Technical Manual

Home , Differential gain, Dummy load, Transposer

Technical Manual

(INSTALLATION & USE)

CMAN0560

EuroTel S.r.l. Via Martiri della Libertà Angolo Via Beltrame 20035 Lissone (MI), Italy Tel. +39 039 24361 – Fax +39 039 2436222 E-Mail [email protected] – Web http://www.eurotel.it

EUROTEL - ITALY TV Transposer ETL0560

Series ETL0560 TELEVISION TRANSPOSER INSTALLATION & USE TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ...... 4 2. SCOPE...... 4 3. TRANSPOSER CONFIGURATIONS ...... 4 4. COMPOSITION ...... 4 FIGURE 1: TELEVISION TRANSMITTER ETL0560...... 5 5. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS ...... 5 Input Parameters ...... 5 I.F. Parameters...... 5 Output Parameters...... 5 Re-transmission Quality...... 6 Dimensions and Weight ...... 6 EC (European Community) Certification and Type Approval ...... 6 6. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION ...... 6 General description ...... 6 7. TRANSPOSER CONFIGURATIONS & MODEL NUMBERS ...... 7 8. INSTALLATION ...... 8 Stand Alone Mounting Procedure...... 8 Transposer + External R. F. Amplifier Mounting Procedure ...... 8 Controls, Displays & Connectors (front panel) ...... 9 Enable IN/OUT DIN socket ...... 10 SERIAL DATA COM (RS-232) socket...... 11 SERIAL DATA RS-485 socket ...... 11 E-LINK socket...... 11 Auxiliary control socket ...... 12 9. OPERATING PROCEDURES ...... 13 First Time Operation for Stand Alone Transposers...... 13 10. METERING POWER SUPPLY MODULE - MULTI-FUNCTION METERING DISPLAY ...... 14 Alphanumeric LCD display description...... 14 First level menu description...... 14 Warning LED...... 15 11. ALIGNEMENT AND MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS ...... 15 Procedure L.O.: Operation and set-up of Synthesised Local Oscillator MODM193...... 16 Procedure A.G.C-A.L.C.: Linearity pre-correction and the R.F. power output – Controller MODM33-6 ...... 18

FIGURES Figure 1: Television Transmitter ETL0560 ...... 5 Figure 2: Blocks diagram of Transposer ETL0560 ...... 6 Figure 3: Enable socket and connector...... 10 Figure 4: Serial Data Com in-out socket...... 11 Figure 5: Serial DataRS485 in-out socket...... 11 Figure 6: E-LINK in-out socket ...... 11 Figure 7: ETL0560, rear panel of 4 W A class to 10W AB class models, A.C. mains only ...... 12 Figure 8: ETL0560, rear panel of 10 W A class to 50 W AB class models, A.C. mains only ...... 13 Figure 9: Blocks diagram for pre-correction set-up of TV Transposers ...... 19

TABLES Table 1: List of available products ...... 4 Table 2: Transposer modular components ...... 4 Table 3: Model code number...... 7 Table 4: Codes of position “9”...... 7 Table 5: Examples of model code ...... 8 Table 6: Front panel control & connection devices...... 9 Table 7: Rear panel connections ...... 10 Table 8: Connections to the Auxiliary control socket...... 12 Table 9: Alignment & Maintenance information ...... 15

Nov 2002 CMAN0560ENG 1 TV Transposer ETL0560 EUROTEL - ITALY

Technical Manual

Series ETL0560 Television Transposer

AMENDMENT RECORD SHEET

When an amendment to this publication is incorporated, the record below is to be completed and initialled.

Release Language DESCRIPTION AUTHORITY DATE

APPROVAL RECORD SHEET

When an approval to this publication is incorporated, the record below is to be completed.

Release Signature AUTHORITY DATE

© EUROTEL S.r.l. The information contained herein is the property of EUROTEL S.r.l. and is supplied without liability for errors or omissions and no part may be reproduced, used or disclosed, except as authorised by contract or other written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction on reproduction, use and disclosure extend to all media in which this information may be embodied, including magnetic or electronic storage, etc.

WARNINGS

• Observe safety precautions when handling this unit. This equipment operates with dangerous voltages and currents. • Always disconnect power before opening covers or removing any part or module of this unit. Use appropriate grounding procedures to short out capacitors and high voltage points before servicing. • Prior to checking out or working on the switch mode supply, disconnect all the R.F. power amplifiers. Some of the R.F. power amplifier transistors are encased in Beryllium Oxide (BeO). This substance is harmless as is, but becomes very dangerous if ground to a powder. These devices, once failed, cannot be disposed of by normal means and special procedures of disposal must be observed. • In any case, but especially when driving external R.F. Power Amplifiers which are within the A.L.C. control loop, do not attempt to remove and then re-insert the front panel coaxial interconnecting cables while the equipment is in operation. Although suitable protection circuitry is in place, sudden loss and re-application of R.F. drive causes transients that may damage one or more R.F. amplification stages. • In any case, but especially when driving external R.F. Power Amplifiers which are within the A.L.C. control loop, do not change position of the switch A.G.C. – m.g.c or the switch A.L.C. – m.l.c. while the equipment is in operation. Although suitable protection circuitry is in place, very high and sudden variations of R.F. drive cause transients that may damage one or more R.F. amplification stages.

2 CMAN0560ENG Nov 2002 EUROTEL - ITALY TV Transposer ETL0560

FIRST AID IN CASE OF ELECTRIC SHOCK

DO NOT TOUCH THE VICTIM WITH YOUR BARE HANDS until the circuit is broken. SWITCH OFF. If this is not possible, PROTECT YOURSELF with DRY insulating material and pull the victim clear of the conductor. If breathing has stopped, indicated by unconsciousness, lack of respiratory movements and a ‘blue’ look to cheeks, lips, ears and nails, START RESUSCITATION AT ONCE.

EMERGENCY RESUSCITATION: EXPIRED AIR METHOD

If possible, lay the victim on his back, with his head slightly higher than his feet. Clear the mouth and the throat of any obvious obstruction. Kneel on one side of the victim, level with his head. LIFT THE JAW AND TILT THE HEAD BACK AS FAR AS POSSIBLE. (Figures 1 and 2).

One of the following may now happen:

• Breathing may begin and consciousness returns. Fig 1 • Breathing may begin, but consciousness may NOT return. Turn the victim on his side and ensure that the airway is kept clear. • Breathing may return, but be NOISY, which means that the airway is not fully clear. Try to clear the airway.

Fig 2 If there is no sign of breathing: Check that the head is still tilted back. Take a deep breath. Pinch the victim’s nose and blow firmly into his mouth. As you do, his chest will RISE (Figure 3). Turn your head away and take another breath, watching for the chest to FALL (Figure 4). Fig 3 Start with four quick deep breaths and then continue with one breath every five seconds (i.e. 12 times a minute). This should be continued until the victim revives or a doctor certifies death. As consciousness returns, the victim will start to breathe on his own and a ‘pink’ colour replaces the ‘blue’ look. This is the time to stop resuscitation. Continue to hold his chin up and so keep the airway clear. In the case of injuries to the mouth, it may be necessary to use mouth-to-nose resuscitation. Seal the victim’s mouth with your cheek and blow firmly into his nose, proceeding as above. Fig 4 In any case, it is ESSENTIAL to commence resuscitation WITHOUT DELAY and to send for medical assistance immediately.

