in the area. MASSACHUSETTS, West

NONE REPORTED. MICHIGAN, East

NONE REPORTED. MICHIGAN, Extreme Southwest

NONE REPORTED. MICHIGAN, North

NONE REPORTED. MICHIGAN, Upper

NONE REPORTED. MICHIGAN, West

NOT RECEIVED.

3630 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm MINNESOTA, Central and South Central Martin County 1 W Welcome 14 1219CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Brown County Comfrey 14 1330CST 0 0 Hail (0.88) Martin County Welcome 14 1347CST 0 0 Hail (1.00) Brown County 7 N Sleepy Eye 14 1406CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Nicollet County 9 NW St George 14 1408CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Mcleod County 6 S Stewart 14 1415CST 0 0 Hail (1.75) Sibley County 3 W Gibbon 14 1415CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Martin County Welcome 14 1416CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Renville County 5 N Fairfax 14 1440CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Watonwan County 2 E Butterfield 14 1730CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Anoka County Andover 16 0545CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) MINNESOTA, Northeast

NONE REPORTED. MINNESOTA, Northwest

NONE REPORTED. MINNESOTA, Southeast

NONE REPORTED. MINNESOTA, Southwest Nobles County Dundee 14 1236CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Pipestone County Edgerton 14 1333CST 0 0 Hail (1.00) Nobles County Adrian 14 1340CST 0 0 Hail (0.88) Nobles County 7 SW Dundee 14 1407CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Jackson County 6 S Jackson 14 1434CST 0 0 Hail (1.00) Pipestone County 8 N Pipestone 16 0230CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Lyon County Marshall 16 0315CST 0 0 Hail (0.75)

3731 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm MINNESOTA, West

NONE REPORTED. MINNESOTA, West Central

NONE REPORTED. MISSISSIPPI, Central Jefferson Davis Prentiss 02 1640CST 0 0 2K Thunderstorm Wind A light pole was blown down. Warren County Vicksburg 06 1515CST 0 0 2K Thunderstorm Wind A large limb was blown and caused minor damage to a house. . MISSISSIPPI, North

NONE REPORTED. MISSISSIPPI, South

NONE REPORTED. MISSISSIPPI, Southeast

NONE REPORTED. MISSOURI, East Moniteau County Countywide 05 0800CST 0 0 Flood 06 0200CST Rainfall of 3 to 5 inches caused widespread flood/flash flooding across the county. Several major roads went under water, including Highway 50 east of California and east of Tipton, Highway 87 south of California, and Route D north of California. Low water crossings throughout the county were impassable. Knox County Countywide 05 0830CST 0 0 Flash Flood 1200CST Rainfall of 3-4 inches caused flooding of roads across the county. Highway E south of Knox City went under water, as did parts of Highway F, and the intersection of routes 156 and 151. Boone County Countywide 05 0900CST 0 0 Flash Flood 1530CST Callaway County Countywide 05 0900CST 0 0 Flash Flood 1530CST Rainfall of 3-5 inches caused widespread flooding of roads. In Callaway County, virtually all county roads from Holts Summit to Portland flooded. Highway 94 near Mokane went underwater, as did Highway Z near Calwood. Highways E, M, PP and Y also had water over the roads. The story was similar in Boone County. Some of the roads that became impassable included Bonne Femme Church, Rangeline, Blackfoot, Jemerson Creek, Hillcreek, St. Charles, Wilcox, Stone, Bush Landing, River Road between Hartsburg and Wilton, Easley River, and the Rocheport Gravel Road. Audrain County Countywide 05 0930CST 0 0 Flash Flood 1300CST

3832 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm MISSOURI, East Cole County Countywide 05 0930CST 0 0 Flash Flood 1300CST Lewis County Countywide 05 0930CST 0 0 Flash Flood 1300CST Monroe County Countywide 05 0930CST 0 0 Flash Flood 1300CST Shelby County Countywide 05 0930CST 0 0 Flash Flood 1300CST Rainfall of 3-4 inches caused flash flooding across much of central and northeast Missouri. Many county roads, especially those with low-lying areas or low-water crossings became impassable. Route D between Russellville and Highway 54 in Cole County went underwater as did Rock House Road near the Cole and Moniteau County line. Highway 156 in Lewis County went underwater east of Newark as did Route K. Cole County Countywide 05 1900CST 0 0 Flood 06 0200CST Moniteau County Countywide 05 1900CST 0 0 Flood 06 0200CST Montgomery County Countywide 05 1900CST 0 0 Flood 06 0200CST Additional rainfall of 1-3 inches caused flooding again across parts of central Missouri. Many roads that went underwater in the morning or early afternoon either stayed underwater or went under again. In Cole County Rock House Road west of Russellville and Route D between Russellville and Highway 54 went underwater. In Moniteau County Highway 50 east of California went underwater. In Montgomery County, Routes CC, J, and K all went underwater. MOZ041-047>051- Boone - Moniteau - Cole - Osage - Callaway - Montgomery - Gasconade - Warren - St. Charles - Franklin - St. 06 0000CST 0 0 Flood 12 0000CST Heavy rain over west Missouri and further upstream caused flooding on the Missouri River in central and eastern Missouri. On average, river stages rose to 5 to 7 feet over flood stage. The stages quickly fell and were back below flood levels after 5 to 6 days. Damage was minimal, primarily because wetlands and low-land agricultural areas were the only locations flooded. Many of the wetlands had been established as a result of the Great Flood of 1998

Missouri River

Location Flood Stage Crest/Date

Jefferson City 23 29.5 10/7 Gasconade 22 32.0 10/8 Hermann 21 28.9 10/8 Washington 20 25.8 10/9 St. Charles 25 30.0 10/9 Washington County Richwoods 29 1630CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Storm spotters reported 3/4 inch hail. MISSOURI, Lower

NONE REPORTED. MISSOURI, Northwest MOZ014-020-023- Daviess - Buchanan - Livingston - Platte - Clay - Ray - Carroll - Chariton - Jackson - Lafayette - Saline - 01 0000CST 0 0 Flood 11 2359CST Extensive minor to major flooding occurred across Northwest and West Central Missouri during early October. Heavy thunderstorm

3933 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm MISSOURI, Northwest rains on October 4th on top of the water from several significant rainfall events during the second half of September resulted in the rises of Missouri streams. The most severe flooding occurred in the Kansas City Metropolitan area when up to 6 inches of rain fell in less than 3 hours on October 4th.

Blue River Kansas City, MO

Bannister Rd

Flood Stage 24 ft Above Flood Stage 10/4 to 10/5 Crest 29.98 ft on 10/5

Blue Parkway

Flood Stage 33 ft Above Flood Stage 10/4 to 10/5 Crest 40.0 ft on 10/5

Stadium drive

Flood Stage 29.0 ft Above Flood Stage 10/4 to 10/5 Crest 32.0 ft on 10/5

Big Creek Blairstown, MO

Flood Stage 20 ft Above Flood Stage 10/4 to 10/8 Crest 24.73 ft on 10/6

South Grand River Urich, MO

Flood Stage 24 ft Above Flood Stage 10/1 to 10/8 Crest 26.92 ft on 10/6

Blackwater River Valley City, MO

Flood Stage 22 ft Above Flood Stage 10/4 to 10/6 Crest Estimated 29.0 ft on 10/5

Blue Lick, MO

Flood Stage 24 ft Above Flood Stage 10/5 to 10/10 Crest 31.19 ft on 10/8

Wakenda Creek Carrollton, MO

Flood Stage 20 ft Above Flood Stage 10/4 to 10/8 Crest 28.0 ft on 10/5

Crooked River Richmond, MO

4034 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm MISSOURI, Northwest Flood Stage 20 ft Above Flood Stage 10/4 to 10/6 Crest Estimated 27.0 ft on 10/5

Little Blue River Lake City, MO

Flood Stage 18 ft Above Flood Stage 10/4 to 10/5 Crest 21.16 ft on 10/5

Little Platte River Smithville, MO

Flood Stage 24 ft Above Flood Stage 10/4 to 10/5 Crest 32.9 ft on 10/5

Fishing River Mosby, MO

Flood Stage 18 ft Above Flood Stage 10/4 to 10/6 Crest 29.5 ft on 10/5

Grand River Pattonsburg, MO

Flood Stage 25 ft Above Flood Stage 10/4 to 10/6 Crest 28.0 ft on 10/5

Gallatin, MO

Flood Stage 26 ft Above Flood Stage 10/5 to 10/6 Crest 31.61 ft on 10/5

Chillicothe, MO

Flood Stage 24 ft Above Flood Stage 10/5 to 10/8 Crest 34.6 ft on 10/6

Sumner, MO

Flood Stage 26 ft Above Flood Stage 10/5 to 10/11 Crest 38.58 ft on 10/7

Brunswick, MO

Flood Stage 19 ft Above Flood Stage 10/5 to 10/11 Crest 29.1 ft on 10/7

Chariton River Praire Hill, MO

Flood Stage 15 ft Above Flood Stage 10/5 to 10/7 Crest 19.88 ft on 10/5

4135 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm MISSOURI, Northwest

Missouri River Sibley, MO

Flood Stage 22 ft Above Flood Stage 10/4 to 10/8 Crest 27.6 ft on 10/5

Napoleon, MO

Flood Stage 17 ft Above Flood Stage 10/4 to 10/8 Crest 24.9 ft on 10/6

Waverly, MO

Flood Stage 20 ft Above Flood Stage 10/5 to 10/9 Crest 27.97 ft on 10/6

Miami, MO

Flood Stage 18 ft Above Flood Stage 10/5 to 10/10 Crest 27.0 ft on 10/6

Glasgow, MO

Flood Stage 25 ft Above Flood Stage 10/5 to 10/10 Crest 32.02 ft on 10/7

Boonville, MO

Flood Stage 21 ft Above Flood Stage 10/5 to 10/11 Crest 29.68 ft on 10/7

Platte River Agency, MO

Flood Stage 20 ft Above Flood Stage 10/4 to 10/7 Crest 28.03 ft on 10/5

Sharps Station

Flood Stage 26 ft Above Flood Stage 10/4 to 10/9 Crest 32.03 ft on 10/7

Platte City

Flood Stage 20 ft Above Flood Stage 10/5 to 10/9 Crest 28.05 ft

Moniteau Creek Fayette, MO

Flood Stage 16 ft Above Flood Stage 10/5 to 10/6

4236 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm MISSOURI, Northwest Crest 16.4 ft on 10/6

Lamine River Otterville, MO

Flood Stage 15 ft Above Flood Stage 10/5 to 10/6 Crest 21.47 ft on 10/6

Petite Saline Creek Boonville, MO

Flood Stage 16 ft Above Flood Stage 10/5 to 10/7 Crest 19.76 ft on 10/6 Lafayette County 6 SW Concordia 04 1300CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Hail covered the ground. Johnson County 4 NNE Warrensburg 04 1305CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Lafayette County 2 E Higginsville 04 1555CST 0 0 Hail (1.75) Carroll County De Witt 04 1645CST 0 0 Hail (1.75) Chariton County Brunswick 04 1655CST 0 0 Hail (1.00) Clinton County Cameron 04 1740CST 0 0 50K Thunderstorm Wind (G70) 1745CST Minor roof damage was reported to several homes, and several porches and outbuildings weredestroyed. Caldwell County 5 SW Kidder 04 1755CST 0 0 25K Thunderstorm Wind (G70) 1800CST Several outbuildings damaged and trees downed. wind speed estimated. Daviess County Gallatin 04 1820CST 0 0 Hail (1.00) Daviess County 4 W Coffey 04 1825CST 0 0 Hail (1.75) Grundy County Trenton 04 1845CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G70) Lafayette County Lexington 04 2039CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Carroll County Carrollton 04 2110CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Jackson County Kansas City 04 1408CST 9 0 20M Flash Flood 05 0300CST M8IW, M17VE, M19VE, F25VE, M39VE, F43VE, F44VE, F57OT, M27VE Carroll County Carrollton 04 1615CST 0 0 Flash Flood 05 0400CST Lafayette County Lexington 04 1630CST 0 0 Flash Flood 05 0400CST

4337 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm MISSOURI, Northwest Clay County Mosby 04 1830CST 0 0 4M Flash Flood 05 0300CST Platte County Platte City 04 1830CST 0 0 4M Flash Flood 05 0300CST Cass County Pleasant Hill 04 1900CST 0 0 200K Flash Flood 05 0300CST Ray County Richmond 04 2030CST 0 0 100K Flash Flood 05 0400CST Buchanan County St Joseph 04 2130CST 1 0 500K Flash Flood 05 0200CST M56VE Thunderstorms containing very heavy rainfall over West Central Missouri on October 4th resulted in several episodes of major flash flooding. The most deadly and costly flooding occurred in Jackson County where nine people lost their lives on the evening of October 4th. The Kansas City metropolitan area experienced the worst of the flooding which was similar in historical context as the devastating flash flood in September 1977.

Several episodes of heavy rain producing thunderstorms commenced on the morning of October 4th and continued into early afternoon. In Lee's Summit, up to 10 people had to be rescued from a flooded apartment complex and the depth of the water on 3rd St reached 3 feet . This heavy rain fell on top of already saturated soil from rain that occurred 6 out of 7 days prior to October 4th. Shortly after 7 PM, a line of slow moving thunderstorms moved into the Kansas City metropolitan area. These thunderstorms produced 3 to 5 inches of rain in less than 2 hours in many locations. The combination of very intense downpours and dangerous lightning forced a 52 minute delay in the nationally televised Kansas City Chiefs-Seattle Seahawks football game at Arrowhead Stadium just outside the city limits of Kansas City in Jackson County. An 8 year old boy from Lake Jacomo was swept into a creek while playing near his home.

The torrential rainfall resulted in severe flash flooding along Brush Creek in Kansas City. Seven people lost their lives as a result of their vehicles being swept into the rapidly moving stream while attempting to cross the water covered bridge over Brush Creek at Prospect Avenue. A 57 year old women was found dead at a tennis court near 53rd Street and State Line Road which is in the Brush Creek basin. An entire apartment complex along Woodland Avenue near Brush Creek was completely flooded and all tenants lost their home. At least 200 families in Kansas City reported damage to their home. Along Southwest Blvd., many business were severely damaged by flood waters and forced to close until relief arrived. There were numerous road closures in Kansas City as a result of the flash flood.

North of the Missouri River in the Kansas City Metro area, numerous roads were closed in Platte County including portions of Highways 371 and 45. In Clay County, bridges were washed out at 188th Street and Nations and at 199th Street and Outer Road. Water 3 to 6 feet in depth covered roadways in Smithville and Mosby. Kansas City Fire Department reported over 200 water rescues throughout the Metro Area during the flood.

Flash flooding also was reported in Buchanan County. A 56 year old St. Joseph man was killed when his car washed off the road into Pigeon Creek near 41st Road on the south side of St. Joseph. The heaviest 24 hour rainfall amounts of 7 inches were reported in Ray and Carroll Counties. Numerous roads were closed in Carrollton including sections of Highway 65. In Ray County, Highway 210 was closed and P Highway was blocked off near Camden due to a mudslide. Clay County Gladstone 16 2130CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G60) Reported at Barry Road and Highway 169 Platte County Lake Waukomis 16 2130CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G60) Power lines and trees reported downed. MOZ023-028>029- Livingston - Platte - Clay - Chariton - Saline - Howard - Johnson - Cooper - Henry 17 0000CST 0 0 Flood 23 2359CST Locally heavy thunderstorm rains on October 17th produced another episode of river flodding over West Central Missouri during the October 17th to 21st time period.

4438 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm MISSOURI, Northwest Big Creek Blairstown, MO

Flood Stage 20 ft Above Flood Stage 10/17 to 10/19 Crest 24.6 ft on 10/18

South Grand River Urich, MO

Flood Stage 24 ft Above Flood Stage 10/17 to 10/19 Crest 26.05 ft on 10/18

Blackwater River Valley City, MO

Flood Stage 22 ft Above Flood Stage 10/17 to 10/19 Crest 29.0 ft on 10/18

Blue Lick, MO

Flood Stage 24 ft Above Flood Stage 10/17 to 10/23 Crest 30.3 ft on 10/21

Little Platte River Smithville, MO

Flood Stage 24 ft Above Flood Stage 10/17 Crest 27.85 ft

Fishing River Mosby, MO

Flood Stage 18 ft Above Flood Stage 10/17 to 10/18 Crest 23.2 ft on 10/18

Grand River Chillicothe, MO

Flood Stage 24 ft Above Flood Stage 10/18 to 10/19 Crest 28.36 ft on 10/18

Sumner, MO

Flood Stage 26 ft Above Flood Stage 10/18 to 10/20 Crest 33.78 ft on 10/19

Brunswick, MO

Flood Stage 19 ft Above Flood Stage 10/18 to 10/21 Crest 20.7 ft on 10/20

Chariton River Prairie Hill, MO

4539 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm MISSOURI, Northwest

Flood Stage 15 ft Above Flood Stage 10/17 to 10/18 Crest 17.51 ft on 10/18

Missouri River Boonville, MO

Flood Stage 21 ft Above Flood Stage 10/19 to 10/21 Crest 22.1 ft on 10/20

Platte River Sharps Station, MO

Flood Stage 26 ft Above Flood stage 10/19 Crest 26.04 ft

Platte City, MO

Flood Stage 20 ft Above Flood Stage 10/18 to 10/19 Crest 20.68 on 10/19

Moniteau Creek Fayette, MO

Flood Stage 16 ft Above Flood Stage 10/18 Crest 18.25 ft

Petite Saline Creek Boonville, MO

Flood Stage 16 ft Above Flood Stage 10/18 Crest 17.8 ft Jackson County Lees Summit 17 1333CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G60) 1337CST Thunderstorm winds knocked over 6 inch diameter tree limbs in downtown Lee's Summit. Lee's Summit Fire Department reported a 9 inch tree trunk and a fence blown down. Johnson County Latour 17 1413CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G60) Thunderstorm winds downed several trees and power lines near Latour. One of the power lines fell on top of trailer. MOZ029 Clay 31 0000CST 0 0 Flood 2359CST Heavy rain on October 31 resulted in minor river flodding along the Little Platte River in Smithville, MO.

Little Platte River Smithville, MO

Flood Stage 24 ft Above Flood Stage 10/31 Crest 24.67 ft

4640 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm MISSOURI, Southeast Bollinger County Marble Hill 05 1930CST 0 0 5K Thunderstorm Wind (G96) 1935CST A very intense microburst struck the Marble Hill area. Damage began on the southwest edge of Marble Hill and continued northeas t across Crooked Creek. Damage was concentrated primarily on the northeast bank of Crooked Creek along a narrow corridor of trees parallelling the creek. One home was slightly damaged, and one outbuilding was demolished. The path length was less than a mile. The average wind speed in the microburst area was in the 70 to 90 MPH range. Based on National Weather Service damage surveys , a gust around 110 MPH occurred over a very small area of most concentrated damage along Crooked Creek. Nearly 100 percent of the trees in this forested area were snapped or uprooted. The strongest winds occurred outside the city, so dollar damage amounts were relatively low.

New Madrid County Howardville to 05 2200CST 0 0 5K Flash Flood New Madrid 06 0008CST Mississippi County South Portion 05 2215CST 0 0 3K Flash Flood 06 0030CST An area of thunderstorms with very heavy rain dumped over 2 inches in a 3 to 4 hour time period. Numerous yards and streets in low-lying areas were inundated by heavy rains in the New Madrid area. Water was over U.S. Highway 61 near Howardville. MISSOURI, Southwest Vernon County Horton 04 0755CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Barton County Lamar 04 0830CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Vernon County Countywide 04 0845CST 0 0 Flash Flood 1300CST Barton County Countywide 04 1000CST 0 0 Flash Flood 1130CST St. Clair County Northwest Portion 04 1120CST 0 0 50K Flash Flood 1500CST An estimated 5 to 6 inches of rain fell in 3 hour period flooding a large portion of Appleton City including the hospital. Damage was confined to lower areas of homes and businesses. Minor flooding of highways was reported in Barton and Vernon Counties. St. Clair County Appleton City 04 1050CST 0 0 Hail (0.88) Vernon County Countywide 04 2200CST 0 0 Flood 06 0000CST Barton County Countywide 04 2215CST 0 0 Flood 06 0000CST Cedar County Countywide 05 0000CST 0 0 Flood 06 0800CST Hickory County Countywide 05 0000CST 0 0 Flood 06 0400CST Jasper County Countywide 05 0100CST 0 0 Flood 1800CST Newton County Countywide 05 0145CST 0 0 Flood 06 0000CST

4741 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm MISSOURI, Southwest St. Clair County Countywide 05 0300CST 0 0 Flood 06 0000CST Benton County Countywide 05 0400CST 0 0 Flood 06 0000CST Camden County Countywide 05 0400CST 0 0 Flood 1200CST Lawrence County Countywide 05 0400CST 0 0 Flood 1800CST Morgan County Countywide 05 0400CST 0 0 Flood 06 0400CST Mcdonald County Countywide 05 0600CST 0 0 Flood 1200CST Dade County Countywide 05 1200CST 0 0 450K Flood 06 0000CST Greene County Countywide 05 1600CST 0 0 Flood 2000CST Dallas County Countywide 05 1800CST 0 0 Flood 06 0400CST Wright County Countywide 05 1800CST 0 0 Flood 06 0400CST Polk County Countywide 05 2250CST 0 0 450K Flood 06 0000CST Douglas County Countywide 06 0400CST 0 0 Flood 0800CST Howell County Countywide 06 0400CST 0 0 Flood 0800CST Oregon County Countywide 06 0400CST 0 0 Flood 0800CST Shannon County Countywide 06 0400CST 0 0 Flood 0800CST Texas County Countywide 06 0400CST 0 0 Flood 0800CST Rain and embedded thunderstorms dumped a large area of 4 to 10 inches of rain producing widespread flooding. Most of the flooding was confined to low areas along creeks and highways. The hardest hit areas were in southeast Kansas and west central and central Missouri. Numerous highways were closed due to high water.

Barton County - 10 persons were evacuated in southern Lamar 10/5 as Muddy creek rose rapidly.

Miller County - Floods washed temporary repairs made to roads from severe flooding in July.

West Central and Central Missouri - There were numerous school closings across the area to due to flooded roadways. There was

4842 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm MISSOURI, Southwest flood damage, mainly to roadways, across the area. Lawrence County 4 E Mt Vernon 05 0655CST 0 0 10K Thunderstorm Wind Thunderstorm winds produced a small area of uprooted trees, destroyed outbuildings, and ripped a portion of a roof and some siding off of a home. Vernon County Nevada 17 1430CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G52) Thunderstorm winds knocked down tree limbs. St. Clair County Countywide 17 1630CST 0 0 Flash Flood 2030CST Vernon County Countywide 17 1715CST 0 0 Flash Flood 2030CST Thunderstorms produced localized flooding of low areas and low water crossings. MONTANA, Central MTZ015 Gallatin / Madison 16 0700MST 0 0 10K Heavy Snow LOCALLY 6 TO 10 INCHES JUST SOUTH OF BOZEMAN...SNAPPING POWER LINES MONTANA, East

NONE REPORTED. MONTANA, South Yellowstone County Billings 02 1600MST 0 0 Urban/Sml Stream Fld 1800MST Localized street flooding was reported in downtown Billings between 30th and 27th streets on Montana Avenue and between 1st and 2nd streets on 27th avenue. The flooding did not produce any significant damage. Yellowstone County Billings 02 1700MST 0 1 10K Lightning Lightning nearly struck a man East of Billings and knocked out power for several minutes in Billings Heights and in the South side o f Billings. Yellowstone County Billings 08 1705MST 0 0 Dry Microburst Wind gusts to 60 mph were reported by the ASOS at the Billings airport. Yellowstone County Shepherd 08 1710MST 0 0 Lightning Lightning sparked a fire which burned 3000 big round bales of hay on the Vermilion Ranch. MONTANA, West

NOT RECEIVED. NEBRASKA, Central Frontier County 7 SSE Eustis 04 1230CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Custer County 3 WSW Berwyn 04 1325CST 0 0 Hail (0.88) Cherry County 7 S Valentine 15 0855CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Hooker County 12 S Mullen 16 1130MST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Hayes County 6 S Hayes Center 16 1315CST 0 0 Hail (0.75)

4943 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm NEBRASKA, Central Lincoln County 9 SW Wellfleet 16 1345CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Lincoln County North Platte 16 1415CST 0 0 Hail (0.88) Lincoln County North Platte 16 1417CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Logan County 9 SE Stapleton 16 1445CST 0 0 Hail (1.25) Frontier County 8 ESE Stockville 16 1530CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Frontier County Eustis 16 1555CST 0 0 Hail (1.00) Custer County 10 ESE Oconto 16 1703CST 0 0 Hail (0.88) Frontier County 2 NNE Stockville 16 1740CST 0 0 Hail (1.00) Frontier County Eustis 16 1830CST 0 0 Hail (1.00) Custer County 5 NNE Oconto 16 1835CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Holt County 14 W Chambers 28 1635CST 0 0 Funnel Cloud Two brief funnel clouds were reported by the public. Holt County 20 S Atkinson to 28 1640CST 5 75 0 0 20K Tornado (F1) 15 S Atkinson 1650CST Tornado touched down 20 miles south of Atkinson 1 mile west of Highway 11. The tornado damaged two ranches 18 miles south o f Atkinson taking a roof off of a barn, damaging several farm buildings, and destroying numerous trees. The tornado was on the ground for most of its 5 mile path. Holt County 12 SW Atkinson 28 1645CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Holt County 17 S Atkinson 28 1645CST 0 0 Hail (1.00) Holt County 14 S Atkinson to 28 1715CST 8 50 0 0 Tornado (F0) 6 S Atkinson 1730CST Spotters tracked an F0 tornado that was on the ground intermittently from 14 miles south of Atkinson and just east of Highway 11 t o 6 miles south of Atkinson. The tornado was over open country and no damage was observed. Holt County 2 NW Atkinson 28 1725CST 0.1 25 0 0 Tornado (F0) Spotters reported a brief tornado touchdown near the airport as it crossed Highway 20. Holt County 5 ENE Atkinson 28 1730CST 0.2 25 0 0 10K Tornado (F0) Tornado touched down briefly destroying a small calf shed. Wheeler County 12 NE Bartlett to 28 1740CST 1 50 0 0 25K Tornado (F0) 13 NE Bartlett 1742CST A tornado was on the ground for approximately 1 mile doing minor damage to two center pivot irrigation systems. Holt County Atkinson to 28 1750CST 2 100 0 0 50K Tornado (F2) 2 N Atkinson 1755CST

5044 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm NEBRASKA, Central Tornado touched down on the northeast edge of Atkinson and remained on the ground for nearly 1 mile. The tornado destroyed a pole barn. It also carried a metal shed 100 yards and damaged trees and feed bunks. The tornado touched down two more times, once 1 mile north of Atkinson, just east of Highway 11, and again 2 miles north of Atkinson, just west of Highway 11, doing minor tree damage. Holt County 3 SSW Emmet to 28 1750CST 3 25 0 0 Tornado (F0) 2 W Emmet 1757CST Two brief touchdowns were associated with this tornado, one 3 miles south southwest of Emmet and on 2 miles west of Emmet. Holt County 5 SW Page 28 1840CST 0.1 25 0 0 Tornado (F0) A spotter reported a brief touch down. Boyd County Bristow 28 1940CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) NEBRASKA, East Platte County Columbus 04 0700CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Wayne County 2 NE Wayne 04 0730CST 0 0 14K Lightning Lightning strike caused a fire which destroyed a hog barn and killed 50 pigs. Douglas County Elkhorn 04 1010CST 0 0 Hail (1.25) Dodge County Uehling 04 1014CST 0 0 Hail (1.75) Douglas County 3 WSW Bennington 04 1025CST 0 0 Hail (1.00) Douglas County 3 W Elkhorn 04 1130CST 0 0 Hail (1.00) Otoe County Douglas 04 1130CST 0 0 Hail (1.00) Seward County Staplehurst 04 1357CST 0 0 Hail (1.75) Boone County Loretto 04 1410CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Butler County David City 04 1414CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Jefferson County Daykin 04 1610CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) NEBRASKA, Extreme Northeast

NONE REPORTED. NEBRASKA, Extreme Southwest Hitchcock County 4 SSE Palisade 16 1410CST 0 0 Hail (1.00) Hitchcock County Culbertson 16 1510CST 0 0 Hail (1.00) Hail piled up a few inches deep near town. Red Willow County 6 SSE Mc Cook 16 1600CST 0 0 Hail (1.00) NEBRASKA, South Central Dawson County Lexington 04 1252CST 0 0 25K 100K Hail (1.00)

5145 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm NEBRASKA, South Central Hamilton County 3 E Aurora 04 1520CST 0 0 30K 250K Thunderstorm Wind (G61) Furnas County 4 S Wilsonville 16 1600CST 0 0 0 0 Hail (0.75) Furnas County 3 W Beaver City 16 1620CST 0 0 0 0 Hail (0.75) Furnas County Edison 16 1645CST 0 0 0 0 Hail (0.75) Dawson County Eddyville 16 1650CST 0 0 0 0 Hail (0.75) Dawson County 4.5 W Sumner to 16 1655CST 3.5 50 0 0 100K 300K Tornado (F0) 3 SE Eddyville 1702CST Phelps County 4 SW Loomis to 16 1712CST 18 500 0 0 400K 1M Tornado (F2) 8.5 NE Westmark 1748CST Buffalo County 4 SW Elm Creek to 16 1748CST 6 40 0 0 80K 500K Tornado (F1) 2.5 NW Elm Creek 1800CST Dawson County 7.5 SE Overton to 16 1755CST 0 0 0 100K Thunderstorm Wind (G60) 3.5 SE Overton An unusual October severe weather outbreak spawned a tornado which tore across parts of Phelps and western Buffalo counties. The tornado set down a few miles southwest of Loomis and rapidly moved northeast. Along its path in Phelps county, grain bins were damaged, power poles snapped and a roof was torn from a large storage building. One farmstead northeast of Loomis sustained major damage. The roof was ripped from the house and two walls were moved from the foundation. A pole barn was destroyed. Both the house and barn were a total loss.

Once the storm crossed the Platte River, the tornado hit a trailer house just west of Elm Creek and deposited the shattered remains about 200 feet north of its original location. The tornado continued to move north and shortly dissipated.

Another tornado formed from a different storm in northern Dawson county. This tornado passed through a farmstead causing tree damage, blew over grain bins, and damaged other buildings. The house sustained only minor damage. NEBRASKA, West

NONE REPORTED. NEVADA, North

NONE REPORTED. NEVADA, South

NONE REPORTED. NEVADA, West

NONE REPORTED. NEW HAMPSHIRE, North and Central

NOT RECEIVED.

5246 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm NEW HAMPSHIRE, Southern NHZ011>012 Cheshire - Hillsborough 01 1200EST 0 0 100K Strong Winds 1700EST Strong west to northwest winds gusting to 40 to 50 mph in the wake of a strong cold front caused scattered power outages and scattered wind damage across Cheshire and Hillsborough Counties. In Marlboro and Winchester, in Cheshire County, trees and tree limbs were reported downed, resulting in scattered power outages. In Hillsborough County, many tree limbs and some trees were reported blown down in Nashua and Manchester. At least 3 cars were damaged by falling trees in Nashua. NEW JERSEY, Northeast

NONE REPORTED. NEW JERSEY, South and Northwest Hunterdon County Countywide 08 0400EST 0 0 Heavy Rain 1900EST Sussex County Countywide 08 0400EST 0 0 Heavy Rain 1900EST Warren County Countywide 08 0400EST 0 0 Heavy Rain 1900EST Mercer County Countywide 08 0600EST 0 0 Heavy Rain 2000EST Morris County Countywide 08 0600EST 0 0 Heavy Rain 2000EST Middlesex County Countywide 08 0700EST 0 0 Heavy Rain 2100EST Somerset County Countywide 08 0700EST 0 0 Heavy Rain 2000EST Atlantic County Countywide 08 1200EST 0 0 Heavy Rain 09 0000EST Cape May County Countywide 08 1200EST 0 0 Heavy Rain 09 0000EST Ocean County Countywide 08 1200EST 0 0 Heavy Rain 09 0000EST A slow moving cold front with a series of low pressure systems moving north along it produced heavy rain on the 8th across much of northern New Jersey as well as coastal areas of southern New Jersey. Storm totals included 3.51 inches in Stewartsville (Warren County), 3.27 inches in Pottersville (Somerset County), 2.90 inches in Columbia and Hackettstown (Warren County), 2.67 inches in Long Valley (Morris County), 2.50 inches in Clinton (Hunterdon County), 2.49 inches in Reigelsville (Hunterdon County) and Marcella (Morris County), 2.37 inches in Belvidere (Warren County), 2.31 inches in Beach Haven (Ocean County), 2.29 inches in Egg Harbor Township (Atlantic County), 2.22 inches in Boonton (Morris County), 2.08 inches in Andover and Sparta (Sussex County), 2.02 inches in Dennis Township (Cape May County), 1.97 inches in Princeton (Mercer County), 1.88 inches in Wantage (Sussex County), 1.82 inches at the Atlantic City International Airport, 1.74 inches in Trenton (Mercer County), 1.64 inches in Sussex (Sussex County), 1.55 inches in Lambertville (Hunterdon County), 1.52 inches in New Brunswick (Middlesex County), 1.49 inches in Margate (Atlantic County) and 1.40 inches in Somerville (Somerset County), Storm totals in southwest New Jersey were around an inch. The heavy rain produced some urban and poor drainage flooding and increased the number of vehicular accidents. Over a dozen accidents were reported along Interstate 80 in Morris County alone. There was no flooding along the larger streams and rivers. The cold front was in Ohio the morning of the 7th, central Pennsylvania the morning of the 8th and reached the New Jersey coastal waters early in the morning on the 9th. While there were periods of rain for a couple of days, the heaviest rain fell during the 8th in the northern half of the state and during the second half of the day along the shore. Most of October's rainfall fell during these three days.

5347 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm NEW JERSEY, South and Northwest NJZ009>010- Hunterdon - Somerset - Middlesex - Western Monmouth - Eastern Monmouth - Mercer - Salem - Gloucester - 31 2359EST 0 0 0 Unseasonably Dry The run of unseasonably dry weather continued across Central and Southern New Jersey. This was the fourth consecutive month of below normal precipitation for most areas. On a county weighted average, monthly precipitation totals were around half an inch below normal. The least precipitation (1.5 inches below normal) fell in Monmouth County. Heavy rain on the 8th of October contributed to the above normal monthly precipitation totals in Northwest New Jersey. NEW MEXICO, Central and North Cibola County Marquez 01 1200MST 0 0 Hail (1.25) Golfball hail reported near Marquez. Sandoval County Jemez Spgs 01 1215MST 0 0 Hail (1.00) Cibola County Cubero 01 1315MST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Sandoval County Rio Rancho 10 1315MST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Torrance County Moriarty 01 1300MST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Bernalillo County Albuquerque 01 1344MST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Pea to dime size hail covering street in downtown Albuquerque. Sandoval County 20 NW San Ysidro 01 1455MST 0 0 Hail (0.88) Nickel size hail fell in the mountain estates northwest of San Ysidro and still covered the ground 3 hours later. Rio Arriba County Dulce 01 1620MST 0 0 Hail (1.00) 1626MST Quarter size hail covered the ground. Curry County Clovis 01 1830MST 0 0 Hail (0.88) 1900MST Curry County Clovis 01 1930MST 0 0 40K Flood 2130MST A strong thunderstorm brought nickel size hail and heavy rain to Clovis. Rain and city construction projects which hampered drainage resulted in widespread street and road flooding with several cars lost to rising water in low intersections. Rio Arriba County Vallecitos 04 0200MST 0 0 20K Thunderstorm Wind 0215MST A fast moving and unusual late night line of thunderstorms produced gusty winds and several small but intense microbursts which ripped the roof off several small cabins near Vallecitos. NMZ010 Sandia/Manzano Mountains 16 1830MST 0 0 High Wind (G62) 2000MST An observer at the Sandia east mountain community of Cedar Grove estimated wind gusts of 71 mph. NMZ009 Middle Rio Grande Valley 21 0300MST 0 0 High Wind (G58) 0500MST A strong downslope east wind developed briefly at the base of the Sandia Mountains causing tree and other landscape damage to homes in the Albuquerque Foothills. De Baca County 15 SSE Ft Sumner 30 1350MST 0 0 Funnel Cloud De Baca County 15 SSE Ft Sumner 30 1350MST 0 0 Hail (2.50) NWS cooperative observer at Canton recorded a funnel cloud following tennis ball hail.

