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Second Quarter (Apr - Jun) 2008 Volume 21, Number 2 The Newsletter of the War Eagles Air Museum Editorial e’re trying something new in this issue of Plane Talk. In W the past, our “Featured Air- craft” have been flyable aircraft that are actually in the War Eagles Air Museum collection. We strayed a little from that norm last issue with the story of our Tu- polev Tu.2 Soviet bomber. While not fly- able, that aircraft generates a lot of visitor interest, so it seemed appropriate to cover it at length. Between the “Featured Air- craft” articles and Robert Haynes’ “His- torical Perspectives” columns, we have in the past five years covered virtually ev- ery aircraft in the Museum collection. So we have a choice. We could up- date and re-run articles on aircraft that we’ve already covered. Another option— the one we’ve chosen to try—is to broad- en the scope of Plane Talk to include art- S The Glenn L. Martin Company built some icles about other interesting aircraft, even of the world’s most advanced high-perform- though they are not in our collection. We Featured Aircraft ance aircraft. None was more innovative, or plan to keep a local connection as much his issue’s “Featured Aircraft” is pushed the state-of-the-art further, than the as possible. Some of the aircraft that we not in the War Eagles Air Muse- sleek, futuristic XB-51 bomber. may cover in the future are the Republic T um collection. In fact, none of XF-91 Thunderceptor (a distant relative them exist anywhere in the world. Only of our own F-84F Thunderstreak), Boe- two were ever built, and both crashed ing’s B-17 Flying Fortress and Consoli- more than 50 years ago. But there is a lo- Contents dated’s B-24 Liberator World War II cal connection. One of them met its end Editorial......................................1 bombers (in which many of our volun- in El Paso in 1956. More importantly, the Featured Aircraft........................1 teers flew), and Convair’s huge post-War aircraft is of exceptional historical signif- From the Director.......................2 B-36 Peacemaker intercontinental bomb- icance in that it incorporated more inno- NASA Astronauts Visit ..............5 er, one of which crashed in El Paso’s vative design features than any other air- Franklin Mountains in 1953. plane ever built before or since. And yet Membership Application ............7 We hope to make Plane Talk more few people know anything about it… Corporate Youth Sponsors ........7 of an overall aviation education resource. P-38 Mystery Photos .................8 We hope you think, “Wow, I didn’t know that!” at least once each issue. Enjoy! Featured Aircraft (Continued on Page 2) 1 www.war-eagles-air-museum.com Plane Talk—The Newsletter of the War Eagles Air Museum Second Quarter 2008 Featured Aircraft (Continued from page 1) B-10 “Martin Bombers” (a term that From the Director became generic at the time, as “kleenex” Glenn L. Martin (January 17, 1886– is today) forged America’s airpower doc- t this time of year, many people December 5, 1955) was one of America’s trine in the 1920’s and ’30’s. Martin air- think about their income taxes. earliest aviation pioneers. In 1909, at the craft such as the B-26 Marauder, and the A Most taxpayers take all of the age of 24, he taught himself to fly—he big Navy seaplanes in which the com- legitimate deductions they can find, so was only the third person in the nation to pany specialized, served with distinction it’s not too early for you to start thinking learn how to do so—in a flimsy, silk-and- in World War II. Despite a post-War for- about your deductions for next year. We bamboo airplane of his own design that ay into commercial aviation with the ex- hope you will consider joining War Ea- he built in a rented church in Santa Ana, cellent but expensive 2-0-2 and 4-0-4 air- gles Air Museum as a member, or mak- California, helped by mechanics from the liners, the company depended for its live- ing a generous contribution. We are an Ford and Maxwell auto dealerships that lihood on military orders, which constitu- IRS-approved 501(c)(3) charitable organ- he then managed. He quickly became fa- ted the vast majority of the 11,000-plus ization, which means that all of your do- mous in southern California as an intrep- aircraft it produced until it stopped build- nations and contributions to us are deduc- id aviator, and incorporated the Glenn L. ing aircraft entirely in 1960. tible to the extent provided by law. Martin Company there in 1912. He even The story of Martin’s XB-51 (unoffi- Contributing to War Eagles Air Mu- starred