TREATMENT FOR BURNS

If the victim is also suffering from burns, then, without hindrance to resuscitation, observe the following:

• Do not attempt to remove clothing adhering to the burns. • If possible, alleviate the pain from the burn part by immersing in cold water. • If help is available or as soon as resuscitation is no longer required, the wound should be covered with a DRY and clean dressing. • Oil and/or grease, in any form, SHOULD NOT be applied. If severely burnt, get the victim to hospital immediately.

Nov 2002 CMAN0560ENG 3 TV Transposer ETL0560 EUROTEL - ITALY

1. INTRODUCTION The Series ETL0560 Television (TV) Transposer receives at its input Video and Audio R.F. carriers, processes them at the standard I.F. frequency, converts the I.F. signal to the desired transmitting R.F. channel and amplifies the R.F. signal to a power suitable for Broadcasting or for driving external high power Amplifiers. The TV Broadcasting Transposer ETL0560 is supplied in two different versions, depending on the band-pass R.F. output filter. If the Transposer is to be connected directly to the transmitting antenna, the unit is supplied with a band-pass filter installed into the chassis (UHF) or outside the chassis (VHF): in this case the model has a SP suffix, as explained in Section 7. If the Transposer is used as Exciter for higher power stages, then the band-pass filter is omitted. A complete selection of options, covering R.F. output, band of operation, TV standards and power supplies, together with ordering information, is given in Section 7.

2. SCOPE The scope of this manual is to provide information on the use, operation and maintenance of the Series ETL0560 TV Transposer. This manual covers all Transposers having outputs in Band III VHF and Bands IV & V UHF. The present information can be used also for Transposers having outputs in Band I VHF. Technical information concerning Series ETL0560 Transposers is given in two TECHNICAL MANUALS. The first MANUAL, “INSTALLATION & USE” provides all necessary information for equipment set-up. The second MANUAL, “TECHNICAL DATA” provides in-depth technical information, such as special alignment procedures, schematic diagrams, parts layouts and parts lists. The “TECHNICAL DATA” manual is only available by special order.

3. TRANSPOSER CONFIGURATIONS Depending on the R.F. Amplifiers installed after the Up-Converter, several power outputs and performance configurations are possible, according to the final application. Class “A” equipment has been designed to drive higher power external R.F. Amplifiers, either solid state or tube. With class “A” Exciters, most of the pre-correction operational margin can be used to compensate for the distortion of the R.F. Amplifiers being driven. Class “AB” equipment, delivering higher power in the same size, is better suited for stand-alone operation with direct connection to the transmitting antenna. In this case the built-in pre- correction is used to compensate the internal R.F. Amplifiers. Table 1: List of available products DESCRIPTION BAND R.F. W CLASS R.F. MODULES MODEL UHF TV Transposer IV-V 4 “A” MOE138AA ETL0560TA.. UHF TV Transposer IV-V 10 “AB” MOE138B ETL0560TB.. UHF TV Transposer IV-V 50 “AB” MOE138NA+MOE140C ETL0560TH.. VHF TV Transposer III 10 “A” MOE155A ETL0560TF.. VHF TV Transposer III 50 “AB” MOE155C ETL0560TG VHF TV Transposer I 10 “A” MOE156A ETL0560TR.. VHF TV Transposer I 50 “AB” MOE156C ETL0560TQ..

4. COMPOSITION The Series ETL0560 TV Transposer consists of seven plug-in modules mounted in a standard 3 U 19” rack cabinet. In addition to the seven plug-in modules, the R.F. Power Amplifier(s) are mounted on a heat sink on the rear panel, and a switch mode Power Supply is mounted on the cabinet wall. The plug-in modules are interfaced by a motherboard through 96-pin type connectors on each card, equipped, when necessary, with coaxial sockets. The other modules are hard wired into the chassis. All the available modules are shown below. Table 2: Transposer modular components

NORMAL CONFIGURATION MODULES Down Converter MODM197 A.G.C. - A.L.C. Controller MODM33-6 Synthesised Local Oscillator MODM193 Up Converter MODM41B Metering & Power Supply Unit (+ 5 V, ± 15 V) MODM206 Switch Mode Power Supply Unit for R.F. Amplifiers MOE104A10 Switch Mode Power Supply Unit for R.F. Amplifiers MOE143 OTHER AVAILABLE MODULES UHF Pass-band output filter ETL2133XX VHF Pass-band output filter ETL2130XX

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Figure 1: Television Transmitter ETL0560

5. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS General Primary power for 24 W output power models ...... 220 V a.c. ±15%, 47 to 60 Hz. Power consumption for 4 W output power models...... 100 W max. full power, 40 W max., st-by.

Primary power for 10 W output power models ...... 220 V a.c. ±15%, 47 to 60 Hz. Power consumption for 10 W output power models...... 200 W max. full power, 40 W max. st-by.

Primary power for 50 W output power models ...... 220 V a.c. ±15%, 47 to 60 Hz. Power consumption for 50 W output power models...... 200 W max. full power, 40W max. st-by.

Operating temperature range...... 0°C to + 45 °C. Storage temperature range...... - 10 °C to + 70 °C. Steady state warm up time...... < 5 minutes. Protections & alarms (depending on model)...... Over voltage (crowbar), over-current, excessive reflected power, low output power. Input Parameters Input frequency range ...... BAND I: 47-90 MHz. BAND III: 174-250 MHz. BANDS IV-V: 470-860 MHz. Input impedance ...... 50 Ω unbalanced. Input return loss ...... >20 dB. Input level range ...... 200 µV to 10 mV. Noise Figure...... <9 dB UHF, @ 1 mV input level. <8 dB VHF, @ 1 mV input level. Synthesised 1° Local Oscillator MODM193 ...... Frequency resolution 10 KHz to ± 50 KHz. Synthesised 1° Local Oscillator MODM96A1 ...... Frequency resolution 1 Hz to ± 32,700 Hz.

I.F. Parameters Vision Intermediate Frequency ...... 38.9 MHz I.F. Filter...... SAW acoustic device. Group Delay tolerance ...... ±50 nS. Different specifications...... EuroTel can provide most TV Standards.

Output Parameters Output frequency range ...... BAND I (special order): 47-90 MHz. BAND III: 174-250 MHz. BANDS IV-V: 470-860 MHz. Output impedance...... 50 Ω unbalanced. Permissible VSWR...... <1.5. Standard output power1 ...... 4, 10, 50 W. Spurious suppression ...... > 60 dB. Harmonic suppression ...... > 60 dB.