5448 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm NEW MEXICO, Central and North De Baca County 5 NE Dunlap 30 1435MST 0 0 Hail (0.75) De Baca County 9 S Ft Sumner 30 1455MST 0 0 Hail (1.00) De Baca County Yeso 30 1550MST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Curry County Melrose 30 1600MST 0 0 Hail (1.75) Roosevelt County Tolar 30 1600MST 0 0 Hail (1.00) Roosevelt County 12 SE Tolar 30 1602MST 0 0 Funnel Cloud Funnel cloud reported by airforce meteorologist from Melrose Bombing Range. Curry County Melrose 30 1610MST 0 0 100K Hail (2.75) 1615MST Curry County Melrose 30 1615MST 0 0 Funnel Cloud Observer reported funnel cloud following large hail. De Baca County 8 N Ft Sumner 30 1640MST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Curry County 5 W Ranchvale 30 1645MST 0 0 20K Hail (1.25) Curry County 2 S Ranchvale 30 1645MST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G52) Curry County 10 S Broadview 30 1700MST 0 0 Funnel Cloud Curry County 12 NW Clovis to 30 1700MST 0 0 200K Hail (2.75) 12 N Clovis 1708MST Curry County 8 N Clovis 30 1703MST 0.1 50 0 0 Tornado (F0) Several bands of rare mid-fall severe thunderstorms developed across east central New Mexico just south of a stationary cold front that lay from Clovis to Las Vegas. The most intense storms formed during mid-afternoon over southwest De Baca County and moved northeast between Tucumcari and Clovis. One particular menacing storm began in northeast Lincoln County. As this storm reached south central De Baca County it developed an intense and longed lived mesocyclone with classical radar tornado signatures that lasted for nearly three hours as the storm tracked east northeast from De Baca County into northwest Roosevelt County and into Curry County. Low stratus clouds kept skies unusually overcast and prevented active tornado sightings over the vast rangeland where the storm passed. Several funnel clouds and at least one tornado were confirmed. Extreme hail, however, was reported along the track of the storm reflectivity core whenever it passed over populated areas. Heaviest damage from baseball size hail was recorded in a steady stream of broken windows, extensive vehicle and roof damage from Melrose to Ranchvale northeastward. Lincoln County Nogal 30 1510MST 0 0 Hail (0.88) Chaves County 1 S Roswell 30 1545MST 0 0 Hail (0.88) Chaves County 5 SE Roswell 30 1636MST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Chaves County Hagerman 30 1705MST 0 0 Hail (2.75) Several intense thunderstorms developed just east of Dunken in southwest Chaves County and moved rapidly northeast producing nickel to dime size hail from Roswell to Midway. The southern most storm pounded Hagerman with baseball size stones and then continued northeast without losing intensity across the open rangeland of east central Chaves County.

5549 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm NEW MEXICO, Central and North NMZ004 Sangre De Cristo Mountains 31 0600MST 0 0 Heavy Snow 2200MST Heavy snow fell along the eastern Sangre de Cristo Mountains with 6-8 inches reported from Ute Park southward to Chacon. Taos Ski Valley and other high peaks above 10000 feet elevation recorded heavier snow of more than one foot. NEW MEXICO, South Central and Southwest Grant County Redrock to 27 0030MST 0 0 Hail (1.75) Cliff 0115MST A severe thunderstorm racing northward through the county dropped a swath of 0.75 to 1.75 inch hail between Redrock and the Gila/Cliff area. NEW MEXICO, Southeast NMZ027>029 Guadalupe Mountains Of Eddy County - Eddy County Plains - Lea 01 0000MST 0 0 Drought 31 2359MST Drought conditions continued in Southwest Texas and Southeast New Mexico. Agricultural losses will be great but will not be included until the end of the harvest when totals are calculated. October was the wettest month for 1998 across much of the region with most stations reporting more than 1 inch of rain and many reporting over 2 inches. However, the effects of the drought were still being felt across the region. Eddy County 2 W Whites City 27 1430MST 0 0 1K Thunderstorm Wind Thunderstorm winds blew down a sign near the entrance of Carlsbad Caverns National Park. Eddy County Black River 27 1435MST 0 0 1K Thunderstorm Wind Thunderstorm winds damaged fences in and around the Black River Village area. Eddy County 2 N Malaga 27 1450MST 0 0 Hail (2.00) The supercell that hit Whites City and the Black River Village continued on its ENE track into the Loving/Malaga area. Two inch diameter hail fell north of Malaga. Eddy County 25 E Carlsbad 27 1500MST 0 0 Flash Flood 1600MST Very heavy rains from training cells caused minor flooding near the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in extreme eastern Eddy County. Lea County 12 WSW Eunice 27 1608MST 0.5 100 0 0 Tornado (F0) A New Mexico State Police Trooper reported a brief tornado over open country. Lea County Eunice 27 1625MST 0 0 Hail (1.00) The supercell storm that crossed Eddy County moved over rural parts of Lea County before striking Eunice. This storm then crosse d the Texas border into northeastern Andrews County. Lea County 6 E Mc Donald 27 1825MST 0 0 5K Thunderstorm Wind Thunderstorm winds severely damaged two barns in the McDonald and the Prarieview areas. Eddy County Carlsbad 30 1659MST 0 0 Hail (1.00) Lea County Bennett 30 1815MST 0 0 Hail (1.75) Lea County Jal 30 1833MST 0 0 2K Thunderstorm Wind Power lines knocked down. Lea County Jal 30 2000MST 0 0 Hail (1.75) Lea County Jal 30 2000MST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G52)

5650 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm NEW MEXICO, Southeast Lea County Hobbs 30 2210MST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Lea County Nadine 30 2305MST 0 0 Hail (0.75) NEW YORK, Central NYZ009-036>037- Northern Onedia - Madison - Southern Oneida - Cortland - Chenango - Otsego - Tioga - Broome - Delaware - 01 1000EST 0 0 255K High Wind 1500EST

A strong cold front plowed through central New York during the late morning and early afternoon hours on the 1st. A tightening pressure gradient produced by deepening low pressure over southern Ontario and Quebec produced a narrow band of strong gusty winds along and just behind the frontal zone. Sustained winds of 15 to 30 mph with isolated gusts over 50 mph buffeted the region during the midday and early afternoon period. Since central New York had experienced locally heavy rainfall during the previous 24 to 48 hours, the combination of high winds and water loading brought down trees and power lines over many sections. Most of the tree damage was concentrated over the higher terrain from Oneida county southward into the western Catskills. New York State Electric and Gas Company estimated that ten to twenty thousand customers had their electrical service interrupted for at least a short time that afternoon. By late afternoon, winds began to subside as low pressure moved further away from the area. NEW YORK, Coastal NYZ067 Orange 01 1005EST 1 0 Wind As a strong cold front moved across the area, northwest winds gusted from 40 to 50 mph. These winds downed a tree that fell on a moving car along Route 207 near New Windsor. As a result, a 57 year old man died. M57VE NEW YORK, East Washington County Salem 01 0700EST 0 0 1K Thunderstorm Wind An isolated severe thunderstorm developed along a strong cold front as it crossed into eastern New York State during the early morning hours. The wind from the storm downed tree limbs in the vicinity of Salem. NYZ039>041- Fulton - Montgomery - Northern Saratoga - Western Schenectady - Eastern Schenectady - Southern Saratoga 01 1000EST 0 0 154K High Wind 1800EST The passage of a cold front and developing wave of low pressure in eastern Canada produced a strong pressure gradient across eastern New York on the afternoon of the first. Wind gusts to 60 miles an hour downed large limbs and even whole trees as well as powerlines across the area. 15,000 to 20,000 customers were without power in the Greater Capital District. Power disruptions led to an early dismissal of the Schenectady High School. 10,000 more customers were without power in the Mid Hudson valley. A large downed tree crushed the roof of a home in Rhinebeck and damaged a nearby car. Dutchess County Northeast Center 11 1130EST 0 3 5K Heavy Rain 1610EST A low pressure area, moving slowly north along the mid Atlantic coast, produced a period of steady to heavy rain across eastern New York. Since there had been an extended dry period prior to the rain, oil built up on many road surfaces. The combination of oil buildup, as well as falling leaves, produced very slick road surfaces leading to numerous vehicle accidents across northern Dutchess County. While most of the vehicular accidents were minor, one in Clintondale resulted in several people being injured. Fulton County Mayfield 14 1315EST 0 1 Lightning Albany County Delmar 14 1330EST 0 0 2K Lightning Cold air aloft produced an unstable atmosphere resulting in isolated thunderstorms during the mid afternoon across eastern New York. A thunderstorm over Mayfield in Fulton County produced a lightning bolt that went through a telephone line and caused injury to a woman. Another lightning strike from a thunderstorm caused extensive damage to the radio system and temporary loss of emergency services to the Delmar Police Department at Town Hall. NEW YORK, North

NONE REPORTED.

5751 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm NEW YORK, West

NONE REPORTED. NORTH CAROLINA, Central

NONE REPORTED. NORTH CAROLINA, Central Coastal Dare County 2 E Nags Head 12 1015EST 0 0 Waterspout 1130EST Dare county emergency management reported several waterspouts 1 to 2 miles off Nags Head. Dare County 1 E Kitty Hawk 22 0950EST 0 0 Waterspout Several waterspouts were sighted east of Avalon Pier. NORTH CAROLINA, Extreme Southwest

NONE REPORTED. NORTH CAROLINA, North Coastal

NONE REPORTED. NORTH CAROLINA, Northwest and North Central NCZ018 Watauga 06 1500EST 0 0 2.5K Fog A school bus and a car collided 1 mile east of Blowing Rock in very dense fog. Indirectly due to the fog, one student, the bus driver, and the driver of the car sustained minor injuries. Wilkes County 1.5 SE Mulberry 08 0315EST 0 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind 0320EST Wilkes County Traphill 08 0345EST 0 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind 0350EST Thunderstorm winds during the predawn hours of the 8th toppled trees 1.5 miles southeast of Mulberry and in Traphill. NCZ001>006- Ashe - Alleghany - Surry - Stokes - Rockingham - Caswell - Watauga - Wilkes - Yadkin 10 0000EST 0 0 2.6M Drought 31 2359EST Dry conditions started in July, subsided in August, started again in September, and continued through October. In most areas, crops were damaged or destroyed before a killing frost occurred. Water levels in creeks, streams, rivers, and lakes were fairly low. Water levels in some shallow wells were low. NORTH CAROLINA, South Coastal

NONE REPORTED. NORTH CAROLINA, Southwest NCZ033>037- Avery - Caldwell - Alexander - Iredell - Davie - Madison - Yancey - Mitchell - Swain - Haywood - Buncombe - 01 0000EST 0 0 Drought 31 2359EST The drought which began during the summer continued through October. The only significant rainfall during the month occurred on the 7-8th. Cities and counties began to restrict water usage and streamflows for several mountain locations were reduced to the lowest seen in 50 years.

5852 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm NORTH DAKOTA, Central and West

NONE REPORTED. NORTH DAKOTA, East

NONE REPORTED. OHIO, East

NONE REPORTED. OHIO, North

NONE REPORTED. OHIO, Northwest

NONE REPORTED. OHIO, Southeast

NONE REPORTED. OHIO, Southwest

NONE REPORTED. OKLAHOMA, Eastern Osage County Northwest Portion 02 0345CST 0 0 Flash Flood 0545CST A road was closed by high water 3 miles west of Shidler. The NWS Cooperative Observer at Foraker measured 5.40 inches of rain in the 24 hours ending at 700 AM CDT. Mcintosh County 7 W Checotah 02 2027CST 0 0 Hail (0.88) Location: OK Hwy 150 and I-40 Early on the morning of the 2nd, a band of thunderstorms developed over central Oklahoma and moved as far as northwest Osage County before turning up stationary. Flash flooding commenced, and radar indicated 5 to 7 inches of rain over northwest Osage County.

By the evening of the 2nd, the northward movement of warm air at the surface and the approach of an upper level disturbance kicked off scattered thunderstorms. One thunderstorm became severe as it moved across northern McIntosh County, producing hail as large as nickels. OKZ058 Ottawa 03 0900CST 0 0 Flood 10 0500CST The Neosho River at Commerce rose above its flood stage of 15 feet and reached a flood crest of 21.8 feet at 11 AM CDT on October 7. Osage County 2 E Bowring 04 0640CST 0 0 0.10K Thunderstorm Wind Large tree limbs were blown down Washington County Bartlesville Arpt 04 0704CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G60) A gust to 67 mph was measured by the observer at the Bartlesville Airport (BVO) at 804 AM CDT. The winds were accompanied by half-inch diameter hail from 802 to 812 AM CDT.

5953 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm OKLAHOMA, Eastern A strong warm front in its developing stages lifting northward early on the morning of Sunday, October 4, and the initial approach of an upper level system kicked off a cluster of thunderstorms north of Tulsa. Two of these thunderstorms became severe, producing strong thunderstorm winds and hail that remained under the size of dimes. The cluster of thunderstorms moved north into Kansas by 900 AM CDT. Pawnee County Pawnee 04 1838CST 0.4 125 0 0 800K Tornado (F1) 1839CST A tornado briefly touched down in the southwest part of the city of Pawnee at 738 PM CDT near 6th Street and Ash. The tornado travelled northeast for 0.4 miles and had a width of 125 yards. Many trees were downed or snapped along the path with about fifty homes receiving minor roof, window, and porch damage. One mobile home was destroyed. Widespread wind damage also occurred in Pawnee due to strong winds in the vicinity of the tornado known as a "rear flank downdraft". The roof at the high school auditorium was blown off by the nearby winds. Damage from the tornado and the winds combined were nearly $2 million. (Th e official damage estimate in this entry does not include damages caused by the nearby winds.)

Most of the tornado damage was F0. However, the tornado was rated F1 based on an estimate of the most intense winds reachin g speeds near 85 mph. The tornado lifted before reaching US Hwy 64. However, an isolated home downstream of the tornado pat h and 2 miles from downtown Pawnee received F1 damage. The Pawnee mesonet site, located 3 miles ENE of Pawnee and 0.4 mile s north of the house, measured wind gusts as high as 80 mph. (See the separate Thunderstorm Wind entry for more information on th e mesonet observations.) The open prairie, the associated lack of tracers (wind-blown objects) near the mesonet site, and the isolated nature of the home make it impossible to determine if tornadic damage occurred at/near these locations. However, the tornado damage in Pawnee, the F1 damaged home, and the mesonet site are all aligned along the storm's motion. Pawnee County Pawnee 04 1839CST 0 0 1.1M Thunderstorm Wind Strong winds (known as a rear flank downdraft) associated with a nearby F1 tornado blew the roof off of the high school auditorium, causing over $1 million in damage to the high school. Debris was scattered throughout the high school campus. An adjacent metal-style bus garage was also damaged. Many trees and power lines were downed or snapped by the winds throughout Pawnee. Specifically, several big oak trees were blown down at the Pawnee Agency, including one blown onto the pre-school. Near the Pawnee Municipal Hospital, large trees along Boulder Street were blown down, one falling onto a mobile unit. Tree damage was als o reported in the Lusk Addition. A trailer home just northwest of Pawnee was scattered about by the storm, and a nearby cattle trailer was overturned. Damage from the wind and the tornado combined are nearly $2 million. For more information on the nearby tornado, see the separate preceding Tornado entry.

Pawnee County 3 ENE Pawnee 04 1840CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G70) 1900CST With the passage of a thunderstorm containing a possible tornado just 0.4 miles south, the Pawnee mesonet site measured wind gusts in excess of 50 kts (57 mph) for over 20 minutes. The clockwise veering of such strong winds on this time scale clearly shows th e passage of a supercell thunderstorm (rotating thunderstorm). Specific reports follow:

- 740 PM CDT: 67 mph gust from the east - 745 PM CDT: 79 mph gust from the south - 750 PM CDT: 78 mph gust from the west - 755 PM CDT: 60 mph gust from the northwest - 800 PM CDT: 80 mph gust from the north Pawnee County Cleveland 04 1904CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G52) Osage County Osage 04 1905CST 0 0 Hail (1.00) Osage County Osage 04 1905CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G52) Pawnee County Hallett 04 1939CST 0 0 Hail (1.75) Location: intersection of US Hwy 412 and OK Hwy 99 Pawnee County Hallett 04 1939CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G52) Creek County 3 N Oilton 04 1940CST 0 0 Hail (1.75) Location: intersection of OK Hwy 99 and 51

6054 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm OKLAHOMA, Eastern Osage County Hominy 04 1944CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G70) Winds of 60 to 80 mph reported in Hominy. Pawnee County 8 E Hallett 04 1946CST 0 0 Hail (1.75) Osage County 6 E Osage 04 1947CST 0 0 Hail (1.75) Osage County 1 SSW Barnsdall to 04 1956CST 1 75 0 0 45K Tornado (F0) 1 SSE Barnsdall 1957CST An F0 tornado skipped across southern Osage County just south of Barnsdall. Four homes received minor damage. However, three barns were completely destroyed, two outbuildings were destroyed, and numerous trees had 12-inch tree limbs knocked out of them. Osage County 5 NE Barnsdall 04 2010CST 0 2 50K Thunderstorm Wind Two mobile homes were destroyed, and one home was damaged. Two people were injured in this incident. The location was 2 miles west of Ochelata just inside Osage County. The Washington County Emergency Management Director reported that the damage pattern was 300 to 400 yards in length. Nowata County 3 S Nowata 04 2015CST 0 0 3K Thunderstorm Wind A home sustained roof damage. Nowata County Nowata 04 2015CST 0 0 1.5K Thunderstorm Wind Several trees and a power line were blown down in Nowata. Washington County Ochelata 04 2015CST 0 0 0.30K Thunderstorm Wind Large tree limbs were blown down in Ochelata Rogers County Oologah 04 2020CST 0 0 10K Thunderstorm Wind An abandoned mobile home was flipped over. Note: The mobile home was not tied down. Tulsa County 6 W Collinsville 04 2020CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G52) Location: Intersection of OK Hwy 20 and US Hwy 75. Osage County 2 NW Osage 04 2023CST 0 0 Hail (1.00) Pawnee County 7 ENE Terlton 04 2040CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G52) Location: in the community of Westport Nowata County 2 NE Watova to 04 2105CST 8 50 0 0 50K Tornado (F0) 10 ESE Nowata 2116CST An F0 tornado touched down just northeast of Watova around 1005 PM CDT, destroying a barn on Section Road 27. The tornad o continued east, destroying the old one-room Terrell School Building near Section Roads 27 and 415. A mobile home at Section Roads 26 and 416 lost most of its roof. Portions of the roof were wrapped around trees over one hundred yards southeast of the home. From there, the tornado most likely crossed Lake Oologah and continued to an area 3 miles north of New Alluwe by 1015 PM CDT, where the tornado destroyed a shed, damaged a house, damaged a barn, and knocked down several trees. The tornado wa s actually seen by a trained spotter 3 miles north of New Alluwe. Osage County 4 SE Pearsonia 04 2115CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G52) Washington County 1 S Vera 04 2117CST 0 0 Funnel Cloud Spotters reported a funnel cloud. The parent storm later went on to produce an F0 tornado northwest of Collinsville. Tulsa County 3 NW Collinsville 04 2119CST 0.5 50 0 0 Tornado (F0) Several spotters reported a brief tornado touchdown in a rural area.

6155 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm OKLAHOMA, Eastern Nowata County 11 SE Nowata 04 2120CST 0 0 4K Thunderstorm Wind Five to six power lines were blown down near New Alluwe Tulsa County 1 E Collinsville 04 2124CST 0 0 Funnel Cloud Location: near the intersection of US Hwy 169 and OK Hwy 20 Craig County Centralia 04 2130CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G52) Okfuskee County 2 SE Boley to 04 2137CST 25 1408 0 4 500K Tornado (F2) 2 NE Okfuskee 2204CST A significant long-track tornado occurred on the evening of October 4, following a 27-mile track from 2 miles southeast of Boley in Okfuskee County to 3 miles southwest of Nuyaka in Okmulgee County. The tornado first touched down in Okfuskee County at 1037 PM CDT and lifted over Okmulgee County at 1108 PM CDT. (This Tornado entry covers that part of the track in Okfuskee County. See the separate Tornado entry for details on the portion in Okmulgee County.) The most significant damage to structures occurred near the communities of IXL and Haydenville, while much of the damage in the rural areas across which the tornado tracke d consisted of downed/uprooted trees.

In the small community of IXL, located on OK Hwy 48 north of Okemah, nearly every structure sustained at least some damage. An NWS Storm Survey revealed F2 damage at IXL, where a house and two mobile homes were destroyed. Pieces of one mobile home were found one-half mile away. A local newspaper also reported four businesses and a public building at the IXL Park were destroyed. Six houses and two more mobile homes sustained major damage, while another 21 houses and one mobile home sustained minor damage.

In Haydenville, located north of Okemah on OK Hwy 56, two single-family houses and a mobile home were destroyed. Three houses, three mobile homes, and one public building (the Haydenville Fire Station) sustained major damage. Five houses and one business (the Haydenville Store) sustained minor damage. An NWS Storm Survey revealed F2 damage just southwest o f Haydenville, where a mobile home was completely destroyed. Four people inside the trailer were injured, one of them critically. Th e tie-downs on the double-wide trailer were snapped, and the home appeared to have travelled a significant distance before disintegrating.

This tornado was unusual for the fact that it covered such a large area. A survey showed that the damage path was at times 3 miles wide, lending credence to the idea that there were several smaller tornadoes circulating around the larger tornado. The larger tornad o reached as wide as 8/10 of a mile.

Okfuskee County 5 S Welty 04 2140CST 0 0 50K Thunderstorm Wind Much wind damage occurred, specifically trees were uprooted, a mobile home was destroyed, a cinder block building was destroyed, a garage was destroyed, and there was roof damage to a building. Creek County Slick 04 2200CST 0 0 0.10K Thunderstorm Wind Several large tree limbs were blown down Washington County 1 S Vera 04 2200CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G52) Okmulgee County 5 SW Nuyaka to 04 2204CST 2 1408 0 0 5K Tornado (F2) 3 SW Nuyaka 2208CST This tornado track is the continuation of the same tornado that tracked through Okfuskee County earlier in the evening, producing F 2 damage. In Okmulgee County, the tornado only produced F0 damage in the form of numerous trees downed/uprooted along its path. When all was said and done, this tornado tracked 27 miles from 2_SE Boley to 3_SW Nuyaka, and it injured four people in Okfuskee County. Okmulgee County Nuyaka 04 2210CST 0 0 28K Thunderstorm Wind The school in Nuyaka had some roof damage where the metal was torn off and twisted. Sheet metal from barns and sheds lay on the ground. A church had its steeple blown away. A trailer had sheet metal peeled up on it, and the barn that stood in front of it was demolished. The Nuyaka Store lost its sign to the wind.

6256 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm OKLAHOMA, Eastern Okmulgee County 2 E Nuyaka to 04 2217CST 1 100 0 0 5K Tornado (F1) 3 ENE Nuyaka 2218CST A seasoned storm chaser on an aerial survey of the area reported a one-mile damage track through a forested area in the Okmulgee Wildlife Management Area just east of Nuyaka. The degree of tree damage suggested the tornado was F1 intensity. Damage in this unpopulated area consisted of numerous trees blown over. Okmulgee County Preston 04 2221CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Okmulgee County Preston 04 2229CST 0 0 Hail (1.75) Okmulgee County Hector 04 2241CST 0 0 Hail (1.75) Okmulgee County Okmulgee 04 2243CST 0 0 600K Hail (2.25) 2247CST Very large golfball to baseball-sized hail caused extensive damage throughout the city of Okmulgee. The combination of very large hail and strong thunderstorm winds knocked out numerous windows. Several hundred homes and business sustained roof damage . The Okmulgee Times daily newspaper quoted the police chief as saying that the hailstorm "knocked out about half the windows in town." Windows were knocked out of many cars in the Wal-Mart parking lot, and many city vehicles had their windows knocked out. Two buildings at OSU-Okmulgee were extensively damaged. Other buildings on the campus had broken windows, while the campus greenhouse was nearly destroyed by the large hail and wind.

The Okmulgee School District alone had about $300,000 in damage. The middle school suffered extensive roof damage and damage to the floor. The Board building suffered extensive glass breakage and roof damage. Fifteen buses received damage, and the stee l roof at Eastside was damaged. Westside and Banneker each sustained roof damage, and the high school had minor roof damage to its new building. Craig County White Oak 04 2245CST 0 0 0.50K Thunderstorm Wind A roof was blown off of an outbuilding. Okmulgee County Okmulgee 04 2245CST 0 0 20K Thunderstorm Wind Strong winds blew a power line onto a trash truck, trapping a city worker. The worker was not injured. When the strong winds were combined with baseball-sized hail, there was extensive damage throughout the city of Okmulgee. See the separate preceding Hail entry for more details. Creek County 5 SW Depew 04 2310CST 0 0 Hail (0.88) Mcintosh County 8 NW Checotah 04 2310CST 0 0 0.50K Thunderstorm Wind Several trees were blown across OK Hwy 72 on the Muskogee/McIntosh County line one mile south of Council Hill. Muskogee County 1 S Council Hill 04 2310CST 0 0 0.50K Thunderstorm Wind Several trees were blown across OK Hwy 72 on the Muskogee/McIntosh County line. Tulsa County 3 E Bixby 04 2310CST 0 0 Hail (0.88) Muskogee County 3 N Muskogee 04 2327CST 0 0 Funnel Cloud Location: along US Hwy 69 at the Arkansas River Wagoner County 3 S Tullahassee 04 2327CST 0 0 Funnel Cloud Location: along US Hwy 69 at the Arkansas River Wagoner County 1 SE Tullahassee 04 2327CST 0.8 50 0 0 5K Tornado (F0) The same parent thunderstorm that produced a 27-mile tornado track through Okfuskee and Okmulgee Counties produced another more short-lived tornado just southeast of Tullahassee. The tornado itself produced a swath of damage through a forested area an d caused roof damage to one house. The parent thunderstorm also produced winds that knocked down trees in Tullahassee aroun d 1230 AM CDT.

6357 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm OKLAHOMA, Eastern Wagoner County Tullahassee 04 2330CST 0 0 0.80K Thunderstorm Wind Trees were uprooted and a skylight was broken. Muskogee County 1 NE Muskogee 04 2348CST 0 0 1K Thunderstorm Wind Quite a few trees were blown down at OK Hwy 16 and US Hwy 62. There was apparently a 100-foot wide swath of damage. These winds were produced by the same thunderstorm that produced a tornado near Tullahassee. Cherokee County Hulbert 04 2350CST 0 0 0.50K Thunderstorm Wind Several trees were blown down. Okmulgee County Morris 05 0000CST 0 0 Hail (0.88) Okmulgee County Morris 05 0000CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G52) Cherokee County 10 N Tahlequah 05 0015CST 0 0 10K Thunderstorm Wind A barn was blown away. Creek County Depew 05 0020CST 0 0 0.10K Thunderstorm Wind Several large tree limbs were blown down. Muskogee County Haskell 05 0020CST 0 0 Hail (0.88) Adair County Christie 05 0030CST 0 0 0.10K Thunderstorm Wind (G52) Large tree limbs were blown down. Delaware County Oaks 05 0030CST 0 0 4K Hail (1.00) Quarter-sized hail caused damage to several cars in Oaks. Ottawa County Commerce 05 0030CST 0 0 0.10K Thunderstorm Wind Several large tree limbs were blown onto a road. Wagoner County 2 S Porter 05 0030CST 0 0 Hail (1.00) Craig County Welch 05 0045CST 0 0 0.10K Thunderstorm Wind Large tree limbs were blown down. Mayes County Pryor 05 0055CST 0 0 40K Lightning Lightning hit a bank building in Pryor, leaving a hole the size of a softball in it outside wall. The force of the lightning strike sen t bricks flying, one of which sailed through the bank's sign. Most of the computer terminals at the bank were lost. Cherokee County Tahlequah 05 0110CST 0 0 0.10K Thunderstorm Wind A large tree was blown down. Delaware County Colcord 05 0115CST 0 0 2K Thunderstorm Wind The roof was partially blown off of a mobile home. Delaware County Kansas 05 0130CST 0 0 1K Thunderstorm Wind Several trees were uprooted, and large tree limbs blocked a roadway. Delaware County 1 S Kansas 05 0130CST 0 0 5K Thunderstorm Wind The roof was blown off of a storage building at a lumber yard. Creek County Depew 05 0200CST 0 0 1K Thunderstorm Wind

6458 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm OKLAHOMA, Eastern Wind blew away part of a condemned building. Delaware County 5 W Leach 05 0245CST 0 0 0.50K Thunderstorm Wind Power lines were blown down along the Mayes/Delaware County line. Delaware County Kansas 05 0255CST 0 0 0.50K Thunderstorm Wind The roof was blown off of a tool shed. Delaware County 1 SW Colcord 05 0300CST 0 0 1K Thunderstorm Wind The porch roof and skirting of a mobile home were blown away. Le Flore County Zafra 05 1530CST 0 0 Hail (0.88) Haskell County Mc Curtain 05 1650CST 0 0 0.30K Thunderstorm Wind Several trees were blown down. Sequoyah County Vian 05 1700CST 0 0 0.10K Thunderstorm Wind Large tree limbs were blown down. Le Flore County Poteau 05 1715CST 0 0 1.5K Thunderstorm Wind A carport and part of a fence were damaged on Conser Street. Pushmataha County Antlers 05 1900CST 0 0 3K Lightning Lightning hit a home in Antlers, blowing a hole through a wall, destroying two TV sets and catching a set of curtains on fire. Pushmataha County Honobia 05 1900CST 0 0 0.10K Thunderstorm Wind A tree was blown over. Oklahoma's worst-ever October tornado outbreak took place on the evening of October 4. At least 22 tornadoes occurred throughout Oklahoma, of which seven were in northeast Oklahoma. This outbreak of severe weather resulted as a powerful upper level storm system moved across the central plains and surface low pressure developed over southwest Oklahoma. Warm humid air quickly invaded the area on the morning of October 4 and then collided with a cold front moving southward by evening. The threat from these storms ran the full range of possibilities from destructive tornadoes to damaging winds to very large hail up to the size of baseballs.

Numerous storms occurred on the evening of October 4, mainly north of Interstate 40. The two most significant storms both moved eastward out of central Oklahoma. One produced an F1 tornado that passed through Pawnee. The other produced a 27-mile track F2 tornado that started in Okfuskee County and ended in Okmulgee County. This second storm later went on to produce considerable hail and wind damage in the city of Okmulgee. Many other thunderstorms developed during the evening in central Oklahoma, fanned by upper level winds in excess of 100 knots. These storms moved into northeast Oklahoma, causing additional severe weather late in the evening that gradually spread eastward to the Arkansas state line. After midnight, the storms congealed and became a slow-moving line of thunderstorms that sat over nearly the same area of northeast Oklahoma through the overnight hours. The severe threat gradually diminished through the night, and flooding became the main problem. For more information on the flooding, see the separate event entry for the flooding.

By late on the afternoon of October 5, the slow-moving line had moved into southeast Oklahoma and flared up during the heat of the afternoon, causing a few additional severe weather reports in the form of strong winds. Washington County South Portion 04 2200CST 0 0 Flash Flood 05 1100CST Several creeks were over roads in and near Vera. Osage County East Portion 04 2300CST 0 0 Flash Flood 05 0500CST Quapaw Creek rose out of its banks west of Skiatook. Residents from nearby homes had to be evacuated. Water flooded a grave l road upstream of Hulah Lake. The north Webb City road that runs east-west was flooded. Schools in Avant were closed on Octobe r 5.

6559 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm OKLAHOMA, Eastern Pawnee County East Portion 04 2300CST 0 0 38K Flash Flood 05 0500CST A park entrance was flooded. Water covered other roads, especially between Pawnee and Skedee. Several creeks rose out of their banks. Several rural roads were under water and closed near Pawnee. Creek County Countywide 04 2330CST 0 0 120K Flash Flood 05 0530CST Low-lying areas across Creek County were flooded. In Bristow, low spots on several streets were flooded.

In Sapulpa, between 15 and 18 homes, as well as a business, along Rock Creek were flooded, and residents of the area had to be evacuated. 161st West Avenue south of W. 81st was closed due to high water. Two teenage boys had to be rescued when their fishing boat capsized in the rain-swollen waters of the Polecat Creek 7 miles south of Sapulpa. A motorist had to be rescued when stranded by high water in the 800 block of West Teel. Firefighters rescued another 6 people trapped in the area of South Independence south of Taft. Several roads and bridges countywide were washed out. Craig County Countywide 05 0000CST 0 0 Flash Flood 0600CST Numerous streets and county roads were closed in and near Vinita. A county road off of US Hwy 169 near Big Cabin was flooded. Rogers County Countywide 05 0000CST 0 0 11K Flash Flood 0900CST Near Tiawah, rescue crews removed several stranded motorists from their vehicles, including a woman and her two children whose van was swept away by swift running water around 9 AM CDT.

In Claremore, several residences near 7th and Muskogee Streets had to be evacuated. Several streets in the city of Claremore were closed by high water, including Lynn Riggs at JM Davis, Blue Starr, and Patti Page near the courthouse. Water flooded over US Hwy 169 between Oologah and Talala.

In Inola, flooding was apparent throughout the town as water overflowed the usual drainage system. Water was reported in at least one building. About twelve houses had water up to their doors, especially in the area of East Commercial near the railroad tracks an d on West Commercial. Inola Creek, located one-half mile west of town, closed a roadway to traffic.

Near Oologah, water flowed over the bridge on E-W section line road 38 just east of US Hwy 169. Tulsa County (Tul)Tulsa Intl Arpt 05 0000CST 0 0 Heavy Rain 2359CST Rainfall for the calendar day of October 5 totaled 4.80 inches. This breaks the record as being the most rainfall on record at the Tuls a International Airport for October 5. The storm total for this rainfall event was 5.30 inches. Wagoner County Countywide 05 0000CST 0 0 97K Flash Flood 0500CST OK Hwy 16 between Wagoner and Okay had to be closed because of high water. In the city of Wagoner, several houses and business were flooded. The old Verdigris River bridge south of Okay (no longer in use) had 70 feet of its remaining structure collapse into th e river. Across southeastern Wagoner County, several of the county's wooden bridges sustained damage.

In Coweta, many residents had to be evacuated due to rising water. Several residents of Coweta had to be rescued after being stranded in either their homes or their vehicles. Mayes County Countywide 05 0100CST 0 0 35K Flash Flood 0700CST Several county roads near Pryor were closed by flooding. Several cars were stranded in high water. Water blocked the entrance to a manufacturing plant, closing the plant for the day. A man driving a pickup truck was swept away by floodwaters and was finall y rescued from a tree that he had climbed for safety. A school bus on its early morning run stalled in high water. Several businesses i n Locust Grove had up to one foot of water in them. Schools in Locust Grove and Salina let out early for the day. Nowata County South Portion 05 0100CST 0 0 5K Flash Flood A county road was washed out 2 miles northeast of New Alluwe.

6660 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm OKLAHOMA, Eastern Okmulgee County Countywide 05 0100CST 0 0 193K Flash Flood 1100CST In Morris, several streets were flooded. In Okmulgee, the railroad underpass near McDonald's on US Hwy 75 was closed. The only road in and out of the small community of Quail Creek was washed out, leaving residents of the community stranded. Schools in Beggs were closed. Tulsa County Countywide 05 0100CST 0 0 30K Flash Flood 0700CST Serious flooding took place throughout Tulsa County.

In Jenks, several roads were closed due to street flooding. Jenks schools were closed for the day. Water entered three downtown businesses. There was damage to the carpet at the Jenks Public School Central Campus.

In Tulsa, many street intersections were flooded, including 31st and Yale, 96th and Sheridan, and 2 feet of water over the road at 28th and 129th East Avenue. There was major street flooding across the city of Tulsa. A person was trapped in a car by high water at 800 N. Lewis. The basement of the Southwestern Bell telephone building in downtown Tulsa took on water, causing the loss of phon e service across much of Tulsa for several hours and temporarily disabling 911 emergency service. Cell phones, pagers, and 911 emergency services across much of eastern Oklahoma also experienced interrupted service due to the flooding at the Southwester n Bell building. The economic impact of the phone service interruption is not included in the dollar damage estimate.

In Broken Arrow, many city streets were flooded and impassable. One woman had to be rescued from her car on a bridge near 101st and Garnett when her car stalled in four feet of water. Two other women had to be rescued when they tried crossing a swollen cree k on foot on 81st Street near the Oak Creek subdivision.

