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Application of Noise Mapping in an Indian Opencast Mine for Effective Noise Management
12th ICBEN Congress on Noise as a Public Health Problem Application of noise mapping in an Indian opencast mine for effective noise management Veena Manwar1, Bibhuti Bhusan Mandal2, Asim Kumar Pal3 1 National Institute of Miners’ Health, Department of Occupational Hygiene, Nagpur, India (corresponding author) 2 National Institute of Miners’ Health, Department of Occupational Hygiene, Nagpur, India 3 Indian Institute of Technology-Indian School of Mines (IIT-ISM), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dhanbad, India Corresponding author's e-mail address: [email protected] ABSTRACT So far as mining industry is concerned, noise pollution is not new. It is generated from operation of equipment and plants for excavation and transport of minerals which affects mine employees as well as population residing in nearby areas. Although in the Recommendations of Tenth Conference on Safety in Mines, noise mapping has been made mandatory in Indian mines still mining industry are not giving proper importance on producing noise maps of mines. Noise mapping is preferred for visualization and its propagation in the form of noise contours so that preventive measures are planned and implemented. The study was conducted in an opencast mine in Central India. Sound sources were identified and noise measurements were carried out according to national and international standards. Considering source locations along with noise levels and other meteorological, geographical factors as inputs, noise maps were generated by Predictor LimA software. Results were evaluated in the light of Central Pollution Control Board norms as to whether noise exposure in the residential and industrial area were within prescribed limits or not. -
Frequency and Network Planning Aspects of DVB-T2
Report ITU-R BT.2254 (09/2012) Frequency and network planning aspects of DVB-T2 BT Series Broadcasting service (television) ii Rep. ITU-R BT.2254 Foreword The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio-frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R policy on IPR is described in the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC referenced in Annex 1 of Resolution ITU-R 1. Forms to be used for the submission of patent statements and licensing declarations by patent holders are available from http://www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/patents/en where the Guidelines for Implementation of the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC and the ITU-R patent information database can also be found. Series of ITU-R Reports (Also available online at http://www.itu.int/publ/R-REP/en) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for television BS Broadcasting service (sound) BT Broadcasting service (television) F Fixed service M Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur and related satellite services P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-satellite service SA Space applications and meteorology SF Frequency sharing and coordination between fixed-satellite and fixed service systems SM Spectrum management Note: This ITU-R Report was approved in English by the Study Group under the procedure detailed in Resolution ITU-R 1. -
Designline PROFILE 42
High Performance Displays FLAT TV SOLUTIONS DesignLine PROFILE 42 Plasma FlatTV 106cm / 42" WWW.CONRAC.DE HIGH PERFORMANCE DISPLAYS FLAT TV SOLUTIONS DesignLine PROFILE 42 (106cm / 42 Zoll Diagonale) Neu: Verarbeitet HD-Signale ! New: HD-Compliant ! Einerseits eine bestechend klare Linienführung. Andererseits Akzente durch die farblich gestalteten Profilleisten in edler Metallic-Lackierung. Das Heimkino-Erlebnis par Excellence. Impressively clear lines teamed with decorative aluminium strips in metallic finish provide coloured highlights. The ultimate home cinema experience. Für höchste Ansprüche: Die FlatTVs der DesignLine kombinieren Hightech mit einzigartiger Optik. Die komplette Elektronik sowie die hochwertigen Breitband-Stereolautsprecher wurden komplett ins Gehäuse integriert. Der im Lieferumfang enthaltene Design-Standfuß aus Glas lässt sich für die Wandmontage einfach und problemlos entfernen, so dass das Display noch platzsparender wie ein Bild an der Wand angebracht werden kann. Die extrem flachen Bildschirme bieten eine unübertroffene Bildbrillanz und -schärfe. Das lüfterlose Konzept basiert auf dem neuesten Stand der Technik: Ohne störende Nebengeräusche hören Sie nur das, was Sie hören möchten. Einfaches Handling per Fernbedienung und mit übersichtlichem On-Screen-Menü. Die Kombination aus Flachdisplay-Technologie, einer High Performance Scaling Engine und einem zukunftsweisenden De-Interlacer* mit speziellen digitalen Algorithmen zur optimalen Darstellung bewegter Bilder bietet Ihnen ein unvergleichliches Fernseherlebnis. Zusätzlich vermittelt die Noise Reduction eine angenehme Bildruhe. For the most decerning tastes: DesignLine flat panel TVs combine advanced technology with outstanding appearance. All the electronics and the high-quality broadband stereo speakers have been fully integrated in the casing. The design glass stand included in the scope of supply can easily be removed for wall assembly, allowing the display to be mounted to the wall like a picture to save even more space. -