1 Optional unit. Supplied only on special order.

Nov 2002 CMAN0560ENG 5 TV Transposer ETL0560 EUROTEL - ITALY

Rejection of out-of-band Intermodulation Products...... > 60 dB. Synthesised 2° Local Oscillator MODM193 ...... Frequency resolution 10 KHz to ± 50 KHz. Synthesised 2° Local Oscillator MODM96A2 ...... Frequency resolution 1 Hz to ± 32,700 Hz. Output frequency stability with temperature...... < 1 PPM, 0 °C to + 45 °C. Long term output frequency stability ...... < 0.5 PPM, 3 months.

Re-transmission Quality Weighted Vision S/N ratio ...... > 53 dB @ 1 mV input. Sound S/N ratio...... > 60 dB @ 50 KHz deviation. Sync pulse compression ...... < 3%. Differential Gain error...... < 3%. Differential Phase error ...... < 3°. Amplitude-frequency response ...... ± 0.5 dB within the vision band.

Dimensions and Weight Dimensions ...... Std. 19” frame, 482 W x 470 D x 135 H, mm. Weight for 2/4 W output models...... 12 kg. approx. Weight for higher power models ...... 15 kg approx.

EC (European Community) Certification and Type Approval

The ETL0560 TV Transposer family conforms to Norm prETS 300-339, for TV Broadcasting, according to European Council Directive 89/336/EEC and to the Italian Legislative Decree N°476/1992. This Equipment has obtained the relevant Official Certificate of conformance N° EMC/97/046 of 07-04-97.

6. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION General description

With reference to the blocks diagram, Figure 2, the TV Transposer accepts a TV modulated signal at its antenna input connector (Down Converter MODM197) and converts it to a standard 38.9 MHz Intermediate Frequency vision carrier (33.4 MHz for sound carrier) or as required by the standard specified. The first Local Oscillator (MODM193) provides the down- conversion signal. The Intermediate Frequency signal is then amplified and processed by the A.G.C. - A.L.C. Controller (MODM 33-6) and reconverted to the specified output frequency by the Up Converter (MODM 41). Input can be any standard TV channel in VHF Bands I and III, or UHF Bands IV and V. Output can be any standard TV channel in VHF Band III or UHF Bands IV and V. With standard Local Oscillators, the Transposer can use any frequency offset in reception, or provide any offset at the output frequency.

MODM197 MODM33 MODM41

R.F. Input Down A.G.C. - Up R.F. Amplifier Additional R.F. Converter A.L.C. Converter Amplifiers

Connection to antenna only

1° Local 2° Local Band-pass Oscillator Oscillator output Filter R.F. Output

MODM193 MODM193

Figure 2: Blocks diagram of Transposer ETL0560

Selected frequency offsets are available, using the 10 KHz steps provided by the MODM193 synthesised Local Oscillator. Operating frequency of each Local Oscillator is set by means of push buttons available from the front panel. A multi-purpose front panel display provides detailed set-up and operating information for each Local Oscillator. Screwdriver controls directly accessible from the front panel allow easy adjustment:

• Of the R.F. output power, either in manual mode (open loop) or A.L.C. mode (closed loop). • Of the pre-correction for reduction of R.F. Amplifier Intermodulation Distortion.

The basic Transposer has a power output of 10W in VHF and 4 W in UHF. Different R.F. Amplifier modules are installed to achieve the required power output. Amplifiers are based on LDMOS technology. The I.F. signal output from the Down Converter module enters the A.G.C. - A.L.C. Controller module that incorporates several signal processing circuits and devices, as follows:

• The A.G.C. section keeps the incoming I.F. signal at constant level by varying the total Receiver gain.

2 Optional unit. Supplied only on special order.

6 CMAN0560ENG Nov 2002 EUROTEL - ITALY TV Transposer ETL0560

• The A.L.C. section keeps the output R.F. signal at constant level by varying the amount of I.F. signal fed to the Up Converter module. • Switches A.G.C. / m.g.c. and A.L.C. / m.l.c. are used for testing and alignment. • Switch PREC. ON-OFF controls the insertion of the linearity pre-corrector for the output stages. Pre-correction is made at I.F. frequency. After this processing, the I.F. signal leaves the A.G.C. - A.L.C. Controller and enters the Up Converter module, which also receives the appropriate conversion signal from the Local Oscillator at a frequency above the transmitted vision carrier frequency. The difference between conversion signal and transmitted vision frequency is the value of the I.F. frequency specified by the standard in use. The R.F. OUT signal from the Up Converter Module is sent to the R.F. Amplifier stages, whose configuration depends on the specified R.F. output and operating frequency band. An output band-pass filter is supplied if the Transposer is specified for stand-alone operation, (without an external R.F. output amplifier). The Transposer works with an A.C. Power Supply that works as follows: the ON-OFF switch on the front panel turns the equipment on by controlling the A.C. input to the mains transformer and a green LED is lit when the mains voltage is enabled. This transformer feeds rectifiers that provide raw D.C. power to two different power supplies. The first supply is the Metering- Power Supply module that provides the + 5 V and ± 15 V D.C. The second supply module is a Switch Mode Power Supply that generates the D.C. voltage needed by the R.F. power amplifiers. The ON-OFF switch on the front panel MODM27S) controls the A.C. input power. A yellow LED indicator turns on when the ON- OFF switch is enabled. The metering unit is used to monitor signals and supply voltages and provides the following additional features.

• Protection against excessive R.F. drive to the final R.F. Power Amplifier. • Protection to the final R.F. Power Amplifier for excessive reflected power. • Alarm for low output power.

Additionally, alarms corresponding to the above conditions are also provided, by means of hard-wired relay contacts, to the Auxiliary Control Connector located on the rear apron of the Transposer.

7. TRANSPOSER CONFIGURATIONS & MODEL NUMBERS

The model number of the ETL0560 Transposer is a 15-position code as follows: Table 3: Model code number

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 E T L 0 5 6 0 T power - TV Std. spare spare & or or band S P

Positions 1 to 8 are fixed and never change. Position 9 specifies power output, band of operation and operating class of final R.F. Amplifier with the following letter code. Blank spaces are reserved to equipment on special order or under development. Table 4: Codes of position “9” Po W Band Class Position 9 4 UHF IV-V “A” A 10 UHF IV-V “AB” B 10 UHF IV-V “A” C 50 UHF IV-V “AB” H

Position 10 defines reception frequency band. For UHF input, this position is not used and is in fact skipped, as explained below. For the VHF band, this position is filled with “V”. Position 11 defines type of frequency generation. EuroTel now only supplies Synthesised Local Oscillators as standard equipment, so that there is always S in this position. Position 12 is a separation mark: -. Position 13 defines the TV Standard and is not used for standards B and G. For other standards such as M, K, I etc., then the corresponding letter is used. Positions 14 and 15 are spare and/or used when the output band-pass filter is built-in, for direct connection to the antenna. In this case the letters S and P are used.

Nov 2002 CMAN0560ENG 7 TV Transposer ETL0560 EUROTEL - ITALY

IMPORTANT: when a position is not used, its place is taken by the next position, in order to always form a code with no gaps.