In Glenpool, several streets were closed by high water, including 121st at US Hwy 75, 131st at US Hwy 75, and Caspar from 146th to 148th Streets. A woman and her daughter had to be rescued when their car stalled in high water near 141st and Fern. Two cars stalled out at US Hwy 75 and 201st Street, where only the cars' roofs were visible. Several residents had to be evacuated, and tw o downtown businesses received flood damage.

Mcintosh County Countywide 05 0200CST 0 0 51K Flash Flood 1200CST Flooding reported at Fountainhead State Park. Infrastructure damage resulting from flash flooding countywide estimated at $51,000. Ottawa County Countywide 05 0200CST 0 0 30K Flash Flood 0800CST In Miami, there was extensive flooding throughout the city. The Neosho River overflowed its banks, flooding Riverview Park and the Miami fairgrounds. Tar Creek overflowed into several homes in the Skyranch subdivision of northeast Miami and caused flooding along Elm Street. OK Hwy 125 was closed for a time west of town.

Near Cardin, a stranded motorist had to be rescued when her van stalled in high water. Another motorist had to be rescued from the Tar Creek Bridge when the water level rose quickly over the road. Nearby, an elderly woman had to be evacuated from her home when water flooded her home near the Tar Creek at Cardin. Another woman had to be rescued from her vehicle just east of Commerce. Water had filled all but the top few inches of the passenger compartment. Cherokee County Countywide 05 0500CST 0 1 149K Flash Flood 1100CST A family of four had to be rescued when their van started floating near Teresita. One of the rescuers, a member of the Oaks Fire Department, broke his arm when the van unexpectedly started floating away as the rescuers were approaching the vehicle. OK Hwy 80 was closed by flooding between Hulbert and Fort Gibson. In Tahlequah, six streets were closed by high water. Near Peggs, OK Hwy 82 was closed when waters from Blackbird Creek flowed over the road. Five locations along Shilo Road north of Gideon were washed away. Littlefield Bridge north of Peggs was washed away, and another road was washed out just south of Teresita.

Delaware County Countywide 05 0600CST 0 0 5K Flash Flood 1200CST

6761 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm OKLAHOMA, Eastern High water washed across many roads countywide. There was lots of street flooding, especially near Grove. Cherokee Street north of Grove had to be closed when a tributary of Wolf Creek overflowed. Grove City Park was flooded. OK Hwy 25 near Grove wa s under one foot of water. There was street flooding in West Siloam Springs. Five school buses were stranded in high water when school let out early around noon CDT in the Jay school district. Muskogee County Countywide 05 0630CST 0 0 30K Flash Flood 1000CST In Muskogee, some streets were closed by flooding. A low-water crossing one mile southwest of Council Hill was covered by water. In Fort Gibson, there was some street flooding.

In Haskell, residents of the Haskell Manor Nursing Home were evacuated due to flooding. Two buildings in downtown Haskell were flooded. Several rural roads were closed, and one rural bridge was washed out. US Hwy 64 at the Ash Creek bridge southeast of Haskell was closed by rising waters. At least one woman had to be rescued from a van after she drove the vehicle into high runnin g water on Duncan Road. Okfuskee County Countywide 05 0800CST 0 0 118K Flash Flood 1400CST A road was closed south of Bearden due to high water. Damage to roads and bridges countywide reported at $118,000. Haskell County Countywide 05 0900CST 0 0 Flash Flood 1600CST Several creeks rose out of their banks. A road was closed due to high water. Some roads near Lequire were flooded. Street flooding noted near Quinton. Adair County Countywide 05 1100CST 0 0 15K Flash Flood 1700CST Water crossed US Hwy 59 in several low-lying areas between Stilwell and Baron. On the US Hwy 59 bypass near Stilwell, severa l vehicles stalled out in high water. A pickup truck was washed off of Section Line Road northwest of Stilwell around noon CDT. Pittsburg County Countywide 05 1100CST 0 0 Flash Flood 1800CST Several streets in McAlester flooded when manhole covers popped their lids. Two streets in the city had to be closed for a time. Sequoyah County Countywide 05 1200CST 0 0 30K Flash Flood 1800CST Small roads were washed out by Cato Creek 1.5 miles northeast of Blackgum. Water covered the road near Tenkiller Dam. Latimer County Countywide 05 1300CST 0 0 10K Flash Flood 2000CST Several city and county roads near Wilburton were closed by high water. At least two vehicles in Wilburton were stranded by high water. Parts of US Hwy 270 were partially under water. Le Flore County Countywide 05 1300CST 0 0 10K Flash Flood 2000CST Water covered the main road in Poteau, causing several cars to stall. There was major street flooding in Zafra. Water covered a road one mile west of Panama. Pushmataha County Countywide 05 1400CST 0 0 Flash Flood 2000CST Creeks overflowed low-water bridges in rural areas off of OK Hwy 144 west of Nashoba. What started out as Oklahoma's worst-ever October tornado outbreak turned into a widespread and serious flash flood event when a steady train of supercell thunderstorms moving across northeast Oklahoma on the evening of October 4 congealed into a slow-moving line of thunderstorms early on the morning of October 5. This line of thunderstorms remained nearly stationary roughly along I-44 through the overnight and pre-dawn hours of October 5, dumping widespread rainfall amounts of 5 to 7 inches along the I-44 corridor. Some of the heaviest rain fell in the Tulsa metro area. After sunrise, the line of thunderstorms started a slow southeastward drift, causing lesser but still heavy rain amounts of 3 to 5 inches across southeast and eastcentral Oklahoma. By the time the line of thunderstorms reached the southeast corner of Oklahoma on the evening of October 5, rainfall rates were not as intense. Thus, the only county in eastern Oklahoma not to see flash flooding was Choctaw County, where rainfall amounts were generally 2.5 inches or less.

6862 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm OKLAHOMA, Eastern

Several mainstem rivers rose above flood stage from the heavy rains, including the Bird Creek at Sperry and Owasso, the Verdigris River at Lenapah, the Neosho River at Commerce and Quapaw, the Poteau River at Panama, the Deep Fork River at Beggs, the Black Bear Creek at Pawnee, and the Polecat Creek at Sapulpa and Jenks.

Some rainfall totals from October 4-5 include (in inches): Page_2SE...7.11, Skiatook_4NW...6.69, Jenks Riverside Airport (RVS)...6.45, Pryor_4N...6.21, Bristow_4SE...6.08, Welty_1SSE...6.00, Lyons_2N...5.93, NWS Tulsa (NE Tulsa)...5.88, Wynona_2S...5.59, Jay_4N...5.46, Tulsa International Airport (TUL)...5.30, Kansas_1ESE...5.25, Miami_2NE...5.17, Wilburton_9ENE...5.06, Tahlequah_2NNE...5.03, Centralia_7E (Vinita mesonet)...4.46, Clayton...4.04, Copan_2ENE...4.02, Webbers Falls...3.90, Talihina_4SE...3.68, McCurtain_1SE...3.60, Marble City_4N...3.33, Wister_3ENE...3.32, Checotah...3.13, Muskogee...2.97, and Okemah...2.79. OKZ059 Pawnee 05 0300CST 0 0 Flood 2200CST The Black Bear Creek at Pawnee rose above its flood stage of 17 feet to reach a flood crest of 19.7 feet at 9 AM CDT on October 5. OKZ064 Creek 05 0300CST 0 0 Flood 06 2300CST The Polecat Creek at Sapulpa rose above its flood stage of 21 feet and reached a flood crest of 26.8 feet at 9 AM CDT on October 5. OKZ060 Tulsa 05 0300CST 0 0 Flood 06 2300CST The Polecat Creek at Jenks rose above its flood stage of 17 feet and reached a flood crest of 19.2 feet at 9 AM CDT on October 5. OKZ058 Ottawa 05 0500CST 0 0 Flood 08 1200CST The Neosho River at Quapaw rose above its flood stage of 20 feet and reached a flood crest of 25.5 feet at 10 AM CDT on October 7. OKZ060 Tulsa 05 0800CST 0 0 Flood 06 1500CST The Bird Creek at Owasso rose above its flood stage of 25 feet and reached a flood crest of 29.5 feet at 12 AM CDT on October 6. OKZ060 Tulsa 05 0800CST 0 0 Flood 06 1000CST The Bird Creek at Sperry rose above its flood stage to reach a flood crest of 24.8 feet at 6 PM CDT on October 5. OKZ066 Okmulgee 05 1300CST 0 0 Flood 12 2000CST The Deep Fork River at Beggs rose above its flood stage of 18 feet and reached a flood crest of 22.6 feet at 12 AM CDT on Octobe r 10. OKZ056 Nowata 05 2000CST 0 0 Flood 07 0700CST The Verdigris River at Lenapah rose above its flood stage of 30 feet and reached a flood crest of 32.7 feet at 5 PM CDT on Octobe r 6. OKZ076 Le Flore 06 1400CST 0 0 Flood 07 2000CST The Poteau River at Panama rose above its flood stage of 29 feet to reach a flood crest of 31.4 feet at 7 AM CDT on October 7. Adair County Stilwell 16 1920CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) A surge of moisture and warm air on the heels of strong southerly winds helped to destabilize the atmosphere enough on the evening of October 16 to produce a severe thunderstorm over Adair County. The main threat from this storm was marginally severe hail. Tulsa County (Tul)Tulsa Intl Arpt 17 0000CST 0 0 Heavy Rain 2359CST The daily rainfall of 1.32 inches breaks the record as being the most rainfall to occur at the Tulsa International Airport on this date.

6963 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm OKLAHOMA, Eastern Osage County Hominy 17 1210CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G57) Osage County 7 NE Barnsdall 17 1215CST 0 0 0.10K Thunderstorm Wind Large tree limbs were blown down at the Woolaroc Museum. Osage County 4 E Hominy 17 1215CST 0 0 4K Thunderstorm Wind A pump house was blown out of a pasture and onto OK Hwy 20. Washington County Copan 17 1305CST 0 0 0.10K Thunderstorm Wind Large tree limbs were blown down in Copan. Osage County Wolco 17 1330CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G61) Osage County 1 NW Skiatook 17 1400CST 0 0 Funnel Cloud Pawnee County Terlton 17 1400CST 0 0 0.10K Thunderstorm Wind Large tree limbs were blown down in Terlton. Washington County 1 E Ochelata 17 1400CST 0 0 10K Thunderstorm Wind A barn was destroyed just east of Ochelata. Power poles were also snapped off. Washington County Ochelata 17 1400CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G52) Washington County 2 W Vera 17 1405CST 0 0 6K Thunderstorm Wind Two cars were blown off of US Hwy 75. Washington County Ramona 17 1420CST 0 0 2K Thunderstorm Wind The roof was blown off of a barn. Osage County Avant 17 1500CST 0 0 2K Thunderstorm Wind Several power poles were blown down near Avant. A cold front pushing across northeast Oklahoma and the tail end of an upper level disturbance moving across the northern plains on the afternoon of October 17 helped to kick off a few severe thunderstorms between Tulsa and the Kansas state line. Several rounds of thunderstorms moved across the affected area with one thunderstorm demonstrating strong rotation and containing a funnel cloud. Otherwise, the main threat from these storms was in the form of damaging winds and marginally severe hail. OKZ058 Ottawa 18 0800CST 0 0 Flood 20 2100CST The Neosho River at Commerce rose above its flood stage of 15 feet and reached a flood crest of 17.0 feet at 6 AM CDT on Octobe r 19. OKZ060 Tulsa 28 0000CST 0 0 Excessive Heat 2359CST The low temperature at the Tulsa International Airport on October 28 was 62 degrees Fahrenheit. This ties for being the warmest lo w temperature on record in Tulsa for this date. OKLAHOMA, Extreme Southeast

NONE REPORTED. OKLAHOMA, Panhandle

NONE REPORTED.

7064 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm OKLAHOMA, Western, Central and Southeast

NOT RECEIVED. OREGON, Central and East

NOT RECEIVED. OREGON, Northwest Marion County Silverton 03 1430PST 0.1 20 0 0 0 Tornado (F0) 1445PST A Silverton Police Officer reported seeing a tornado touch down near Silverton between 330 and 345 PM. No damages or injuries were reported. Clackamas County Canby 03 1545PST 0.3 25 0 0 5K Tornado (F0) A tornado was spotted by several residents of Canby at 445 PM PDT south of Highway 99 off Barlow Road. The tornado did very minor damage to the home at 25170 S. Barlow Road, and did minor damage to a barn nearby that was being demolished. Five trees were blown over. OREGON, Southeast

NONE REPORTED. OREGON, Southwest

NONE REPORTED. PACIFIC

NOT RECEIVED. PENNSYLVANIA, Central

NOT RECEIVED. PENNSYLVANIA, East Berks County Countywide 08 0200EST 0 0 Heavy Rain 1800EST Carbon County Countywide 08 0200EST 0 0 Heavy Rain 1800EST Lehigh County Countywide 08 0200EST 0 0 Heavy Rain 1800EST Monroe County Countywide 08 0200EST 0 0 Heavy Rain 1800EST Northampton Countywide 08 0200EST 0 0 Heavy Rain 1800EST Bucks County Countywide 08 0400EST 0 0 Heavy Rain 1900EST

7165 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm PENNSYLVANIA, East Chester County Countywide 08 0500EST 0 0 Heavy Rain 1900EST Montgomery County Countywide 08 0600EST 0 0 Heavy Rain 1900EST Delaware County Countywide 08 0900EST 0 0 Heavy Rain 1900EST A slow moving cold front with a series of low pressure systems moving north along it produced heavy rain on the 8th across Eastern Pennsylvania. Storm totals included 3.31 inches in Bechtelsville (Berks County), 3.20 inches in Hamburg (Berks County), 2.96 inches in Morgantown (Berks County), 2.54 inches in Green Lane (Montgomery County), 2.51 inches in Springtown (Bucks County), 2.48 inches in Sellersville (Bucks County), 2.43 inches in Palm (Montgomery County), 2.32 inches in Perkasie (Bucks County), 2.30 inches in Tobyhanna (Monroe County), 2.22 inches at the Lehigh Valley International Airport, 2.19 inches in Lehighton (Carbon County), 2.11 inches in Glenmoore (Chester County) and Fricks (Bucks County), 2.08 inches in Saylorsburg (Monroe County), 2.03 inches in Reading (Berks County) and Easton (Northampton County), 1.99 inches in Pottstown (Montgomery County), 1.94 inches in Doylestown (Bucks County), 1.80 inches in Downingtown (Chester County), 1.79 inches in Honey Brook (Chester County), 1.73 inches in Crum Creek (Delaware County), 1.61 inches in Valley Forge (Chester/Montgomery County Line) and 1.46 inches at the Willow Grove NAS (Montgomery County). Storm totals in Philadelphia were around one inch. The heavy rain produced some urban and poor drainage flooding and increased the number of vehicular accidents. There was no flooding along the larger streams and rivers. The cold front was in Ohio the morning of the 7th, central Pennsylvania the morning of the 8th and reached the New Jersey coastal waters early in the morning on the 9th. While there were periods of rain for a couple of days, the heaviest rain fell on the 8th. Most of October's rainfall fell during these three days. PAZ067>071 Chester - Montgomery - Bucks - Delaware - Philadelphia 31 2359EST 0 0 0 Unseasonably Dry The run of unseasonably dry weather continued across Southeast Pennsylvania. This was the fourth consecutive month of below normal precipitation for most areas. On a county weighted average, monthly precipitation totals were near normal in Bucks, Chester and Montgomery Counties, but were up to one inch below normal in Philadelphia and Delaware Counties. Heavy rain on the 8th of October contributed to the first above normal month of precipitation since June for the rest of Eastern Pennsylvania. PENNSYLVANIA, Northeast PAZ039>040-044- Susquehanna - Wayne - Lackawanna - Pike 01 1100EST 0 0 105K High Wind 1500EST

A strong cold front plowed through northeastern Pennsylvania during the early afternoon hours on the 1st. A tightening pressure gradient produced by deepening low pressure over southern Ontario and Quebec produced a narrow band of strong gusty winds along and just behind the frontal zone. Sustained winds of 15 to 30 mph with isolated gusts over 50 mph buffeted the region during the midday and early afternoon period. Since northeastern Pennsylvania had experienced locally heavy rainfall during the previous 24 to 48 hours, the combination of high winds and water loading brought down trees and power lines over many sections. Most of the tree damage was concentrated over the higher terrain in the Poconos from Wayne county southward into Pike and extreme southern Lackawanna counties. Pennsylvania Power and Light Company estimated that five to ten thousand customers had their electrical service interrupted for at least a short time that afternoon. By late afternoon, winds began to subside as low pressure moved further away from the area. PAZ044-047 Lackawanna - Luzerne 09 1100EST 0 12 Fog 1500EST The combination of deep easterly flow and Gulf moisture flowing northward and over a stalled frontal boundary produced a saturated environment across northeastern Pennsylvania on the 9th. The higher elevations of the region from the southern Poconos northward into Lackawanna county experienced very dense fog from late morning until mid-afternoon on this day. Visibility was reduced to near zero in many areas. A 25 vehicle chain reaction pile up occurred early in the afternoon on Interstate 81 going through the higher terrain of Rice and Nuangola Townships, just south of Wilkes-Barre in Luzerne county. A dozen injuries were reported and the highway had to be shut down for several hours. Authorities on the northeast extension of the Pennsylvania Turnpike just west of Hazleton and near Clarks Summit also relayed reports of near zero visibility and traffic accidents. PENNSYLVANIA, Northwest

NONE REPORTED.

7266 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm PENNSYLVANIA, West Allegheny County Warrendale 08 0040EST 0 0 6K Thunderstorm Wind Strong thunderstorm winds blew over 2 sets of baseball bleachers in the Warrendale Park. One set of bleachers was thrown into a fence, the other was thrown over a 6 foot fence and under power lines. A tree and large branches were also downed. PUERTO RICO Arecibo Utuado 08 1500AST 0 0 100K Flash Flood 1700AST Heavy rains produced flooding in parts of Utuado. Civil Defense evacuated several families as two rivers went out of their banks. Aguadilla San Sebastian 13 1400AST 0 0 Hail (0.75) 1500AST Ponce Juana Diaz 14 0530AST 0 0 Urban/Sml Stream Fld 0730AST Road 1 was impassable due to the rains. Mayaguez Mayaguez 19 1530AST 0 0 Urban/Sml Stream Fld 1730AST Civil Defense indicated urban flooding in downtown Mayaguez. Mayaguez South Portion 22 0430AST 0 0 100K Flash Flood 1000AST Ponce Countywide 22 0430AST 0 0 100K Flash Flood 1000AST A slow moving tropical wave south of Puerto Rico produced widespread flash flooding across the southwest and south sections of Puerto Rico. Several low lying sectors, streets and neighbourhoods in Guanica, Cabo Rojo, Yauco, Ponce and Penuelas flooded due to these heavy rains. Guayama Countywide 22 1200AST 0 0 500K Flash Flood Humacao Countywide 22 1200AST 2 0 1M Flash Flood M66VE, F9IW San Juan Countywide 22 1200AST 0 0 500K Flash Flood A slow moving tropical wave produced between 6 to 8 inches of rain during afternoon and evening hours across eastern Puerto Rico. Widespread flooding was observed across the eastern and central interior sections of Puerto Rico. The most affected municipalities were Maunabo, Yabucoa, Humacao and Naguabo where most of the streams and rivers went out of their banks in addition to landslides. Many residences, roads and low sectors had flooding problems. A Naguabo resident died when his car was washed away as he tried to cross a bridge over rain-swollen river. In Yabucoa a little girl died after swept away by a surge of water from a small stream. Aguadilla Aguadilla 25 1700AST 0 0 Waterspout 1730AST Two waterspouts were observed just off the coast of Aguadilla. Ponce North Portion 26 1400AST 0 0 250K Flash Flood 1800AST Very heavy rains produced flash flooding and landslides in Adjuntas and Jayuya. Most of the streams and rivers went out of their banks flooding nearby sectors and roads. Many roads were impassable due to the flooding and landslides, some bridges were damaged and various residences were flooded in Jayuya. Humacao Ceiba 26 1400AST 3 0 Heavy Rain 1700AST A surge of water in Rio Fajardo washed away and drowned one adult and two children. F22IW, F4IW, M3IW

7367 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm PUERTO RICO Humacao Countywide 27 1200AST 0 0 250K Flash Flood 1800AST San Juan Countywide 27 1200AST 0 0 250K Flash Flood 1800AST A slow moving cold front approaching the area produced heavy rains during most of the afternoon across the eastern and central sections of Puerto Rico. Flooding was widespread. Most of the rivers across the area went out of their banks inundating roads, bridges and houses. Two people were rescued in their vehicles when tried to cross flooded roads and bridges. Numerous roads across the San Juan metropolitan were impassable. San Juan Countywide 28 1300AST 0 0 800K Flash Flood 1800AST A nearly stationary front produced very heavy rainfall and landslides across the northern and interior sections of Puerto Rico mainly in the afternoon. In San Juan around 30 families in Tortugo sector have to be evacuated due to flooding. Other sectors in San Juan, Dorado and Caguas reported flooding damaging several residences and roads. Aguadilla Southeast Portion 29 1300AST 0 0 Flash Flood 1800AST Arecibo Countywide 29 1300AST 0 0 Flash Flood 1800AST Mayaguez Northeast Portion 29 1300AST 0 0 Flash Flood 1800AST Ponce Jayuya 29 1300AST 0 0 Flash Flood 1800AST San Juan Countywide 29 1300AST 0 0 100K Flash Flood 1800AST Flooding was reported across most of the northern and interior sections of Puerto Rico but the most affected areas was the San Juan metropolitan area where several communities were affected by the rains and various families had to be evacuated. In Camuy and Utuado two people were rescued in their vehicles while crossing flooded roads and bridges. RHODE ISLAND Kent County Warwick 08 1200EST 0 0 Heavy Rain 11 0600EST Newport County Newport 08 1200EST 0 0 Heavy Rain 11 0600EST Providence County Burrillville 08 1200EST 0 0 Heavy Rain 11 0600EST Washington County Block Is 08 1200EST 0 0 Heavy Rain 11 0600EST A low pressure system developed along a stationary front along the Eastern Seaboard and resulted in a long duration rain event which started on October 8th and lasted into October 11th. The highest total reported was 4.84 inches on Block Island. Other reports of heavy rainfall during this period included 3.79 inches in Burrillville and 3.73 inches in Clayville. There were no reports of flooding. SOUTH CAROLINA, Central

NONE REPORTED.

7468 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm SOUTH CAROLINA, North Coastal

NONE REPORTED. SOUTH CAROLINA, Northwest Greenville County Greenville 07 0000EST 0 0 Urban/Sml Stream Fld 0300EST Heavy rain from strong thunderstorms that moved through the Greenville area overnight, caused the Reedy River in downtown Greenville to flood. The river rose about one foot above it's flood stage of 8 feet. SOUTH CAROLINA, South Coastal Beaufort County Hilton Head Is 08 1800EST 0 0 Lightning Lightning strike to telephone sub-station, knocked out services to 80 to 90 percent of the customers in Hilton Head Plantation. SOUTH DAKOTA, Central and North Day County 7 S Webster 15 2210CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) SOUTH DAKOTA, Southeast Miner County 1 E Howard 04 1200CST 0 0 Lightning Lightning caused a small house fire. The time of the strike was approximate and the amount of damage was unavailable. Moody County Flandreau 16 0215CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) SOUTH DAKOTA, West SDZ024-028 Northern Black Hills - Central Black Hills 04 0700MST 0 0 Heavy Snow 05 1600MST Ten to 25 inches of snow fell over the northern and central Black Hills. Deadwood reported 36"; Lead measured 42"; and Galena received 48" of snow. SDZ013-026-030- Meade Co. Plains - Central Foot Hills - Custer Plains - Pennington Plains 04 2000MST 0 0 High Wind (G65) 05 1000MST SDZ024-028 Northern Black Hills - Central Black Hills 16 1700MST 0 0 Heavy Snow 17 0800MST Six to ten inches of snow fell over the northern Black Hills and extreme western Pennington County. Lead measured 17.7 inches o f snow. TENNESSEE, Central

NONE REPORTED. TENNESSEE, East

NONE REPORTED. TENNESSEE, West Shelby County North 02 1755CST 0 0 5K Thunderstorm Wind 1800CST Several power lines were knocked down over the northern part of the county. TEXAS, Central Jones County 1 S Stamford 03 1445CST 0 0 Hail (0.75)

7569 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm TEXAS, Central Jones County Stamford 03 1455CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Tom Green County 10 N San Angelo 05 1400CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Runnels County Winters 05 1448CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Runnels County Winters 05 1450CST 0 0 Hail (1.50) Walnut size hail Taylor County Lawn 05 1500CST 0 0 Hail (0.88) Crockett County 30 W Ozona 05 1535CST 0.5 50 0 0 7.5K Tornado (F0) A brief tornado downed 15 power poles across western Crockett County. Coleman County Coleman 05 1542CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Runnels County Ballinger 05 1559CST 0 0 Hail (1.00) Runnels County Ballinger 05 1603CST 0 0 Hail (1.75) Golf ball size hail Tom Green County 13 NE San Angelo 05 1607CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G60) Wind gust estimated at 70 mph Runnels County Miles 05 1610CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Runnels County Rowena 05 1625CST 0 0 Hail (2.75) Baseball size hail Tom Green County San Angelo 05 1632CST 0 0 Hail (1.25) Coleman County Silver Vly 05 1640CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Crockett County 27 SW Ozona 05 1730CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G52) Wind gust estimated at 60 mph Schleicher County 12 N Eldorado 05 1748CST 0 0 Hail (0.88) Crockett County 25 SW Ozona 05 1750CST 0 0 Hail (1.75) Golf ball size hail Crockett County 35 S Ozona 05 1830CST 0 0 Hail (1.00) A strong cold front dropping through West Central Texas produced widespread severe weather across the area. A brief tornado touchdown was reported in the western sections of Crockett County, knocking down 15 power poles. Other severe storms produced hail up to the size of baseballs in Rowena and golf balls in Ballinger. Sterling County 18 NW Sterling City 31 1830CST 0 0 Hail (0.88) Mitchell County 16 SSW Colorado 31 1840CST 0 0 Hail (1.75) City Golf ball size hail

7670 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm TEXAS, Central Nolan County Roscoe 31 1930CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Crockett County Ozona 31 2100CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Crockett County Ozona 31 2100CST 0 0 0.50K Thunderstorm Wind High winds broke large tree limbs off trees Tom Green County 10 NNW San Angelo 31 2150CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G52) Wind gust estimated at 60 mph Schleicher County Eldorado 31 2200CST 0 0 0.50K Thunderstorm Wind High winds downed tree limbs across the city Runnels County Winters 31 2230CST 0 0 1K Thunderstorm Wind High winds downed several large tree limbs A cold front moving through West Central Texas produced scattered reports of severe weather across the the Northern Edwards Plateau, Concho Valley, and the western sections of the Big Country. Hail up to the size of golf balls was reported south of Colorado City in southern Mitchell County. TEXAS, Central Southeast Harris County South Portion 04 1752CST 0 0 5K Flash Flood 1930CST Feeder roads flooded along I-45 in southern parts of the county. Galveston County South Portion 04 1843CST 0 0 35K Flash Flood 1950CST Highway 87 flooded from Crystal Beach to High Island. Street flooding in Dickinson. Water in homes in Baycliff and flooding in San Leon. Galveston County South Portion 04 1957CST 0 0 10K Flash Flood 2330CST Continued widespread flooding. Brazoria County 4 E Angleton 05 0035CST 0.1 50 0 0 15K Tornado (F0) 0040CST Brief tornado touchdown just east of Angleton. Cattle ranch sustained structural damage and loss of livestock. Houston County Grapeland 06 0345CST 0 0 3K Flash Flood 0500CST Street flooding in Grapeland. Trinity County Trinity 06 0524CST 0 0 3K Flash Flood 0700CST High water on HWY 19. Montgomery County Conroe 06 0600CST 0 0 2K Flash Flood 0715CST Minor street flooding. Fort Bend County Needville to 06 0620CST 10 50 0 0 15K Tornado (F0) 5 S Richmond 0640CST Trees down in Needville. Trees and powerlines down across eastern portions of the county. Wharton County Wharton 06 0630CST 0 0 2K Flash Flood 0730CST Minor street flooding in Wharton.

7771 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm TEXAS, Central Southeast Liberty County Romayor 06 0638CST 0 0 2K Flash Flood 0800CST Minor street flooding in Romayor. Harris County Houston 06 0650CST 0 0 3K Thunderstorm Wind (G52) 60 mph winds in the Galleria area. Brazoria County 3 SSE Rosharon to 06 0715CST 0 0 10K Thunderstorm Wind 5 SW Alvin 0730CST Trees and powerlines blown down at CR 51 between HWY 288 & FM 521 and along CR 172. Matagorda County Sargent 06 0717CST 0 0 5K Thunderstorm Wind Wind damage to 2 homes in Sargent. Galveston County Dickinson 06 0731CST 0 0 0.50K Thunderstorm Wind (G52) 60 mph wind gust at NWS Houston/Galveston. Galveston County Jamaica Beach to 06 0756CST 0 0 5K Thunderstorm Wind (G64) Port Bolivar 0815CST 62 mph winds at Jamaica Beach and 75 mph gusts at the Ferry landing in Galveston. Chambers County Hankamer 06 0825CST 0 0 3K Thunderstorm Wind Trees blown down. Burleson County 2.5 SW Caldwell to 17 1420CST 5 75 0 0 500K Tornado (F1) 3 NW Caldwell 1426CST Burleson County 2 S Caldwell to 17 1428CST 3.5 100 0 0 1.5M Tornado (F2) 1.5 N Caldwell Two tornadoes touched down in the Caldwell area causing substantial damage. Twenty-two homes were completely destroyed, 37 sustained major damage, and 101 homes with minor damage. Caldwell Middle School also had major damage. Tombstones weighing more than 1000 pounds were unearthed and moved. Brazos County 5 E College Station 17 1540CST 3.5 75 0 0 20K Tornado (F1) to 8 NE College Station Utility poles downed and roof damage on the outskirts of Bryan College Station. Brazos County College Station 17 1850CST 0 0 5K Flash Flood 2300CST Street flooding in College Station as well as along frontage roads of HWY 6. Madison County Madisonville 17 1850CST 0 0 5K Flash Flood 2300CST Street flooding in and around Madisonville. HWY 90 and FM 978 closed due to high water. Washington County 3.5 E Brenham 17 1850CST 1 25 0 0 Tornado (F0) 1853CST DPS reported tornado. No damage reported. Austin County Countywide 17 2221CST 0 0 50K Flash Flood 18 0700CST Major flooding across the county, especially the southern half near Sealy and San Felipe. HWY 36 flooded.I-10 closed near mile marker 725 with 15 to 20 rescues of stranded motorists by 236 am. San Felipe evacuated at 355 am. Harris County Katy 17 2300CST 0 0 5K Thunderstorm Wind

7872 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm TEXAS, Central Southeast Trees and powerlines blown down. Colorado County East Portion 17 2325CST 0 0 25K Flash Flood 18 0700CST Major flooding across the county, especially in Eagle Lake, Garwood, and Nada. Harris County Houston 18 0000CST 1 25 0 0 20K Tornado (F0) 0005CST Magnolia and Pine Forest subdivisions had some roof damage, trees and powerlines downed. Harris County Cypress 18 0345CST 1 25 0 0 25K Tornado (F0) 0347CST Minor structural damage and trees down. Harris County North Portion 18 0348CST 0 0 10K Flash Flood 0700CST Street flooding, especially near Hooks Airport. Harris County 8 WNW Bammel to 18 0400CST 1 25 0 0 10K Tornado (F0) 7 WNW Bammel 0402CST Trees blown down and minor damage to homes. Montgomery County Countywide 18 0400CST 0 0 15K Flash Flood 0700CST Major flooding beginning to occur countywide. Liberty County Plum Grove 18 0430CST 0.5 25 0 0 30K Tornado (F0) 0432CST Tornado touchdown in Plum Grove on FM 1010. Mobile homes damaged and trees/powerlines down. Houston County Crockett 18 0500CST 0 0 5K Flash Flood 0800CST Street flooding in Crockett. Washington County Countywide 18 0515CST 0 0 35K Flash Flood 1300CST Flooded roads countywide. Bridge washed out at Wonderhill Rd. Waller County Brookshire 18 0525CST 1 50 1 1 75K Tornado (F2) 0528CST Tornado destroyed mobile home. One person killed and another injured in the home. Nine other homes damaged and 2 barns destroyed. M47MH Brazos County Countywide 18 0545CST 0 0 15K Flash Flood 1300CST HWY 30 between HWY 6 & FM 158 closed due to flooding. Secondary roads flooded elsewhere. Jackson County Edna to 18 0629CST 0 0 15K Flash Flood Countywide 1300CST Street flooding in Edna became more widespread through the period. Austin County Countywide 18 0706CST 0 0 15K Flash Flood 1100CST Major flooding countywide. Colorado County Countywide 18 0706CST 0 0 15K Flash Flood 1100CST Major flooding countywide.

7973 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm TEXAS, Central Southeast Harris County Countywide 18 0706CST 0 0 100K Flash Flood 1100CST Major flooding countywide. Montgomery County Countywide 18 0706CST 0 0 75K Flash Flood 1100CST Major flooding countywide. Waller County Countywide 18 0706CST 0 0 15K Flash Flood 1100CST Major flooding countywide. Wharton County Countywide 18 0706CST 0 0 15K Flash Flood 1100CST Major flooding countywide. Liberty County Countywide 18 0901CST 0 0 15K Flash Flood 1300CST Major flooding countywide. Madison County Countywide 18 0901CST 0 0 10K Flash Flood FM 2289 & FM 1428 flooded. Brazoria County Brazoria 18 1024CST 0 0 3K Flash Flood 1230CST Minor street flooding. Galveston County Friendswood 18 1024CST 0 0 3K Flash Flood 1230CST Minor street flooding. Austin County Countywide 18 1102CST 0 0 Flash Flood 1500CST Major flooding continues. Colorado County Countywide 18 1102CST 0 0 Flash Flood 1500CST Major flooding continues. Fort Bend County Countywide 18 1102CST 0 0 Flash Flood 1500CST Major flooding continues. Harris County Countywide 18 1102CST 0 0 Flash Flood 1500CST Major flooding continues. Montgomery County Countywide 18 1102CST 0 0 Flash Flood 1500CST Major flooding continues. San Jacinto County Countywide 18 1102CST 0 0 Flash Flood 1500CST Major flooding continues. Waller County Countywide 18 1102CST 0 0 Flash Flood 1500CST

8074 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm TEXAS, Central Southeast Major flooding continues. Wharton County Countywide 18 1102CST 0 0 Flash Flood 1500CST Major flooding continues. Chambers County Countywide 18 1307CST 0 0 Flash Flood 1600CST Flooding continues Liberty County Countywide 18 1307CST 0 0 Flash Flood 1600CST Flooding continues. Jackson County Countywide 18 1319CST 0 0 Flash Flood 1700CST Flooding continues. Brazos County College Station 18 1640CST 0 0 2K Flash Flood 1900CST Street flooding in College Station. Jackson County Countywide 18 1707CST 0 0 Flash Flood 2000CST Flooding continues. Numerous roads closed. Jackson County Countywide 18 2012CST 0 0 Flash Flood 19 0100CST Flooding continues. TEXAS, Extreme West Hudspeth County Sierra Blanca 20 1845MST 0 1 Lightning A man was injured and sent to the hospital after his vehicle was struck by lightning. El Paso County El Paso Intl Arpt 27 1047MST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G58) Winds gusted to 58 mph as a strong thunderstorm passed over the El Paso International Airport El Paso County El Paso 27 1130MST 0 0 Hail (1.75) A movie crew filming east of El Paso reported golfball sized hail. Hudspeth County Cornudas 27 1215MST 0 0 Hail (2.00) 1230MST TEXAS, Mid - South Victoria County Mission Vly 06 0410CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G50) 0415CST Calhoun County 5 NW Port Lavaca 06 0515CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G50) San Patricio County Portland 06 0550CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G50) Aransas County 5 S Rockport 06 0554CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G60) Refugio County Refugio 06 0605CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G50)

8175 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm TEXAS, Mid - South Victoria County Victoria 06 0730CST 0 0 Flash Flood Aransas County Rockport 06 0800CST 0 0 Flash Flood Refugio County Bayside 06 0800CST 0 0 Flash Flood San Patricio County Sinton 06 0800CST 0 0 Flash Flood Victoria County 3 E Dacosta 17 1736CST 0.2 20 0 0 Tornado (F0) Sheriff and SkyWarn spotter report of several funnel clouds in the area with one brief touchdown between the cities of Placedo and Dacosta, just to the northeast of highway 87. Bee County 5 SE Skidmore 18 0635CST 0 0 Flash Flood Goliad County 5 SE Goliad 18 0645CST 0 0 Flash Flood Refugio County Woodsboro 18 0945CST 0 0 Flash Flood Refugio County Woodsboro 18 1130CST 0 0 Flash Flood Aransas County Rockport 18 1135CST 0 0 Flash Flood Jim Wells County Orange Grove 18 1138CST 0 0 Flash Flood Nueces County Agua Dulce 18 1140CST 0 0 Flash Flood Nueces County Corpus Christi 18 1300CST 0 0 Flash Flood Victoria County Victoria 18 1300CST 0 0 Flash Flood Calhoun County Port Lavaca 18 1308CST 0 0 Flash Flood Aransas County Fulton 18 1310CST 0 0 Flash Flood San Patricio County Aransas Pass 18 1320CST 0 0 Flash Flood Kleberg County 5 E Riviera 19 0300CST 0 0 Flash Flood TEXAS, North Denton County Denton 02 1100CST 0 0 Flash Flood Numerous intersections were closed due to high water. Hunt County Greenville 02 1131CST 0 0 15K Thunderstorm Wind (G65) Several roofs and an outbuilding were damaged by thunderstorm winds. Hunt County Commerce 02 1204CST 0.1 10 0 0 Tornado (F0) A narrow tornado briefly touched down on the west side of Commerce. No damage reports were received. Hopkins County 3 W Sulphur Spgs 02 1233CST 0 0 2K Thunderstorm Wind (G65) Powerlines were blown down by strong thunderstorm winds.

