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View Walsall's Local Climate Impacts Profile (LCLIP)

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View Walsall's Local Climate Impacts Profile (LCLIP) Local Climate Impacts Profile For Walsall Council Project Manager: Carol Edmondson, Climate Change Team, Walsall Council Telephone: 01922 652864 E-mail: [email protected] Research by: Groundwork Black Country Telephone: 0121 530 5500 Email: [email protected] Contents 1 Executive Summary 1.1 Background 2 1.2 Summary of results 3 1.3 Identified costs 3 1.4 Recommendations 4 2 Background 2.1 Project Background 7 2.2 Introduction to a Local Climate Impacts Profile (LCLIP) 7 2.3 Methodology 8 2.4 Classification of extreme weather impacts 8 3 The local climate and weather 3.1 Geographical context 9 3.2 Temperature 9 3.3 Precipitation 12 3.4 Wind 13 3.5 Storms 15 3.6 Frost/snow 16 3.7 Atmospheric particulates 17 3.8 Humidity 18 3.9 Climate Change 19 4 Service Impacts 4.1 Storms 21 4.2 Rain / flooding 21 4.3 Sun / heat 24 4.4 Snow and ice 26 5. Conclusion 28 Appendix 1 30 National Indicators relating to climate Appendix 2 31 Meteorological stations, glossary and references Appendix 3 32 Media Trawl Database 2 1 Executive Summary 1.1 Background The weather has historically had a major impact upon the way human society has developed. More than ever before changing weather patterns have the potential to impact heavily upon how we live our lives. It is now an accepted scientific fact that our climate is changing, and local authorities must act proactively to adapt to the world of tomorrow. The concept of ‘future proofing’ is now essential to local and central Governance. Creating a sustainable society is the challenge set by central Government, but delivered by local authorities. Adaptation to the changing climate is crucial to this, and is a task for every section of society. ‘Sustainability’ takes into account social, economic and ecological factors and these are all greatly impacted by climatic events. It is the local authority duty to set an example and lead the way by identifying how their services will be affected in the future and strategically planning for this. The following extract is taken from Walsall Council’s Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan: “Combating climate change is recognised as a major issue for us all that will continue to have far reaching effects on people and places, economy, society and environment.” In recent years issues of Sustainable Development and Climate Change have become integral at all levels of policy development and service provision. In 2005 the UK Government updated its Sustainable Development Strategy and in 2008 passed the first ever Climate Change Act. The task of managing UK carbon emissions has also been the centre of three Energy White Papers (2003, 2006 and 2007). The Government also included a number of climate change related indicators within the National Indicators by which Local Authorities will be judged. Most crucially in this case NI 188: Planning to Adapt to Climate Change. The UK has passed legislation which introduces the world’s first long term legally binding framework to tackle the dangers of climate change. Defra 1 Walsall has been in the frontline of the regeneration and redevelopment of the West Midlands. In the 2001 census, the town had a population of 170,994 with the wider borough having a population of 253,500. The area has a rich industrial heritage but also a heritage of historical emissions. It is widely acknowledged that the changes in our climate we are currently experiencing are as a result of past emissions. It is the job of the local authority to mitigate the borough’s current emissions and adapt to future changes in climate that will happen as a result of the emissions of today. In order to do this they must first understand how the weather and climate have previously impacted upon their services, identifying trends and costs not just in terms of 1 http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/climatechange/uk/legislation/ 3 economics but also socially and ecologically. Carrying out a Local Climate Impacts Profile (LCLIP) marks an important step in this process. 1.2 Summary The process of carrying out the Local Climate Impacts Profile has demonstrated evidence of the wide variety of impacts extreme weather events have had in Walsall. The media trawl reflects current thinking on climate change in that there is little pattern in the extreme weather events recorded. Rather the weather events are becoming more frequent but less predictable, and as such harder to plan for. It has been difficult to quantify these impacts due to the current recording processes in place. Often impacts of weather events have not been recorded as such, rather these impacts have been absorbed into wider data i.e. staff time for dealing with weather anomalies. It has, however, been possible to identify a small number of financial costs (these are summarized below). Costs in terms of damage to the local authority’s reputation are much harder to measure. A detailed summary of the weather events recorded between 1998 and 2007 are given in Section 4 of this document. Prior to this, Section 3 deals with the local climate of Walsall and projected future climatic changes. Overall, Walsall has suffered from a number of extreme weather events that are likely to increase in frequency in the future. For the most part council services have dealt with direct impacts successfully. However it is the indirect and knock-on consequences that will be crucial in Walsall’s adaptation strategy. A more stringent system of recording extreme weather events must also be developed, in order that the true consequences of the changing climate can be identified. 