Table 5: Examples of model code Description Code UHF-UHF Band IV-V, 50 W Synthesised TV Transposer, Standard G, B pass filter installed ETL0560THSP-SP VHF-UHF Band IV-V, 50 W Synthesised TV Transposer, Standard M, B pass filter installed ETL0560THVS-MSP VHF-UHF 10 W, Synthesised TV Transposer, Std. G, B pass filter installed ETL0560TBVS-SP UHF-UHF 4 W Synthesised TV Transposer ETL0560TASP

8. INSTALLATION The Series ETL0560 Television (TV) Transposer is constructed in a 3U drawer that can be mounted in a 19” standard rack cabinet. The Transposer can be supplied for stand-alone service or for direct connection to the antenna: (SP suffix). In this case a band-pass filter is internally (UHF output) or externally (VHF output) installed. When the Transposer is supplied for driving an external R.F. Amplifier, the band-pass filter is omitted. NOTE: When the Transposer is intended for use with scrambled TV signals using sync suppression techniques, such as IRDETO or M-NET type signals, the sync pulse is missing and the Transposer has been programmed to disable (by means of internal Jumpers) all pulse driven circuitry. In such Transposers the “Economy” circuitry is disabled. NOTE: The Auxiliary control socket carries several relay contacts for various alarm conditions. Please refer to Table 9 for wiring information.

Stand Alone Mounting Procedure

Check that all the plug-in modules are correctly inserted and fastened to the drawer. Insert the drawer in its selected place in the cabinet (if available) and fasten with four rack screws (not supplied). Leave at least 1U of free space above and below the Transposer to obtain adequate cooling. Make sure the front panel mounted ON-OFF switch is in the “OFF” position. Connect the R.F. “N” type plug from the Transmitting Antenna cable to the R.F. OUTPUT socket of the Transposer, this socket is located on the rear panel. Connect the R.F. “N” type plug from the Receiving Antenna cable to the R.F. INPUT socket of the Transposer, which is available on the front panel of Down Converter module MODM197. Connect the 220 V A.C. plug into the A.C. receptacle located on the rear panel of the Transposer. Depending on the setting of a jumper in the A.G.C. - A.L.C. Controller module (see below) the Transposer is enabled to transmit with an external nominal + 15V (from + 4 to + 24 V D.C.) command signal or as soon as the mains switch is actuated. If the external enabling function is needed, then the 5-pin DIN receptacle ENABLE IN/OUT, located on the back panel, must be used and the command voltage wired. This command voltage can be supplied by an external source, or by using the voltage at pin 3.

NOTE: The jumper in the A.G.C-A.L.C. Controller module sets the enabling function as follows:

• Jumper J1 positioned in EXT: Transposer is enabled to transmit with external voltage. • Jumper J1 positioned in INT: Transposer is enabled to transmit as soon as the mains switch is actuated.

The green led “Driver enabled” on the A.G.C.- A.L.C. Controller front panel lights when the Transposer is enabled to transmit (internally or externally), and the Local Oscillator is locked. First time operation and other relevant instructions are given in Section 9, OPERATING PROCEDURES, following.

Transposer + External R. F. Amplifier Mounting Procedure

8 CMAN0560ENG Nov 2002 EUROTEL - ITALY TV Transposer ETL0560

Connect the R.F. “N” type plug from the Transmitting Antenna cable to the R.F. OUTPUT socket of the Power Amplifier. Install the 50 Ω, “N” to “N” cable, supplied with the equipment, from the R.F. OUTPUT socket of the Transposer to the R.F. INPUT socket of the Power Amplifier. Connect the R.F. “N” type plug from the Receiving Antenna cable to the R.F. INPUT socket of the Transposer, which is available on the front panel of Down Converter module MODM197. Connect the 220 V A.C. plug into the A.C. receptacle located on the rear panel of the Exciter and also of the Power Amplifier. Connect the 5 pin DIN male-male cable supplied, between the ENABLE IN/OUT DIN socket of the Transposer to the ENABLE IN/OUT DIN socket of the Power Amplifier. Also connect the BNC-BNC cable between the A.L.C. output socket on the R.F. Amplifier and the P203 socket on the ETL0560 Transposer (rear apron). First time operation and other relevant instructions are given in Section 9, OPERATING PROCEDURES, following.

Controls, Displays & Connectors (front panel) The front panel of the Series ETL0560 TV Transposer is shown in Figures 1. The controls, displays and connectors on the front panel are as follows:

Table 6: Front panel control & connection devices PLUG-IN ITEM DESCRIPTION

Down Converter MODM197 R.F. IN Type “N” socket, R.F. input signal. L.O. IN BNC socket. Input from 1° Local Oscillator. I.F. OUT BNC socket. I.F. output towards the A.G.C. - A.L.C. Controller.

A.G.C. - A.L.C. Controller A.G.C. ON-OFF Switch for automatic gain selection. MODM33-4 m.g.c. Trimmer Manual I.F. gain adjustment. m.l.c. Trimmer Manual output level adjustment. A.L.C. ON-OFF Switch for automatic level selection. a.p.l. LED When lit, this yellow LED shows that the average power limiter (a.p.l.) is in operation. Carrier Loss LED When lit, this red LED shows very low level or loss of incoming carrier. Economy LED When lit, this red LED indicates that the unit is in stand by, waiting for an incoming video modulated signal. Driver Enabled LED When lit, this green LED indicates that the Up Converter L.O. is locked and that the Transposer is enabled from the external command or internal setting to transmit. I.F. MONITOR BNC socket to monitor the I.F. I.F. OUT BNC output socket to Up Converter. I.F. IN BNC input socket to Down Converter. PREC. ON-OFF Switch for Pre-correction selection. K1, K2 & K3 Linearity Pre-correction adjustments3. Trimmers POWER Trimmer Sets the output power with A.L.C. switch positioned to “ON”.

Up Converter MODM41 L.O. IN BNC socket to the Local Oscillator. I.F. IN BNC socket to A.G.C.-A.L.C module.

Synthesised L.O. MODM193 L.O. OUT BNC socket. R.F. output to Converter module. MONITOR OUT BNC socket. Local Oscillator monitor output. UP-DWN-SELECT Pushbuttons. Set-up of various functions & display modes. DISPLAY Alphanumeric display. Shows operating channel and other data.

MULTIMETER-PSU Display Displays many working parameters. ALARM LED (red) When lit, this LED indicates that one alarm has occurred. WARNING LED Indicates one or more warning conditions in act, if blinking indicates

3 Other Pre-correction adjustments internally available.

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(yellow) alarm or warning stored in the EEPROM non-volatile memory. LINE LED (green) Lit when A.C. power has been switched on. SELECT Controls the menu levels and is menu driven, as explained in detail in the “MENU DESCRIPTION” following. Normally controls the lower row of the display and is menu driven. ~ ~ Normally controls the upper row of the display and is menu driven. PREV. Controls the menu levels and is menu driven, as explained in detail in the “MENU DESCRIPTION” following.

