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Sentencing law in England and Wales Legislation currently in force Part 3.3 – Non-custodial penalties 9 October 2015 Part 3.3 – Non-custodial penalties Part 3. Sentencing powers and duties 3.3 Non-custodial penalties 329 3.3.1. General powers 329 3.3.1.1. Fines 329 3.3.1.2. Bind overs 347 3.3.1.3. Bind over (parents/guardian) 357 3.3.1.4. Discharges 361 3.3.1.5. Parenting orders/Parental orders 372 3.3.1.6. Attendance centre orders 385 3.3.2. Adults 393 3.3.2.1. Community order 393 3.3.3. Youths 436 3.3.3.1. Youth Rehabilitation Order 436 3.3.3.2. Referral Order 491 3.3.3.3. Reparation Order 516 328 Law Commission: Sentencing law in England and Wales – Legislation currently in force 3.3 Non-custodial penalties 3.3.1. General powers 3.3.1.1. Fines 3.3.1.1.1 Power to order fines Crown Court Power CJA 2003 s.163588: General power of Crown Court to fine offender convicted on indictment s.163 - where a person is convicted on indictment, for an offence other than one which is fixed by law or a statutory sentence (e.g. PCC(S)A 2000 s.110), the court may impose a fine instead or in addition to dealing with him in any other way, unless prohibited by another enactment Limit CLA 1977 s.32589: Other provisions as to maximum fines s.32(1) - on conviction on indictment, there is a power to impose an unlimited fine Magistrates’ Court Power MCA 1980 s.32590: Penalties on summary conviction for offences triable either way s.32(1) - on summary conviction of any of the offences triable either way listed in Schedule 1 to this Act a person shall be liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to a fine not exceeding the prescribed sum or both, except that— (a) a magistrates’ court shall not have power to impose imprisonment for an offence so listed if the Crown Court would not have that power in the case of an adult convicted of it on indictment. s.32(2) - for any offence triable either way which is not listed in Schedule 1 to this Act, being an offence under a relevant enactment, the maximum fine which may be imposed on summary conviction shall by virtue of this subsection be the prescribed sum unless the offence is one for which by virtue of an enactment other than this subsection a larger fine may be imposed on summary conviction. s.32(3) - where, by virtue of any relevant enactment, a person summarily convicted of an offence triable either way would, apart from this section, be liable to a maximum fine of one amount in the case of a first conviction and of a different amount in the case of a 588 Commencement: 4 April 2005, SI 2005/950 art.2 and Sch.1 para.7 589 Commencement: 17 July 1978 SI 1978/712 art.2(2) and Sch.1, but not in relation to Scotland, SI 1978/712 art.1(2). For the Scottish commencement, see SI 1978/900. 590 Commencement: 6 July 1981, SI 1981/457 art.2 329 Part 3.3 – Non-custodial penalties second or subsequent conviction, subsection (2) above shall apply irrespective of whether the conviction is a first, second or subsequent one. s.32(4) - subsection (2) above shall not affect so much of any enactment as (in whatever words) makes a person liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding a specified amount for each day on which a continuing offence is continued after conviction or the occurrence of any other specified event. s.32(5) - subsection (2) above shall not apply on summary conviction of any of the following offences:— (a) offences under section 5(2) of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (having possession of a controlled drug) where the controlled drug in relation to which the offence was committed was a Class B or Class C drug; (b) offences under the following provisions of that Act, where the controlled drug in relation to which the offence was committed was a Class C drug, namely— (i) section 4(2) (production, or being concerned in the production, of a controlled drug); (ii) section 4(3) (supplying or offering a controlled drug or being concerned in the doing of either activity by another); (iii) section 5(3) (having possession of a controlled drug with intent to supply it to another); (iv) section 8 (being the occupier, or concerned in the management, of premises and permitting or suffering certain activities to take place there); (v) section 12(6) (contravention of direction prohibiting practitioner etc. from possessing, supplying etc. controlled drugs); or (vi) section 13(3) (contravention of direction prohibiting practitioner etc. from prescribing, supplying etc. controlled drugs). s.32(6) - where, as regards any offence triable either way, there is under any enactment (however framed or worded) a power by subordinate instrument to restrict the amount of the fine which on summary conviction can be imposed in respect of that offence— (a) subsection (2) above shall not affect that power or override any restriction imposed in the exercise of that power; and (b) the amount to which that fine may be restricted in the exercise of that power shall be any amount less than the maximum fine which could be imposed on summary conviction in respect of the offence apart from any restriction so imposed. s.32(8) - in subsection (5) above “controlled drug”, “Class B drug” and “Class C drug” have the same meaning as in the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971. s.32(9) - in this section— “fine” includes a pecuniary penalty but does not include a pecuniary forfeiture or pecuniary compensation; “the prescribed sum” means £5,000 or such sum as is for the time being substituted in this definition by an order in force under section 143(1) below; “relevant enactment” means an enactment contained in the Criminal Law Act 1977 or in any Act passed before, or in the same Session as, that Act. s.32(10) - section 85 of the Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012 (removal of limit on certain fines on conviction by magistrates’ court) makes provision that affects the application of this section. 330 Law Commission: Sentencing law in England and Wales – Legislation currently in force LASPOA 2012 s.85591: Removal of limit on certain fines on conviction by magistrates’ court s.85(1) - where, on the commencement day, a relevant offence would, apart from this subsection, be punishable on summary conviction by a fine or maximum fine of £5,000 or more (however expressed), the offence is punishable on summary conviction on or after that day by a fine of any amount s.85(2) where, on the commencement day, a relevant power could, apart from this subsection, be exercised to create an offence punishable on summary conviction by a fine or maximum fine of £5,000 or more (however expressed), the power may be exercised on or after that day to create an offence punishable on summary conviction by a fine of any amount. s.85(3) - for the purposes of this section: (a) an offence is relevant if, immediately before the commencement day, it is a common law offence or it is contained in an Act or an instrument made under an Act (whether or not the offence is in force at that time), and (b) a power is relevant if, immediately before the commencement day, it is contained in an Act or an instrument made under an Act (whether or not the power is in force at that time). s.85(4) - nothing in subsection (1) affects: (a) fines for offences committed before the commencement day, (b) the operation of restrictions on fines that may be imposed on a person aged under 18, or (c) fines that may be imposed on a person convicted by a magistrates’ court who is to be sentenced as if convicted on indictment, and provision made in exercise of a relevant power in reliance on subsection (2) does not affect such fines or the operation of such restrictions. Note: Section 85(1) does not apply to the offences listed in Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012 (Fines on Summary Conviction) Regulations 2015 (SI 2015/664) Sch.1. Schedule 2 amends certain provisions those offences to be punishable on summary conviction by a fine or maximum fine of an amount specified or described. Schedule 3 amends provisions in which the level of fine is expressed as a proportion. Schedules 4 and 5 contain consequential amendments. PCC(S)A 2000 s.135592: Limit on fines imposed by magistrates’ courts in respect of young offenders s.135(1) - where a person aged under 18 is found guilty by a magistrates’ court of an offence for which, apart from this section, the court would have power to impose a fine of an amount exceeding £1,000, the amount of any fine imposed by the court shall not exceed £1,000. s.135(2) - in relation to a person aged under 14, subsection (1) above shall have effect as if for “£1,000”, in both places where it occurs, there were substituted “£250”. 591 Commencement: Section 85(3), (5)-(13) and (15)-(17) in force 28 May 2014, SI 2014/1291 art.2(a)(i). Section 85(1), (2) and (4) in force 12 March 2015, SI 2015/504 art.2.
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