8276 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm TEXAS, North Hopkins County 1 N Cumby 02 1252CST 0.2 20 0 0 5K Tornado (F0) A narrow tornado briefly touched down north of Cumby. Numerous powerlines were downed. Young County 5 NW Graham to 02 1616CST 7 400 0 3 700K Tornado (F1) 2 SE Graham 1655CST An intermittent tornado tracked from northwest of Graham to southeast of Graham before ending on the Young-Jack county line just west of Bryson in Jack county. Sixty buildings were damaged, two mobile homes were destroyed and a radio tower was blown down. Jack County Bryson 02 1657CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Jack County Bryson 02 1657CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G61) Young County 4 S Graham 02 1710CST 0 0 Hail (1.00) Collin County Melissa 02 1800CST 0 0 5K Thunderstorm Wind A barn was unroofed by high winds. Jack County Perrin 02 1811CST 0 0 2K Thunderstorm Wind Thunderstorm winds downed trees and powerlines just east of town. Stephens County 5 ENE Breckenridge 02 1815CST 0 0 Hail (1.50) Parker County Whitt 02 1817CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Parker County Whitt 02 1819CST 0 0 10K Thunderstorm Wind (G52) A roof was damaged and large limbs were blown down. Collin County Blue Ridge 02 1820CST 0 0 Hail (1.00) Wise County Boonsville 02 1820CST 0 0 2K Thunderstorm Wind Strong thunderstorm winds blew down trees and power lines. Collin County 5 S Princeton 02 1840CST 0 0 5K Thunderstorm Wind A tree was blown down onto a truck. Parker County 6 NW Springtown 02 1846CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G61) Palo Pinto County 8 N Mineral Wells 02 1848CST 0 0 Hail (1.25) 1853CST Hail fell 10 miles west of Pedenville. Wise County Rhome 02 1855CST 0 0 5K Thunderstorm Wind Thunderstorm winds downed power lines, broke large tree limbs, and blew over a travel trailer. Palo Pinto County 8 N Mineral Wells 02 1903CST 0 0 Hail (1.00) Hail fell 5 miles east of Pedenville. Parker County Poolville 02 1910CST 0 0 0.50K Thunderstorm Wind Large tree limbs were blown down from thunderstorm winds. Tarrant County Azle 02 1910CST 0 0 Hail (1.00) Tarrant County Azle 02 1910CST 0 0 5K Thunderstorm Wind

8377 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm TEXAS, North Thunderstorm winds blew trees down onto an apartment complex. Collin County Blue Ridge 02 1915CST 0 0 2K Thunderstorm Wind Thunderstorm winds blew down power lines. Tarrant County Ft Worth 02 1930CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G63) Parker County Poolville 02 1935CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Tarrant County Saginaw 02 1940CST 0 0 2K Thunderstorm Wind Light poles were blown down by strong thunderstorm winds. Palo Pinto County Palo Pinto 02 1950CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) 1952CST Eastland County Ranger 02 1951CST 0 0 Hail (1.75) Palo Pinto County Mineral Wells 02 2000CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Palo Pinto County 7 W Palo Pinto 02 2005CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Parker County 8 E Weatherford 02 2016CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G52) Dallas County Rowlett 02 2027CST 0 0 50K Thunderstorm Wind Widespread wind damage. Trees and powerlines were blown down and some roof damage was reported. Palo Pinto County Santo 02 2028CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Dallas County Garland 02 2035CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G55) Trees were blown down from thunderstorm winds. Parker County Weatherford 02 2040CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Tarrant County North Richland Hills 02 2040CST 0 0 Flash Flood A car was flooded by high water. Parker County 9 E Weatherford 02 2050CST 0 0 3K Thunderstorm Wind Thunderstorm winds blew part of a roof of a Texaco station down onto a car. Parker County 8 E Weatherford 02 2055CST 0 0 5K Thunderstorm Wind (G52) Thunderstorm winds blew over a tractor trailer. Hunt County 3 S Greenville 02 2110CST 0 0 0.50K Thunderstorm Wind A tree was blown down onto a road. Hunt County 2 S Greenville 02 2110CST 0 0 1K Thunderstorm Wind Thunderstorm winds blew down trees south of Greenville. Palo Pinto County 3 E Strawn 02 2121CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Parker County Springtown 02 2130CST 0 0 2K Thunderstorm Wind Powerlines and trees were blown down from thunderstorm winds.

8478 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm TEXAS, North Rains County Emory 02 2130CST 0 0 1K Thunderstorm Wind Several trees were blown down from thunderstorm winds. Palo Pinto County Gordon 02 2140CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Grayson County Denison 03 0340CST 0 0 Flash Flood Street flooding was reported in the town of Denison. Parker County Weatherford 05 1415CST 0 0 Hail (1.00) 1419CST Montague County Sunset 05 1540CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Cooke County Muenster 05 1600CST 0 0 Hail (1.00) 1615CST Tarrant County Ft Worth 05 1625CST 0 0 Flash Flood High water was reported over curbs in the Edgecliff Village area of south Fort Worth. Kaufman County Terrell 05 1725CST 0 0 Flash Flood 1741CST High water was reported over curbs. Bell County 6 SW Youngsport 17 0825CST 0 0 50K Thunderstorm Wind Trees were uprooted and a house was destroyed by thunderstorm winds. Bell County 10 S Killeen 17 0905CST 0 0 100K Thunderstorm Wind Several homes were destroyed and unroofed by thunderstorm winds. Bell County 2 E Killeen 17 0915CST 0 0 100K Thunderstorm Wind One house and three mobile homes were destroyed by high thunderstorm winds in Harker Heights.. Navarro County Silver City 17 0915CST 3.5 100 1 4 100K Tornado (F2) A 33 year old man was killed when a tornado struck his mobile home. M33MH Bell County Killeen 17 1010CST 0 0 Flash Flood Heavy thunderstorm rains flooded low water crossings in and around Killeen. Coryell County Oglesby 17 1017CST 0.1 20 0 0 50K Tornado (F2) Two brick homes were destroyed and large trees were uprooted when a narrow tornado touched down briefly. Navarro County 2 S Richland 17 1055CST 0.1 10 0 0 Tornado (F0) A narrow, short lived tornado was reported by the Sheriff's Office. No damage was reported. Mclennan County Crawford 17 1100CST 0 0 Flash Flood 1510CST Several roads in and near Crawford were flooded and closed due to thunderstorm rains. Kaufman County Kaufman 17 1155CST 0 0 Flash Flood Highway 175, 8 miles southeast of Kaufman, was flooded. Highway 148 and County Road 4061, as well as several surrounding roads, were flooded. Van Zandt County Wills Pt 17 1214CST 0 0 Flash Flood Thunderstorms produced rains that flooded roads and low lying areas.

8579 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm TEXAS, North Hill County Brandon 17 1225CST 0.1 10 0 0 Tornado (F0) A narrow, short lived tornado touched down. No damage was reported. Kaufman County Elmo 17 1325CST 0 0 Flash Flood High water was reported on Highway 80. Hunt County Lake Tawakoni 17 1400CST 0 0 Flash Flood County roads were flooded near the lake. Rains County 10 W Emory 17 1400CST 0 0 Flash Flood Heavy rains flooded county roads on the east side of Lake Tawakoni. Navarro County 5 S Corsicana 17 1405CST 0 0 Flash Flood Several county roads were flooded. Navarro County 3 E Roane 17 1405CST 0 0 Flash Flood County Road 2050 was flooded. Bell County Belton 17 1607CST 0 0 Flash Flood Approximately 50 persons were evacuated to a Red Cross shelter due to flooding. Robertson County Calvert 17 1645CST 0 0 Flash Flood Farm Market Road 1640 was flooded near Calvert and in Franklin. Delta County Cooper 17 1655CST 0 0 Flash Flood Water covered several roads in Cooper. Milam County Rockdale 18 0630CST 0 0 Flash Flood Three persons were rescued from their home that was cut off by high water. Numerous county roads and farmlands were flooded through the morning of the 20th due to over 6 inches of rain that fell on the 17th and 18th.. TEXAS, North Panhandle TXZ001>020 Dallam - Sherman - Hansford - Ochiltree - Lipscomb - Hartley - Moore - Hutchinson - Roberts - Hemphill - 01 0000CST 0 0 135M Drought 31 2359CST A moderate drought continued through October across the Texas panhandle. Losses from summer grains, cotton, peanuts, and soybeans was estimated at one hundred and twenty-five million dollars with an additional loss of ten million dollars from fall grazing. Economic multipliers result in loss to the areas total economy of over four hundred million dollars. Randall County 12 NE Canyon to 27 1915CST 1 300 0 0 75K Tornado (F1) 13 NE Canyon 1918CST A tornado touched down briefly in the Lake Tanglewood area of northeastern Randall county. The tornado was associated with a strong line of thunderstorms which moved across the Texas panhandle during the evening hours. The path length and width were made following a storm survey of the area. Hartley County Channing 30 1738CST 0 0 Hail (1.00) 1747CST Randall County Ogg 30 1956CST 0 0 Hail (1.75) Randall County 3 S Canyon 30 2006CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Randall County 1 S Canyon to 30 2016CST 0 0 Flash Flood Canyon 2314CST

8680 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm TEXAS, North Panhandle Interstate 27 and U.S. Highway 87 were closed due to high water from just north of Canyon to the southern end of Randall county . State Highway 217 was also closed east from Canyon as it was four feet under water. Deaf Smith County Hereford to 30 2135CST 0 0 Flash Flood 1 S Hereford Three to four feet of water covering the roads in Hereford due to the Tierra Blanca Creek over-flowing. Also, numerous houses flooded in San Jose in southern Hereford as they are in a playa lake. Numerous thunderstorms producing very heavy rainfall resulting in flooding of streets and creeks along with hail moved slowly across the western and southern Texas panhandle during the evening hours. TXZ018 Armstrong 31 0025CST 0 0 Flood 0032CST Recent heavy rainfall caused the Prarie Dog Town Fork of the Red River thirteen miles northeast of Wayside to rise to ten and six hundredths feet which is just above the flood stage of ten feet as reported by the U.S. Geological Survey gage. TEXAS, Northeast Titus County Talco 02 2040CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G60) Trees and powerlines down. Morris County Naples 02 2130CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G60) Numerous powerlines toppled. Wood County 2 N Quitman 02 2205CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G61) Numerous trees down. Wood County 2 N Quitman 02 2205CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Wood County 1 E Quitman 02 2210CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G52) Numerous trees down along FM2966. Upshur County Big Sandy 02 2235CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G52) Trees and powerlines toppled along Hwy 80. Upshur County 5 NE Gilmer 02 2240CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G52) Trees and powerlines toppled along Hwy 155. Harrison County Harleton 02 2306CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G55) Numerous trees down in town. Harrison County 1 S Karnack 02 2316CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G55) Numerous trees toppled along Hwy 43. Harrison County 3 N Marshall 02 2316CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G52) Numerous trees toppled along Loop 390. Marion County Smithland 02 2330CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G52) Numerous trees down along Hwy 49. Gregg County Longview 06 0400CST 0 0 Flash Flood Severe urban flooding with several underpasses flooded by two to three feet of water. Rusk County 4 N Overton 06 0600CST 0 0 Flash Flood Automobile washed off county road 1639. Driver was rescued unhurt. Angelina County Lufkin 18 0650CST 0 0 Flash Flood

8781 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm TEXAS, Northeast FM 819 closed between Sandy Drive and Daniel MC Call due to high water. TEXAS, South Willacy County La Sara 13 0730CST 0 0 Flash Flood 0930CST Highway 1015 closed due to high water. Hidalgo County Mercedes 13 0930CST 0 0 Heavy Rain 1130CST Three to six inches of rain reported between Donna and La Feria. Starr County Rio Grande City 18 1500CST 0 0 35K Flash Flood 1900CST Widespread street flooding. Fifty houses damaged by high water, mainly in the Las Lomas and Chaparral Subdivisions. TEXAS, South Central Bandera County Countywide 01 2130CST 0 0 10K 0 Flash Flood 02 0030CST Medina County Northwest Portion 01 2200CST 0 0 5K 0 Flash Flood 2330CST Kerr County Countywide 02 0400CST 0 0 10K 0 Flash Flood 0600CST Scattered showers and thunderstorms formed late in the evening of October 1st, moving slowly northward and continuing to reform between the towns of Hondo, Medina and Bandera. The most consistent rainfall remained over northwest Medina County and much of Bandera County through the early morning hours, then began to spread northward across Kerr and Gillespie Counties. General rainfall of 1 to 2 inches fell from northwestern Medina County into much of Bandera and Kerr Counties as well as western Gillespie County. The heaviest amounts reported were 6 inches in central Bandera County, 5 inches in northwest Medina County, and 5 inches in central Kerr County. Numerous county roads and streets were under water. Val Verde County Laughlin Afb 05 2300CST 0 0 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G51) 2302CST Bexar County Countywide 17 0530CST 11 600 8M 100K Flood 18 1000CST M37VE, M31VE, M55VE, M67VE, F79VE, F65VE, M47VE, F20VE, F1VE, F30VE, F31VE Comal County Countywide 17 0545CST 2 800 50M 50K Flood 18 1200CST M6VE, M77VE Blanco County Countywide 17 0700CST 0 0 50K 50K Flash Flood 18 0300CST Hays County Countywide 17 0730CST 0 100 500K 50K Flood 18 1000CST Williamson County Countywide 17 0800CST 0 0 50K 10K Flood 18 0800CST Travis County Countywide 17 0830CST 1 50 1.5M 100K Flash Flood 18 0800CST F8VE Bastrop County Countywide 17 1000CST 0 100 3M 100K Flood 18 0800CST

8882 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm TEXAS, South Central Caldwell County Countywide 17 1000CST 6 500 20M 100K Flood 18 1200CST F10VE, M71PH, F67PH, M7VE, F60VE, M71VE Guadalupe County Countywide 17 1030CST 4 500 5M 100K Flood 18 1200CST M71PH, M22VE, M75VE, M76VE Burnet County Countywide 17 1200CST 0 0 10K 0 Flash Flood 18 0400CST Kendall County Countywide 17 1200CST 0 10 50K 50K Flash Flood 18 0500CST Fayette County Countywide 17 1530CST 0 10 300K 200K Flood 18 0500CST Gonzales County Countywide 17 1600CST 0 30 500K 200K Flood 18 1000CST Lee County Countywide 17 1800CST 0 0 20K 20K Flash Flood 18 0500CST Lavaca County Countywide 17 1900CST 0 50 2M 100K Flood 18 1000CST De Witt County Countywide 17 1930CST 0 50 50K 1M Flood 18 1000CST Gillespie County Countywide 17 2230CST 0 0 10K 10K Flash Flood 18 0100CST Medina County East Portion 17 2300CST 0 0 20K 50K Flash Flood 18 0500CST Uvalde County Countywide 17 2300CST 1 0 10K 10K Flash Flood 18 0400CST M24VE Bandera County East Portion 18 0030CST 0 0 30K 0 Flash Flood 0900CST Karnes County Countywide 18 0400CST 0 50 100K 100K Flood 1000CST Atascosa County Countywide 18 0430CST 0 0 50K 100K Flash Flood 1000CST Kerr County East Portion 18 0500CST 0 0 20K 50K Flash Flood 0700CST Wilson County Countywide 18 0500CST 0 100 35M 100K Flood 1500CST De Witt County Countywide 18 2130CST 0 500 5M 1M Flood 19 0500CST

8983 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm TEXAS, South Central Karnes County Countywide 18 2130CST 0 70 200K 200K Flood 19 0500CST Gonzales County Countywide 18 2200CST 0 500 500K 200K Flood 19 0300CST Lavaca County Countywide 18 2330CST 0 300 3M 500K Flood 19 0500CST The Great October Flood

In advance of a very slow-moving upper level trough of low pressure over West Texas, a cold front drifted slowly southeastward into West Central Texas during the evening of Friday, October 16th. Deep moisture was in place across South Central Texas as the two systems approached, being fed at the mid and upper levels by two nearly stationary hurricanes, Madeline near the tip of Baja Mexico, and Lester, anchored just off Acapulco, Mexico, and in the low levels by a strong flow from the Gulf of Mexico. A very moisture-rich environment was in place across South Central Texas as the event developed. Near 3 am CST, with the cold front still west of San Angelo, scattered showers and thunderstorms began to break out over Bexar County beneath the mid and upper level moisture plume. They quickly became widespread as a low level rain-cooled boundary formed along the south and east edge of the county. It was upon this boundary that subsequent showers and thunderstorms continued to form. By 6 am CST, rainfall of up to 4 inches had been reported in Western Bexar County, with amounts approaching 4 inches in Western Comal County. By 8 am CST that morning, heavy rain continued over Bexar County, and had spread northward across Comal County into Hays, Travis and Williamson Counties. Amounts at this time were approaching 8 inches in Bexar and Comal Counties and 4 inches in Hays and Travis Counties. The heavy rain continued through the morning period.

Shortly before noon on Saturday, heavy rain began to spread eastward into Guadalupe, Caldwell, Bastrop and Lee Counties. Through the mid afternoon, moderate to heavy rain continued between San Antonio and Austin, with widespread heavy rain over Comal, Hays, Caldwell, Guadalupe and Gonzales Counties. By 5 pm CST, the strongest low level flow had also shifted eastward, focusing the heaviest rainfall through the evening period over the area from LaGrange to Gonzales to Karnes City to Cuero and Hallettsville.

By midnight, heavy rain had exited the Cuero-Hallettsville area, and moderate rain had again broken out over Bexar and Comal Counties. The activity spread westward through the early morning hours on Sunday to Hondo and Uvalde and northwestward into the Hill Country. At the same time, moderate to heavy rain also redeveloped along and north of a line from San Antonio to Gonzales to LaGrange. By late Sunday morning, the cold front moved through South Central Texas, and had slowed and stalled as it approached the Lower Texas Coast. Spotty heavy rainfall continued in the wake of the front between San Antonio, Burnet and Bastrop as another weak upper level disturbance in the southwesterly flow aloft approached. Heavy rain also developed along the front, just north of Laredo and along the coastal plains from Corpus Christi to Victoria. Even though rainfall amounts in the San Antonio to New Braunfels to San Marcos to Austin corridor were generally below 2 inches on Sunday, soils remained saturated from the previous day's deluge and periods of flash flooding were reported through the mid morning.

By Sunday afternoon, rain had diminished in the San Antonio to Austin corridor, while clouds, rain and frequent showers continued east of the area. Thereafter, rainfall was generally along and east of a LaGrange-Gonzales-Karnes City line, where an additional 3 to 5 inches of rain fell on Sunday and 2 to 4 inches fell on Monday. Only scattered light rain was reported on Tuesday and Wednesday, the 20th and 21st of October.

All rivers, creeks and streams along and east of a San Antonio to Austin line remained at or above flood stage from Saturday, October 17th through Sunday, October 18th, with a majority continuing to flood through Monday, October 19th. On Tuesday, October 20th and Wednesday, October 21st,flooding was confined to rivers, streams and creeks along and east of a LaGrange-Gonzales-Karnes City line.

This event broke rainfall records across South Central Texas, producing 18 floods of record in South Central Texas streams. October became the wettest of any month in climate records for San Antonio since 1885. October 17th became the wettest day and wettest 24-hour period in San Antonio climatic records, nearly doubling both previous records. Rivers across the area reached or exceeded record stage heights, resulting in widespread flooding in the flood plains of streams, creeks and rivers. Rainfall amounts on October 17 and 18th from northern Bexar County to southeast Kendall County, most of Comal County and southern Hays County ranged from 15 to 22 inches. Damage and destruction to livestock and agriculture, roads and bridges and both public and property and buildings significantly exceeded that of previous flooding. Thousands to tens of thousands of livestock were killed, as nearly 3000 homes were destroyed and another 8000 or so homes were damaged. Nearly 1000 mobile homes were destroyed and another 3000 were damaged.

Twenty-five people drowned as a direct result of the flooding in October in South Central Texas. All nine deaths in Bexar County on Saturday, as well as the two on Sunday, were associated with driving vehicles into flooded waters. Four of the six Caldwell County

9084 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm TEXAS, South Central deaths, two of the three Guadalupe County deaths, and all of the four deaths in Comal, Travis and Uvalde County were associated with vehicles as well. Two deaths in Caldwell County and one in Guadalupe County occurred as residents were swept by flood waters from their homes. In addition, one man in Comal County suffered a heart attack and died waiting to be rescued and another died of a heart attack while being rescued. A third man in Guadalupe County accidently touched a live wire while in his boat. He was severely shocked and died from drowning as a result of the shock.

TXZ205-207- Bexar - Guadalupe - Wilson - Karnes 17 0800CST 0 550 66M 230K Flood 20 1200CST In Bexar County, the San Antonio River begins just below Olmos Dam where it merges with spring flow. Two new flood tunnels on the San Antonio River and Apache Creek respectively saved downtown San Antonio and homes and businesses below Brackenridge Golf Course to the old Lone Star Brewery from very serious flooding. At Loop 410 in San Antonio, the San Antonio River crested at 36.2 feet, where flood stage is 20 feet. Several homes just below Loop 410 had 10 feet of water over the slabs. At Elmendorf, the San Antonio crested at 64.6 feet, with flood stage at 35 feet. Flow escaped out of the deep canyon of the channel and flowed over the prevailing very flat flood plain, severely flooding homes. In Wilson County at Floresville, the San Antonio flooded several houses, but residential flooding was not nearly as severe as other areas. In Karnes County near Falls City, the gauge flooded early in the event as the San Antonio flooded five homes in the southwest section of the city.

In Bexar County, Cibolo Creek at Selma was gauged at 22' and rising, with flood stage at 17 feet. At Schertz, the crest was well above the 26 foot crest of June 22, 1997. Here the flood stage is at 13 feet. This crest in excess of 30 feet put over 17 feet of water above the tops of mobile homes. Mobile homes were floating like boats, and moved downstream until they hit something permanent.. Farther up on the right flood plain, another community of mobile homes, permanent homes, and RVs were completely destroyed, moving downstream until they encountered something. Many homes above the city park, upstream, left bank from the Highway 78 bridge flooded. The railroad bridge trestle had water just to the tracks. Downstream, in Wilson County, near Lavernia, Cibolo Creek produced a sheet flow that surged over the flood plain in an area well over a mile wide and up to six feet deep. Many homes were flooded in this area. Lavernia volunteer firemen performed rescues in fire trucks where they could, then commandeered high powered boats. The boats were destroyed in the rescue attempts. Several businesses in Lavernia were flooded. At one point, a fire truck stalled in Lavernia for hours until the firemen themselves could be rescued. Downstream, below Sutherland Springs, Highway 87 was flooded with several feet of water for miles. Debris formed dams in the trees beside the highway as a mute testimony to remnants of houses, boats, cars, and items that flowed across the road. At Falls City in Karnes County, the Cibolo Creek crested at 39.9 feet, where flood stage is 20 feet. It accounted for a very heavy loss of livestock.

Geronimo Creek in Guadalupe County put several feet of water into homes in Geronimo, just east of Highway 123 below the bridge. In Seguin, Geronimo Creek crested near 26 feet, below Highway 90A, flooding many homes severely. The lowest home about 1/4 mile below Highway 90A, has a slab at 15 gauge height, and had water on the roof. Flow was over the Highway 90A bridge, and estimated near 26 feet. TXZ205 Bexar 17 0800CST 0 100 8M 80K Flood 20 1200CST The Medina River in Bexar County produced moderate lowland flooding from above Lacoste to above the San Antonio gauge at Highway 281. At Highway 281, it crested at 49.5 feet, where flood stage is 16 feet. The new Dos Rios sewerage plant had several feet of water in it. Several homes also flooded downstream near Losoya. Flooded continued along the Medina until early Monday morning in the Somerset area.

At Dresden Drive in San Antonio, Olmos Creek flooded numerous homes above Loop 410 near Lockhill-Selma Street. Downstream, the McAllister Freeway flooded above Olmos Dam. The bottom of the pool is 680 feet, the freeway begins flooding at 713 feet, and water goes through the emergency spillway at 728 feet. The freeway had about seven feet of water over it, and flooded several days.

Flooding in western Bexar County along Leon Creek resulted in a rise estimated at near 23 feet (the gauge flooded early) with major flooding in the plain. Water was up to 3 feet deep in the jet engine test facility at Kelly AFB. Water covered Westover Bridge and washed away many trailers and mobile homes in the Camargo Park area.. Helotes Creek, also in western Bexar County, rose to near 7 feet, flooding several secondary roads, low bridges and crossing from the headwaters to Braun Road.

Also in Bexar County, Salado Creek at NE Loop 410 rose through 21.1 feet, where flood stage is 12 feet, producing flow was over the railings of Loop 410. The Los Patios Shopping Center which had never flooded before had four feet of water in it, and some of the structures washed downstream. A campground downstream above IH 10 on Gembler Road flooded horribly. RV trailers and permanent log cabins were strewn about like so many wads of paper over most of the campground. Numerous homes were flooded all along Salado Creek near the flood plain from below Loop 1604 to the San Antonio River confluence. At SE Loop 13, the gauge flooded while rising through 32.0 feet. Here, flood stage is 18 feet. The Wheatley area near South Cross Street and Pecan Valley was devastated, with many houses destroyed or severely damaged.

9185 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm TEXAS, South Central TXZ173 Williamson 17 1000CST 0 0 30K 10K Flood 18 1500CST Berry Creek crested at 12.3' at IH 35 near Georgetown, flood stage 11 feet, causing moderate lowland flooding, but with no reports of significant damage. The South Fork of the San Gabriel River at IH 35 at Georgetown crested at 16.7', flood stage 13 feet, causing moderate lowland flooding. Much of the secondary roads and low bridges were flooded at City Park in Georgetown. There were no reports of structural flooding. TXZ192 Travis 17 1000CST 0 50 1M 50K Flood 18 1500CST Shoal Creek at W 12th Street in Austin crested at 15.4 feet. This level flooded several businesses downstream up to two feet, and put nearly feet of water over Shoal Creek Boulevard just above W 12th Street. Flow reached to the Lamar Street Bridge, close to flooding many businesses near W 6th Street. Williamson Creek at Oak Hill on Highway 290 W crested at 6.8 feet at 11 AM 10/17, flooding businesses in the shopping mall. Onion Creek crested at 24.9 feet, with flood stage 7 feet. This produced 19 feet of flow over the FM 150 bridge near Driftwood and put two feet water into several mobile homes. The William Cannon Drive bridge floor had near 20 feet of flow over it. At Highway 183, Onion Creek crested at 32.0 feet, where flood stage is 20 feet. Walnut Creek crested just above 25 feet, causing minor flooding.

TXZ193-209 Bastrop - Fayette 17 1000CST 0 15 8.2M 150K Flood 20 1800CST The Colorado River at Bastrop reached a crest of 32.3 feet, with flood stage 25 feet, flooding a golf course. At Smithville, the Colorado crested at 34.6 feet, where flood stage is 20 feet. Just upstream from Smithville, Pecan Shores Estates and Hidden Valley Estates experienced severely flooding. Numerous trailer homes floated downstream, and some permanent homes were nearly totally destroyed. At LaGrange, in Fayette County, the Colorado crested at 45.5 feet, with flood stage 32 feet The Frisch Auf community had water up to five feet deep in several homes. Several homes were flooded with up to three feet inside them. Numerous mobile homes had water under them. TXZ191 Hays 17 1000CST 0 25 4M 50K Flood 19 1800CST At Wimberley, the Blanco River crested at 26.7 feet, with flood stage at 13 feet. Several businesses in Wimberley were flooded. The worst flooding was along Cypress Creek, which may well have been produced as the Blanco River backed up into the Wimberley business district, and runoff coming down Cypress Creek. TXZ191-208-223 Hays - Caldwell - Gonzales 17 1000CST 0 125 62M 650K Flood 20 1800CST In Hays County, the flooding along the San Marcos River was most devastating to the eastern part of San Marcos, with many permanent homes flooded and several mobile homes washed from their sites, Homes and apartments were flooded along the San Marcos River on Riverside and Riviera Drives, along Purgatory Creek, and along Uhland and Post Roads.

Downstream in and near Martindale in Caldwell County, the San Marcos River flooded several subdivisions. At Luling, the river gauge appears to have hung at 38.7 feet and rising, where flood stage is 20 feet. In Luling, the golf course was completely inundated and in the nearby south section of Luling had several feet of water in them.

The San Marcos River at Palmetto State Park, in Gonzales County, had water was to the roof of the Pavillion Building, with some 12 feet of flow over the floor. The entire park except the headquarters buildings were under several feet of water. A very large Warm Springs Rehabilitation Hospital in Ottine, just across the street from the Palmetto State Park headquarters had nine feet of water in it. Four Black Hawk helicopters rescued patients from the hospital during the late evening hours Saturday night. TXZ206 Comal 17 1000CST 0 50 8M 100K Flood 19 1800CST At New Braunfels, the Comal River reached well above the flood stage of 15 feet, causing widespread flooding of homes in New Braunfels along Dry Comal Creek. Water rose to the roofs of some of the lowest homes. TXZ224 De Witt 17 1000CST 0 50 1M 50K Flood 18 1500CST Sandies Creek in Dewitt County crested at 28.6 feet, with flood stage at 21 feet. Flow just barely topped the two- foot high railing at the bridge near Westhoff.

9286 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm TEXAS, South Central TXZ206>207- Comal - Guadalupe - Gonzales - De Witt 17 1000CST 0 750 268M 1.6M Flood 21 1800CST The Guadalupe River at New Braunfels crested at 35.1 feet, with flood stage at 7 feet. This was over three feet higher than the disastrous flood of May 12, 1972. Homes were destroyed, moved downstream, or severely damaged from just below Sattler, near the Bear Creek confluence, across the remainder of the county. Homes along the entire reach were flooded well away from the channel, in areas that never flooded before. Along River Road, numerous autos, RVs, and homes were strewn along the flood plain. Recreational camps and outfitters headquarters buildings were destroyed. Homes near Common Street in New Braunfels had slabs as low as 12.5 feet. These homes had 23 feet of torrential flow over the slabs. At the New Braunfels gauge below the Comal River confluence just above IH 35, the Guadalupe crested at 39.3 feet, again some three feet above the disastrous flood of May 12, 1972. Water seeped into the Pepperell Mills plant. A large apartment complex left bank just downstream had flow through the windows of the lowest floors. Water was within five feet of the IH 35 bridge bottom. Below IH 35, fine two story homes were destroyed, or severely damaged. Several RV trailers were washed from an RV park below the IH 35 bridge.

As the Guadalupe continued southward into Guadalupe County, RVs and permanent homes on the banks were flooded all the way down Lake Dunlap and along Lake McQueeny, where the Las Brisas subdivision had very expensive, two story homes severely damaged. Treasure Island was almost completely under water, as again, nearly all the very expensive homes were flooded with several feet of water. The flooding was comprehensive over the entire flood plain below Sattler. In Seguin, some homes washed downstream in the right flood plain below Lake Placid. Also, as in the May 12, 1972 flood, some washed downstream in the Glen Cove subdivision.

In Gonzales, the Guadalupe crested at 51.7 feet, where flood stage is 31 feet. Flow was five feet over the sills of the windows of the old GBRA power plant. Flooding was several miles wide between Gonzales and the Guadalupe/San Marcos Rivers confluence. The city park was inundated with tens of feet of water in lower sections. Flow backed up Tinsley Creek and flooded homes miles into Gonzales.

The most extensive flooding along the Guadalupe River took place in DeWitt County. One DeWitt County rancher lost three hundred cattle, and another near 200. Total livestock losses in the flood probably exceeded well over ten thousand head. At Cuero, the Guadalupe crested at 49.8 feet, with flood stage at 20 feet. The flooding was devastating, with homes two miles east of the channel washed downstream along the west edge of the downtown area. Several homes were washed across Highway 87. One home washed over Highway 87, but was stopped as it smashed into a more permanent commercial building, and came to rest in the eastbound (downstream) lane of Highway 87. There were many city blocks where homes were washing downstream, reflecting the deep flow and its velocity. The flooding did not get into the downtown section, but just to the west edge. A narrow ridge between the channel and downtown appeared to be out of the water. The Guadalupe was reported to be between four and five miles wide just south of Cuero. At Thomaston, the Guadalupe flooded the county road over a mile away from the normal river channel. Undoubtedly, well over a hundred homes were flooded, with many going downstream. Flow was near 20 feet over the lowest slabs of the River Haven, Cypress Valley, and River Oaks subdivisions. TXZ208 Caldwell 17 1200CST 0 50 30M 50K Flood 19 1800CST Plum Creek at Lockhart crested at 22.2 feet, with flood stage at 15 feet. The Creek was reported to be near a mile wide, flooding Highway 183 near Lockhart. Bastrop County Elgin 17 1230CST 0.1 100 0 1 30K 0 Tornado (F1) 1231CST A very small and short-lived tornado struck briefly near Elgin. It destroyed a mobile home and knocked over several trees befor e lifting back into the parent thunderstorm. The only reported injury was to a baby in the mobile home. Bastrop County Elgin 17 1310CST 0.2 100 0 0 50K 0 Tornado (F1) 1312CST A second small, narrow and short-lived tornado was reported over thirty minutes after the first tornado. It also formed in the Elgin area and stayed on the ground about two minutes. It moved into a light residential area, destroying one home, then lifted up and dissipating. The family in the destroyed home took shelter in the bathroom, escaping injury. TXZ225 Lavaca 17 2200CST 0 5 200K 100K Flood 20 0200CST The Navidad River near Sublime at Highway 90A crested at 32.2 feet, with flood stage 24 feet, causing major flooding. Near Speaks at FM 530, the river rose to 28.5 feet, with the flood stage at 24 feet. At this location, the river was over a half mile wide. Flooding also occurred along the Lavaca River, which crested at 28.5 feet at Hallettsville. Flood stage here is at 29 feet. Flow reached within 6 inches of residential slabs in Hallettsville.