Sensory Unpleasantness of High-Frequency Sounds
Acoust. Sci. & Tech. 34, 1 (2013) #2013 The Acoustical Society of Japan PAPER Sensory unpleasantness of high-frequency sounds Kenji Kurakata1;Ã, Tazu Mizunami1 and Kazuma Matsushita2 1National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Central 6, 1–1–1 Higashi, Tsukuba, 305–8566 Japan 2National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (NITE), 2–49–10, Nishihara, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 151–0066 Japan ( Received 5 March 2012, Accepted for publication 2 August 2012 ) Abstract: The sensory unpleasantness of high-frequency sounds of 1 kHz and higher was investigated in psychoacoustic experiments in which young listeners with normal hearing participated. Sensory unpleasantness was defined as a perceptual impression of sounds and was differentiated from annoyance, which implies a subjective relation to the sound source. Listeners evaluated the degree of unpleasantness of high-frequency pure tones and narrow-band noise (NBN) by the magnitude estimation method. Estimates were analyzed in terms of the relationship with sharpness and loudness. Results of analyses revealed that the sensory unpleasantness of pure tones was a different auditory impression from sharpness; the unpleasantness was more level dependent but less frequency dependent than sharpness. Furthermore, the unpleasantness increased at a higher rate than loudness did as the sound pressure level (SPL) became higher. Equal-unpleasantness-level contours, which define the combinations of SPL and frequency of tone having the same degree of unpleasantness, were drawn to display the frequency dependence of unpleasantness more clearly. Unpleasantness of NBN was weaker than that of pure tones, although those sounds were expected to have the same loudness as pure tones. -
Transmission System and Hardware
DiBEG Digital Broadcasting Experts Group Presentation 5 Digital Broadcasting Facilities and System Part 2 : Transmission System and Hardware October 15th, 2004 Digital Broadcasting Expert Group (DiBEG) Yasuo TAKAHASHI(Toshiba) 1 DiBEG Digital Broadcasting Experts Group Contents 1. Comparison of Analog system and Digital System 2. Outline of Digital Transmission Network -Transmission network Chain -SFN transmission Network 3. Transmission System and Hardware -High Power Transmitter System -Micro-wave transmission Link -Trans-poser and new technologies -Peripheral 4. Antenna for Digital Broadcasting in Tokyo Tower 2 DiBEG Digital Broadcasting Experts Group 1.Comparison of Analog System and Digital System (1)Differences of Transmitter Composition (2)Differences of Specifications 3 DiBEG Digital Broadcasting Experts Group 1. Comparison of Analog system and Digital System(1/ ) (1)Differences of Transmitter Composition Transmitter composition is quite different. Video Video Video STL Exciter TX STL RF Antenna Term. Com- Audio Audio Audio biner Exciter TX (a) Analog High Power Transmitter block-diagram STL STL TS Digital Digital Antenna Term. Exciter TX (note) TS: transport stream (b) Digital High Power Transmitter block-diagram 4 DiBEG Digital Broadcasting Experts Group (2) Differences of Specification (a)Required transmitting Power minimum required signal field strength of digital system is about 1/10 of analog system.( In Japan, 70dBuV/m for analog T V, 60dBuv/m for digital TV) Tokyo area key station: Analog system; 50kW VHF Digital system ; 10kW UHF (b) Frequency difference Frequency difference is critical for digital SFN network system 5 DiBEG Digital Broadcasting Experts Group (c) Non-linear distortion In digital system Non-linear distortion of transmitter causes the inter-modulation products, and these products are fallen into the adjacent sub-channels. -
47 CFR Ch. I (10–1–06 Edition) § 15.117
§ 15.117 47 CFR Ch. I (10–1–06 Edition) § 15.117 TV broadcast receivers. comprising five pushbuttons and a separate manual tuning knob is considered to provide (a) All TV broadcast receivers repeated access to six channels at discrete shipped in interstate commerce or im- tuning positions. A one-knob (VHF/UHF) ported into the United States, for sale tuning system providing repeated access to or resale to the public, shall comply 11 or more discrete tuning positions is also with the provisions of this section, ex- acceptable, provided each of the tuning posi- cept that paragraphs (f) and (g) of this tions is readily adjustable, without the use section shall not apply to the features of tools, to receive any UHF channel. of such sets that provide for reception (2) Tuning controls and channel read- of digital television signals. The ref- out. UHF tuning controls and channel erence in this section to TV broadcast readout on a given receiver shall be receivers also includes devices, such as comparable in size, location, accessi- TV interface devices and set-top de- bility and legibility to VHF controls vices that are intended to provide and readout on that receiver. audio-video signals to a video monitor, that incorporate the tuner portion of a NOTE: Differences between UHF and VHF TV broadcast receiver and that are channel readout that follow directly from the larger number of UHF television chan- equipped with an antenna or antenna nels available are acceptable if it is clear terminals that can be used for off-the- that a good faith effort to comply with the air reception of TV broadcast signals, provisions of this section has been made. -