Controls, Displays & Connectors (rear panel) The rear panel is shown in the following page. The controls and connectors on the rear panel are as follows:

Table 7: Rear panel connections REAR PANEL ITEM DESCRIPTION SIGNALS AND EXTERNAL ENABLE IN/OUT Din type socket used to send the enable voltage to an external CONNECTIONS R.F. power amplifier and to receive the “ready signal” from an external R.F. power amplifier. AUX. CONTROL D type 25-pin socket. Provides status signals and accepts external control signals. REF.in (5/10MHz) BNC socket for external reference frequency input. REF.out (5/10MHz) BNC socket for output of internal 5 MHz reference frequency for Precision Offset operation. Not mounted on standard equipment. ALC in (P 203) BNC socket for A.L.C. input from external R.F. Amplifiers. R.F. monitor BNC socket for R.F. monitor RS485 Type “D”, 9-pin socket. Makes RF Amplifier parameter data available for display on an external PC or monitoring system. (RS-485 format) E-LINK Type “D”, 9-pin socket, to be connected to the external amplifier. R.F. OUT Type “N” socket. R.F. output to the transmitting antenna or to an external R.F. Amplifier. A.C. POWER INPUT LINE IN A.C. mains socket. INTERCONNECTION FUSES A.C. mains fuses. D.C. POWER INPUT D.C. POWER IN D.C. power input socket. INTERCONNECTION FUSE D.C. input fuse. FUSE D.C. input fuse.

Enable IN/OUT DIN socket

3 1 Pin 1: +15 V. Enable output to external R.F. Socket seen from Amplifier. back panel of Pin 2: Ground. 2 equipment Pin 3: +10 V (nominal). Enable input.

Figure 3: Enable socket and connector

This socket is used: (a) to enable the Transposer with an external command of +10 V nominal and (b) to co-ordinate the operation of the Transposer with an external R.F. Amplifier, by means of an inter-connection cable supplied with the equipment. When the Transposer is programmed for stand alone operation, e.g. directly connected to the antenna, the unit is self-enabled by an internal Jumper (J1) connection in module MODM33-6. With this connection the Transposer will turn on as soon as the

10 CMAN0560ENG Nov 2002 EUROTEL - ITALY TV Transposer ETL0560

SERIAL DATA COM (RS-232) socket

Figure 4: Serial Data Com in-out socket

PIN DESCRIPTION 1 Not connected. 2 TX out 3 RX in 4 RX c.er 5 Ground. 6 Not connected. 7 Not connected. 8 TX c.er 9 Not connected.

SERIAL DATA RS-485 socket

Figure 5: Serial DataRS485 in-out socket

PIN DESCRIPTION 1 TX Data + 2 TX Data - 3 RX Data - 4 RX Data + 5 Ground. 6 Not connected. 7 Not connected. 8 Not connected. 9 Not connected.

E-LINK socket

Figure 6: E-LINK in-out socket

PIN DESCRIPTION 1 Not connected. 2 CAN low 3 GND 4 Not connected. 5 Shield 6 Not connected. 7 CAN high 8 Not connected. 9 Not connected.

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Auxiliary control socket

This is a 25 pin DIN type socket, which may be used to make external connections, as shown in Table 9, below.

Table 8: Connections to the Auxiliary control socket

PIN DESCRIPTION 1 +15V enable output. Enables the external R.F. Amplifier. 2 Ground. 3 Common contact of “Economy” relay. 4 Contact of “Economy” relay: closes in “Economy”, e.g. no vision modulated R.F. input. 5 Contact of “Economy” relay: opens in “Economy”, e.g. no vision modulated R.F. input. 6 Spare. 7 Spare. 8 Signal: Down Converter L.O. locked to internal reference and operating normally. 9 Signal: Up Converter L.O. locked to internal reference and operating normally. 10 Ground. 11 I.F. Loop. Special applications. 12 Not connected. 13 Not connected. 14 External enable input. +10 V (nominal) input to enable Transposer by remote command. 15 Ground. 16 Spare. 17 Carrier loss signal: indicates loss of I.F. signal at the A.G.C. - A.L.C. Controller input. 18 Spare 19 Configurable alarm, common contact. 20 Configurable alarm contact, closed in alarm condition. (Default = low power alarm) 21 Configurable alarm, closed in alarm condition. 22 Configurable alarm. Common contact. 23 Ground. 24 Up Converter Loop. Special applications. 25 Ground.

REF.IN ALC IN (P203) Spare RF monitor

REF.out

ENABLE IN/OUT

RS485

E-LINK

AUX. CONTROL R.F. Output LINE IN (MAINS) FUSES (push out)

Figure 7: ETL0560, rear panel of 4 W A class to 10W AB class models, A.C. mains only

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REF.IN ALC IN (P203) REF.out RF monitor ENABLE IN/OUT

RS485

E-LINK

LINE IN AUX. CONTROL R.F. OUTPUT (MAINS)

FUSES (push out)

Figure 8: ETL0560, rear panel of 10 W A class to 50 W AB class models, A.C. mains only

9. OPERATING PROCEDURES CAUTION • In any case, but especially when driving external R.F. Power Amplifiers which are within the A.L.C. control loop, do not attempt to remove and then re-insert the front panel coaxial interconnecting cables while the equipment is in operation. Although suitable protection circuitry is in place, sudden loss and re-application of R.F. drive causes transients that may damage one or more R.F. amplification stages. • In any case, but especially when driving external R.F. Power Amplifiers which are within the A.L.C. control loop, do not change position of the switch A.G.C. - m.g.c or the switch A.L.C. - m.l.c. while the equipment is in operation. Although suitable protection circuitry is in place, very high and sudden variations of R.F. drive cause transients that may damage one or more R.F. amplification stages.

First Time Operation for Stand Alone Transposers

NOTE: Before turning the Transposer on, take time to read the instructions for the Synthesised Local Oscillator module MODM193, given in PROCEDURE L.O., to learn how to operate and work with the display. Place the A.G.C. switch in the “ON” position. Place the A.L.C. switch in the “ON” position. Place the PREC. (pre-correction) switch in the “ON” position. The Transposer is now ready to be switched on. Turn the ON-OFF switch to “ON”. At turn on the front panel display of each one L.O. Synthesiser shows the SELF-TEST sequence. The display shows “EUROTEL and the VERSION NUMBER of the operating software (example: SINT.01b). Then the display shows “BUILD” followed by 4 digits. The BUILD refers to minor variations in the software, which do not warrant a change in version, and the digits refer to the actual date of implementation (example: 3004 means April 30). The Synthesiser then shows the programmed-in channel number and the equipment starts normal operation. Check that the CARRIER LOSS red LED is extinguished, indicating presence of the I.F. signal at the I.F. input connector of the A.G.C. - A.L.C. Controller module. Check that the DRIVER ENABLED green LED is lit, indicating that the Up Converter Local Oscillator is locked and that the D.C. supply to the output R.F. Amplifier is enabled. Verify that the red ECONOMY LED and that the yellow a.p.l. LED are extinguished. Remember that the ECONOMY circuit is disabled in Transposers used with scrambled, sync-less signals. Check the channel display on the L.O. for the Up Converter module (sixth from left) to conform to the desired output channel. If different, follow the channel changing procedures outlined in Procedure L.O., following. Also check for channel offset, if used, following the already mentioned procedure. Check the channel display on the L.O. for the Down Converter module (first from left) to conform to the desired input channel. If different, follow the channel changing procedures outlined in Procedure L.O., following. Also check for channel offset, if used, following the already mentioned procedure. Using the Metering Power Supply module, check incoming signal level, R.F. output power and supply voltages. R.F. output power can be adjusted by turning the POWER screwdriver control on the A.G.C. - A.L.C. Controller panel.