9387 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm TEXAS, South Central TXZ203 Uvalde 17 2300CST 0 0 20K 80K Flood 18 1000CST The Sabinal River crested at 14.7 feet Sunday morning, where flood stage is 12 feet, producing moderate lowland flooding from above Sabinal to the Frio River confluence. The Frio River crested at 15.9 feet Sunday morning near Uvalde, where flood stage is 12 feet. This resulted in minor lowland flooding. TEXAS, South Panhandle TXZ021>044 Parmer - Castro - Swisher - Briscoe - Hall - Childress - Bailey - Lamb - Hale - Floyd - Motley - Cottle - 01 0000CST 0 0 Drought 31 2300CST The long-term drought continued in October across the Texas South Plains. Additional information, including rough crop damage estimates, will be included in later months once the impact of the drought is better determined. Lamb County 5 ENE Earth 01 1455CST 0 0 0 25K Hail (1.00) Hale County Plainview 01 1504CST 0.2 10 0 0 10K 0 Tornado (F0) Hale County Plainview 01 1505CST 0 0 5K 0 Thunderstorm Wind Hale County 1 NE Plainview 01 1510CST 0 0 20K 0 Thunderstorm Wind Castro County 6 SW Hart 01 1520CST 0 0 0 50K Hail (1.75) Castro County Hart 01 1532CST 0 0 0 0 Hail (0.88) Briscoe County 6 W Silverton 01 1745CST 0 0 0 Hail (1.00) Hale County 4 N Cotton Center 01 2330CST 0 0 0 25K Hail (1.00) Hockley County 11 NW Levelland 01 2348CST 0 0 0 25K Hail (1.25) Hockley County 6 N Levelland 02 0100CST 0 0 5K 0 Thunderstorm Wind A strong cold front stalled and became nearly stationary over the northern part of the Texas South Plains. With an upper level low pressure system to the west and a warm, moist airmass in place, severe thunderstorms developed and affected Hale, Lamb, Castro, Briscoe, and Hockley Counties.

There were several reports of nickel- to golfball-sized hail in these counties, which led to thousands of dollars in damage to cotton crops. The most concentrated damage, however, occurred on the outskirts of north Plainview. The Plainview Police Department reported that a weak, brief tornado overturned a truck on Interstate 27. High winds associated with this storm damaged five mobile homes, several sheds/outbuildings, and numerous trees. Much later that night, wind damage occurred to a building north of Levelland in Hockley County. Parmer County 11 W Friona 30 1825CST 0 0 50K Hail (1.75) Castro County 12 WSW Dimmitt 30 1836CST 0 0 0 25K Hail (0.88) Parmer County 9 W Friona 30 1840CST 0 0 0 25K Hail (1.00) Castro County 7 N Dimmitt 30 1916CST 0.2 10 0 0 0 Tornado (F0) Castro County 5 N Dimmitt 31 1020CST 0 0 0 Hail (0.88) Castro County Northwest Portion 31 1200CST 0 0 Flash Flood 1300CST

9488 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm TEXAS, South Panhandle Several severe storms and isolated flash flooding occurred in the extreme southwest panhandle on the 30th and 31st. An upper level low pressure system, strong upper diffluence, rich low level moisture, and a stalled front combined to cause the severe weather.

The Castro County Sheriff's Office reported a brief, weak tornado north of Dimmitt. Otherwise, there were several instances of nickel- to golfball-sized hail reported in northwest Parmer County (near Rhea) and in Castro County. The hail damaged cotton crops in those areas. Additional storms on the morning of the 31st caused flash flooding in Castro County, when several FM roads were closed due to flooding. TEXAS, Southeast Jefferson County Beaumont 06 0830CST 0 0 20K Flash Flood 0930CST SKYWARN spotters reported numerous streets flooded across the Beaumont area. Rain totals were between 2.5 and 3.5 inches in 2 hours. Hardin County Sour Lake 18 0820CST 1 10 0 0 10K Tornado (F0) A small tornado touched down in Sour Lake, destroying a dugout at the ball field and blowing down some trees. Reported by the Hardin County Sheriff Department. Orange County 3 N Vidor 18 0923CST 1 10 0 0 100K Tornado (F0) A small tornado briefly touched down north of Vidor, in the Pine Forest community. Numerous trees were blown down, and some landed on cars and homes. Jasper County Gist 18 1002CST 1 10 0 0 25K Tornado (F0) Some trees were blown down in the Gist area due to a tornado. Eyewitnesses saw a funnel coud moving over the woods, sometimes touching down and doing damage to trees. Orange County Mauriceville 18 1030CST 1 10 0 0 50K Tornado (F0) A small tornado touched down just north of Mauriceville, damaging a church and blowing some trees down. Jasper County Evadale 18 1100CST 0 0 20K Flash Flood 1400CST Over 5 inches of rain fell in the Evadale area, according to SKYWARN observers. Several streets were flooded. Orange County Bridge City 18 1600CST 0 0 20K Flash Flood 2000CST SKYWARN spotters recorded up to 5 inches of rain during the afternoon across Orange County, resulting in widespread flooding. 26 roads were closed across Orange County, and sandbags were passed out to residents in Bridge City. TEXAS, West TXZ045>048- Gaines - Dawson - Borden - Scurry - Andrews - Martin - Howard - Van Horn/Guadalupe Mountains Area - 01 0000CST 0 0 Drought 31 2359CST Drought conditions continued in Southwest Texas and Southeast New Mexico. Agricultural losses will be great but will not be included until the end of the harvest when totals are calculated. October was the wettest month for 1998 across much of the region with most stations reporting more than 1 inch of rain and many reporting over 2 inches. However, the effects of the drought were still being felt across the region. Terrell County 28 NNE Dryden 05 1805CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Terrell County Sanderson 05 1840CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) During the late afternoon, elevated thunderstorms developed north of a slow moving cold front and tracked off to the northeast. These storms produced several reports of small hail. Culberson County 8 S Van Horn 27 1615CST 0 0 Hail (1.75) This storm entered southern Culberson County from extreme southern Hudspeth County. Golfball size hail fell on U.S. Highway 90 south of Van Horn.

9589 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm TEXAS, West Reeves County Orla 27 1635CST 0 0 1K Hail (1.25) This storm broke out windows at the Orla Post Office before going on to produce a tornado to the northeast of Orla. Reeves County 6 NE Orla to 27 1645CST 1 300 0 0 Tornado (F1) 7 NE Orla 1650CST A spotter reported to Emergency Management Officials that a large tornado formed northeast of Orla and lasted about 5-6 minutes. This storm was a right-moving supercell that had persisted for over two hours. No damage was reported as the tornado was over open country. Winkler County 3 NW Wink 27 1820CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G53) The observer at the Winkler County Airport recorded a 53 knot (61 mph) gust. Ward County Pyote 27 1845CST 0 0 Hail (1.25) 1850CST Winkler County Countywide 27 1900CST 0 0 Flash Flood 2000CST The Orla storm continued to move to the east and began to cause heavy rains. Many county roads across the county became flooded. Crane County Crane 27 2110CST 0 0 Hail (1.50) This storm developed on the south flank of the storm that went through Culberson, Reeves, and Winkler Counties. This storm took about a 290 degree track while the storm to the north moved at about 270 degrees. Andrews County 25 WNW Andrews 27 1745CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) This storm had a long history of severe weather while crossing Southeast New Mexico. The storm quickly moved through the northwestern corner of Andrews County, then moved into southern Gaines County where it eventually weakened. Low-level moisture and moderate to strong dynamics came together for a minor outbreak of severe weather on this afternoon and evening. At the surface a slowly moving cold front acted as a focus, while a strongly difluent flow in the upper levels helped to intensify storms. CAPE values were around 1500 J/kg with SRH values near 150 m2/s2. For a period in the late afternoon many storms were exhibiting rotation with several of these storms taking right turns. Reeves County 9 N Pecos 30 1505CST 0 0 Hail (1.75) 1528CST The hail was in a two mile wide swath that crossed US 285 and FM 1216 stripping bark and foilage from mesquite bushes. Reeves County 7 N Pecos 30 1515CST 3 100 0 0 Tornado (F0) A supercell storm north of Pecos produced a weak tornado that caused little if any damage. The tornado dissipated before the stor m passed into Ward county. Winkler County Wink 30 1615CST 0 0 Hail (1.75) Brewster County Alpine 30 1710CST 0 0 Hail (1.50) Brewster County Alpine 30 1743CST 0 0 Hail (1.00) Andrews County Andrews 30 2202CST 0 0 Hail (0.88) An upper level disturbance spinning ahead of a strong trough to the west supplied lift to an unstable air mass with surface temperatures in the 70s and CAPE values up to 2500 J/kg. Thunderstorms developed from late afternoon and continued throughout much of the night. There were a number reports of damaging wind and large hail, with a small tornado also observed. Howard County 8 S Big Spring 31 1639CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Glasscock County Garden City 31 1740CST 0 0 Hail (1.00) Reagan County 22 W Big Lake 31 1800CST 0 0 Hail (0.75)

9690 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm TEXAS, West A series of storms developed during the late afternoon ahead of a cold front in unusually warm moist air for late October. With a deep layer of shear, steepening lapse rates, and clearing ahead of the front, destabilization resulted in thunderstorm development which continued until late night when the storms moved east out of the area. Pecos County Iraan 31 1845CST 0 0 Flash Flood 2030CST Most roads in town were flooded including SH 349 four miles south of town. Terrell County 20 NNE Dryden 31 2110CST 0 0 2K Thunderstorm Wind A large isolated thunderstorm developed in central Brewster Country and tracked NE into Terrell County where it knocked down power lines. TEXAS, Western North

NOT RECEIVED. UTAH, North, Central and South Utah County Alpine 03 1900MST 0 1 100K Lightning Lightning sparked a fire and burned a barn to the ground in Alpine. A separate bolt struck the ham radio antenna of a NWS spotter in Alpine, destroying electronic equipment in his home. His neighbor was injured when the current from the bolt arced out from an outlet in her garage. UTZ008 Wasatch Mountains South Of I80 04 0500MST 0 0 0 0 Heavy Snow 1700MST A storm system brought heavy snow to the Wasatch Mountains of Northern Utah, with Alta receiving 20 inches, Brighton 14 inches, and Coalville 5 inches. Rich County Laketown 04 1200MST 0 0 0 0 Waterspout A spotter observed a waterspout on the Utah portion of Bear Lake. Utah County Lake Shr 04 1800MST 0 0 0 Funnel Cloud A spotter observed a funnel cloud over the northern portion of Utah Lake. UTZ004-008>010- Southern Wasatch Front/Lehi/Provo/Nephi - Wasatch Mountains South Of I80 - Western Unita Mountains - 15 1500MST 0 0 100K Winter Storm 16 1800MST A strong winter storm moved through Utah on the 15th and 16th. The heaviest snow fell in the southern half of the state. Cedar City, Parowan and Paragonah received 9-10 inches of snow, along with numerous reports of tree damages and power outages. The Hite Ranger Station reported washed out roads and culverts running full due to heavy rain. Brian Head ski resort reported 15 inches of snow, with 8 inches at Alta and 6 inches at Brighton. Washington County St George 15 1900MST 0 0 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind A spotter reported a 66 mph (57 kts) wind gust out of a severe thunderstorm. UTZ002 Northern Wasatch Front/Brigham City/Ogden Bountiful 20 0600MST 0 0 0 0 High Wind 2100MST A low pressure area centered over southern Utah brought easterly canyon winds to portions of the Wasatch Front. Winds gusted to 5 9 mph (51 kts) at Centerville, 57 mph (50 kts) on the Bountiful bench, and 46 mph (40 kts) at Hill AFB.

UTZ014-017 Sanpete/Sevier Valleys - Central And Southwest Mountains 24 1200MST 0 0 0 0 Heavy Snow 27 1200MST Another storm system affected mainly Southern Utah, with areas of heavy snow in the mountains. Brian Head received 14 inches, Blowhard Mountain 8 inches, and Duck Creek Village had 6 inches. Three day water totals included 3.20 inches at Cedar City, 2.57 inches at Duck Creek Village, 2.30 inches at Monticello, and 1.85 inches at Blanding. UTZ004 Southern Wasatch Front/Lehi/Provo/Nephi 27 0600MST 0 0 0 High Wind Gusty easterly canyon winds in Utah county with 50 mph (43 kts) gust at Provo (BYU).

9791 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm UTAH, North, Central and South San Juan County Bluff 30 1500MST 0 0 0 0 Heavy Rain 1515MST A thunderstorm produced brief heavy rain in Bluff, with 0.50 inches falling in 15 minutes. This produced some minor street flooding. UTAH, Northeast

NONE REPORTED. VERMONT, North and Central VTZ007 Caledonia 01 1400EST 0 0 100K High Wind 1800EST A strong cold front moved across Vermont during the late morning and afternoon of October 1st. Strong gusty winds followed this front as low pressure moved into eastern Canada. Trees were blown down on to wires in the Peacham and St. Johnsbury areas with over 1000 people without power for a time. Power in Peacham went out around 3 PM EDT (2 PM EST). A metal roof was ripped off a building in Lyndon, VT around 4 PM EDT (3 PM EST). VTZ003 Orleans 01 1400EST 0 0 10K High Wind 1800EST A cold front moved across Vermont during the late morning and afternoon of October 1st. Strong gusty winds followed the front as an area of low pressure moved through eastern Canada. Trees were blown down on power lines in and around the town of Orleans. VERMONT, South VTZ014 Windham 01 1000EST 0 0 10K High Wind A strong cold front moved across southern Vermont during the middle of the day. The front produced gusty winds strong enough to bring down powerlines. VIRGIN ISLANDS St. Croix County Countywide 22 1100AST 0 0 100K Flash Flood 23 0200AST A slow moving tropical wave produced heavy rains across most of St. Croix. Flooding of streets and low lying areas was observed in Frederiksted and the Princess and Whim sectors. Several homes were reported flooded in the western half of the island. St. Croix County Countywide 28 1400AST 0 0 50K Flash Flood 2200AST St. Thomas County Countywide 28 1400AST 0 0 50K Flash Flood 2200AST Heavy rains caused flash flooding across St. Thomas and St. Croix with some roads flooded and several vehicles stalled on the water. A store in St.. Thomas and a house in St. Croix flooded and the residents had to move out. VIRGINIA, East VAZ048>049- Fluvanna - Louisa - Prince Edward - Cumberland - Goochland - Hanover - Caroline - Nottoway - Amelia - 01 0000EST 0 0 38.8M Drought 31 2359EST A very dry period from July through October resulted in drought-like conditions across much of the eastern piedmont and northern neck of Virginia. Monthly rainfall departures from normal for Richmond included: July/-2.66 inches, August/-2.50, September/0.56 inches, and October/-3.06 inches. This caused significant crop damage throughout much of the area which was estimated to be around $38.8 million. VIRGINIA, Extreme Southwest

NONE REPORTED. VIRGINIA, North VAZ021-025>031- Highland - Augusta - Rockingham - Shenandoah - Frederick - Page - Warren - Clarke - Nelson - Albemarle - 01 0000EST 0 0 Drought 31 2359EST

9892 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm VIRGINIA, North Persistent high pressure over the Southeast U.S. forced most rain producing low pressure centers to steer north of the region during the month. This resulted in unusually dry conditions across Northern Virginia, creating the fourth straight month of drought conditions. Only 0.59 inches of rain fell at Reagan National Airport in Arlington County during the month, 2.43 inches below normal. Only 1.50 inches of rain fell at Dulles Airport in Loudoun County, 1.70 inches below normal. Other monthly rainfall totals from affected counties included 1.1 inches in Frederick, 1.3 inches in Culpeper, 1.7 inches in Fauquier, 1.8 inches in Rappahannock and Augusta, 1.0 inches in Shenandoah and Prince William, 0.9 inches in Warren, and 1.2 inches in Fairfax, Nelson and Rockingham.

To put the severity of this drought in perspective, only one other year on record (1930) had ever come close to the lack of rainfall National Airport saw from July 1st to October 31st. The 4 month total at the airport was only 4.80 inches. According to records kept at the airport site, this October was the 2nd driest since the Civil War. Greene County had only 34% of its normal rainfall from July 1st to October 31st and Augusta County reported only 40% of normal rainfall for the same period. By October 31st, 77% of the water in the Ni Reservoir, main water supply in Spotsylvania County, was gone. The reservoir level was an unprecedented 55 inches below the spillway, and the county was forced to implement mandatory water restrictions and buy large amounts of water from the city of Fredericksburg. Many other communities across Northern Virginia instituted voluntary water restrictions.

The agricultural community continued to be hard hit by the persistent drought. By October 31st, 93% of topsoil moisture across the state was rated short or very short and 79% of pasture land was rated poor or very poor. Many farmers were feeding livestock at mid-winter levels. This was the worst year for farming across the state in at least two decades. Old time farmers in Fauquier County called it the worst drought since 1929. The Agriculture Department's damage estimates exceeded $56 million, attributed to low crop yields, damaged pasture land, and lack of winter livestock feed reserves. Over 20 Virginia counties applied for federal disaster relief.

In addition, a nearly unprecedented amount of forest and brush fires broke out across Northern Virginia. On October 29th, the Governor issued a proclamation banning open burning statewide. The Cumulative Severity Index (CSI), used to gauge fire hazard, averaged around 500 (out of a possible 800) across Northern Virginia through the month. The 10-year October state average for CSI is 300. The largest wildfire of the month occurred in the southern part of Shenandoah National Park. It burned over 1,000 acres and was the park's 2nd largest fire ever. Other fires were reported in and near the Thomas Jefferson and George Washington National Forests, mainly affecting Shenandoah, Rockingham, Nelson, and Augusta counties. Augusta County 7 NE Waynesboro 25 0000EST 0 0 40K Wild/Forest Fire Arpt 31 2359EST A wildfire, started by human activity, began on the 25th of October in Shenandoah National Park where timber and brush were extremely dry from the lack of rainfall. It began in the Riprap/Paine Run area between Grottes and Crimora, and by the 30th had spread to within 1/2 mile of residential structures in Harrison and within 2 miles of residential structures in Crimora. The fire closed the Riprap, Wildcat Ridge, Paine Run, and Trayfoot Mt. park trails for over a week. Flames were reported as high as 6 feet by the Virginia Department of Forestry. 300 fire fighters, 3 helicopters, and $900,000 were needed to bring the fire under control. The fire burned over 1,000 acres before being contained on November 6th and extinguished on November 13th. Nelson County 4 NW Lovingston 31 0000EST 0 0 6K Wild/Forest Fire 2359EST The Virginia Department of Forestry reported a fire on White Mountain in Central Nelson County that burned 250 acres. It was discovered on October 31st and was contained by November 3rd. The fire flared up again on November 4th and November 24th, requiring additional attention from fire fighters. VIRGINIA, Northwest

NONE REPORTED. VIRGINIA, Southwest VAZ007-009>020- Tazewell - Smyth - Bland - Giles - Wythe - Pulaski - Montgomery - Grayson - Carroll - Floyd - Craig - 01 0000EST 0 0 7.7M Drought 31 2359EST Dry conditions started in July, subsided in August, started again in September, and continued through October. In most areas, crops were damaged or destroyed before a killing frost occurred. Water levels in creeks, streams, rivers, and lakes were fairly low. Water levels in some shallow wells were low. WASHINGTON, Northeast

NONE REPORTED.

9993 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm WASHINGTON, Northwest

NONE REPORTED. WASHINGTON, Southeast

NOT RECEIVED. WASHINGTON, Southwest Clark County Minnehaha 03 1700PST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Pacific County Naselle 20 0000PST 0 0 0 10K Wild/Forest Fire 22 2300PST A slash fire near Naselle Washington got out of control and burned 100 acres before fire crews and cooler weather checked the fire. The 100 acre Bear Fire was west of Washington Highway 401 about 6 miles from Naselle. The glow of the fire was visible at nigh t as far away as Astoria, Oregon. WEST VIRGINIA, East WVZ048>055 Grant - Mineral - Hampshire - Morgan - Berkeley - Jefferson - Pendleton - Hardy 01 0000EST 0 0 Drought 31 2359EST Persistent high pressure over the Southeast U.S. forced most rain producing low pressure centers to steer north of the region during the month. This resulted in unusually dry conditions across Eastern West Virginia, causing the fourth straight month of drought conditions. October rainfall totals from affected counties included 0.5 inches in Pendleton, 1.3 inches in Mineral, 1.1 inches in Morgan, 0.7 inches in Berkeley, 0.9 inches in Hardy, and 1.0 inches in Hampshire, Jefferson, and Grant.

The agricultural community across Hampshire, Pendleton, and Hardy Counties continued to be hard hit by the persistent drought. By October 31st, 75% of topsoil moisture across the state was rated short or very short. Many farmers across Eastern West Virginia were feeding livestock at mid-winter levels. Late season crops such as wheat, rye, and barley were said to be almost non-existent in some areas. Substantially lowered crop yields from fall harvests, damaged pasture land, and lack of winter livestock feed reserves were all attributed to the lack of rainfall. WEST VIRGINIA, North

NONE REPORTED. WEST VIRGINIA, Southeast WVZ042>045 Mercer - Summers - Monroe - Greenbrier 01 0000EST 0 0 310K Drought 31 2359EST Dry conditions started in July, subsided in August, started again in September, and continued through October. In most areas, crops were damaged or destroyed before a killing frost occurred. Water levels in creeks, streams, rivers, and lakes were fairly low. Water levels in some shallow wells were low. WEST VIRGINIA, West WVZ011-019>020- Tyler - Ritchie - Doddridge - Logan - Mcdowell - Wyoming 01 0000EST 0 0 Monthly Rainfall 31 2300EST Two separate areas had only 0.80 to 1.5 inches of rain for the entire month. One was across the southern coal fields. The other region included parts of the Middle Island Creek and Hughes River basins. Preliminary amounts indicated only 0.85 inches at Cairo of Ritchie County and 0.94 inches at Man of Logan County.

The lack of rain from August into October left the headwaters of the Tug Fork River in McDowell County at record low flows by the 4th week of October. This included a stage of 2.2 feet at Welch. On the Dry Fork of the Tug, the level at Bradshaw reached 2.1 feet. Levels on many other headwater rivers were around a half foot above their record low stages. WVZ035>036 Raleigh - Fayette 17 1100EST 0 0 Record Heat 18 1800EST Afternoon high temperatures across the southern plateau reached the upper 70s. Oak Hill had 78 degrees both days. The Raleigh

10094 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm WEST VIRGINIA, West County Airport had 79 and 77 degrees respectively. This environment favored a large gathering over the New River Gorge at the annual Bridge Day near Fayetteville. WISCONSIN, Extreme Southwest

NONE REPORTED. WISCONSIN, Northeast

NONE REPORTED. WISCONSIN, Northwest

NONE REPORTED. WISCONSIN, Southeast

NONE REPORTED. WISCONSIN, Southwest

NONE REPORTED. WISCONSIN, West

NONE REPORTED. WYOMING, Central and West WYZ011 Wind River Mtns East 03 0100MST 0 0 Heavy Snow 04 1100MST Two feet of snow fell at and above 9000 feet. WYZ028 East Johnson 04 1600MST 0 0 High Wind (G60) 05 1500MST Strong gradient associated with a deep low pressure center over South Dakota caused winds gusting to near 70 mph in the Buffalo area. WYZ001-008- Yellowstone National Park Mt Id - Owl Creek Mountains - Green Mountains - Natrona 15 2100MST 0 0 1M Winter Storm 17 0600MST A severe winter storm moved across Western and Central Wyoming dumping locally heavy snow from southern Yellowstone National Park to the Casper area. The main brunt of the storm was felt in the Casper area where up to 17 inches of snow fell. Strong winds accompanied the heavy snow causing widespread tree damage and power outages. Poor visibilities and icy road conditions caused numerous vehicle accidents. WYOMING, Extreme Southwest

NONE REPORTED. WYOMING, North Central

NONE REPORTED.

10195 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated October 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm WYOMING, Northeast WYZ057 Wyoming Black Hills 04 1300MST 0 0 Heavy Snow 05 1600MST Ten to 20 inches of snow fell over the Black Hills. WYZ057 Wyoming Black Hills 16 1700MST 0 0 Heavy Snow 17 0700MST Six to eight inches of snow fell over the Black Hills. WYOMING, Southeast WYZ059>060-066 Converse - Niobrara - Laramie Range 04 1900MST 0 0 225K 0 Blizzard 05 1030MST 8 to 12 inches of heavy, wet snow fell across eastern Converse County and Niobrara County. The heavy snow downed trees and power lines. Ice build up was up to 6 inches around many power lines. The build up of ice around the power lines along with 40 mph winds, caused 200 power poles to snap. 4000 people were without power for up to 5 days in the Lusk, Manville, Van Tassle, and Lance Creek areas.. Interstate 80 between Cheyenne and Laramie was closed due to near zero visibilities. WYZ062-066 North Carbon - Laramie Range 05 0400MST 0 0 0 0 Blizzard 2330MST Law enforcement officials reported that the summit of Interstate 80 and Highway 210 were closed due to whiteout conditions at th e higher elevations of these roads. The town of Bufford also had whiteout conditions. WYZ068-070 Goshen - Pine Bluffs 05 1030MST 0 0 0.50K 0 High Wind (G58) 1450MST High winds occurred across the southeast plains of Wyoming. A window was blown out in a business in downtown Cheyenne. WYZ062 North Carbon 16 0330MST 0 0 0 0 Winter Storm 1040MST A winter storm dumped up to 15 inches of snow in the Snowy Range.

10296 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm ADDITIONS/CORRECTIONS CALIFORNIA, North Central Shasta County Countywide 01 0800PST 0 0 Urban/Sml Stream Fld 1900PST Heavy rains (for example, 1.00 inch of rain measured at Redding Municipal Airport) caused minor flooding along Montgomery and Clover Creeks in Shasta County. The waters blocked some urban streets and threatened several homes. Several trees toppled over as well. CAZ013>019-063>064- Shasta Lake/North Shasta County - Burney Basin/Eastern Shasta County - Northern Sacramento Valley - 066>067 Central Sacramento Valley - Southern Sacramento Valley - Carquinez Strait And Delta - Northern San Joaquin Valley - Mountains Southwest Shasta County To Northern Lake County - Clear Lake/Southern Lake County - Northeast Foothills/Sacramento Valley - Motherlode/Camptonville To Goverland 02 0100PST 0 0 Flood 28 2359PST Northern interior California was subjected to a major flooding event during the month. A series of storms laden with subtropical moisture pushed across the entire state. Statewide, damage estimates were in the 1 billion dollar range. Damage estimates, when available, are included in the flood entries that follow. All deaths that occurred are also included in the flood entries that follow. Crop losses were expected to be enormous, as the saturated conditions delayed planting, encouraged different diseases, and expanded the pest populations. The heaviest rain days of the month were the 2nd and 3rd (for example, 2.96 inches in downtown Sacramento), with the flooding being aggravated by significant rains on the 6th, 14th, 19th, 21st, and 23rd. Clear Lake, the largest natural lake completely contained in California, set an all-time record level on the 23rd. It was mainly the flattest regions in the Sacramento and Northern San Joaquin Valleys and the Sacramento--San Joaquin delta that had the most problems when the water could not drain fast enough. CAZ064 Clear Lake/Southern Lake County 02 0100PST 0 0 15M Flood 28 2359PST The Clear Lake region of Lake County was hit hard by flooding. Clear Lake is a very slow--draining natural lake (on a day with no rainfall, the lake drains at about the rate of 1 inch per 24 hours when at these reported levels). 500 residents in the town of Clearlake Oaks were evacuated and kept from their homes for weeks. This town alone suffered $5 million of the damage recorded above. The town of Lakeport had 60 homes flooded. Rainfall rates of 4 inches in 6 hours were observed during the 2nd and 3rd. Clear Lake reached all--time record levels on the 23rd, 2.5 feet above flood stage. The flooding continued into March and April. The main transportation artery through the county, State Route 20, was closed for weeks. CAZ017>019 Southern Sacramento Valley - Carquinez Strait And Delta - Northern San Joaquin Valley 02 0200PST 2 0 4.3M 7.8M Flood 28 2359PST The following stages occurred in the lower Sacramento River system:

Location: Period(s) above flood stage: Maximum Crest/Date: Cache Creek at Rumsey 2nd--3rd 2.2 feet above flood stage/3rd

The following stages occurred in the lower San Joaquin River system:

Location: Period(s) above flood stage: Maximum Crest/Date: Tuolumne River at Modesto 4th 1.6 feet above flood stage/4th Mokelumne River at Benson's Ferry 4th--5th 0.6 feet above flood stage/4th Consumnes River at Michigan Bar 3rd 1.2 feet above flood stage/3rd Consumnes River at McConnell 3rd--4th 0.6 feet above flood stage/4th

Damage estimates are only from the following counties that had information available: San Joaquin, Stanislaus, and Yolo.

In Yolo County, Cache Creek overflowed into some homes in the town of Woodland. Runoff from the Colusa Back Basin Drain backed up and flowed into the county. The resultant flooding cut off all access to the towns of Knights Landing and Zamora, flooding out 3 homes in Zamora.

In Sacramento County, the Consumnes River threatened the town of Wilton, where levees broken by the January, 1997, flooding had not been repaired. Fortunately, flooding impact was minor.

In Placer County, 4 homes in the city of Roseville and 1 home in the town of Granite Bay were inundation the 3rd. Nearby Yuba

1031 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm ADDITIONS/CORRECTIONS CALIFORNIA, North Central County lost 900 feet of levee on the Bear River.

Solano County experienced significant damage. On the 2nd and 3rd, Interstate 80 near Fairfield was closed as floodwaters covered it to a depth of 15 inches. The first fatality mentioned occurred when a man attempted to cross flood waters on a bicycle. In the delta region, a number of islands protected by levees were endangered as the flows became heavy. Had the levees broken, this rich agricultural land would have been lost forever; since the levees were built, the land has subsided below sea level. Finally, in the city of Vallejo, 3 homes were lost to mud slides.

San Joaquin County also suffered greatly. Flooding on Corral Hollow Creek, failed levees, and overflowing irrigation ditches flooded 20 homes in the city of Tracy. The town of Patterson was cut off from the rest of the world as roads flooded. A total of 103 homes were flooded county--wide. Crop losses were expected to be great. The second death occurred south of Tracy when floodwaters swept away a man on a hunting trip near Hospital Creek, after his truck got stuck.

Preliminary estimates of crop losses for Stanislaus County alone total $3.5 million, while property damage was estimated at $2.5 million.

M49OU, M24OU CAZ067-069 Motherlode/Camptonville To Goverland - West Slope Northern Sierra Nevada 02 0600PST 0 0 Winter Storm 2300PST Snow accumulations of 12 to 18 inches at 5000 feet elevation, and 24 to 36 inches at even higher elevations, accompanied by strong winds, caused power outages and damaged one home in Amador county slightly. The heavy snows also temporarily closed U.S. Route 50 and Interstate 80.

CAZ015>016 Northern Sacramento Valley - Central Sacramento Valley 02 0900PST 0 0 20.8M 6.5M Flood 28 2359PST The following river stages were observed on the upper Sacramento River:

Location: Period(s) above flood stage: Max Crest/Date Occurred Red Bluff briefly on the 3rd 1.9 feet above flood stage/3rd Tehama Bridge 3rd -- 27th 8.2 feet above flood stage/3rd Woodson Bridge 3rd--4th, 6th--8th, 14th--15th, 19th--20th 6.0 feet above flood stage/3rd Hamilton City 3rd, 8th 2.5 feet above flood stage/3rd Ord Ferry 3rd--24th (occasionally went below) 4.2 feet above flood stage/4th

Heavy rains on the 2nd and 3rd shut down Interstate 5 and State Route 99 in Shasta and Tehama Counties. A mud slide on the 11th near Turntable Bay partially blocked Interstate 5 where it crosses the main body of Shasta Lake. The slide took weeks to clear.

In Tehama County, 70 percent of the city of Tehama was inundated on the 3rd. A levee on Antelope Creek broke, flooding the town of Dairyville. 70 homes were flooded to a depth of more than one foot , with another 130 homes also flooded.

Glenn County was one of the worst hit. In the town of Willows, raw sewage backed up in the northeast section of town. 100 homes were flooded. The $20 million in property damages is included in the estimate above, and the crop losses estimated above were all in Glenn County.

The towns of Colusa and Williams in Colusa County used extreme measures to save their towns by building a "berm" around their respective towns to protect them from the smaller creek drainages that were backing up as the Sacramento River surged. CAZ067 Motherlode/Camptonville To Goverland 03 0500PST 2 0 Flood 21 2359PST Flooding across portions of the Motherlode closed roads. Especially hard hit on the 2nd and 3rd, Amador County was declared a disaster area by the 3rd with 3 homes flooded. One fatality occurred in Amador County when a man attempted to cross the raging Calaveritas Creek with his car, abandoned his car when the motor quit, and then attempted to wade the rest of the way. Another man's car went out of control and flipped into a ditch, where he drowned. M62OU, M40VE

1042 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated February 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm ADDITIONS/CORRECTIONS CALIFORNIA, North Central CAZ016>019-067 Central Sacramento Valley - Southern Sacramento Valley - Carquinez Strait And Delta - Northern San Joaquin Valley - Motherlode/Camptonville To Goverland 06 0400PST 0 0 High Wind (G47) 1400PST Strong synoptic scale pressure gradients developed strong winds in the Sacramento and Northern San Joaquin Valleys. The winds caused power outages for 26,740 customers in Amador, Calaveras, and San Joaquin Counties. They also did widespread but minor damage to trees, roofs, and fences, with one exception. In the town of Grass Valley, a 25--foot section of a tree broke off and pierced the roof of a house. Miraculously, no one was injured.

CAZ015>019 Northern Sacramento Valley - Central Sacramento Valley - Southern Sacramento Valley - Carquinez Strait And Delta - Northern San Joaquin Valley 07 0700PST 0 0 300K High Wind (G40) 1600PST Strong winds blew for a second day in a row in the Sacramento and Northern San Joaquin Valleys. The winds were strong enough to push a floating restaurant upstream on the swollen Sacramento River near Sacramento. Power outages left 60,000 customers in Sacramento and 15,000 Solano County customers in the dark for hours. 118 city trees were damaged in Sacramento. Damage to a hangar at Travis Air Force base in Solano County also occurred. Stanislaus County Modesto 13 1330PST 0 0 Tstm Wind/Hail 1400PST A line of thunderstorms produced enough wind to uproot 12 trees, doing damage to 6 homes and 1 automobile. San Joaquin County Lodi 14 0720PST 1 0 Tstm Wind/Hail 0730PST Outflow from a thunderstorm caused a 2.5 foot diameter tree to fall as a vehicle passed underneath. F78VE Shasta County Cottonwood 14 1500PST 0 2 Tstm Wind/Hail 1515PST Abundant amounts of small hail suddenly caused slippery conditions and low visibilities on Interstate 5 and Gas Point Road. 5 traffic accidents resulted. CAZ068>069 Mt Shasta/Western Plumas County - West Slope Northern Sierra Nevada 21 0900PST 0 0 Winter Storm 1900PST Accumulations up to 12 inches caused closure of Interstate 80 and U.S. Route 50 through the Sierra Nevada for more than 3 hours.

Tuolumne County Countywide 23 1100PST 0 0 Tstm Wind/Hail 1600PST Thunderstorm outflow brought down numerous trees and left the town of Sonora with extensive power outages.

1053 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated April 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm ADDITIONS/CORRECTIONS COLORADO, West COZ009>011- Grand And Battlement Mesas - Gore And Elk Mountains/Central Mountain Valleys/Aspen And Vicinity - 017>019-021 Central Gunnison And Uncompahgre River Basin/Montrose And Vicinity - Uncompahgre Plateau - Northwestern San Juan Mountains - Southwestern San Juan Mountains - Four Corners/Upper Dolores River/Cortez And Vicinity 01 1400MST 0 0 Heavy Snow 02 1700MST A Pacific low pressure system produced 8 to 16 inches of new snow in the central and southern mountains of western Colorado. The lower elevations in the southwest corner as well as the Uncompahgre and central Gunnison River Basins received 3 to 6 inches. Some of the heaviest snow totals included 20 inches on the Grand Mesa, 18 inches over Red Mountain Pass, 17 inches at Telluride, 14 inches at Ouray, and 13 inches in the mountains above Marble.

1061 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated May 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm ADDITIONS/CORRECTIONS FLORIDA, Northeastern St. Johns County 3 N Marineland 17 1300EST 1 0 Rip Currents 1400EST Fort Matanzas F30IW St. Johns County St Augustine Beach 17 1300EST 1 0 Rip Currents 1400EST M22IW IOWA, Northeast Allamakee County Waukon 31 0025CST 0 0 85K Thunderstorm Wind (G53) 60 to 70 mph wind gusts associated with a fast moving line of severe thunderstorms knocked down trees and power lines. A machine shop near Waukon was heavily damaged. WISCONSIN, Northeast Brown County Green Bay 06 1340CST 0 0 2.3K Dust Devil 1341CST A strong dust devil hit a garden center in Green Bay, damaging two greenhouses. The dust devil also threw plant pots and flowers around as it moved across the garden center. When the whirlwind moved over the employee's lunch room, it sucked the time cards out of the card holder. WISCONSIN, Northwest Ashland County Clam Lake 12 1830CST 2 100 0 0 Tornado (F0) 1840CST A weak tornado touched down briefly in a forested area on the the southeast side of Clam Lake. Many trees were blown down. The path length and width are estimated, based on a damage survey conducted by personnel from the National Weather Service office in Duluth, MN. Price County 3 SE Kennan 30 1450CST 3 30 0 0 Tornado (F0) 1500CST A weak tornado touched down briefly in a rural area causing some minor tree and structural damage. The path length and width are estimated from descriptions of the damage.