Technical Review: Wib – a New System Concept for Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT)
WiB – A New System Concept for Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT) 06 March 2017 E. Stare, J.J. Giménez, P.Klenner FOREWORD The main purpose of an EBU Technical Review is to critically examine new technologies or developments in media production or distribution. All Technical Reviews are reviewed by one (or more) technical experts at the EBU or externally and by the EBU Technical Editions Manager. Responsibility for the views expressed in this article rests solely with the author(s). To access the full collection of our Technical Reviews, please see: tech.ebu.ch/publications If you are interested in submitting a topic for an EBU Technical Review, please contact: [email protected] EBU Technology & Innovation | Technical Review | 06 March 2017 2 ABSTRACT Authors: E. STARE1, J.J. GIMÉNEZ2, P. KLENNER3 A new system concept for DTT, called “WiB”, is presented, where potentially all frequencies within the Ultra High Frequency (UHF) band are used on all transmitter (Tx) sites (i.e. reuse-1). Interference, especially from neighbouring transmitters operating on the same frequency and transmitting different information, is handled by a combination of a robust transmission mode, directional discrimination of the receiving antenna and interference cancellation methods. With this approach DTT may be transmitted as a single wideband signal, covering potentially the entire UHF band, from a single wideband transmitter per transmitter site. Thanks to a higher spectrum utilisation the approach allows for a dramatic reduction in fundamental power/cost and about 37 - 60% capacity increase for the same coverage compared with current DTT. High speed mobile reception as well as fine granularity local services would also be supported, without loss of capacity. -
Ds101 Noise Gate for the 500 Series Rack System
DRAWMER DS101 NOISE GATE FOR THE 500 SERIES RACK SYSTEM CONTENTS Warranty . 2 Safety Consideration . 2 Radio Frequencies Statement . 2 Chapter 1 - Introduction Introduction . 3 Installation . 4 Audio Connection . 4 Typical Connection Guide . 5 Chapter 2 - Control Description The Gate Controls . 6 The Key Filters . 8 Quick Start Guide . 9 Noise Gate Operation . .10 Chapter 3 - General Information If a fault develops. 15 Contacting Drawmer . .15 Specification. 15 Block Diagram. 16 Session Recall Sheet . 17 DRAWMER COPYRIGHT This manual is copyrighted © 2012 by Drawmer Electronics Ltd. With all rights reserved. Under copyright laws, no part of this publication may be reproduced, transmitted, stored in a retrieval system or translated into any language in any form by any means, mechanical, optical, electronic, recording, or otherwise, without the written permission of Drawmer Electronics Ltd. ONE YEAR LIMITED WARRANTY Drawmer Electronics Ltd., warrants the Drawmer DS101 Noise Gate For the USA to conform substantially to the specifications of this manual for a period of one year from the original date of purchase when used in FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION RADIO accordance with the specifications detailed in this manual. In the FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE STATEMENT case of a valid warranty claim, your sole and exclusive remedy and This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits Drawmer’s entire liability under any theory of liability will be to, at for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Drawmer’s discretion, repair or replace the product without charge, These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against or, if not possible, to refund the purchase price to you. -
User's Manual
USER’S MANUAL G-Force GUITAR EFFECTS PROCESSOR IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS The lightning flash with an arrowhead symbol The exclamation point within an equilateral triangle within an equilateral triangle, is intended to alert is intended to alert the user to the presence of the user to the presence of uninsulated "dan- important operating and maintenance (servicing) gerous voltage" within the product's enclosure that may instructions in the literature accompanying the product. be of sufficient magnitude to constitute a risk of electric shock to persons. 1 Read these instructions. Warning! 2 Keep these instructions. • To reduce the risk of fire or electrical shock, do not 3 Heed all warnings. expose this equipment to dripping or splashing and 4 Follow all instructions. ensure that no objects filled with liquids, such as vases, 5 Do not use this apparatus near water. are placed on the equipment. 6 Clean only with dry cloth. • This apparatus must be earthed. 7 Do not block any ventilation openings. Install in • Use a three wire grounding type line cord like the one accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. supplied with the product. 8 Do not install near any heat sources such • Be advised that different operating voltages require the as radiators, heat registers, stoves, or other use of different types of line cord and attachment plugs. apparatus (including amplifiers) that produce heat. • Check the voltage in your area and use the 9 Do not defeat the safety purpose of the polarized correct type. See table below: or grounding-type plug. A polarized plug has two blades with one wider than the other. -