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10. METERING POWER SUPPLY MODULE - MULTI-FUNCTION METERING DISPLAY

Alphanumeric LCD display description Below we list the parameters displayed in an order that is logical and may not correspond to the actual sequence. The two rows of the alphanumeric LCD display can be indifferently configured to show one of the following quantities. Push the lower button ~ Sets the quantity to be shown in the upper row, or row #1. Push the upper button ~ Sets the quantity to be shown in the lower row, or row #2.

Vsupply 1 = 5 V Shows the regulated output voltage of the power supply.

Vsupply 2 = 15 V Shows the regulated output voltage of the power supply.

Vsupply 3 = -15 V Shows the regulated output voltage of the power supply.

Vsupply 4 = 28 V Shows the regulated output voltage of the power supply.

VideoLev = ....V Shows the Video level

Sinc Lev = ....V Shows the Video Sinc. level

Aud1 = .... Shows the Audio 1 level

AudDev1 = ....Kz Shows the sound carrier 1 peak deviation.

Aud2 = .... Shows the Audio 2 level

AudDev2 = ....Kz Shows the sound carrier 2 peak deviation.

HS temp = ....°C Shows the temperature of the heat sink.

FWD peak = ....W Shows the forward peak output power of the Vision carrier.

FWD avrg = ....W Shows the forward average output power of the Vision carrier.

RFL peak = ....W shows the reflected peak output power of the Vision carrier

RFL avrg = ....W Shows the reflected average output power of the Vision carrier.

RX Field = ....dBm Shows the RX field in dBm.

First level menu description To set any particular menu, repeatedly push the SELECT button, until the required menu title appears. Then the required action is selected pushing →. Finally the selected action is stored by pushing SELECT a second time. Pushing SELECT a third time brings up the next menu and so on. For more detail see examples in the next pages. ⇒ First level menu ⇒ Display contrast (Changes the alphanumeric LCD display contrast) ⇒ Display contrast + ⇒ Display contrast -

⇒ Vision Frequency (Shows approximately the frequency of the Vision carrier at witch the amplifier is working) ⇒ View warning log (Shows the last warning conditions) ⇒ View warning log + ⇒ View warning log – ⇒ Clear (Clears the non-volatile RAM memory)

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⇒ View alarms log (Shows the last alarm conditions) ⇒ View alarms log + ⇒ View alarms log – ⇒ Clear (Clears the non-volatile RAM memory)

⇒ Store LCD view ⇒ Clic sel to store

⇒ Turn PWR ON/OFF (Configure the R.F. output power enable) ⇒ Output PWR= ON (R.F. output Amplifier enabled) ⇒ Output PWR= OFF (R.F. output Amplifier disabled)

Warning LED

The yellow WARNING LED is normally dark. It turns on to indicate that one or more operating parameters have risen above the normal limiting values. This LED blinks if some past warnings and alarms are stored in the EEPROM non volatile memory of the microprocessor. To clear this LED the alarm and warning memories have to be cleared. This can be done only during normal operation and when no warning or alarm conditions exist. To clear the memories, proceed as follows.

• Repeatedly push the SELECT button, until “View warning log.” appears. • Push button → to enter this menu. • Push CLR. The display will show: “** Cleared **”. • Then repeatedly push the SELECT button, until “View alarms log.” appears. • Push button → to enter this menu. • Push CLR. The display will show “** Cleared **”. At this point the yellow WARNING LED will go off.

11. ALIGNEMENT AND MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS

In this Section we give detailed maintenance and alignment procedures. When an external R.F. Amplifier is used, also refer to the technical manual of the Amplifier for details.

Table 9: Alignment & Maintenance information DESCRIPTION MANUAL SECTION MODULE Change Receive channel, Down Converter This manual Down Converter MODM42 Change Receive channel, Local Oscillator This manual Procedure L.O. MODM193 Change Transmit channel, Up-Converter This manual Up Converter MODM41 Change Transmit channel, Local Oscillator This manual Procedure L.O. MODM193 Change Transmit channel, Output Filter (UHF) This manual Output Filter ETL2133XX Change Transmit channel, Output Filter (VHF) This manual Output Filter ETL2130XX Change Transmit channel, external R.F. Amplifier R.F. Amplifier Amplifier manual Linearity pre-correction This manual Procedure A.G.C.-A.L.C. MODM33-4 Setting up the Protection-Alarms module This manual Protection-Alarms MODM134 Setting up the Frequency Offset This manual Procedure L.O. MODM193

To change the Receive channel, two different procedures must be followed: • Re-tune channel filter located in Down Converter plug-in MODM197. • Change operating channel of the Local Oscillator plug-in MODM193 (1° Local Oscillator).

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To change the Transmit channel, when the Transposer is in the stand-alone configuration, four different procedures must be followed:

• Re-tune channel filter located in Up-Converter plug-in MODM41. • Change operating channel of the Local Oscillator plug-in MODM193 (2° Local Oscillator). • Re-tune output R.F. band-pass filter. • Re-set R.F. output power and pre-correction.

To change the Transmit channel, when the Transposer drives an external R.F. Amplifier, five different procedures must be followed:

• Re-tune channel filter located in Up-Converter plug-in MODM41. • Change operating channel of the Local Oscillator plug-in MODM193. • Change the operating band of the external R.F. Amplifier, if applicable (software command). • Re-tune output R.F. band-pass filter in the external R.F. Amplifier. • Re-set R.F. output power and pre-correction.

To change the offset:

• Follow PROCEDURE L.O.: Change offset of Local Oscillator plug-in MODM193.

Procedure L.O.: Operation and set-up of Synthesised Local Oscillator MODM193 Normal operation: start-up sequence

NOTE: The front panel is equipped with an alphanumeric display and three pushbuttons: UP, DWN. and SEL. • At turn on the front panel display shows the following sequence: EUROTEL – SINT.01b4 – BUILD12105. • The display then shows: L.O. chn = c “NN”, where “NN” represents the working channel number. Then the display automatically locks to: c “NN” and normal operation begins. • Example: c 66 indicates that the Local Oscillator has been set and is operating on channel 66. • Note that the Synthesiser is programmed to always automatically re-set the display to the operating channel once the desired channel has been selected. Normal operation: gathering information from the alphanumeric display By alternatively pushing the UP or DWN pushbutton it is possible to access the following information. As an example, by pushing few times the UP pushbutton it is possible to have: • Operative frequency: It will show the nominal operative frequency. The display stay on this information for few seconds and then return to show the operating channel. • Selected Offset: It will show: L.O. OFFSET by the selected value of the Offset in Hz. Example: -10466 means Offset of –10466 Hz. Example: 10407 means Offset of +10407 Hz. • Synthesized V.C.O. (Voltage Controlled Oscillator) loop voltage: It will show VCO LOOP = X.X, where X.X represents the voltage in Volt. Example: 6.5 means 6.5V of loop voltage. • Tuning of the internal reference quartz Oscillator: It will show: INT REF ADJ = XXX, where XXX represents a reference number proportional to the tuning voltage of the quartz oscillator that can vary between 0 and 999. Note that, if the internal reference quartz oscillator is locked to an external reference signal , the display will show: REF LOC = X.X, where X.X is the lock loop voltage of the reference quartz oscillator given in Volt.