1071 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated June 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm ADDITIONS/CORRECTIONS IOWA, Northeast Allamakee County Countywide 28 0130CST 0 0 40K Flood 1030CST Chickasaw County Countywide 28 0130CST 0 0 35K Flood 1030CST Floyd County Countywide 28 0130CST 0 0 50K Flood 1030CST Howard County Countywide 28 0130CST 0 0 20K 30K Flood 1030CST Winneshiek County Countywide 28 0130CST 0 0 15K 25K Flood 1030CST Many smaller and medium size rivers were bankful or flooding after torrential rains fell for much of the evening. Flooding mainly impacted low agricultural land although some county roads were closed. MARYLAND, West Garrett County 1 NW Finzel to 02 2038EST 2.5 700 0 0 500K Tornado (F2) 1.5 SE Finzel 2042EST An F2 tornado passed through the town of Finzel in extreme northeast Garrett County. Several buildings were destroyed, including a small house and cinder-block garage. This tornado actually began in extreme eastern Fayette County, PA and was on the ground for 33 miles before ending in in Allegany County, MD. PENNSYLVANIA, Central Somerset County Markleton to 02 1800EST 15 880 0 0 Tornado (F2) Boynton 1830EST This F2 tornado was the first of two tornadoes to cross southern Somerset County on the evening of June 2. It would cross the path of the May 31st tornado that struck Salisbury. The tornado initially touched down about 4 miles southeast of Markleton, then tracked southeast for 12 miles across the Boynton area and ended in Pocahontas crossing the May 31st track about 6 miles east of Salisbury. The town of Boynton was hard hit, but most of the remaining damage in Pennsylvania was to trees. A carpentry shop near Pocahontas that had been destroyed by the May 31st tornado on Sunday was already being rebuilt by Amish farmers when the framing was blown over by this tornado. There were no deaths or injuries. See additional details in the Seven Springs to Frostburg tornado that paralleled the track of this storm just two hours later. Somerset County Bakersville to 02 2002EST 26 1760 0 0 Tornado (F3) Salisbury 2038EST The second tornado of the evening, and the third to strike Somerset County in 3 days, this F3 was by far the longest and strongest of the trio. The storm created a path of damage 33 or more miles long, from Fayette County southeast across southern Somerset County into Maryland. The tornado crossed into Somerset County just southwest of the Seven Springs resort, tracked 26 miles across the county to the Maryland state line, 5 miles southeast of Salisbury. From there, the tornado continued southeast for more than 5 miles to Frostburg, Maryland. It, too, would cross the path of the May 31st storm, just 3 miles east of Salisbury. In some locations, the tornado was up to one mile wide. Damage from this tornado was rated at F3 on the fujita scale, with winds of 158 to 206 mph. Many farms were completely destroyed as this tornado moved through generally rural areas in southern Somerset County. A family in Laurel Falls near Summit Mills and St. Paul took shelter in a basement corner behind a television set. As the twister passed, they looked up to find all three stories of their house were gone, along with eight rows of foundation blocks. A battery operated clock found the next morning had stopped at 9:38 p.m. A neighbor told of losing electricity, then getting a phone call from his brother to warn him. He and his family took shelter in a hall closet because they had no basement. They told of hearing a buzzing noise like a giant bee's nest. Another neighbor found her mobile home flipped on its roof after taking shelter at her son's house. When the first tornado of the evening missed a Laurel Falls family mobile home, they proceeded to a neighbor's home. The second storm blew the trailer off its foundation. Residents of Boynton were cleaning up trees with chainsaws and front end loaders from the first tornado around 7:30pm when firefighters came by and told them to get back inside because another tornado was on its way. The second tornado broke all the windows from one house, ripped the roof off another and a barn. One person told of seeking shelter from rain in a shed when the first tornado passed, then going to the home basement when the second came through, mentioning that she was unable to pull the basement door shut behind her. The shed disappeared during the second storm. Estimated damage from the Tuesday evening

1081 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated June 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm ADDITIONS/CORRECTIONS PENNSYLVANIA, Central tornadoes included 30 to 40 properties, including permanent and seasonal residences and farms. There were no deaths or injuries from this severe tornado. However, over 100 head of cattle were killed in one barn alone, which was completely destroyed. Many other farms lost tens of cattle and other livestock. WISCONSIN, Southwest Crawford County Countywide 28 0130CST 0 0 25K Flood 1030CST Richland County Countywide 28 0130CST 0 0 25K Flood 1030CST Many smaller and medium size rivers were bankful or flooding after torrential rains fell for much of the evening. Flooding mainly impacted low agricultural land although some county roads were closed.

1092 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated July 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm ADDITIONS/CORRECTIONS COLORADO, West Mesa County 1 NW Whitewater 10 1845MST 0 0 15K Heavy Rain 1915MST Heavy rain resulted in debris flowing across U.S. highway 50 which caused several vehicle accidents. Doppler radar indicated rainfall rates in that area approaching an inch within a half hour. Ouray County 5 SW Ouray to 21 1500MST 0 0 1K Flash Flood 6 SW Ouray 1600MST A flash flood washed a large quantity of debris and rocks onto Camp Bird Road at six places and stranded eight vehicles loaded with tourists. Montezuma County 2 E Towaoc 31 1655MST 0 0 Heavy Rain 1730MST Heavy rain produced minor flooding on US highway 666 which impeded traffic. PACIFIC Guam Central Portion 17 1642SST 0 0 Funnel Cloud 1647SST Guam Central Portion 21 1900SST 0 0 Urban/Sml Stream Fld 2200SST Guam Central Portion 28 1709SST 0 0 Funnel Cloud 1713SST On the 17th a funnel cloud was sighted west of the Tiyan Weather Office.

On the 21st showers and thunderstorms developed over Guam and moved slowly along the western shoreline of the island. The slow movement and heavy precipitation resulted in localized flooding, especially in the Tumon area.

On the 27th a funnel cloud was sighted to the west of the Tiyan Weather Office.

1101 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated August 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm ADDITIONS/CORRECTIONS FLORIDA, Northeastern St. Johns County Crescent Beach 05 0935EST 1 0 Rip Currents M50IW KENTUCKY, Northern Lewis County Vanceburg 18 1705EST 0 0 5K Thunderstorm Wind (G50) 1715EST Trees down across State Route 8. MICHIGAN, West Muskegon County Muskegon 04 0640EST 0 0 Flash Flood 0945EST Minor flooding due to 2-3 inches of rain Oceana County Hart 04 0640EST 0 0 Flash Flood 0940EST Flooding occurred over parts of Oceana County. Thunderstorms produced locally heavy rain that caused flooding over parts of Muskegon and Oceana counties. Lake County Northwest Portion 06 1700EST 0 0 10K Flash Flood 07 0700EST Slow-moving thunderstorms produced very heavy rain during the evening and overnight. Mason County Walhalla 06 1700EST 0 0 10K Flash Flood 07 0700EST Slow-moving thunderstorms produced very heavy rain over Mason County. A total of 6 to 11 inches of rain fell over primarily eastern Mason and northwestern Lake counties during the evening hours on the 6th and continuing into the morning hours on the 7th. Three roads in Mason county had partial washouts. For Lake had a significant lake level rise that flooded the local boat launch. Allegan County Hamilton 06 1845EST 0.1 3 0 0 2K Tornado (F0) 1850EST Brief touchdown Kent County Sparta 10 1310EST 0 0 Tstm Wind/Hail 1345EST Single storm pulsed as it moved southeast along a cold front, and produced 3/4 inch hail and 60 mph winds Kalamazoo County Vicksburg 24 0356EST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G50) 0415EST Pulse storm produced a bow echo across extreme southern Michigan and northern Indiana. Some trees and power lines reported down just east of Vicksburg at V avenue NEW JERSEY, South and Northwest Cape May County North Cape May to 18 1742EST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G52) Sea Isle City A severe thunderstorm affected Cape May County around North Cape May and Sea Isle City. In North Cape May, Cape May Ferry personnel described the wind as "hammering". A wind gust to 52 knots (60 mph) was reported by one of the ferry ships. In Sea Isle City, the severe thunderstorm blew out several windows and knocked over lifeguard stands. NEW YORK, North Clinton County Rouses Pt 11 1840EST 0 0 50K Thunderstorm Wind (G60) 1850EST A cold front moved across northern New York during the afternoon and night of August 11th. Thunderstorms developed along and

1111 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated August 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm ADDITIONS/CORRECTIONS NEW YORK, North ahead of the front with locally strong winds, torrential rain and small hail. Specifically, in Rouses Point, New York thunderstorm winds were measured at 69 mph (60 knots) at the marina with structural damage to the docks. Essex County East Portion 11 2000EST 0 0 1M Flash Flood 12 0030EST A cold front moved across the region during the late afternoon and night of August 11th into the early morning of August 12th. With a warm humid airmass in place, thunderstorms resulted in torrential downpours during the night. Small streams and brooks quickly rose out of their banks. Road flooding was especially severe in eastern portions of the county in the towns of Lewis, Ticonderoga, Moriah and Hudson with numerous road washouts. St. Lawrence County Red Mills 24 1500EST 0 0 30K Thunderstorm Wind 1505EST St. Lawrence County Lisbon 24 1510EST 0 0 30K Thunderstorm Wind An area of low pressure moved across southern Canada. During the afternoon, the associated cold front extended across northern portions of New York and Vermont. Thunderstorms developed along and ahead of the front. Specifically, in St Lawrence county, strong winds blew trees and power lines down in Red Mills with windows damaged in structures. In Lisbon, numerous trees and power lines were blown down with some damage to structures. Franklin County North Bangor 24 1550EST 0 0 1K Thunderstorm Wind Franklin County Tupper Lake 24 1620EST 0 0 Hail (1.00) Franklin County Tupper Lake 24 1620EST 0 0 10K Thunderstorm Wind An area of low pressure moved across southern Canada. During the afternoon, the associated cold front extended across northern portions of New York and Vermont. Thunderstorms developed along and ahead of the front. Specifically, in Franklin county, strong winds blew down large tree limbs in North Bangor, while numerous trees and power lines were blown down in Tupper Lake along with 1 inch hail. Clinton County Merrill 24 1615EST 0 0 5K Thunderstorm Wind Clinton County Saranac 24 1625EST 0 0 30K Thunderstorm Wind An area of low pressure moved across southern Canada. During the afternoon, the associated cold front extended across northern portions of New York and Vermont. Thunderstorms developed along and ahead of the front. Specifically, in Clinton county, strong winds blew down 4 large trees in Merrill while trees were blown down in Saranac along with structural damage. Essex County Schroon Lake 24 1710EST 0 0 30K Thunderstorm Wind 1720EST Essex County Ticonderoga 24 1710EST 0 0 200K Thunderstorm Wind 1720EST Thunderstorms resulted in winds which caused extensive damage. Numerous trees and power lines were blown down in Ticonderoga and the Schroon Lake area. Damage was reported to a few structures, including damage to a church steeple in Ticonderoga with windows broken and damage to a few houses. NORTH CAROLINA, South Coastal NCZ100 Brunswick 26 0600EST 0 0 35M 64M Hurricane 27 0400EST The eye of slow-moving Hurricane Bonnie made landfall at Bald Head Island during mid-afternoon and took 2 hours to exit the county. Wind reports ranged as high as 93 mph at Southport, where damage was most extensive...the 50-foot steeple was blown down from the Mt Carmel Methodist Church and many trees and homes were damaged. Rainfall ranged from around 7 inches in the east side of the county, where there was extensive ponding of water, to 2 inches in the west. Storm surge was 5-8 feet on the eastern barrier islands, with 2 feet overwash reported on Bald Head Island. Extensive beach erosion occurred on the eastern end of Holden Beach, where up to 20 feet of dune was lost and some homes were undermined. In Supply, the Brunswick Community Hospital suffered the loss of 3000 square feet of roof and an air conditioner. 12,000 people were evacuated from the coast, 3,000 went to

1122 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated August 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm ADDITIONS/CORRECTIONS NORTH CAROLINA, South Coastal emergency shelters. Crops lost included cotton, soybeans, corn, tobacco. Federal Disaster declared. VERMONT, North and Central Franklin County St Albans 11 2015EST 0 0 10K Thunderstorm Wind 2020EST A cold front moved across Vermont and triggered thunderstorms during the late afternoon and night of August 11th. In northwest Vermont, a thunderstorm with strong winds blew down trees and power lines in and around St Albans, Vermont. Pea size hail was also reported. Franklin County South Portion 11 2030EST 0 0 1M Flash Flood 12 0100EST A cold front moved across the region during the late afternoon and night of August 11th into the early morning of August 12th. With a warm humid airmass in place, thunderstorms resulted in torrential downpours during the night. Small streams and brooks, such as Minnow Brook, quickly rose out of their banks. Road flooding was especially severe in St Albans where numerous roads, including a portion of I-89, were closed. Roads were flooded in Fairfield and Bakersfield with many closed. Many homes had water in their basements. Chittenden County Countywide 11 2030EST 0 0 2M Flash Flood 12 0100EST A cold front moved across the region during the late afternoon and night of August 11th into the early morning of August 12th. With a warm humid airmass in place, thunderstorms resulted in torrential downpours during the night. Small streams and brooks quickly rose out of their banks. Initially, road flooding was especially severe in eastern portions of the county, including the towns of Underhill, Jericho and Westford with numerous roads closed or washed out. Orleans County West Portion 11 2150EST 0 0 500K Flash Flood 12 0030EST A cold front moved across the region during the late afternoon and night of August 11th into the early morning of August 12th. With a warm humid airmass in place, thunderstorms resulted in torrential downpours during the late night. Small streams and brooks quickly rose to bankful or greater. Roads were flooded in Westfield. Caledonia County South Portion 11 2300EST 0 0 1M Flash Flood 12 0100EST A cold front moved across the region during the late afternoon and night of August 11th into the early morning of August 12th. With a warm humid airmass in place, thunderstorms resulted in torrential downpours late at night. Small streams and brooks across southern portions of the county quickly rose out of their banks. Road flooding was especially severe in Danville where Roy Brook quickly flooded with massive road damage resulting. Flooding of Cooper Brook resulted in road washouts in Hardwick and flooding of some homes. Flooding was also reported in Groton and St. Johnsbury. Chittenden County South Burlington 12 0230EST 0 0 30K Flood 1000EST Heavy rain and thunderstorms occurred during August 11th into the early morning hours of August 12th. The Burlington Airport NWS Office received 3.62 inches on August 11th which set a new August daily rainfall record. Williston Road in South Burlington flooded and was closed from 3:30 AM EDT to 11 AM EDT (2:30 AM EST to 10 AM EST). Culverts backed up and Muddy Creek flooded. Lamoille County Johnson 12 0830EST 0 0 50K Flood 1200EST Lamoille County Wolcott 12 0830EST 0 0 30K Flood 1200EST A cold front moved across the region during the late afternoon and night of August 11th into the early morning of August 12th. Thunderstorms during the early morning hours of August 12th resulted in torrential downpours with rises on the Lamoille River. Flooding of this river occurred during the morning hours in and around both the Johnson and Wolcott areas. Road washouts were reported in Wolcott. Chittenden County Charlotte 24 1300EST 0 0 50K Thunderstorm Wind

1133 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated August 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm ADDITIONS/CORRECTIONS VERMONT, North and Central Thunderstorm winds blew down numerous trees with roof damage to one structure. Addison County Bristol 24 1325EST 0 0 10K Thunderstorm Wind 1330EST Addison County New Haven Jct 24 1335EST 0 0 Hail (0.88) An area of low pressure moved across southern Canada. During the afternoon, the associated cold front extended across northern portions of Vermont and New York. Thunderstorms developed along and ahead of the front. Specifically, in Addison county, strong winds blew trees down in Bristol, while nickle size hail fell at New Haven Junction. Orange County Bradford 24 1357EST 0 0 Hail (1.75) Orange County Bradford 24 1357EST 0 0 30K Thunderstorm Wind 1400EST Orange County Randolph 24 1415EST 0 0 5K Thunderstorm Wind An area of low pressure moved across southern Canada. During the afternoon, the associated cold front extended across northern portions of Vermont and New York. Thunderstorms developed along and ahead of the front. Specifically, in Bradford (Orange county), a swath of hundreds of trees and power lines were blown down by strong thunderstorm winds with golfball size hail. In addition, a tree and a sign was blown down in Randolph. Washington County Cabot 24 1400EST 0 0 5K Thunderstorm Wind Washington County East Warren 24 1435EST 0 0 5K Thunderstorm Wind An area of low pressure moved across southern Canada. During the afternoon, the associated cold front extended across northern portions of Vermont and New York. Thunderstorms developed along and ahead of the front. Specifically, in Washington county, strong winds blew down trees and power lines in Cabot and trees in East Warren. Caledonia County Danville 24 1400EST 0 0 50K Thunderstorm Wind 1410EST Caledonia County Peacham 24 1400EST 0 0 10K Thunderstorm Wind Caledonia County West Burke 24 1400EST 0 0 10K Thunderstorm Wind Thunderstorm winds blew a number of trees down with windows broken and structural damage reported in Danville. In West Burke and Peacham, trees and power lines were blown down. Numerous power outages were reported. Franklin County Sheldon 24 1630EST 0 0 20K Thunderstorm Wind (G59) Thunderstorm winds gusted to 68 mph (59 knots) and blew down numerous large trees as well as power lines. Washington County Duxbury 24 1745EST 0 0 5K Thunderstorm Wind Washington County Waitsfield 24 1745EST 0 0 15K Thunderstorm Wind Washington County Northfield 24 1751EST 0 0 5K Thunderstorm Wind An area of low pressure moved across southern Canada. During the afternoon and evening, the associated cold front extended across northern portions of Vermont and New York. Thunderstorms developed along and ahead of the front. In Washington county, numerous trees and power lines were blown down in the towns of Duxbury, Waitsfield and Northfield. Washington County West Portion 24 1800EST 0 0 75K Flash Flood 1930EST An area of low pressure moved across southern Canada. During the afternoon and evening, the associated cold front extended across northern portions of Vermont and New York. Thunderstorms developed along and ahead of the front. In Washington county, torrential downpours accompanied these storms. Along with the heavy rainfall, half inch hail was also reported in Berlin. The Dog

1144 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated August 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm ADDITIONS/CORRECTIONS VERMONT, North and Central River briefly flooded its banks near Berlin while the Mad River flooded a few roads in and around Waitsfield. In Middlesex, a mudslide blocked portions of I-89. Rutland County Castleton 24 1805EST 0 0 10K Thunderstorm Wind Rutland County Pittsford 24 1810EST 0 0 10K Thunderstorm Wind Rutland County Rutland 24 1810EST 0 0 10K Thunderstorm Wind An area of low pressure moved across southern Canada. During the afternoon and evening, the associated cold front extended across northern portions of Vermont and New York. Thunderstorms developed along and ahead of the front. In Rutland county, numerous trees and power lines were blown down in the localities of Castleton, Pittsford and Rutland along with damage to homes. Orange County Randolph 24 1810EST 0 0 5K Thunderstorm Wind Orange County Tunbridge 24 1810EST 0 0 20K Thunderstorm Wind 1815EST Orange County Chelsea 24 1815EST 0 0 10K Thunderstorm Wind An area of low pressure moved across southern Canada. During the afternoon and evening, the associated cold front extended across northern portions of Vermont and New York. Thunderstorms developed along and ahead of the front. In Orange county, numerous trees and power lines were blown down in Chelsea and Randolph, while strong thunderstorm winds damaged a barn in Tunbridge. Addison County Granville 24 1815EST 0 0 10K Thunderstorm Wind An area of low pressure moved across southern Canada. During the afternoon and evening, the associated cold front extended across northern portions of Vermont and New York. Thunderstorms developed along and ahead of the front. In Addison county, numerous trees and power lines were blown down in Granville. Windsor County Bethel 24 1815EST 0 0 10K Thunderstorm Wind An area of low pressure moved across southern Canada. During the afternoon and evening, the associated cold front extended across northern portions of Vermont and New York. Thunderstorms developed along and ahead of the front. In Windsor county, numerous trees and power lines were blown down in Bethel.

1155 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated September 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm ADDITIONS/CORRECTIONS ALABAMA, Southeast Coffee County Elba 28 0000EST 0 0 2.5M 15M Flash Flood 29 1800EST Torrential rains of 8 to 24 inches produced the worst flash flooding in Geneva County since Hurricane Opal in 1995. Numerous roads were damaged or washed out. AL 54 was closed from Samson west to Florala. All county roads were closed for fear of more flooding and washouts. Significaant losses were incurred to peanut and cotton crops. Several creeks overflowed their banks closing AL 65, 54, and 52. Geneva County Samson 28 0000EST 0 0 1.5M Flash Flood 29 1800EST Torrential rains produced considerable flash flooding of city and residential streets. Geneva County Geneva 29 0245EST 3 .2 0 0 50K Tornado (F1) 0250EST A tornado touched down in central Geneva County. It skipped along AL Highway 85 between Geneva and Bellwood. Several trees and power lines were toppled. The Providence Church near Bellwood sustained roof damage from fallen trees. ALABAMA, Southwest Crenshaw County Glenwood 28 1303CST 1 50 0 0 50K Tornado (F1) 1306CST A tornado moving northwest out of western Pike County, moved through the community of Glenwood and lifted back into the cloud just northwest of Glenwood. The tornado destroyed a trailer and damaged several other homes. Trees and power lines were also blown down. No injuries were reported. DELAWARE Kent County Camden to 02 0820EST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G50) Frederica 0840EST A severe thunderstorm produced frequent lightning and some damaging winds in a swath across Kent County from around Camden southeast to around Frederica. A fence was blown down in Woodside. Scattered power outages were reported in the county along with some small hail. Sussex County Ellendale 07 1500EST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G50) A severe thunderstorm tore the roof from a chicken coop in Ellendale. Sussex County Ocean View 07 1853EST 0 1 0 Lightning Lightning struck the peak of a restaurant's roof near Ocean View the evening of the 7th. It blew the siding and some roofing material off and caused a large piece of drywall to crash to the floor in the middle of the restaurant. One patron was injured. DEZ001>004 New Castle - Kent - Inland Sussex - Delaware Beaches 27 0900EST 0 00 Unseasonably Hot 1800EST A southwest flow of air brought another piece of the unseasonably hot air that affected the southern United States over the past couple of months over the area. High temperatures reached record breaking levels across much of the Delmarva Peninsula on the 27th. A cold front moved through the region early in the morning on the 28th and slowly dropped temperatures to seasonal levels. The west to east flow of air over the region the rest of the month also prevented the remnants of Hurricane Georges from affecting the area. High temperatures on the 27th included 95 degrees in Salisbury (Maryland), 93 degrees in Georgetown (Sussex County) and 91 degrees at the New Castle County Airport (a new record), Bridgeville (Sussex County) and Odessa (New Castle County). DEZ001>004 New Castle - Kent - Inland Sussex - Delaware Beaches 30 2359EST 0 0 Unseasonably Warm And Dry September 1998 continued the trend of both warmer and drier than normal weather across the Delmarva Peninsula. The dry weather reduced the yields on crops throughout the region. On a county weighted average, monthly precipitation totals were between 1.7 and 2.4 inches, which was only around 60 percent of normal. Monthly mean temperatures averaged close to 3 degrees above normal. At the New Castle County Airport, the monthly mean temperature of 70.9 degrees was 2.9 degrees above normal and the monthly precipitation total was 1.78 inches. Normal is 3.43 inches.

1161 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated September 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm ADDITIONS/CORRECTIONS FLORIDA, Northwest Walton County Countywide 29 0600EST 0 0 500K Flash Flood 1200EST Choctawhatchee Bay water levels high and county creeks have overflowed their banks. Several homes along creek beds sustained some flood damage in the Freeport, Rock Hill, and Portland. Holmes County Countywide 29 0800EST 0 0 1.3M Flash Flood 1400EST Widespread flash flooding of numerous county dirt roads as well as FL 90, CR 81, and CR 179. Washington County Countywide 29 0800EST 0 0 750K Flash Flood 1400EST Flash flooding closed 13 county roads. FL DOT closed Highways 277, 279, and 79. GEORGIA, Southwest Randolph County Cuthbert 29 1300EST 0.5 .1 0 1 500K Tornado (F1) Tornado touched down two miles east of Cuthbert off U.S. 82 bypass. A manufacturing plant was destroyed where one employee was injured by falling debris. Several large pine trees were uprooted. KENTUCKY, Eastern Floyd County 2.5 NE Prestonsburg 21 1315EST 0 0 30K 0 Flash Flood 1415EST Flash flooding occurred Monday afternoon for about one hour at Stratton Branch. The water roared down a hillside and knocked buildings from their foundation, pulled a culvert loose and tore up chunks of pavement. Two mobile homes sustained flood damage. LOUISIANA, Southeast LAZ067>070 Lower Lafourche - Lower Jefferson - Lower Plaquemines - Lower St. Bernard 02 0100CST 0 00 Tropical Storm 1500CST Tropical Storm Earl developed in the southwest Gulf of Mexico on the 31st of August and moved north northeast toward the Louisiana coast. As Earl organized, it's center reformed to the northeast and the storm strengthened to a minimal hurricane southeast of the Louisiana coast during the morning of September 2nd. Earl's maximum sustained winds increased to 100 mph as it began moving east northeast toward the Florida Panhandle where it made landfall early on September 3rd. Earl's strongest winds remained east of its center well off the coast; therefore, only minimal tropical storm force wind gusts were observed along the immediate southeast Louisiana coastline. Peak wind gusts of 42 mph were observed on September 2nd at both the Grand Isle, Louisiana CMAN station at 1300 CST, and at a NOAA weather buoy located 20 miles south of Biloxi, MS in the coastal waters at 1500 CST. At Venice, Louisiana a maximum wind gust of 44 mph was recorded on 1219 CST on September 2. LAZ038-040-058>070 Tangipahoa - St. Tammany - St. John The Baptist - Upper Lafourche - St. Charles - Upper Jefferson - Orleans - Upper Plaquemines - Upper St. Bernard - Upper Terrebonne - Lower Terrebonne - Lower Lafourche - Lower Jefferson - Lower Plaquemines - Lower St. Bernard 10 1500CST 0 0 31.5M Tropical Storm 12 1100CST Lafourche Parish Cut Off to 10 1715CST 4 50 1 6 500K Tornado (F2) Larose 1725CST M22MH Jefferson Parish Countywide 11 1000CST 0 0 Flash Flood 1930CST Orleans Parish Countywide 11 1000CST 0 0 Flash Flood 1930CST Plaquemines Parish Countywide 11 1000CST 0 0 Flash Flood 1930CST

1172 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated September 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm ADDITIONS/CORRECTIONS LOUISIANA, Southeast St. Bernard Parish Countywide 11 1000CST 0 0 Flash Flood 1930CST A tropical depression in the western Gulf of Mexico was classified as Tropical Storm Frances during the afternoon of September 9th. After a period of erratic movement, Frances settled on a northwest track that brought it ashore in the early morning hours of September 11th between Port Aransas and Port Oconner, Texas. Due to the large pressure difference between Tropical Storm Frances and a high pressure system over the eastern United States, a prolonged period of strong east and southeast winds that occasionally reached tropical storm force affected coastal sections of southeast Louisiana. Peak wind gusts of 60 mph at 1029 CST on the 10th and 55 mph at 1826 PM on the 10th were recorded at the Burrwood and Grand Isle C-MAN stations, respectively. A wind gust of 62 mph was observed at a buoy in eastern Lake Pontchartrain near the Rigolets during a squall at 1510 CST on the 11th. Significant tidal flooding occurred during the event with tides averaging 2 to 4 feet above normal along the southeast Louisiana coastline and in Lakes Pontchartrain and Maurepas. The persistent strong winds and resulting high tides pushed a considerable amount of water into the tidal lakes of southeast Louisiana parishes and well inland along marshes, bayous, and other low-lying areas. This resulted in a number of homes outside of the levee protection systems being flooded and caused the flooding of many roadways. The most severe flooding occurred in Terrebonne, Lafourche, and lower Jefferson Parishes. Many businesses along the Harvey Canal in Jefferson Parish were damaged due to storm surge flooding, and the levee along the canal was nearly overtopped. In addition, very heavy rainfall occurred with most locations of southeast Louisiana receiving a minimum of 5 inches during the storm with some areas south of Lake Pontchartrain receiving 15 to 30 inches of rain. The heavy rainfall resulted in widespread flash flooding south of Lake Pontchartrain.

The flash flooding peaked on September 11th when intense rainfall associated with a Tropical Storm Francis rainband resulted in rainfall amounts of 5 to 7 inches within a two to three hours period over portions of the greater New Orleans area. By late afternoon, rainfall totals had reached from 8 to 12 inches. Rainfall runoff overwhelmed drainage pumping capacity producing widespread and deep flooding in the streets of the New Orleans metropolitan area. Ground transportation throughout much of Orleans Parish and portions of adjacent parishes was brought to a near standstill during the afternoon by the flooding, stranding many at work, school, or in autos. The street flooding subsided during the evening.

Around 800 homes and 30 businesses were flooded in Jefferson Parish from either storm surge flooding outside of the hurricane protection levees and flash flooding from heavy rainfall. In Orleans Parish at least 290 single family homes and 124 apartments and businesses were flooded.

A tornado developed in an outer rainband associated with Tropical Storm Francis on the evening of September 10th and followed a path approximately 4 miles long from near Cut Off to Larose killing a 22 year old male in a mobile home. The most severe damage occurred in the first one half to three quarters mile of the path. Several mobile homes were destroyed, 3 conventional houses had roofs taken off, two houses were moved off their piling foundation, and two businesses suffered extensive damage. The tornado was strongest near the beginning of the track where F2 damage occurred. Over the remainder of the track, F1 damage was reported.

Assumption Parish Countywide 12 1100CST 0 00 Storm Surge 19 1200CST Jefferson Parish Countywide 12 1100CST 0 00 Storm Surge 19 1200CST Lafourche Parish Countywide 12 1100CST 0 00 Storm Surge 19 1200CST Livingston Parish Countywide 12 1100CST 0 00 Storm Surge 19 1200CST Orleans Parish Countywide 12 1100CST 0 00 Storm Surge 19 1200CST Plaquemines Parish Countywide 12 1100CST 0 00 Storm Surge 19 1200CST

1183 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated September 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm ADDITIONS/CORRECTIONS LOUISIANA, Southeast St. Bernard Parish Countywide 12 1100CST 0 00 Storm Surge 19 1200CST St. Charles Parish Countywide 12 1100CST 0 00 Storm Surge 19 1200CST St. James Parish Countywide 12 1100CST 0 00 Storm Surge 19 1200CST St. John The Baptist Parish Countywide 12 1100CST 0 00 Storm Surge 19 1200CST Terrebonne Parish Countywide 12 1100CST 0 00 Storm Surge 19 1200CST Significant tidal flooding continued along the southeast Louisiana coastline and in Lakes Pontchartrain and Maurepas as tides remained 1 to 3 feet above normal as a result of prolonged east and southeast winds caused by the pressure difference between the remnants of Tropical Storm Francis and high pressure over the eastern United States. The flooding mainly affected roadways and some houses in low lying areas outside of the hurricane protection levee system. Portions of U.S. Highway 90 in Lafourche Parish, a major traffic route, remained flooded with traffic restricted. LAZ040-058-060-062- St. Tammany - St. John The Baptist - St. Charles - Orleans - Lower Terrebonne - Lower Lafourche - Lower 066>070 Jefferson - Lower Plaquemines - Lower St. Bernard 19 1200CST 0 00 Tropical Storm 20 1200CST Washington Parish North Portion 20 0930CST 0 00 Flash Flood 1130CST A tropical depression that formed in the central Gulf of Mexico on September 17th strengthened to a minimal tropical storm named Hermine on the morning of the 18th. Tropical Storm Hermine meandered in the Gulf of Mexico for a period of time before beginning a slow north northeast motion that brought it ashore in the early morning hours of the 20th near Cocodrie, LA in Terrebonne Parish. Tropical Storm Hermine then drifted north over southeast Louisiana and was downgraded to a tropical depression 50 miles northwest of New Orleans during the morning of the 20th. Winds associated with Hermine were of minimal tropical storm force and were mainly contained in squalls. A peak wind gust of 46 mph in a squall was measured just off the southeast coast of Louisiana at the Burrwood C-MAN station near the mouth of the Mississippi River at 1139 CST on September 19th. In the New Orleans area, a maximum wind gust of 32 mph was measured at an automated weather station in far east portion of Lake Pontchartrain near the Rigolets at 0110 CST on September 20.

Tropical Storm Hermine prolonged the coastal flooding that was already occurring along the along the southeast Louisiana coast and in Lakes Pontchartrain and Maurepas as a result of the effects of Tropical Storm Frances a week earlier. Tides continued to run 1 to 3 feet above normal when Hermine affected southeast Louisiana.

Isolated flash flooding also occurred with Tropical Storm Hermine on September 20th when 3 to 4 inches of rain fell across areas of northern Washington Parish. Sections of Louisiana Highway 438 near Thomas were covered by four inches of water . LAZ038>040-058>070Tangipahoa - Washington - St. Tammany - St. John The Baptist - Upper Lafourche - St. Charles - Upper Jefferson - Orleans - Upper Plaquemines - Upper St. Bernard - Upper Terrebonne - Lower Terrebonne - Lower Lafourche - Lower Jefferson - Lower Plaquemines - Lower St. Bernard 27 1200CST 0 0 30.1M Hurricane 28 1200CST Hurricane Georges, a strong Category 2, hurricane moved slowly northwest across the Gulf of Mexico toward southeast Louisiana on the September 26. As the hurricane approached the mouth of the Mississippi River on September 27 it slowly turned toward the north making landfall along the Mississippi Coast east of Biloxi, MS around 0400 CST on September 28. The Louisiana coast remained on the relatively weaker west side of the Hurricane Georges' circulation.

Most of southeast Louisiana experienced sustained wind of 40 to 45 mph and gusts to 55 to 65 mph, with the strongest winds reported in lower Plaquemines and far east St. Bernard Parishes. Most of the wind damage was confined to trees, power lines, house

1194 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated September 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm ADDITIONS/CORRECTIONS LOUISIANA, Southeast roofs, and a few mobile homes. At the height of the hurricane, 160,000 homes and businesses were without electrical power in southeast Louisiana. Storm surge flooding of 4 to 8 feet was confined to areas outside of the hurricane protection system. Along the Mississippi River, the hurricane storm surge created a 6 to 7 ft rise in the river in Plaquemines Parish and a 5 to 6 ft rise in the river in the New Orleans area late on September 27. Rainfall during the hurricane event was minimal, less than 2 inches, as the area was situated on the drier western semicircle of the hurricane's circulation. In Louisiana, insured losses from Hurricane George was estimated at $15 million according to insurance industry sources. When non-insured and public losses are considered, total damages in the state likely totaled near $30 million.

Large scale evacuations took place on September 25 and September 26 across southeast Louisiana. Based on post hurricane evacuation surveys in Orleans and Jefferson Parish, approximately 500,000 were estimated to have left southeast Louisiana prior to the hurricane. Approximately 31,000 people sought refuge in public shelters throughout Louisiana. Several indirect fatalities occurred when two elderly persons died in the hurricane evacuation enroute to a special needs shelter in Baton Rouge.

Information on parishes experiencing the most damage are listed below:

Jefferson Parish: Affects in the parish were mostly confined to minor wind damage to trees and house roofs, and loss of electrical power due to downed power lines. A maximum wind gust of 55 mph was recorded at New Orleans International Airport at 0411CST on September 28 before power was lost to the wind instrument. Storm surge flooding occurred outside of the hurricane protection levees along Lake Pontchartrain, causing flooding of undeveloped areas. Approximately 3900 people sought refuge in public shelters in the parish.

Orleans Parish: The main affect to Orleans Parish was storm surge flooding outside of the hurricane protection levees, and wind damage to trees and resultant downing of power lines. A storm surge of 4 to 5 feet occurred in far east Orleans Parish causing water flooding of roadways and some damage to fishing camps and houses in the Lake Catherine, Irish Bayou, and Venetian Isles areas. A maximum stage of 5.81 ft was recorded at the Rigolets. Along the southwest shore of Lake Pontchartrain, about 85 out of 110 fishing camps built on wooden pilings were destroyed by storm surge and wind driven waves. Some of the camps were more than 75 years old. In the vicinity of West End Park, several restaurants were heavily damaged by storm surge and wind driven waves. A tide gage at West End Marina recorded a stage of 5.8 ft while the gage on the Industrial Canal reached 7.3 ft.