Chapter 6 Mixers
Chapter 6 Mixers 1 Sections to be covered • 6.1 General Considerations • 6.2 Passive Downconversion Mixers • 6.3 Active Downconversion Mixers 2 Chapter Outline General Passive Mixers Considerations Conversion Gain Port-to-Port Feedthrough Single-Balanced and Double-Balanced Mixers Passive and Active Mixers Active Mixers Conversion Gain 3 Recall: Generic TX & RX 4 General Considerations (I) Mixers perform frequency translation by multiplying two waveforms. Example: mixer using an ideal switch VLO turns the switch on and off, yielding VVIF RFor V IF 0 multiplication of the RF input by a square wave toggling between 0 and 1, even if VLO is a sinusoid. ⋅ 5 General Considerations (II) Mixers perform frequency translation by multiplying two waveforms (and possibly their harmonics). Example: mixer using an ideal switch ⋅ VRF The circuits mixes the RF input with all of the LO harmonics, producing “mixing spurs”. The LO port of this mixer is very nonlinear. The RF port must remain sufficiently linear to satisfy the compression and intermodulation requirements. 6 Performance Parameters: Port-to-Port Feedthrough feedthrough from the LO port to the RF and IF ports. gate-source capacitances gate-drain capacitances Owing to device capacitances, mixers suffer from unwanted coupling (feedthrough) from one port to another. Example of LO-RF Feedthrough in Mixer Consider the mixer shown below, where VLO = V1 cos ωLOt + V0 and CGS denotes the gate-source overlap capacitance of M1. Neglecting the on-resistance of M1 and assuming abrupt switching, determine the dc offset at the output for RS = 0 and RS > 0. Assume RL >> RS. The LO leakage to node X is expressed as Basic component of VLO (square wave) can be expressed as The dc component: 8 The output dc offset vanishes if RS = 0. -
Using Equalization on HF SSB
Using Equalization on HF SSB Bill Leonard NØCU 4/27/2010 1 Topics: •Some Commonly Used Methods for Improving HF SSB Comms •Some key points about speech and hearing •The W2IHY 8 Band Equalizer + Noise Gate •What is it •When to use it •Where to use it •How to use it •What it can, and cannot do 4/27/2010 2 What is “communication”? •Communication Transfer of Information •What is “information transfer”? •CW •Digital comms •SSB Voice Different modes require different •Rag-chew methods to optimize information transfer •Breaking DX pile-ups •FM Voice 4/27/2010 3 What can we do to improve our ability to communicate via HF SSB? Typical communication path Processor Voice Mic EQ Xmtr Rcvr EQ Spkr Ear (Brain) .. .. Typical Why Not Here? Location 4/27/2010 4 Some Commonly Used Methods for Improving HF SSB Comms: 1. Improve received SNR: •Use higher gain antennas •Use higher peak transmitter power •Raise average transmit power (compression) •There is a limit: trade-off between distortion vs. SNR improvement •Some (W2IHY) claim that straight compression can degrade transmit SNR •I question this claim (all limiters exhibit “small signal suppression”) •Compression will increase background noise when no speech signal is present •Use of a Noise Gate should mitigate this problem •“Matched Filter” detection: •“Matching” filters means more than just reducing bandwidth arbitrarily •There is a limit: trade-off between distortion vs. SNR improvement •A 10 Hz filter won’t work very well with a 60 wpm CW signal •Reducing receiver noise figure will not help when atmospheric noise is dominant 4/27/2010 5 Some Commonly Used Methods for Improving HF SSB Comms (continued): 1. -
Improved Television Systems: NTSC and Beyond
• Improved Television Systems: NTSC and Beyond By William F. Schreiber After a discussion ofthe limits to received image quality in NTSC and a excellent results. Demonstrations review of various proposals for improvement, it is concluded that the have been made showing good motion current system is capable ofsignificant increase in spatial and temporal rendition with very few frames per resolution. and that most of these improvements can be made in a second,2 elimination of interline flick er by up-conversion, 3 and improved compatible manner. Newly designed systems,for the sake ofmaximum separation of luminance and chromi utilization of channel capacity. should use many of the techniques nance by means of comb tilters. ~ proposedfor improving NTSC. such as high-rate cameras and displays, No doubt the most important ele but should use the component. rather than composite, technique for ment in creating interest in this sub color multiplexing. A preference is expressed for noncompatible new ject was the demonstration of the Jap systems, both for increased design flexibility and on the basis oflikely anese high-definition television consumer behaL'ior. Some sample systems are described that achieve system in 1981, a development that very high quality in the present 6-MHz channels, full "HDTV" at the took more than ten years.5 Orches CCIR rate of 216 Mbits/sec, or "better-than-35mm" at about 500 trated by NHK, with contributions Mbits/sec. Possibilities for even higher efficiency using motion compen from many Japanese companies, im sation are described. ages have been produced that are comparable to 35mm theater quality.