Note: Remember that in the Transposer the local oscillator of the first conversion(down conversion) is locked to the internal reference signal of the 2° Local Oscillator (up conversion). Therefore in the first Local Oscillator the display will always show REF LOC = X.X, where X.X is the lock loop voltage of the reference oscillator expressed in Volt.

4 The characters after “SINT.” identify the version of the software installed (example: SINT.01b) and may change from time to time. When troubleshooting the Local Oscillator, the software version should always be given to the factory. 5 The BUILD number refers to small software variations and may change from time to time as well.

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Channel set-up instructions

• Pushbutton SELECT allows access to the modification functions. Pushing this button once, “SELECT FUNCTION” appears on the display • This procedure begins with the Equipment switched off and the Local Oscillator installed on the extension board. Push SELECT, then switch6 the Equipment on and verify the previously described turn-on sequence. Release the SELECT pushbutton • Push SELECT again to enter the set-up menu. Display shows: SELECT FUNCTION. We are now inside the modification menu and with every new actuation of the SELECT button, we enter into a new modification function • Push SELECT again: you now have entered the OFFSET menu. Display shows: SET LO OFFSET • Push SELECT again: you now have entered the INTERNAL REFERENCE menu. Display shows: INT REF ADJ • Push SELECT again: you now have entered the CHANNEL menu. Display shows: SET LO CHN • Push UP to activate the CHANNEL menu. Display shows the NN number, corresponding to the previously entered channel • Now push UP or DWN to select the desired CHANNEL NUMBER • Once you have reached the desired channel, push SELECT to store the channel in the memory. The display shows STORED and then “- - -“. • After approximately 10 seconds, the display shows the LOOP VOLTAGE of the Phase Locked Loop. The display shows: VCO LOOP = R.R. • The VCO must now be tuned to bring the system into lock. Locate the cylindrical trimmer capacitor C113 on the PCB, under the VCO shield box, and carefully adjust for a LOOP VOLTAGE of approximately 7 V. Turn C113 clockwise to increase and counter-clockwise to decrease the tuning voltage • Now switch the equipment off7 and on again to exit the set up menus and to revert to normal operation. Turning the equipment back on will show the normal start up sequence, which will end by displaying the newly set channel number

Offset set-up instructions

IMPORTANT NOTE: The desired value of frequency offset is selected in Hz, the circuit will choose the closest possible frequency. This procedure doesn’t require to pull out the Local Oscillator module and/or the use of the extension card since this function can be accessed from the front panel. The oscillator can be set for a maximum offset of ±99999 Hz. Furthermore the OFFSET function doesn’t require the turn-off and subsequent turn-on of the equipment to assess the function, but it can always be used with the equipment in operative condition. • Push the SELECT pushbutton to enter the set-up menu. The SELECT FUNCTION reading will appear. • Push once again the SELECT pushbutton: we are now in the OFFSET function. The reading SET LO OFFSET will appear. • Push the UP pushbutton to activate the menu. The display will show “0”. Now it is necessary to set the required value of Offset digit by digit in Hz, starting from first most significant digit up to the last, finally it has to be defined if the value will be positive or negative. • Push the UP or DOWN pushbutton to select the most significant digit and subsequently push the SELECT pushbutton to confirm. • Continue with the same criteria by pushing the UP or DOWN pushbutton to select ,and the SELECT pushbutton to confirm all other digit up to the last. • Finally push the UP or DOWN pushbutton to choose the sign of the set value by selecting E if the value is positive or “–“ if the value is negative and then push SELECT to confirm. The alphanumeric display will show the reading STORED, and after few seconds will show the difference in Hz between the requested Offset value and the stored value . After few more seconds the display will automatically return to show the operative channel. • Example CH45 UHF Std G:

⇒ Requested Offset value: +10450 Hz ⇒ Enter the menu SET LO OFFSET and push the UP pushbutton ⇒ Select the digit 1 through the UP or DOWN pushbutton, and then push SELECT ⇒ Select the digit 0 through the UP or DOWN pushbutton, and then push SELECT ⇒ Select the digit 4 through the UP or DOWN pushbutton, and then push SELECT ⇒ Select the digit 5 through the UP or DOWN pushbutton, and then push SELECT ⇒ Select the digit 0 through the UP or DOWN pushbutton, and then push SELECT ⇒ Select E through the UP or DOWN pushbutton, and then push SELECT ⇒ The display shows Diff= -43 , it means that the Offset value that has been set is + 10407Hz Setting an Offset of –10450 Hz it will be obtained Diff= -16 and therefore an Offset value of –10466 Hz

6 MAKE SURE the R.F. output is connected to a suitable 50 Ω DUMMY LOAD. 7 When it is necessary to provide continuous monitoring of the Loop Voltage, as during maintenance, do not switch the Equipment off. The Equipment will operate normally, but the display will always show the Loop Voltage, until the Equipment is switched off and then back on.

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Maintenance instructions In many instances the Operator needs to keep track of the VCO Loop Voltage continuously. With reference to note 8, bottom page, and to the channel change procedure, to obtain the permanent display of the Loop voltage, execute the previously described channel change procedure, without removing the plug in, to go to an adjacent channel and then back again. The reading of the VCO Loop Voltage will be on the display as long as you do not switch the Equipment off. Without an external reference signal8, the final output frequency of the L.O. can be trimmed by the following procedure. • Connect the L.O. MONITOR socket to a frequency counter. Make sure the Equipment has been turned on by at least 30 minutes, to allow the internal Reference Oscillator to reach a stable temperature. • Note: The INTERNAL REFERENCE function does not require a switch-off, switch-on cycle, but can always be performed during normal Equipment operation. • Push SELECT to enter the set-up menu. Display shows: SELECT FUNCTION. • Push SELECT again as many times as required to reach the INTERNAL REFERENCE function. Display shows: INT REF ADJ. • Push UP to enable this function. • Display shows: INT REF ADJ = PPP, where PPP is the previously entered correction value. • Now read the frequency shown by the frequency counter. Push UP or DWN to bring the frequency to the required value.

• Push SELECT to store the new correction value.

• Display now shows STORED, followed by “ - - - “.

• After approximately 20 seconds, the display automatically reverts to the operating channel.

The following ALARM MESSAGES can appear, due to a fault, during operation, as explained below. VLO This alarm shows that the VCO loop voltage has reached an OUT OF BOUND limit and there is a malfunction in the loop. This message may also appear if the VCO has been grossly mis-tuned. Alarm reference number: 1. VREF This alarm shows that the REFERENCE OSCILLATOR loop voltage has reached an OUT OF BOUND limit and there is a malfunction in this loop. Alarm reference number: 2. LO PLL This alarm shows that the VCO is out of lock. This condition can happen if a mistake is made while tuning the VCO to lock. This alarm may also appear at turn-on, if the VCO is out of lock. Repeat tuning procedure as described above. Alarm reference number: 4.