Wind damage occurred to trees and power lines, and also to some house roofs. A wind gust of 55 kt was recorded at New Orleans Lakefront Airport at 411CST on September 28 before power failed. On Lake Pontchartrain, automated wind sensors on the middle of Lake Pontchartrain Causeway recorded a gust of 68 mph at 720CST on September 28. At the height of the strong winds late on the September 27 and September 28, over 80,000 houses and businesses were without electrical powers.

Approximately 20,000 people sought refuge in public shelters, with 14,000 of those sheltered in the Louisiana Superdome.

One in-direct fatality occurred on September 27 when a house fire killed a 40 year old man. The fire was ignited when a candle being used for emergency lighting was knocked over.

Plaquemine Parish: The lower portion of Plaquemine Parish received the greatest impact from Hurricane George with hurricane force wind gusts experienced late on September 27. An automated NOAA weather station at the Southwest Pass of the Mississippi River recorded a maximum wind gust of 82 mph at 1653CST on September 27. A storm surge of 7 to 8 feet was experienced along the east bank areas of the parish. A USGS tide gage in Gardene Bay east of Point a la Hache recorded a stage of 8.9 ft before power failed. Considerable storm surge flooding was recorded outside of the hurricane protection levees. About 50 homes and businesses outside of the levee system in the vicinity of Venice were reported to have flooded. Some wind damage to roofs, signs, and mobile homes also occurred within the levee protection system of southern Plaquemine Parish. Power outages were widespread throughout the parish from the afternoon of September 27 through September 28. Approximately 15,000 people in the southern portion of the parish evacuated with approximately 2300 people housed in public shelters in the northern portion of the parish.

St. Bernard Parish: The greatest impact from Hurricane Georges was experienced outside of the hurricane protection levee system. A 5 to 7 ft storm surge affected the parish with extensive flooding of low lying structures and roadways. Tide gages at Bayou Bienvenu and Bayou Dupre reached stages of 7.4 ft and 6.4 ft, respectively. Approximately 65 single family houses and mobile homes were damaged by flooding and wind. Severe erosion was reported in the coastal marshes, and especially in the nearby barrier islands of the Chandeleur Islands. Power outages were widespread throughout the parish on September 27 and 28. Approximately 1300 people sought refuge in public shelters in the upper portion of St Bernard Parish.

St. Tammany Parish: The main affects to St Tammany parish was wind damage to trees, minor roof damage, and power failure due to downed power lines. A maximum wind gust at the Lake Pontchartrain Causeway approach at Mandeville was 48 mph at 0240CST on September 28. A 48 mph wind gust was also recorded at the Slidell Airport at 2229 CST on September 27 before power was lost to

1205 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated September 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm ADDITIONS/CORRECTIONS LOUISIANA, Southeast the instrument. A storm surge of about 3 feet occurred on the north shore of Lake Pontchartrain. The tide gage at Mandeville recorded a maximum stage of 4.3 ft. Some low lying areas adjacent to Lake Pontchartrain were flooded by the storm surge with 20 homes in the Palm Lake area of Slidell flooded. During the storm clean-up, a 71 year old man was severely injured when a falling tree struck him while he was clearing debris from his property.

Across other areas of southeast Louisiana, damage was relatively minor and mostly confined to downed tree limbs and scattered reports of power outage due to downed power lines. MARYLAND, Northeast Queen Anne'S County Grasonville 07 1355EST 0 1 Thunderstorm Wind (G60) A severe thunderstorm damaged a few homes and businesses on Kent Island and included Grasonville, Love Point and Thompson Creek. The living room roof of one house was torn off and flew more than 100 feet into the Chester River. The wind blasted out about 24 car windows at one restaurant's parking lot. The picnic tables and part of another restaurant's roof were pulled off. A different restaurant lost part of its roof and a satellite dish. Uprooted trees caused some minor damage to a few other homes on the island. One person caught in Chesapeake Bay, received welts from small hail during the thunderstorm. MDZ008-012-015- Cecil - Kent - Queen Annes - Talbot - Caroline 019>020 27 0900EST 0 00 Unseasonably Hot 1800EST A southwest flow of air brought another piece of the unseasonably hot air that affected the southern United States over the past couple of months over the area. High temperatures reached record breaking levels across much of the Delmarva Peninsula on the 27th. A cold front moved through the region early in the morning on the 28th and slowly dropped temperatures to seasonal levels. The west to east flow of air over the region the rest of the month also prevented the remnants of Hurricane Georges from affecting the area. High temperatures on the 27th included 95 degrees at both Salisbury and the Baltimore-Washington International Airport and 91 degrees in Bridgeville (Delaware). MDZ008-012-015- Cecil - Kent - Queen Annes - Talbot - Caroline 019>020 30 2359EST 0 00 Unseasonably Warm And Dry September 1998 continued the trend of both warmer and drier than normal weather across the Delmarva Peninsula. The dry weather reduced the yields on crops throughout the region. On a county weighted average, monthly precipitation totals were between 1. 5 and 1.8 inches, which was only around 50 percent of normal. Monthly mean temperatures averaged close to 3 degrees above normal. MISSISSIPPI, South MSZ080>082 Hancock - Harrison - Jackson 02 0600CST 0 00 Tropical Storm 03 0500CST Tropical Storm Earl developed in the southwest Gulf of Mexico on the 31st of August and moved north northeast toward the Louisiana coast. As Earl organized, it's center reformed to the northeast and the storm strengthened to a minimal hurricane south of the Mississippi coast during the morning of September 2nd. Earl's maximum sustained winds increased to 100 mph as it began moving east northeast toward the Florida Panhandle where it made landfall early on September 3rd. Earl's strongest winds remained east of its center well off the coast; therefore, only minimal tropical storm force wind gusts were observed along the immediate Mississippi coastline. A peak wind gust of 42 mph was recorded on September 2nd at 1500 CST by a NOAA weather buoy located in the coastal waters 20 miles south of Biloxi, MS. At Gulfport and Pascagoula the maximum wind gust at both locations was 33 mph on the afternoon of September 2nd. MSZ077-080>082 Pearl River - Hancock - Harrison - Jackson 19 1800CST 0 0 85K Tropical Storm 20 1500CST Pearl River County 10 S Poplarville 20 0730CST 0.1 35 0 1 75K Tornado (F1) Hancock County Bay St Louis 20 0850CST 0.1 25 0 0 10K Tornado (F0) Walthall County South Portion 20 0930CST 0 00 Flash Flood 1130CST A tropical depression that formed in the central Gulf of Mexico on September 17th strengthened to a minimal tropical storm named Hermine on the morning of the 18th. Tropical Storm Hermine meandered in the Gulf of Mexico for a period of time before beginning a slow north northeast motion that brought it ashore in the early morning hours of the 20th near Cocodrie, LA in

1216 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated September 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm ADDITIONS/CORRECTIONS MISSISSIPPI, South Terrebonne Parish. Tropical Storm Hermine then drifted north over southeast Louisiana and was downgraded to a tropical depression 50 miles northwest of New Orleans during the evening of the 20th. Winds associated with Hermine were of minimal tropical storm force and were mainly contained in squalls. A peak wind gust of 46 mph in a squall was measured just off the southeast coast of Louisiana at the Burrwood NOAA C-MAN station near the mouth of the Mississippi River at 1139 CST on September 19th.

Two tornadoes developed in rainbands associated with Tropical Storm Hermine on September 20th. The first tornado occurred around 0730 CST 10 miles south of Poplarville, MS and destroyed two mobile homes, damaged seven cars, and caused one injury. A second weak tornado briefly touched down near Bay St. Louis, MS around 0850 CST resulting in only minor damage.

Isolated flash flooding also occurred with Tropical Storm Hermine on September 20th when 4 to 5 inches of rain fell on areas of Walthall county. Sections of a few roadways in southern Walthall county were briefly under water including Mississippi Highway 27 which was covered by up to a foot of water in places. MSZ077-080>082 Pearl River - Hancock - Harrison - Jackson 27 1200CST 0 0 602M Hurricane 28 1800CST Hurricane Georges, a strong Category 2 hurricane moved slowly northwest across the Gulf of Mexico toward southeast Louisiana and coastal Mississippi on the September 25 and September 26. As the hurricane approached the mouth of the Mississippi River on September 27, it slowly turned toward the north making landfall along the Mississippi Coast just to the east of Biloxi, MS at 0400 CST on September 28. The hurricane moved only slowly north during the morning hours, at times becoming nearly stationary. The hurricane finally was downgraded to a tropical storm at 1500CST on September 28 when it was located north of Biloxi. The tropical storm then moved very slowly eastward into southern Alabama on September 29.

The greatest affect from the hurricane occurred over Jackson County which experienced the intense eastern portion of the hurricanes eyewall and highest storm surge.

Due to the slow forward speed of the hurricane very heavy rainfall occurred over eastern Harrison County and Jackson County leading to record flooding on streams and rivers. The barrier islands in the Mississippi Sound were also heavily damaged by wind and storm surge. A new three quarter mile cut developed in the east portion of Ship Island. Total insured property damage in Mississippi was estimated at near 310 million dollars by insurance industry sources. When unisured losses and public property damage considered, total damages in Mississippi will likely approach $620 million.

Hancock County - Wind damage in Hancock County was mostly confined to large tree limbs snapped off, trees downed, and minor roof damage to houses and businesses, and damage to commercial signs. Storm surge was of minimal impact with the county remaining on the west side of the hurricane. Storm surge was 4 to 5 ft above normal with only minor coastal flooding and beach erosion occurring. Approximately 2,000 people were housed in public shelters.

Harrison County - Moderate wind damage occurred throughout the parish. Many commercial signs were damaged or destroyed, large trees limbs and trees downed, and wind damaged roofs or houses and businesses. At the Gulfport Harbor, a wind gage recorded a maximum gust of 80 mph at 0415CST on September 28. At approximately the same time period, a gust to 117 mph was recorded in Gulfport, one mile north of the beach. Storm surge flooding was generally 6 to 7 feet above normal across the coast. Storm surge flooding crossed US Highway 90 in several locations, but storm surge flooding to property was not considered major. A maximum stage of 8.1 ft was recorded at the Gulfport Harbor.

Due to the slow movement of the hurricane, heavy rain occurred over the east portion of the county and adjacent areas. Significant river flooding occurred on the Biloxi and Tchoutacabouffa Rivers on the September 28 and September 29. Wortham, on the Biloxi River reached its second highest stage of record with a reading of 25.47 ft on September 29.

Many county residents evacuated low lying areas in advance of the hurricane with approximately 3700 seeking refuge in public evacuation shelters within the county.

Jackson County - Jackson County bore the brunt of Hurricane Georges with the area experiencing the strong right front quadrant of the hurricane's circulation. A storm surge of 8 to 11 feet caused storm surge flooding along low lying coastal areas. This was the greatest storm surge flooding in Jackson County in nearly 30 years. In the east beach section of the Bellefontaine area, 23 of 27 homes were heavily damaged or destroyed by storm surge. Many businesses and industries located in low lying coastal areas were flooded causing considerable property damage and loss of revenue. The U.S. Navy facility at Pascagoula suffered $2.2 million in property damage, primarily roof and water damage.

Several unofficial anemometers recorded gusts between 85 and 100 mph in the Pascagoula area. Moderate wind damage was reported across the parish. Numerous commercial signs were destroyed, trees downed, roofs damaged, and power lines and poles downed.

1227 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated September 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm ADDITIONS/CORRECTIONS MISSISSIPPI, South

Approximately 4600 people sought refuge in public hurricane evacuation shelters in Jackson County. Two shelters, one in Gautier and one in Pascagoula, suffered wind damage to the roof at the height of the storm.

Due to the slow forward speed of Hurricane Georges, widespread heavy rainfall occurred over Jackson County and over the watershed of the Pascagoula and Escatawpa Rivers. Rainfall of 10 to 15 inches was common over Jackson County. River flooding developed over much of the county by September 28. A record flood crest of 20.82 feet was established on Red Creek at Vestry. On the Escatawpa River, a record flood crest of 22.70 feet was established at Agricola. Approximately 3,000 people were evacuated from flooded areas, primarily in the Escatawpa River basin, with hundreds of structures flooded in the county.

Pearl River County - Damage was mainly confined to downed tree limbs and trees, minor to moderate roof damage to homes and businesses, and power outages from downed power lines. Several secondary highways and roadways in the county were blocked by fallen trees. Storm total rainfall was fairly light with amounts of 2 to 4 inches common. About 200 people were sheltered in public hurricane evacuations shelters in the county. NEW JERSEY, South and Northwest Middlesex County Colonia 02 1845EST 0 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G50) A severe thunderstorm pulled down some wires in Woodbridge Township. Gloucester County Paulsboro to 02 1845EST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G67) Bells Lake 1909EST Gloucester County Woodbury to 02 1845EST 0 0 0 Lightning Mt Royal 1850EST Gloucester County 1 SE Clarksboro 02 1850EST 0.3 25 0 0 Tornado (F0) Gloucester County Cross Keys to 02 1910EST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G57) Cecil 1930EST Gloucester County Swedesboro 02 2008EST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G50) Gloucester County Clayton to 02 2020EST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G57) Newfield 2030EST A series of severe thunderstorms produced wind damage throughout most of Gloucester County as well as a weak tornado (F0 on the Fujita Scale) in East Greenwich Township. A couple of homes were damaged by downed trees. Two homes were also damaged by lightning and the ensuing fires in Woodbury and East Greenwich Township. No serious injuries were reported. About 3,000 homes and businesses lost power. The least damage was reported in the far northwestern part of the county.

The first thunderstorm started to produce wind damage in Paulsboro around 745 p.m. EDT. The thunderstorm peaked in intensity over East Greenwich and Mantua Townships. It was within East Greenwich Township that the funnel cloud which threatened both Chester and Delaware Counties touched down as a weak tornado around County House Road at 750 p.m. EDT. It briefly stayed on the ground before lifting. The Brown and Green Terrace areas were hit the hardest within the township. Shingles were ripped from roofs and at least one house was struck by a tree. A large tree also fell across the Conrail tracks. Straight-line wind gusts with the thunderstorm reached 77 mph in Clarksboro within East Greenwich Township and 63 mph in Washington Township. Wind damage from the first thunderstorm continued southeast with trees, limbs and wires knocked down in Pitman and Washington and Monroe Townships. In Cecil (within Monroe Township) one-quarter of a mile of a county road was blocked by downed trees. A second severe thunderstorm entered the county in Logan Township around 9 p.m. EDT and proceeded to down additional trees, limbs and wires in Woolwich Township, Swedesboro, Clayton, Washington Township, Newfield and Franklin Township. Monmouth County Clarksburg 02 1928EST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G50) A severe thunderstorm knocked some shingles off the homes and blew out several windows in Clarksburg. Warren County Hope to 07 1225EST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G50) Alpha 1240EST A squall line of severe thunderstorms knocked down trees and power lines mainly in the central and southern parts of Warren County.

1238 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated September 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm ADDITIONS/CORRECTIONS NEW JERSEY, South and Northwest About 1,000 homes and businesses lost power. Sussex County Stillwater to 07 1226EST 0 5 Thunderstorm Wind (G57) Sparta 1246EST A squall line of severe thunderstorms pulled down numerous trees and wires across the southern half of Sussex County. Five persons were injured at an Acme Supermarket in Sparta when a large plate glass window shattered. Trees and power lines were knocked down in Andover, Hopatcong, Lafayette Township, Newton, Sparta Township and Stillwater Township. The worst wind damage was reported around Newton with power lost to about 1,500 homes and businesses. Hunterdon County Countywide 07 1230EST 0 2 49K Thunderstorm Wind (G56) 1250EST A squall line of severe thunderstorms knocked over numerous trees and wires throughout Hunterdon County around 145 p.m. EDT. The squall line also capsized numerous boats on both the Spruce Run and Round Valley Reservoirs. While none of the boaters were seriously injured, two persons were in Delaware Township and Frenchtown Borough when they were hit by falling trees. Numerous roads were closed, but all county roads were reopened on the 8th. About 20,000 homes and businesses lost power in the county. Power was restored to everyone on the 9th. Considering the number of downed trees, structural damage to homes was considered minimal with about half a dozen homes damaged by downed trees. The property damage estimate was under $50,000.

The worst damage occurred in Alexandria, Holland, Kingwood and Raritan Townships and the Flemington, Frenchtown and Milford Boroughs. In Kingwood Township, numerous trees were down and a large section of the township south of New Jersey State Route 12 and east of County Route 519 were without power. The township also had the largest number of downed wire induced small fires. At least one home was damaged by a fallen tree. In Raritan Township, three roofs were damaged by fallen trees. Emergency personnel responded to about two dozen calls for help. About a dozen large trees were knocked down and four major roads were closed. A wall also tumbled at the old Jamesway section of the Flemington Mall. Most of Flemington Borough lost power during the storm. Booths were overturned at the fair. In Frenchtown Borough, a girl was injured while she was scrambling out of the Delaware River. A man was also injured when struck by a tree limb during a family reunion in Frenchtown Park. A garage and vehicle were crushed by fallen trees.

In Delaware Township, a tree sliced a house in half. A man was injured when he tried to move his vehicle away from trees on his property. In Lambertville Borough, five large trees were uprooted in an historic cemetery. A jet skier, his four-year-old daughter and four women were rescued from the Delaware River. In Clinton Township, catamarans were capsized on the Round Valley Reservoir, but the boaters swam to shore. Similarly, about a dozen boats capsized on the Spruce Run Reservoir. One person was pulled from the reservoir waters, the others swam ashore. In Bloomsbury Borough, one house was damaged by a fallen tree. In High Bridge Borough, picnic tables were flying and a large tree took down a wrought iron fence.

Other municipalities which reported downed whole trees and wires and had some road closures included Bethlehem Township, Clinton Township, East Amwell Township, Franklin Township, Hampton Borough, Readington Township, Stockton Borough, Union Township and West Amwell Township. A SKYWARN Spotter measured a wind gust to 64 mph in Whitehouse Station. Morris County Countywide 07 1245EST 0 2 Thunderstorm Wind (G57) 1305EST A squall line of severe thunderstorms knocked down trees and power lines in Morris County and injured two persons. A tree fell on a vehicle in Chatham Township. The shattered glass injured the woman driver and her two-year-old child received a bump on the head. Several homes and vehicles were damaged by fallen trees and several roads were blocked in Boonton Township, Chatham Borough, Dover Township, Florham Park Borough, Lake Parsippany, Montville Township and Rockaway Township. Major power outages were also reported in Butler Borough. GPU Energy reported about 85,000 customers in their central and northern New Jersey service area including Morris County lost power. Mercer County Countywide 07 1250EST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G56) 1310EST The southern edge of a squall line of severe thunderstorms moved through Mercer County around 2 p.m. EDT and knocked down numerous trees, limbs and power lines in the county and hit the northern half of the county the hardest. Major roads were closed and numerous power outages were reported. A wind gust to 65 mph was reported in Trenton.

In Hopewell Township, power was out west of County Route 579 and sections of New Jersey State Route 29 were closed. Numerous trees were uprooted. A house fire started when a power surge from downed wires doubled the incoming voltage in the house. Several appliances were damaged. In Hopewell Borough, emergency personnel responded to nearly 30 calls. Several cars and one house was damaged. In Pennington Borough, there were 20 emergency calls of downed trees and wires. Two roads were closed and

1249 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated September 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm ADDITIONS/CORRECTIONS NEW JERSEY, South and Northwest two homes were damaged by trees. One house had its porch crushed. In Ewing Township, major roads were closed. In Trenton in the Chambersburg area the wind lifted the entire roof off a three story duplex on Division Street. Another fallen tree pierced a house. The county itself responded to over 50 calls of assistance. In Lawrence Township, three homes were damaged by fallen trees. Another home had its chimney blown away. Princeton Township and Borough were also hard hit. About 50 trees were knocked down in both municipalities. Major roadways were closed including the Princeton Pike and U.S. Route 206. Some gravestones were knocked over at the Princeton Cemetery. A fallen tree also knocked over a section of its wrought iron fence. Fallen trees also crushed the front porch of one home and smashed through the roof of another home. A 41-year-old woman was injured after she was rear ended by another vehicle after she stopped for a fallen tree. In Hamilton Square, limbs and fences were knocked down.

Throughout the state of New Jersey, about 218,000 homes and businesses lost power during the height of the storm. Fifty-nine thousand customers were still without power the afternoon of the 8th, but by then most of the outages were confined to Middlesex, Somerset and Union Counties.

Somerset County Countywide 07 1250EST 0 1 2.7M Thunderstorm Wind (G61) 1310EST A squall line of severe thunderstorms rocked Somerset County around 2 p.m. EDT on Monday the 7th. It knocked down numerous trees and power lines and forced four municipalities in the northeastern part of the county to declare states of emergency. Hundreds, if not thousands of trees were knocked down. Numerous homes were damaged by the uprooted trees. Only one person was injured when a tree limb fell on them in Bound Brook. Some schools were closed on the 8th because power was still out and roads were still blocked. The county damage estimate was around 2.656 million dollars. Wind gusts were estimated by SKYWARN Spotters at around 70 mph in both Bridgewater and Hillsborough Townships. The damage from thunderstorm winds was the worst in the county since July of 1997. Throughout the state 218,000 homes and businesses were without power. Power was not fully restored in Middlesex, Somerset and Union Counties until Saturday the 12th.

States of Emergency were declared in North Plainfield Borough, South Bound Brook Borough, Warren Township and Watchung Borough. In North Plainfield Borough not one road in the borough was free of either downed trees or power lines. Massive oak trees were uprooted. In Warren Township, numerous homes were damaged. One house had a huge tree land in the master bedroom. In Watchung Borough, many residents who depend on well water were without any water when the electricity was lost.

In Bedminster Township, the southern end of the town was hit hard. In Bernards Township, a downed tree crushed a porch. Several roads were closed and at least one vehicle was damaged by fallen trees. In Bound Brook Borough, half the borough lost power as hundreds of trees were uprooted. Many side streets were closed and some cars and homes were damaged. In Bridgewater Township, four major roads were closed and there were about 60 reports of downed trees and/or wires. In Green Brook Township, almost every street had a downed tree. Most of the township lost power. Many utility poles were down. In Hillsborough Township, roads were blocked by fallen trees through Wednesday. In Millstone Borough, a 60 foot tree damaged a home.

Other municipalities that reported some downed trees and wires as well road closures included Branchburg Township, Montgomery Township, Far Hills Borough, Manville Borough, Raritan Borough and Somerville Borough. About 218,000 homes and businesses lost power throughout the state of New Jersey. Middlesex, Somerset and Union Counties were hardest hit. About 59,000 customers still did not have power the afternoon of the 8th. The number dropped to 12,000 on the 9th and 2,100 the morning of the 11th. Power was fully restored on the 12th. It was estimated that 2,100 power lines had to be replaced in central New Jersey. Mercer County Hopewell 07 1300EST 0 0 0 Lightning Lightning struck a house in Hopewell Borough and damaged its chimney. Somerset County Basking Ridge 07 1300EST 0 0 Hail (1.00) Mercer County Hamilton Square 07 1302EST 0 0 0 Lightning Lightning struck the roof of a house in Hamilton Square and started a fire. One side of the house and its electrical system were badly damaged. Somerset County 1 S Bound Brook 07 1305EST 0 2 0 Lightning Lightning struck a tree during a backyard barbecue in South Bound Brook and bounced off the tree and injured two men. Middlesex County Countywide 07 1310EST 0 1 1.9M Thunderstorm Wind (G60) 1320EST

12510 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated September 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm ADDITIONS/CORRECTIONS NEW JERSEY, South and Northwest A squall line of severe thunderstorms rocked Middlesex County around 215 p.m. EDT on Monday the 7th. It knocked down numerous trees and power lines and forced five municipalities in the northern part of the county to declare states of emergency. Over four dozen homes and businesses were damaged, mainly by fallen trees. Only one person was injured when a tree limb fell on them in South Brunswick. Some schools were closed on the 8th because power was still out and roads were still blocked. The county damage estimate was around 1.858 million dollars. Throughout the state 218,000 homes and businesses lost power. Power was not fully restored in Middlesex, Somerset and Union Counties until Saturday the 12th. Service was suspended on New Jersey Transit's North Jersey Coast Line between Bay Head and Newark because of downed lines.

States of Emergency were declared in Dunellen Borough, Edison Township, Middlesex Borough, South Plainfield Borough and Woodbridge Townships. In Dunellen Borough, a dozen streets were closed. Most of the borough lost power during the thunderstorm and 60 percent of the borough still did not have power the afternoon of the 8th. In Edison Township, major intersections were closed. Several roads were still closed the afternoon of the 8th. About 20 homes and businesses on the north side of town were damaged. In Middlesex Borough, there were about one hundred storm related incidences. Three homes were declared unsafe displacing 10 residents. About a dozen homes and numerous vehicles were damaged. Downed wires also started around 30 small fires. In South Plainfield, two homes and one swimming pool were damaged by fallen trees. Several vehicles were also damaged. In Woodbridge Township, numerous homes were damaged in the Avenel, Colonia and Iselin sections. An above ground pool was also crushed.

Damage was not confined to just these areas. In The Amboys many homes lost their water when the electricity went down. A few homes suffered minor damage from downed trees. In Piscataway Township, much of the town lost power as many trees were knocked down. Numerous trees were also knocked down in Old Bridge Township. Chimneys were knocked down in both North and South Brunswick Townships. The squall line also toppled some trees in New Brunswick and Plainsboro Township.

About 218,000 homes and businesses lost power throughout the state of New Jersey. Middlesex, Somerset and Union Counties were hardest hit. About 59,000 customers still did not have power the afternoon of the 8th. The number dropped to 12,000 on the 9th and 2,100 the morning of the 11th. Power was fully restored on the 12th. It was estimated that 2,100 power lines had to be replaced in Central New Jersey. Middlesex County Patricks Corner 07 1310EST 0 0 0 Lightning Lightning struck a home in East Brunswick Township. The roof briefly caught fire, but damaged was contained to that location. Lightning was also knocked out the Police Communications Center in South Brunswick. Burlington County Countywide 07 1315EST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G50) 1345EST The gust front associated with the severe thunderstorms that developed over Southeast Pennsylvania swept across Burlington County between 2 p.m. and 3 p.m. EDT. The thunderstorms dissipated over Pennsylvania and the gust front weakened as it moved across the county. Nevertheless some trees and wires were knocked down in the county, mainly in the northern sections bordering Mercer and Monmouth Counties. Trees were also uprooted on McGuire Air Force Base. About 3,000 homes and businesses lost power. Monmouth County Countywide 07 1315EST 1 30 Thunderstorm Wind (G65) 1340EST A squall line of severe thunderstorms capsized boats and downed trees and power lines throughout Monmouth County. A 56-year-old man drowned in Sandy Hook Bay after his fishing boat rolled over. About 30 persons were injured, mainly from hypothermia after their sailing vessels capsized mainly in Sandy Hook Bay. The United States Coast Guard rescued about 60 persons from overturned boats. Boats were described as being overturned left and right.

The 56-year-old man and his friend went fishing in a 14-foot-vessel. They were about 500 to 600 yards north of Leonard State Marina near Atlantic Highlands when the squall line hit. The boat apparently rolled over and the men were separated during the squall. One managed to swim to shore, but the other gentleman perished. In Sea Bright, lifeguards rescued persons hanging on to a capsized catamaran. Almost every municipality at or near the shore reported downed trees and wires with some vehicles damaged. Along the beaches umbrellas, chairs, towels, bags and boogie boards were tossed into the Atlantic. Some of the worst damage included siding ripped from one home in Long Branch and the partial tear off of a Summit Bank's roof in Hazlet. Wind damage was not confined to shore points either. A wind gust to 75 mph was reported in Freehold. The squall line also left a quarter mile wide strip of snapped poles in Millstone Township. Service was suspended on New Jersey Transit's North Jersey Coast Line between Bay Head and Newark because of downed lines. GPU energy reported 34,000 homes and businesses lost power in Monmouth and Ocean Counties. M56IW Middlesex County Sayreville 07 1320EST 0 0 Hail (0.88)

12611 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated September 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm ADDITIONS/CORRECTIONS NEW JERSEY, South and Northwest Ocean County Cassville to 07 1325EST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G56) Greenville 1345EST The southern edge of a squall line of severe thunderstorms pulled down trees and power lines in Jackson and Lakewood Townships. In Jackson Township, more than 20 trees were uprooted, some blocked roadways. A fence was knocked down and patio chairs were tossed. In Lakewood Township beside the uprooted trees, a Jiffy Lube sign fell on a car and an extended roof fell down at a lumber yard. GPU energy reported 34,000 homes and businesses lost power in Monmouth and Ocean Counties. Ocean County 2 N Bay Head to 07 1345EST 0 1 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G50) Island Beach 1400EST The southern edge of a squall line of severe thunderstorms capsized about half a dozen boats, as well as jet skis, toppled lifeguard stands and tossed umbrellas from Point Pleasant Beach south through Island Beach State Park. A parasailor was injured in Barnegat Bay near Toms River after the wind snapped the tow line and he fell 200 feet into the bay. Service was suspended on New jersey Transit's North Jersey Coast Line between Bay Head and Newark because of downed lines. GPU energy reported 34,000 homes and businesses lost power in Monmouth and Ocean Counties. NJZ008>010-012>013- Morris - Hunterdon - Somerset - Middlesex - Western Monmouth - Mercer - Salem - Gloucester - Camden - 015>023 Burlington - Western Ocean - Cumberland - Western Atlantic - Western Cape May 27 0900EST 0 00 Unseasonably Hot 1800EST A southwest flow of air brought another piece of the unseasonably hot air that affected the southern United States over the past couple of months over the area. High temperatures reached record breaking levels across much of the state of New Jersey. A cold front moved through the region early in the morning on the 28th and slowly dropped temperatures to seasonal levels. The west to east flow of air over the region the rest of the month also prevented the remnants of Hurricane Georges from affecting the area. High temperatures on the 27th included 94 degrees in Millville (Cumberland County), 93 degrees in Pennsauken (Camden County) and the Atlantic City International Airport (a new daily record high), 92 degrees in West Deptford (Gloucester County), Lumberton (Burlington County) and Trenton (Mercer County) and 91 degrees in Marlboro (Monmouth County) and New Brunswick (Middlesex County). NJZ001-007>010- Sussex - Warren - Morris - Hunterdon - Somerset - Middlesex - Western Monmouth - Eastern Monmouth - 012>026 Mercer - Salem - Gloucester - Camden - Burlington - Western Ocean - Cumberland - Western Atlantic - Western Cape May - Eastern Cape May - Eastern Atlantic - Eastern Ocean 30 2359EST 0 00 Unseasonably Warm And Dry September 1998 continued the trend of both warmer and drier than normal weather across New Jersey. The dry weather reduced the yields on crops throughout the region. It also prolonged water restrictions in some communities. For example, Chester Borough in Morris County extended its mandatory water restrictions through the end of October. On a county weighted average, monthly precipitation totals were 67 percent or less than normal in all counties. The greatest deficiencies were across the southern half of the state where less than half of the normal precipitation fell. The greatest deficiencies were in Burlington, Cumberland and Ocean Counties where only around 32 percent of normal rainfall fell. September monthly mean temperatures averaged around 3 degrees above normal. The mean temperature of 72.2 degrees at the Marina was the 5th warmest September on record. The mean temperature of 69.3 degrees at the Atlantic City International Airport was the 7th warmest September on record. It was also the 9th warmest September on record (71.8 degrees) at Philadelphia International Airport. NEW YORK, West Niagara County Olcott 06 2255EST 0 0 250K 2M Thunderstorm Wind Niagara County Barker 06 2300EST 0 1 Lightning Orleans County Shelby 06 2300EST 0 0 5M 5M Thunderstorm Wind Orleans County Clarendon 06 2310EST 0 0 100K Hail (0.75) Monroe County Rochester Arpt 06 2315EST 0 1 20M 2M Thunderstorm Wind (G78) Monroe County Brockport 06 2320EST 0 0 350K Thunderstorm Wind Genesee County Batavia 06 2325EST 0 0 100K Thunderstorm Wind

12712 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated September 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm ADDITIONS/CORRECTIONS NEW YORK, West Monroe County Pittsford 06 2330EST 0 0 1.2M Thunderstorm Wind Wayne County Macedon 06 2330EST 0 0 5M Thunderstorm Wind Cayuga County Cato 07 0000EST 0 0 5M 1M Thunderstorm Wind Ontario County Victor 07 0020EST 0 0 1M Thunderstorm Wind Oswego County Phoenix 07 0020EST 0 0 500K Thunderstorm Wind Wayne County Lyons 07 0020EST 0 0 5M 500K Thunderstorm Wind Severe thunderstorms moved onshore over northeast Niagara county shortly before midnight near Olcott and Golden Hill State Park in Barker. The line of storms quickly moved across Orleans, Monroe, Wayne, Ontario, and northern Cayuga counties. Across the area the damage path was nearly one hundred miles long and five to ten miles wide. Winds were estimated between 80 and 100 mph throughout the two hour event. Along the entire path, damage and debris all laid in an easterly direction consistent with the damage from straight-line winds. Most of the damage consisted of downed trees and limbs. The falling trees and limbs in turn downed power and telephone lines and resulted in damage to buildings and automobiles. Power outages, some lasting nearly a week, were widespread across parts of Orleans, Monroe and Wayne counties. Hundreds of thousands of customers were without power. The strong winds themselves also resulted in structural damage to homes, barns and buildings along the path including some in Lydonville, Albion, Holley, Brockport, Bushnells Basin, Macedon and Clyde. Several aircraft were damaged at the Rochester Airport where wind gusts were measured at 89 mph. States of Emergency were declared throughout Monroe and Wayne counties and sections of Orleans county. Monroe, Wayne and Cayuga counties were declared federal disaster areas. The strong winds severely damaged apple crops and trees from Niagara across Orleans and Monroe through Wayne counties. At the Golden Hill State Park, a 42 year-old man was struck by lightning but only slightly injured. OKLAHOMA, Western, Central and Southeast OKZ025 Oklahoma 04 1100CST 1 0 Excessive Heat Excessive heat and drought conditions affected western and central Oklahoma from May through early October with the most intense heat and severe drought conditions occurring from mid-June through early September across central and southern Oklahoma. The excessive heat and drought was less severe across northwest and north central Oklahoma. There were 19 fatalities and at least 3 injuries directly related to the heat. Agricultural losses are estimated at nearly 2 billion dollars for the entire state of Oklahoma. Sixty of Oklahoma's 77 counties were declared federal disaster areas.

Heat and drought conditions began in May, intensified in July and August, and diminished in September and early October. Oklahoma City experienced its 6th warmest and 16th driest May on record. Heat and drought conditions escalated after June 11th, which was the last day of widespread rainfall across western and central Oklahoma until early September. The heat and drought then ended in early October when widespread rain and cooler temperatures returned.

The first fatality directly related to the heat occurred on June 21st , when an 81 year-old woman was found dead in her house in Oklahoma City (Oklahoma County). A 76 year-old man was then found dead in his Del City (Oklahoma County) home on June 29th. The heat claimed 15 lives in July. Two persons died on the 9th. A 46 year-old man was found dead in a hotel room in Oklahoma City with no air conditioning. The temperature in the room was 115 degrees. A 73 year-old man was then found dead in his Oklahoma City home. On July 10th , a 79 year-old man was found dead in his mobile home in Mulhall (Logan County). Another heat related fatality occurred on the 11th, when a 51 year-old woman was found dead in her home in Wewoka (Seminole County).

On July 17th, in Altus (Jackson County), a 79 year-old man was found dead in his home, while on the 19th, there were 3 heat related deaths reported. The first fatality occurred to a man of unknown age. He was found dead in his vehicle in Oklahoma City. The second fatality occurred in Guthrie (Logan County) when a 55 year-old man was found dead in his house, while the 3rd fatality occurred to a 78 year-old woman when she was found dead in her Oklahoma City apartment. On July 20th, a 78 year-old woman was found dead in her Duncan (Stephens County) home, while on the 21st, another 78 year-old woman was found dead in her home, this time in Guthrie (Logan County). Two persons died in their homes from the heat on the 27th, the first, a 61 year-old man from Oklahoma City, the second, a 67 year-old man found from Cromwell (Seminole County). The last heat related fatality occurred on the 30th, when a 62 year-old woman was found dead in her Oklahoma City home.