in the 1915 silent movie A Girl of cially named the Panther) begins with a seum is a win-win situation. As a donor, Yesterday with “America’s sweetheart,” November 1944 U.S. Army Air Forces you get a tangible tax deduction, and also Mary Pickford. For over 40 years, Glenn (USAAF) requirement for a new aircraft the intangible benefit of knowing that L. himself actively controlled his name- to replace the Douglas A-26 Invader in you are helping to preserve, maintain and sake company. Many famed aircraft de- the ground-attack role. Martin won the fly historically important aircraft for the signers who later formed their own com- competition on April 1, 1946, with its enjoyment and education of current and panies got their start working for Martin, XA-45, a big, armed-to-the-teeth aircraft future generations. As the beneficiary of including Lawrence Bell, William Boe- with a straight wing, a crew of six and an your generosity, we get funds to pay for ing, Donald Douglas, James McDonnell unusual powerplant arrangement of two aircraft and automobile restorations, sup- and Chance Vought. In 1917, Martin re- General Electric TG-110 turboprops and plies, parts and 100-octane low-lead avia- located his company to Cleveland, Ohio, two GE I-40 turbojet engines. Martin tion fuel, which currently costs nearly and then in 1929 he moved it to its final used a similar engine arrangement on its $5.00 a gallon. Our only public funding location on the banks of the Middle River XP4M Mercator U.S. Navy patrol plane, sources are admission fees, memberships near Baltimore, Maryland. which was then under development. and contributions—which come nowhere However, just a few weeks after announ- near meeting our expenses. Our admis- cing that Martin had won, the USAAF sion fees of $4.00 and $5.00 are excep- changed its mind, dropped the whole “at- tionally reasonable, and are far less than tack” category of aircraft and gave Mar- those of most other similar museums. We tin a set of new requirements that empha- increased them only once in our 19-year sized speed over payload and range. That history, and have no plans to raise them changed everything. Martin engineers lit- again, despite the current inflation. So erally went “back to the drawing board.” your contributions really help. Thanks for By February 1946, they came up with a thinking of War Eagles Air Museum. smaller, lighter, faster and much more advanced design—the Model 234. The Skip Trammell USAAF accepted the design on May 23, 1946, and awarded Martin a $9.5-million fixed-price letter contract for two proto- Plane Talk types and the usual assortment of spares, Published four times per year by: tools, drawings, wind-tunnel models, etc. The XB-51 was born. War Eagles Air Museum And what an aircraft it was! Slim 8012 Airport Road and elegant, Martin’s sleek new bomber Santa Teresa, New Mexico 88008 was a technological showcase of innova- (575) 589-2000 tive features from nose to tail. Nearly all Author/Editor: Terry Sunday pushed the state-of-the-art for the time, Chief Nitpicker: Frank Harrison and many of them still appear on today’s Final Proofreader: Kathy Sunday S Pilot, “movie star” and aviation pioneer Glenn L. Martin was one of America’s most [email protected] Featured Aircraft (Continued on page 3) influential aeronautical industry leaders. www.war-eagles-air-museum.com 2 Second Quarter 2008 Plane Talk—The Newsletter of the War Eagles Air Museum Featured Aircraft (Continued from page 2) The XB-51’s inno- vations did not end most modern aircraft. For instance, con- there. Its pilot sat under sider the engine arrangement. The XB-51 a narrow fighter-style used three GE J47 turbojets. Two were in “teardrop” canopy, and nacelles under the front part of the fuse- the navigator had a posi- lage—unorthodox, but not groundbreak- tion behind and below ing. Germany’s 1944 Junkers Ju.287 had the pilot, a departure similarly located Jumo 004 turbojets. But from the contemporary the XB-51’s third J47 was very unusual. practice of side-by-side It was mounted in the tail and it got its air crew seating in bomb- through a curved tube from an inlet on ers. It was also the first the top of the fuselage in front of the ver- aircraft to use Martin’s tical fin—the world’s first “S-duct,” as patented “rotating bomb also used in Boeing’s ubiquitous 727 and bay.” The conventional Lockheed’s L1011 Tristar. Another pio- hinged bomb bay doors neering XB-51 feature was the “T-tail.” as normally used caused The horizontal stabilizer was on the very a lot of buffeting when top of the vertical fin rather than on the they were opened.