1.3 Identified costs The only definite costs we have been able to identify have all been as a result of flooding: Cancelled events due to extreme weather Cancellation of Fireworks in 1998 - £18,000 This led to the cancellation of future events at Arboretum which resulted in potential lost income in subsequent years of £35,000-£70,000 (based on each night of fireworks raising £5,000-10,000). Poor attendance at the Illuminations due to bad weather in 1998 - £72,000 Damage to permanent infrastructure - £10,000 Roads and transport Increased staff time for traffic management team during 2007 floods - £1000 for every 2-3 hours Total cost of 2007 floods - £20,000 Increased salting of roads, in 2005 £3,500 worth of salt used in one night. These are just a small percentage of the true costs of extreme weather events and their knock-on consequences. The majority of weather related costs are simply absorbed into wider operating costs, and not recorded separately. Additional staff time required in the wake of extreme weather events is an example of this. This is often recorded simply as overtime, with the reason for this overtime overlooked. Similarly the true costs of weather related infrastructure damage are often lost within maintenance budgets. In order to truly assess the potential damage to local authority services it will be essential to record and monitor weather related costs in a more efficient way. 1.4 Recommendations Development of a standardised system of recording impacts of weather events across the Local Authority. Information must be recorded and stored separately from traditional monitoring procedures so that true costs can be calculated. These records must also be transparent and available to all directorates. Improve Traffic Infrastructure Management by reviewing monitoring systems related to flooding hotspots to increase efficiency so that early action can be taken. Establish a process to review the impacts of weather events on a 2-3 year basis in order that procedures, measures and budgets can be reviewed. This will need to be an on-going process and will rely on the record keeping discussed above. Install awareness of potential future impacts of climate change in all planning and infrastructure design. We must be looking to the climate of tomorrow rather than the climate of today. Investigate impacts of extreme weather on local households, businesses and communities for a more rounded appreciation of true costs. There are significant financial implications related to insurance and future acceptance of climate change related claims against policies. Investigate the possibility of taking out bad weather insurance for existing outdoor events – although this may not be financially viable. Develop an adaptation strategy or framework for all council directorates to adhere to. Each directorate must individually assess possible future climate impacts on operations and services, and put into place measures to deal with these. 5 Review budgets for Traffic Management and Road Maintenance as current financial limitations leave them particularly vulnerable to extreme weather events. Review all strategies and policies regarding vulnerable people/groups taking into account increased risks relating to our changing climate i.e. issues surrounding fuel poverty (NI: 187). While local authority officers were aware of issues surrounding climate change, this appeared to be in a directorate specific fashion. Greater awareness about the wider implications of the subject would assist overall council operations and encourage cross-directorate initiatives. Develop a strategy to increase public awareness not only of the issue, but also the likely impacts they will experience. Making people aware of these, and active in their resolution, will be less damaging to reputation when incidents occur. Regular assessment of risk of fire in large green-spaces during periods of extreme heat. Also increased Police patrols to deal with rises in anti-social behavior during these periods. Utilize UKCIP’s UK Climate Projections (due to be released in 2009) alongside the LCLIP to fully assess projected changes in Walsall’s future climate. Ensure that all businesses the council deals with are also committed to tackling climate change.
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