Three heat related fatalities were reported in August. The first occurred on the 2nd when a 53 year-old man was found dead inside his

12813 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated September 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm ADDITIONS/CORRECTIONS OKLAHOMA, Western, Central and Southeast Oklahoma City home. The second heat related fatality occurred on the 3rd, when an 82 year-old man was found dead inside his Oklahoma City home. The last heat related fatality in August occurred on the 5th in Gene Autry (Carter County) when a 76 year-old man was found dead inside his home. Only one heat related fatality was reported in September, and occurred on the 4th. A 76 year-old man was found dead outside of a retirement home in Oklahoma City. He was found after he went for a walk and did not return.

Only 3 heat related injuries were reported during the 5 month-long heat and drought. Three US Army troop members from Fort Sill (Comanche County) were rushed to a local hospital on July 22nd and treated for heat related injuries.

Statistics provided by the Oklahoma State Department of Agriculture indicate economic losses of approximately 2 billion dollars to Oklahoma's agriculture business. Figures were not available for individual counties. Hay and cotton crops were particularly affected. Hay producers harvested only 30 to 80 percent of the normal yield, a loss of perhaps 80 million dollars. Cotton production was reduced by about 70 percent, a loss of 38 million dollars. Other crops such as grain sorghum, peanuts and soybeans also suffered major losses. In total, crop losses across Oklahoma were near 500 million dollars, but because of the multiplying effect on the overall economy, the ecomonic impact is closer to 2 billion dollars.

The summer of 1998 (June-August) was the 4th hottest and 5th driest on record in Oklahoma City. The drought ended gradually in September and early October, but record warm temperatures continued through September. Oklahoma City recorded an average temperature of 81.2 degrees in September, 2nd hottest September on record. The summer of 1980, considered to be the last major period of excessive heat and drought to affect central and western Oklahoma, still ranks as the hottest summer ever for Oklahoma City, however Oklahoma City did experience a drier summer in 1998 than in 1980. M76PH Murray County 6 SE Sulphur 10 1700CST 0 1 Lightning A wildfire started by lightning burned 5000 acres. More than 12 fire departments were needed to contain the fire. One man was injured when he burned his hand on an equipment motor. Kay County 1.5 SW Blackwell 21 1017CST 0 0 10K Thunderstorm Wind Kay County Blackwell 21 1020CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G52) Blaine County Okeene 21 1450CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Major County 5 S Isabella 21 1450CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Major County 4 SE Ames 21 1504CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G61) Major County 3 SE Ames 21 1510CST 0 0 Hail (1.00) Garfield County Enid 21 1515CST 0 0 1K Lightning Garfield County 3 S Waukomis to 21 1540CST 1 100 0 0 35K Tornado (F1) 3 SE Waukomis 1542CST Garfield County Bison 21 1545CST 0 0 0.01K Thunderstorm Wind Garfield County 2 SE Bison 21 1550CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G87) Dewey County Seiling 21 1610CST 0 0 0.01K Thunderstorm Wind Kingfisher County 12 E Hennessey 21 1610CST 0 0 0.20K Thunderstorm Wind Logan County 3 SW Marshall 21 1610CST 0 0 0.01K Thunderstorm Wind Garfield County 6 S Covington 21 1615CST 0 0 Hail (0.88)

12914 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated September 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm ADDITIONS/CORRECTIONS OKLAHOMA, Western, Central and Southeast Logan County 3 SE Marshall 21 1620CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G57) 1630CST Logan County 9 N Crescent to 21 1625CST 1.5 50 0 0 1K Tornado (F0) 8 W Mulhall 1627CST Major County 5 SE Chester 21 1625CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Kay County Blackwell 21 1630CST 0 0 Hail (1.00) Kingfisher County 7 NE Hennessey 21 1634CST 0 0 Hail (1.00) Logan County 7 W Marshall 21 1634CST 0 0 Hail (1.00) Kay County Blackwell 21 1635CST 0 0 Hail (1.75) 1645CST Blaine County 2 W Canton 21 1645CST 0.5 50 0 0 3K Tornado (F0) Dewey County 9 E Hucmac 21 1645CST 0.5 50 0 0 3K Tornado (F0) Blaine County Eagle City 21 1650CST 0 0 60K Lightning Logan County Mulhall 21 1650CST 0 0 Hail (2.75) Blaine County 5 E Canton 21 1700CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G52) Logan County 3 SW Langston 21 1710CST 0 0 4K Thunderstorm Wind (G69) Major County Ringwood 21 1710CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G52) Alfalfa County Aline 21 1715CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Payne County 3 NW Perkins 21 1715CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Payne County 3 NW Perkins 21 1715CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Blaine County 1 E Canton 21 1730CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Lincoln County 6 N Carney 21 1733CST 0 0 Hail (1.00) Lincoln County 5 NW Tryon 21 1740CST 0 0 Hail (1.00) Kingfisher County Loyal 21 1745CST 0 0 6.5K Thunderstorm Wind Kingfisher County 3 W Loyal 21 1745CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G52) Lincoln County 3 W Tryon 21 1750CST 0 0 Hail (1.75) Kingfisher County 1 N Loyal 21 1800CST 0 0 2K Thunderstorm Wind

13015 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated September 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm ADDITIONS/CORRECTIONS OKLAHOMA, Western, Central and Southeast Kingfisher County Kingfisher 21 1805CST 0 0 5K Thunderstorm Wind Lincoln County 7 N Chandler 21 1805CST 0 0 Hail (1.75) Kay County 5 NW Braman 21 1823CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G52) Kay County 4 N Braman 21 1825CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G52) Logan County 10 SW Guthrie to 21 1900CST 0 5 3.5M Thunderstorm Wind 8 SE Guthrie 1920CST Logan County 4 SW Guthrie 21 1900CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G69) 1905CST Logan County Guthrie 21 1915CST 0 0 0.50K Lightning Logan County 5 SW Seward 21 1925CST 0 0 Hail (1.75) Oklahoma County 3 N Arcadia 21 1925CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G61) Oklahoma County 5 NE Edmond 21 1925CST 0 0 Hail (1.75) Oklahoma County 5 NE Edmond 21 1925CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G61) Oklahoma County Jones to 21 1925CST 1 10 2M Thunderstorm Wind 2 NE Harrah 1950CST M2MH Oklahoma County 2 W Arcadia 21 1930CST 0 0 Hail (1.00) Oklahoma County Oklahoma City 21 1935CST 0 0 200K Lightning Oklahoma County 2 NE Spencer 21 1940CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G52) Measured by Oklahoma Mesonet. Oklahoma County Edmond 21 1945CST 0 0 20K Thunderstorm Wind Lincoln County 3 NW Midway to 21 1950CST 0 0 20K Thunderstorm Wind 2 NW Midway 1955CST Oklahoma County Oklahoma City 21 1950CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G52) Lincoln County Chandler 21 2000CST 0 0 3K Lightning Payne County Cushing 21 2000CST 0 0 0.10K Thunderstorm Wind (G64) Cleveland County 4 W Moore 21 2020CST 0 0 1.5K Thunderstorm Wind Cleveland County Norman 21 2020CST 0 0 1K Thunderstorm Wind (G52) Cleveland County Slaughterville 21 2020CST 0 0 0.50K Lightning

13116 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated September 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm ADDITIONS/CORRECTIONS OKLAHOMA, Western, Central and Southeast Oklahoma County Tinker Afb 21 2020CST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G68) Pottawatomie County Shawnee 21 2031CST 0 3 35K Thunderstorm Wind Garvin County 8 E Pauls Valley 21 2140CST 0 0 22K Thunderstorm Wind Seminole County Wewoka 21 2150CST 0 0 2K Thunderstorm Wind Hughes County Holdenville 21 2155CST 0 0 2K Thunderstorm Wind Murray County Sulphur 21 2255CST 0 0 9K Lightning Severe thunderstorms developed over much of western and central Oklahoma from late morning through late evening of the 21st, and were responsible for 1 fatality and 18 injuries. Four tornadoes were also sighted. Storms first developed in Kay County during the late morning where a semi-truck was blown over 1.5 miles southwest of Blackwell near the intersection of Highway 11 and Interstate 35. Severe thunderstorms then redeveloped over Major and Blaine Counties a few hours later. As these storms moved east into Garfield County, a tornado was spotted 3 miles south of Waukomis moving east. This tornado, rated an F0, knocked down or snapped 40 to 50 power poles, damaged several outbuildings, and destroyed numerous trees. One large diesel storage tank was picked up and desposited one-half mile away. A pickup truck containing 2 occupants was also picked up a short distance from the road and dropped on the side of the road near a creek. Both occupants were uninjured. A semi-trailer was also blown off the highway. As the tornado dissipated, severe thunderstorm winds blew down large tree limbs in Bison, and lightning from the same complex of thunderstorms struck a house in Enid, causing a short in the wiring, which then started a small house fire. Large tree limbs were also downed in Seiling in Dewey County, while a rain gutter from a house was ripped off by the winds 12 miles east of Hennessey in Kingfisher County breaking several flower pots. Large tree limbs were also downed in the same location.

As the thunderstorms moved into Logan County, Oklahoma Mesonet measured wind gusts of 59 mph and 66 mph at 1620 CST and 1630 CST respectively 3 miles southeast of Marshall. A weak, F0 tornado was then spotted 9 miles north of Crescent, just west of State Highway 74. The tornado uprooted several trees while crossing the highway, then quickly dissipated. Another weak tornado, an F0, was spotted on the Blaine/Dewey County border 2 miles west of Canton, knocking down trees and power poles. The same thunderstorm was responsible for a lightning strike at the Old Christian Church in Eagle City in Blaine County causing a fire that destroyed the church. As these storms moved east, thunderstorm winds damaged a fence, silo, and several trees in Logan County 3 miles southwest of Langston. Several power poles were blown down 1 mile north of Loyal in Kingfisher County, while in the city of Loyal 13 power poles were snapped, and large tree limbs were blown down. Widespread wind damage occurred in the city of Kingfisher consisting of downed trees and power lines over a 12 square block area on the northwest side of the city. The garage of a house also shifted causing roof damage.

Oklahoma Mesonet measured wind gusts of 63 mph and 80 mph at 1900 CST and 1905 CST respectively 4 miles southwest of Guthrie in Logan County. Straight-line winds then produced a large swath of damage to mobile homes, house roofs, trees, power poles and power lines in a 4 by 6 mile area across southern Logan County bounded by Western Ave to the west, Interstate 35 to the east, Forest Hills Road to the north, and Waterloo Road to the south. The worst damage occurred in a 1/2 by 1 1/2 mile area near Oak Cliff. Two-hundred fifty residents were damaged. Of these, 10 homes and business building were destroyed, while 41 structures suffered major damage. One hundred sixty-one single family homes, 43 mobile homes, 7 businesses, and 1 apartment complex suffered minor structural damage. Total damage estimates were near 3.5 million dollars. Five persons were injured, consisting mostly of broken fingers and cuts. No one was seriously injured. Lightning also struck an oil tank at Pine and Industrial in Guthrie, starting a fire that was quickly extinguised.

Unusually strong straight-line winds also left a swath of damage roughly 8 miles long and 2 miles wide from just east of Jones in eastern Oklahoma County, east-southeast into extreme western Lincoln County 3 miles northeast of Harrah. A two year-old boy was killed, and ten persons were injured, 8 of which were transported to local hospitals. Damage was estimated at about 2 million dollars. Damage was intermittent from east of Jones to north of Horseshoe Lake and was limited mainly to fallen tree limbs. A more persistent area of wind damage about 1.5 miles wide was found from near Luther Road and Wilshire southeast to near the county line and Northeast 50th. Widespread tree damage occurred in this area along with structural damage to several homes. By far the most concentrated area of damage was along a half-mile wide swath from Harrah Road and 63rd extending east-southeast. Several mobile homes were completely destroyed in this area, one of which disintegrated with the frame left wrapped around a tree. All of the destroyed mobile homes were perpendicular to the wind or nearly so and thus were hit broadside by the full force of the wind. The level of damage in this swath is estimated at strong F1 suggesting that maximum winds probably were between 100 and 110 mph.

13217 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated September 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm ADDITIONS/CORRECTIONS OKLAHOMA, Western, Central and Southeast Damage in Lincoln County consisted of downed power lines, uprooted trees, and damaged outbuildings in a half-mile wide by one-mile long swath just north of Highway 62. One barn also disintegrated as it was picked up by the wind and carried nearly one-quarter of a mile. In total, 75 homes were damaged; 11 suffered major damage, and six (All mobile homes) were destroyed. Three mobile homes were found to be totally disintegrated and one other that was rolled from its foundation. Several eyewitness reports indicated that at least some of these mobile homes were airborne while or just before they were destroyed. The fatality, and most of the injuries, were residents who were in the destroyed mobile homes when the winds struck. The last report of damage in Lincoln County occurred in Chandler, where lightning struck numerous transformers and power poles, knocking out power to all of Chandler for 5 hours.

Severe thunderstorm winds also downed trees, wires, and numerous power poles all across the city of Edmond in Oklahoma County. Seven thousand residents were left without power for several hours. One tree fell on a car, and the canopy was blown off at Juffy Lube on 2nd Street, east of Bryant. Farther south and east, a tree was blown down near the Mazzio's Pizza on State Highway in Cushing in Payne County; highway signs and numerous trees were downed near Highway 44 in Cleveland County 4 miles west of Moore, and trees and power lines were blown down in Norman, also in Cleveland County. Lightning struck an oil tank battery in Slaughterville in Cleveland County, causing a fire that burned for about 1 hour before being extinguished. A mobile home was blown off its foundation and destroyed in Shawnee in Pottawatomie County. Five persons were inside the home including 3 children who were injured from minor cuts and bruises. The roof was also blown off of a boathouse at Shawnee Lake, also in Pottawatomie County. Numerous Numerous power lines were downed 8 miles east of Pauls Valley in Garvin County knocking out power to 500 residents, while a house sustained significant roof damage from strong winds. Rain poured into the house causing an estimated $20,000 in damage. Power lines and large tree limbs were downed in Wewoka in Seminole County and Holdenville in Hughes County. Lastly, Lightning struck a tree in Sulphur in Murray County, killing 3 cows and an angus bull standing under it. Oklahoma County Midwest City 22 0600CST 0 0 10K Lightning Payne County Stillwater 22 0900CST 0 1 Lightning Garfield County Carrier 22 0935CST 0 0 0.50K Thunderstorm Wind Payne County 11 SW Stillwater 22 1040CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Scattered thunderstorms developed over portions of central Oklahoma the morning of the 22nd. Numerous trees and power lines were downed in Carrier in Garfield County, while lightning struck 2 homes in Midwest City in Oklahoma County setting them on fire. The first home, on Ruby Lane, was struck near the front peak of the garage roof igniting a fire in the rafters. The other lightning strike occurred at a house on Godlin Road damaging the wiring which then started a fire. Lighting also struck a student at Oklahoma State University in Stillwater (Payne County), knocking him unconscious while he was standing near the skywalk of the Human Environmental Sciences building. He was transported to Stillwater Medical Center and treated, then released the next day in good condition. Payne County Ripley 30 1505CST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Payne County Ripley 30 1505CST 0 0 0.50K Thunderstorm Wind An isolated severe thunderstorm developed over Ripley in Payne County resulting in downed trees and dime size hail. A section of roof was also ripped off at the old high school gymnasium. PACIFIC Guam Countywide 11 2000SST 0 0 Urban/Sml Stream Fld 12 0000SST Guam Countywide 12 0400SST 0 0 Urban/Sml Stream Fld 1000SST Saipan Garapan 27 1500SST 1 0 Rip Currents 1600SST M20IW Active Monsoon trough developed in the region of Guam. The trough and a few weak circulations that developed in the trough brought periods of heavy rains to Guam on the 11th and 12th. On the 11th 0.75 of an inch of rain fell at the Tiyan Weather Service Office from 2000 to 2100 local. An additional 1.33 inches of rain fell from 2200 local to midnight. On the 12th 1.58 inches of rain

13318 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated September 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm ADDITIONS/CORRECTIONS PACIFIC fell from 4 to 10 local time. One of the small circulations on the trough eventually developed into Tropical Depression 08W.

On the 27th Dong Suk Kim, who was about 20 years old, was walking along the beach in Saipan with a friend. The both of them were looking for a third friend. At about 1500 local they were hit by a huge wave. Dong's friend managed to hold onto a rock, but Dong was swept out into the sea. Rescue divers found Dong's body under about 41 feet of water. PENNSYLVANIA, East Northampton County Walnutport to 02 1645EST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G57) Portland 1715EST Northampton County Chapman 02 1650EST 0 0 Hail (0.75) A severe thunderstorm produced wind damage across the northern tier of Northampton County from Lehigh Township east through Portland. Trees fell on homes and vehicles and blocked several roads. Five thousand homes and businesses lost power in the county. In Moore Township, law enforcement officials called it the worst thunderstorm to affect the township in about 15 years. Within the township, the Chapman Borough area was hardest hit with over a dozen large trees down. Pennsylvania State Route 946 was closed. One chimney came crashing through the roof of one house, while a large tree damaged an abandoned home. The Danielsville area of Lehigh Township was hit the hardest. One swimming pool was blown into the street. Chester County Westtown 02 1800EST 0 0 Hail (1.00) Chester County Westtown 02 1800EST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G50) Chester County Pocopson to 02 1805EST 0 00 0 Funnel Cloud Birmingham 1810EST A severe thunderstorm knocked down several trees in eastern Chester County and produced quarter size hail in Westtown. The thunderstorm also produced a couple of funnel clouds that were observed by emergency and law enforcement personnel over Pocopson and Birmingham Townships. The funnel cloud did not touch down until the thunderstorm reached Gloucester County, New Jersey. Delaware County Thornton to 02 1810EST 0 00 0 Funnel Cloud Chester 1832EST The same thunderstorm that produced funnel clouds in eastern Chester County continued to do so in Delaware County from Thornbury Township southeast to the Commodore Barry Bridge. The funnel cloud did not touch down until it reached Gloucester County, New Jersey. Monroe County Snydersville 02 2045EST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G50) A severe thunderstorm knocked down several trees and power lines in Hamilton Township. Carbon County Weatherly 07 1135EST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Carbon County Countywide 07 1135EST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G50) 1155EST A squall line of severe thunderstorms knocked down several trees and power lines throughout the county. A couple of roads were blocked by fallen trees. About 4,000 homes and businesses in the Poconos lost power. Berks County Robesonia 07 1140EST 0 0 Hail (0.75) Berks County Central Portion 07 1145EST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G60) 1155EST A severe thunderstorm caused considerable wind damage in central Berks County hitting Reading, Muhlenberg Township and Laureldale the hardest. Almost a dozen homes were damaged by fallen trees and dozens of roads were closed. Two people were trapped, but apparently unharmed when a tree fell on their vehicle. In Reading alone portions of six roofs were blown off. In Spring Township, the thunderstorm winds blew down walls to the Pennsylvania National Bank that were under construction. Numerous limbs and wires were also knocked down in Wyomissing and West Reading. About 34,100 homes and businesses throughout the

13419 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated September 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm ADDITIONS/CORRECTIONS PENNSYLVANIA, East county lost power. About 12,000 customers still did not have power restored the morning of the 8th. The peak wind gust at the Reading Regional Airport reached 69 mph. Monroe County .1 W Buck Hill Falls to 07 1145EST 3 30 0 0 0 Tornado (F1) Canadensis 1150EST An F1 tornado (classified as a weak tornado on the Fujita Scale) touched down just to the west of Buck Hill Falls in Barrett Township at 1245 p.m. EDT. The tornado touched down near Pennsylvania State Route 191 and proceeded east through Buck Hill Falls and lifted in Canadensis. The track length was 3.0 miles and the track width was 30 yards. Most of the damage was inflicted on the trees as hundreds were either damaged or uprooted. Six homes sustained minor damage, mainly from trees falling on them. No serious injuries were reported. SKYWARN spotters also reported that straight-line winds associated with the same thunderstorm knocked over a few other trees across the northern part of Monroe County. About 4,000 homes and businesses lost power in the Poconos. Berks County Bechtelsville to 07 1200EST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G55) Boyertown A severe thunderstorm caused wind damage across Eastern Berks County from Bechtelsville through Colebrookdale Township into Boyertown. Numerous trees, limbs and wires were knocked down. In Colebrookdale Township, an office trailer was blown into a vehicle. About 34,100 homes and businesses throughout the county lost power; 4,000 of the outages were in Boyertown. Lehigh County Alburtis to 07 1200EST 0 1 Thunderstorm Wind (G55) Allentown 1215EST A squall line of severe thunderstorms knocked over tree limbs and wires in Lehigh County. The wind damage intensified in the southeast part of the county as larger trees were knocked down. A 71-year-old man was injured on 7th Street in Allentown as a large tree limb landed on him. Several vehicles within Allentown were damaged by fallen trees. Trees up to two feet in diameter were knocked over in Lower Macungie Township and closed a couple of roadways. About 3,000 homes and businesses lost power in Lehigh County, mainly in and around Allentown. Northampton County Bethlehem to 07 1210EST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G50) Bangor 1220EST A squall line of severe thunderstorms pulled down large limbs and wires in Northampton County. The wind damage intensified in the southeast half of the county. Outages were reported in Bangor, Bethlehem and Easton. The greatest concentration was around Bethlehem with 1,200 homes and businesses losing power. Chester County 3 N Bucktown 07 1215EST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G57) A squall line of severe thunderstorms knocked over about half a dozen trees in North Coventry Township. The severe thunderstorms also ripped half of an aluminum roof off a business establishment. Bucks County Milford Square 07 1220EST 0 0 300K 0 Lightning Lightning struck the chimney of a home in Milford Township and the ensuing fire burned the house to the ground. Sixty firefighters from ten different companies responded to the blaze. Damage was estimated between $250,000 and $300,000. Bucks County Countywide 07 1225EST 0 6 Thunderstorm Wind (G65) 1300EST A squall line of severe thunderstorms pulled down trees and power lines in Bucks County. A child was killed by a fallen limb after the thunderstorms passed and six persons were injured during the height of the storm. The hardest hit municipalities included Bridgeton, Nockamixon and Solebury Townships and the Doylestown area. About 13,000 homes and businesses lost power during the height of the storm.

In Upper Makefield Township, a 14-month-old child in the Washington Crossing area was struck in the head by a 100 pound limb at about 620 p.m. EDT. He was playing outdoors while his parents were clearing debris. The limb was damaged during the storm and gave way. The child suffered massive head injuries and died the next day. Four roads were blocked by fallen trees in the township.

In Northern Bucks County, six major roadways were blocked by fallen trees in Nockamixon Township. Downed trees blocked access to a few roads in Bridgeton Township. Numerous power outages occurred in Erwinna, Kintnersville, Ottsville, Pipersville, Tinicum and Upper Black Eddy. Farther south in Solebury Township damage was described as pretty extensive with many roads blocked by trees and wires. In the Doylestown area six injuries occurred. In New Britain Township, two people were injured when the trailer they occupied was blown into a tree at the Shrine of Our Lady of Czestochowa. Tents were also damaged at the shrine. In Buckingham Township, a woman was pinned under a fallen tree. Another tree damaged a store. In Doylestown itself, the brick

13520 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated September 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm ADDITIONS/CORRECTIONS PENNSYLVANIA, East facing of one home was torn down by the severe thunderstorm. There were about 40 calls of downed trees and wires and at least one vehicle was crushed.

In Lower Bucks County trees and power lines were knocked down in Falls Township, Levittown, Middletown Township, Wrightstown Township and Yardley. In Yardley, several large trees were knocked down. They damaged a couple of vehicles, knocked off the gutters to one home and caused many detours. In Middletown Township, a driver was uninjured when he drove into a downed tree on the road. Chester County 3 E West Chester 07 1235EST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G50) A squall line of severe thunderstorms knocked down a couple of trees and wires in East Goshen Township. Frequent lightning also contributed to power outages in the county. There were about 3,000 cloud to ground lightning strikes in Chester and Montgomery Counties. About 50,000 PECO Energy customers lost power in Southeast Pennsylvania. There were 19,000 outages in Chester County. All power was restored by 9 p.m. EDT the evening of the 7th. Delaware County 3 NW Chester Hgts 07 1245EST 0 0 Thunderstorm Wind (G50) A squall line of severe thunderstorms knocked down some large limbs and a few trees in Thornbury Township. Frequent lightning also contributed to power outages in the county. About 50,000 PECO Energy customers lost power in Southeast Pennsylvania. There were 5,000 outages in Delaware County. All power was restored the night of the 7th. Philadelphia County Philadelphia 07 1245EST 0 1 Thunderstorm Wind (G57) 1255EST A squall line of severe thunderstorms knocked down trees and large limbs in Philadelphia, mainly in the northeast and northwest parts of the city. One person was injured when a tree fell on their vehicle. PAZ060>062-067>071Berks - Lehigh - Northampton - Chester - Montgomery - Bucks - Delaware - Philadelphia 27 0900EST 0 00 Unseasonably Hot 1800EST A southwest flow of air brought another piece of the unseasonably hot air that affected the southern United States over the past couple of months over the area. High temperatures reached record breaking levels across much of Eastern Pennsylvania. A cold front moved through the region early in the morning on the 28th and slowly dropped temperatures to seasonal levels. The west to east flow of air over the region the rest of the month also prevented the remnants of Hurricane Georges from affecting the area. High temperatures on the 27th included 93 degrees in Crum Creek (Delaware County) and the Franklin Institute within Philadelphia, 91 degrees at the Philadelphia International Airport (a new daily record), New Hope (Bucks County) and Reading (Berks County), 90 degrees at the Willow Grove NAS, 89 degrees in Easton (Northampton County) and 88 degrees at the Lehigh Valley International Airport (also a new daily record). PAZ054>055-060>062- Carbon - Monroe - Berks - Lehigh - Northampton - Chester - Montgomery - Bucks - Delaware - Philadelphia 067>071 30 2359EST 0 00 Unseasonably Warm And Dry September 1998 continued the trend of both warmer and drier than normal weather across Eastern Pennsylvania. The warmest and driest weather occurred in and around the Philadelphia Metropolitan Area. On a county weighted average, monthly precipitation totals were below normal in all counties, but were less than 50 percent of normal in Chester, Delaware, Montgomery and Philadelphia Counties. The monthly mean temperature of 71.8 degrees at Philadelphia International Airport was the 9th warmest September on record. TEXAS, Central Southeast Galveston County Galveston 10 1909CST 0.5 25 0 0 10K Tornado (F0) 1911CST Brief tornado touchdown on the west end of Galveston Island. House sustained structural damage. TEXAS, South Central De Witt County Countywide 16 1500CST 0 0 15K 10K Flash Flood 1730CST Lavaca County West Portion 16 1500CST 0 0 3K 0 Flash Flood 1600CST Again, scattered showers and thunderstorms redeveloped in the early afternoon, continuing to produce heavy rainfall over much of the two county area. Soils had remained saturated from the previous day's rainfall, and flash flooding devleoped very quickly. General

13621 Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena

Time Path Path Number of Estimated September 1998 Local/ Length Width Persons Damage Location Date Standard (Miles) (Yards) Killed Injured Property Crops Character of Storm ADDITIONS/CORRECTIONS TEXAS, South Central 1-2 inch rainfall was reported. The worst of the flooding occurred in DeWitt County, where isolated totals of up to 8 inches were observed. The highest totals in Lavaca County were 3 inches, indicated in the western part of the county. Dimmit County North Portion 16 2000CST 0 0 5K 10K Flash Flood 2300CST Zavala County South Portion 16 2100CST 0 0 5K 10K Flash Flood 2330CST Maverick County South Portion 16 2330CST 0 0 5K 15K Flash Flood 17 0130CST Scattered showers and thunderstorms began to develop in the early evening hours between Catarina and Carrizo Springs. The storms spread slowly northwestward, and into Zavala and Maverick Counties by 9 pm. Rainfall continued across the three county area with rates of 2 inches per hour at times. General totals from the event were 1 to 2 inches, with isolated amounts of 4 inches between Big Wells and Carrizo Springs, 3 inch amounts across the western half of Zavala County, and totals to 5 inches between Eagle Pass and El Indio. Sheriffs departments in the three counties reported numerous roads closed briefly due to the flooding. TEXAS, Western North Wichita County Burkburnett 22 1200CST 0 0 3K Lightning Lightning struck and killed a 6 year old horse, and knocked all the radios off the air at the police station.

13722 Reference Notes:

Storm Data Disclosure

Storm Data is an official publication of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) which documents the occurrence of storms and other significant weather phenomena having sufficient intensity to cause loss of life, injuries, significant property damage, and/or disruption to commerce. In addition, it is a partial record of other significant meteorological events, such as record maximum or minimum temperatures or precipitation that occurs in connection with another event.

Some of the information appearing in Storm Data may have been provided by or gathered from sources outside the National Weather Service (NWS), such as the media, law enforcement and/or other government agencies, private companies, individuals, etc. An effort is made to use the best available information, but because of time and resource constraints, information from these sources may be unverified by the NWS. Therefore, when using information from Storm Data, customers should be cautious as the NWS does not guarantee the accuracy or validity of the information. Further, when it is apparent information appearing in Storm Data originated from a source outside the National Weather Service (frequently credit is provided), Storm Data customers requiring additional information should contact that source directly. In most cases, NWS employees will not have the knowledge to respond to such requests. In cases of legal proceedings, under Department of Commerce regulations and/or rules of the court, NWS employees are not legally obligated to provide written or verbal testimony.

Fatality Codes: For events that include a fatality, there is a code containing the gender, age and fatality location at the end of the event narrative. 1st letter: Gender (M/F) – 2nd numbers: Age – 3rd letters Fatality location (see table below) Example: M51IW – Male, 51 years of age, fatality occurred In Water.

Fatality Location Abbreviations:

BF Ball Field MH Mobile Home BO Boating OT Other BU Business OU Outside/Open Areas CA Camping PH Permanent Home EQ Heavy Equipment/Construction SC School GF Golfing TE Telephone IW In Water UT Under Tree LS Long Span Roof VE Vehicle

List of Acronyms:

NWS - National Weather Service NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration WCM - Warning Coordination Meteorologist – The meteorologist at each NWS Office responsible for reporting severe weather events LST - Local Standard Time Storm Data attempts to always use “Standard Time” EST - Eastern Standard Time EDT - Eastern Daylight Time

138 CST - Central Standard Time CDT - Central Daylight Time PST - Pacific Standard Time PDT - Pacific Daylight Time

Other Notes:

An “Episode” is an entire storm system and can contain many different types of events.

An “Event” is an individual type of storm event.

When listing wind speed values under “Character of Storm”, ex. High Wind (G81), the G indicates a “Gust” which is a peak 5-second averaged wind speed in Knots (kts). 1 kt. = 1.152 mph. This number can be either E (estimated) by damage caused, or M (measured) by known calibrated anemometers. Ex. (M61) = measured 61 knots or E(75) = estimated at 75 knots.

All wind speeds listed are estimated by NWS personnel by the amount and type of damage unless otherwise noted with an “M” which represents an actual wind speed as measured by official NWS approved anemometer.

When listing hail size under “Character of Storm”, ex. Hail (2.25), the hail size is given in inches and hundredths of inches.

When listing property and crop damage, the figures indicated are the best guess made by the NWS from the available sources of information at the time of the printing.

The fatalities, injuries, and damage amounts appearing in tropical cyclone events are attributed only to wind damage experienced in the coastal counties/parishes listed. Other tropical cyclone related events such as tornadoes and flooding are listed within their separate event types.

139 The Saffir-Simpson Scale

Category One Hurricane:

Winds 74-95 mph (64-82 kt or 119-153 kph). Storm surge generally 4-5 ft above normal. No real damage to building structures. Damage primarily to unanchored mobile homes, shrubbery, and trees. Some damage to poorly constructed signs. Also, some coastal road flooding and minor pier damage.

Category Two Hurricane:

Winds 96-110 mph (83-95 kt or 154-177 kph). Storm surge generally 6-8 feet above normal. Some roofing material, door, and window damage of buildings. Considerable damage to shrubbery and trees with some trees blown down. Considerable damage to mobile homes, poorly constructed signs, and piers. Coastal and low- lying escape routes flood 2-4 hours before arrival of the hurricane center. Small craft in unprotected anchorages break moorings.

Category Three Hurricane:

Winds 111-130 mph (96-113 kt or 178-209 kph). Storm surge generally 9-12 ft above normal. Some structural damage to small residences and utility buildings with a minor amount of curtainwall failures. Damage to shrubbery and trees with foliage blown off trees and large tress blown down. Mobile homes and poorly constructed signs are destroyed. Low-lying escape routes are cut by rising water 3-5 hours before arrival of the hurricane center. Flooding near the coast destroys smaller structures with larger structures damaged by battering of floating debris. Terrain continuously lower than 5 ft above mean sea level may be flooded inland 8 miles (13 km) or more. Evacuation of low-lying residences with several blocks of the shoreline may be required.

Category Four Hurricane:

Winds 131-155 mph (114-135 kt or 210-249 kph). Storm surge generally 13-18 ft above normal. More extensive curtainwall failures with some complete roof structure failures on small residences. Shrubs, trees, and all signs are blown down. Complete destruction of mobile homes. Extensive damage to doors and windows. Low-lying escape routes may be cut by rising water 3-5 hours before arrival of the hurricane center. Major damage to lower floors of structures near the shore. Terrain lower than 10 ft above sea level may be flooded requiring massive evacuation of residential areas as far inland as 6 miles (10 km).

Category Five Hurricane:

Winds greater than 155 mph (135 kt or 249 kph). Storm surge generally greater than 18 ft above normal. Complete roof failure on many residences and industrial buildings. Some complete building failures with small utility buildings blown over or away. All shrubs, trees, and signs blown down. Complete destruction of mobile homes. Severe and extensive window and door damage. Low-lying escape routes are cut by rising water 3-5 hours before arrival of the hurricane center. Major damage to lower floors of all structures located less than 15 ft above sea level and within 500 yards of the shoreline. Massive evacuation of residential areas on low ground within 5-10 miles (8-16 km) of the shoreline may be required.

140 The Fujita Scale F-Scale Intensity Wind Speed Typical Damage (Suggested) (mph)

F0 Gale Tornado 40 - 72 Tree branches broken, chimneys damaged, shallow-rooted trees pushed over; sign boards damaged or destroyed, outbuildings and sheds destroyed

F1 Moderate 73 - 112 Roof surfaces peeled off, mobile homes pushed off foundations or overturned, moving autos pushed off the roads, garages may be destroyed. Category 1-2 hurricane wind speed

F2 Significant 113 - 157 Roofs blown off frame houses; mobile homes rolled and/or destroyed, train boxcars pushed over; large trees snapped or uprooted; airborn debris can cause damage. Category 3-4 hurricane wind speed F3 Severe 158 - 206 Roofs and walls torn off well constructed houses; trains overturned; large trees uprooted, can knock down entire forest of trees. Category 5 hurricane wind speed F4 Devastating 207 - 260 Well-constructed frame houses leveled; structures with weak foundations blown off some distance; automobiles thrown, large airborn objects can cause significant damage.

F5 Incredible 261 - 318 Brick, stone and cinderblock buildings destroyed, most debris is carried away by tornadic winds, large and heavy objects can be hurled in excess of 100 meters, trees debarked, asphalt peeled off of roads, steel reinforced concrete structures badly damaged.

F6 Inconceivable 319 - 379 These winds are very unlikely. The small area of damage they might produce would probably not be recognizable along with the damage produced by F4 and F5 wind speeds that would surround the F6 winds.

Typical F0 Tornado Damage Typical F1 Tornado Damage Note the trees are stripped of leaves, but the Note the uprooted trees and missing shingles trees remain standing. Only light roof damage from the roof. There is significant roof and a few missing shingles. damage. Typical F2 Tornado Damage Typical F3 Tornado Damage This home is missing it’s entire roof but the This home is missing the entire roof as well as exterior walls remain intact. Some of the some of the exterior walls. Trees are blown stronger hardwood trees remain standing. over or snapped near the base and outbuildings are destroyed.

Typical F4 Tornado Damage This home is almost completely obliterated, with no walls standing. The debris from the home is where the house once stood.

Typical F5 Tornado Damage These homes have been completely removed from their original locations. The debris field has been scattered some distance from their foundation.

Typical F5 Tornado Damage (All photographs courtesy of Brian Smith, Meteorologist, The asphalt surface has been peeled off of National Weather Service, Valley NE.) this road.

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