ALAR SS This alarm is the sum of two alarms and appears when there are two simultaneous alarm conditions. Number SS shows the two relating reference numbers. For example ALAR 42 means that the V.C.O. is out of lock, that the reference signal is present and that the internal reference is also on the verge of unlock.

Procedure A.G.C-A.L.C.: Linearity pre-correction and the R.F. power output – Controller MODM33-6

General guidelines In a Television Transposer, the linearity/phase pre-correction compensates the linearity/phase distortion of R.F. power amplifiers by introducing a symmetrical and contrary distortion at I.F. level. The following points must be considered, when looking at pre-correction of R.F. Amplifiers, because the distortion of amplifiers working in class “A” is different from the distortion generated by amplifiers in class “AB”.

• Amplitude distortion in class “A” Amplifiers has in general the nature of signal compression and prevails at the maximum amplitude of the R.F. modulated signal (i.e. at the level of the sync pulses and of the black). Phase distortion is in general low or very low. • Amplitude and phase distortion in class “AB” Amplifiers appear at all levels of amplitude of the R.F. modulated signal. Therefore a certain set of pre-correction parameters is valid for a certain R.F. power output. If output level is increased or decreased, pre-correction must be re-adjusted. Hence the importance for an accurate and stable A.L.C., which will keep R.F. output constant regardless of system gain variations.

The theoretical consequence from the above is that the positioning of the pre-correction trimmers will be different, depending on the operating class of the R.F. amplifier to be corrected. In practice the difference is not as great as it could be expected, because normally R.F. Amplifiers consist at least of a driver stage (that can be in class “A” or in class “AB”) followed by a final stage, that generally works in class “AB”. Therefore the Operator needs to compensate the result of a “Mixture” of operating modes.

8 See warning under “Normal Operation” in previous page. Reference frequency of 1° L.O. cannot be adjusted, as it is locked to internal reference of 2° L.O.

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The pre-correction devices are three front panel accessible multi-turn resistive trimmers, K1, K2 and K3. Six more pre- correction devices are associated to K1, K2 and K3. These control the amplitude of the pre-correction signal and its phase, as explained below. With reference to the P.C. board parts placement diagram of MODM33 plug-in:

• K1 together with S1 (Amplitude) and PH1 (Phase) controls the BLACK linearity zone. • K2 together with S2 (Amplitude) and PH2 (Phase) controls the GRAY linearity zone. • K3 together with S3 (Amplitude) and PH3 (Phase) controls the WHITE linearity zone.

In general the settings are not very critical, when pre-correcting pure class “A” R.F. amplifiers. A small amplitude correction at white level, K3, followed by a greater correction at grey level K2 and a deep correction at black level K3. Phase corrections will be small. The ideal procedure is to always start with white (K3-S3-PH3), then grey (K2-S2-PH29) and finally black (K1-S1-PH1). The prevailing correction, with class “AB” R.F. amplifiers, is white (K3-S3-PH3), followed by grey (K2-S2-PH2) and finally black (K1-S1-PH1). Phase corrections will also play a greater role.

Pre-correction & R.F. power output adjustment procedure The most sensitive and accurate pre-correction is achieved by doing the adjustments while observing the intermodulation products at all amplitude levels of the vision carrier, suitably demodulated from an R.F. sample taken at the output of the R.F. amplifier. The video carrier is modulated with a grey staircase signal, complete with the chrominance signal.

Transposer Dummy Load under test

I.F. TV Modulator

ADJUSTMENTS:

K1-S1-PH1 K2-S2-PH2 R.F. Demodulator Video Measurement K3-S3-PH3 Set. Video Signal Generator. VM 700 Staircase with or equivalent chrominance signal.

Figure 9: Blocks diagram for pre-correction set-up of TV Transposers

With reference to blocks diagram above: Connect a Staircase Video Waveform Generator to a TV Intermediate Frequency Modulator. Connect the output of the I.F. Modulator to the “IF IN” BNC socket on the front panel of the A.G.C-A.L.C. Controller module MODM33-4. Connect the output of the Transposer (Transposer alone, or Transposer + R.F. Amplifier, in case of composite units) to a dummy load. Connect the R.F. MONITOR output of the Transposer, or of the R.F. Amplifier, to the Demodulator. Connect the output of the Demodulator to a Video Measurement Set, such as, for example, the Tektronix VM700, or to another analogue Waveform Monitor. It is essential that the Video Measurement Set be equipped with a Differential Step Filter, as this device enhances the display of the intermodulation products that have to be minimised.

IMPORTANT If the Transposer was factory aligned on the same channel and for the same R.F. power output, only a small touch-up of trimmers K1, K2 and K3 is required. A small correction will also be needed after the replacement of a faulty R.F. device, and/or for a small frequency change, and/or for change in R.F. power output. In these cases it will not be necessary to extract the MODM33 plug-in to gain access to the internal trimmers.

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Here below we give the complete procedure for the setting up of the pre-correction.

• Install the MODM33-4 plug-in on the extender card, in order to gain access to the P.C. board. Using the parts placement diagram, identify trimmers S3-PH3, S2-PH2 and S1-PH1. • Position multi-turn (10 turn) trimmers K3, K2 and K1 fully CCW (counter-clockwise). • Position trimmers S3-PH3, S2-PH2 and S1-PH1 at mid-range. • Turn the Transposer on, set the wanted R.F. output level by adjusting the POWER screwdriver adjustment on the front panel of the A.G.C. - A.L.C. Controller module MODM33-4, and observe the intermodulation products on the Waveform Monitor, with switch PREC. “ON-OFF” in the OFF position. • Set the PREC. switch in ON and rotate K3 clockwise (CW) while observing the intermodulation products in the WHITE zone, until a reduction of the products is obtained. Now use S3 to increase or decrease the AMPLITUDE of pre- correction in the WHITE zone and, for every combination K3-S3 try to optimise the PHASE of pre-correction, working on PH3. Note that these adjustments will also have some influence on the situation of GRAY and BLACK. • Rotate K2 CW while observing the intermodulation products in the GRAY zone, until a reduction of the products is obtained. Now use S2 to increase or decrease the AMPLITUDE of pre-correction in the GRAY zone and, for every combination K2-S2 try to optimise the PHASE of pre-correction, working on PH2. Note that these adjustments will also have some influence on the situation of WHITE. Go back to K3 and associated trimmers to re-adjust and optimise the WHITE again. • Rotate K1 CW, while observing the products in the BLACK zone. Obtain additional attenuation using S1-PH1. • Repeat all previously described adjustments, taking the various interactions into account, until the best compromise is found, which will equalise the attenuation of unwanted products at all levels. • Switching PREC. off and on, it will be possible to check the effect of pre-correction, during adjustment and after satisfactory adjustment has been achieved.

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