cancercontroljournal.org Vol. 24, No. 1, January 2017 H. LEE MOFFITT CANCER CENTER & RESEARCH INSTITUTE, AN NCI COMPREHENSIVE CANCER CENTER Cerebrospinal Fluid and Hydrocephalus: Physiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment Andreas K. Filis, MD, Kamran Aghayev, MD, and Frank D. Vrionis, MD, PhD Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Radiological Findings of Neoplastic Meningitis Georgios Rigakos, MD, Chrysoula I. Liakou, MD, Naillid Felipe, et al Neoplastic Meningitis Due to Lung, Breast, and Melanoma Metastases Emilie Le Rhun, MD, Sophie Taillibert, MD, and Marc C. Chamberlain, MD Diagnosis and Management of Leukemic and Lymphomatous Meningitis Hemant Murthy, MD, Claudio Anasetti, MD, and Ernesto Ayala, MD Experimental Treatments for Leptomeningeal Metastases From Solid Malignancies Solmaz Sahebjam, MD, Peter A. Forsyth, MD, Keiran S. Smalley, PhD, et al Surgical Treatment for Leptomeningeal Disease Andrey A. Volkov, DO, Andreas K. Filis, MD, and Frank D. Vrionis, MD, PhD Cancer Control is included in Index Medicus/MEDLINE Editorial Board Members Editor: Conor C. Lynch, PhD Production Team: Assistant Member Lodovico Balducci, MD Veronica Nemeth Tumor Biology Senior Member Editorial Coordinator Program Leader, Senior Adult Oncology Program Kristen J. Otto, MD Sherri Damlo Moffitt Cancer Center Associate Member Managing Medical Editor Head and Neck and Endocrine Oncology Diane McEnaney Deputy Editor: Graphic Design Consultant Julio M. Pow-Sang, MD Michael A. Poch, MD Senior Member Assistant Member Associate Editor of Chair, Department of Genitourinary Oncology Genitourinary Oncology Educational Projects Director of Moffitt Robotics Program Jeffery S. Russell, MD, PhD John M. York, PharmD Moffitt Cancer Center Assistant Member Akita Biomedical Consulting Endocrine Tumor Oncology 1111 Bailey Drive Editor Emeritus: Elizabeth M. Sagatys, MD Paso Robles, CA 93446 John Horton, MB, ChB Assistant Member Phone: 805-238-2485 Professor Emeritus of Medicine & Oncology Pathology - Clinical Fax: 949-203-6115 Saïd M. Sebti, PhD E-mail: [email protected] Moffitt Cancer Center Senior Member Journal Advisory Committee: Drug Discovery For Consumer and Daniel A. Anaya, MD Bijal D. Shah, MD General Advertising Associate Member Assistant Member Information: Gastrointestinal Oncology Malignant Hematology Veronica Nemeth Aliyah Baluch, MD Lubomir Sokol, MD, PhD Editorial Coordinator Assistant Member Senior Member Cancer Control: Journal of the Moffitt Cancer Center Infectious Diseases Hematology/Oncology Dung-Tsa Chen, PhD 12902 Magnolia Drive – MBC-JRNL Hatem H. Soliman, MD Associate Member Tampa, FL 33612 Assistant Member Biostatistics Phone: 813-745-1348 Breast Oncology Fax: 813-449-8680 Hey Sook Chon, MD E-mail: [email protected] Assistant Member Jonathan R. Strosberg, MD Gynecological Oncology Assistant Member Gastrointestinal Oncology Jasreman Dhillon, MD Assistant Member Jennifer Swank, PharmD Pathology - Anatomic Clinical Pharmacist - Medical Oncology/Internal Medicine Jennifer S. Drukteinis, MD Associate Member Sarah W. Thirlwell, MSc, MSc(A), RN Diagnostic Radiology Nurse Director Clement K. Gwede, PhD, RN Supportive Care Medicine Program Associate Member Eric M. Toloza, MD, PhD Health Outcomes and Behavior Assistant Member Sarah E. Hoffe, MD Thoracic Oncology Associate Member Nam D. Tran, MD Radiation Oncology Assistant Member John V. Kiluk, MD Neuro-Oncology Associate Member Jonathan S. Zager, MD Breast Oncology Senior Member Cancer Control is a member of Richard D. Kim, MD Cutaneous Oncology the Medscape Publishers’ Circle®, Associate Member an alliance of leading medical Gastrointestinal Oncology publishers whose content is Bela Kis, MD, PhD featured on Medscape Assistant Member (www.medscape.com). Diagnostic Radiology Rami Komrokji, MD Most issues and supplements of Associate Member Cancer Control are available at Malignant Hematology cancercontroljournal.org CANCER CONTROL: JOURNAL OF THE MOFFITT CANCER CENTER (ISSN 1073-2748) is published by H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612. Telephone: 813-745-1348. Fax: 813-449-8680. E-mail: [email protected]. Internet address: cancercontroljournal.org. Cancer Control is included in Index Medicus ®/MEDLINE® and EMBASE®/ Excerpta Medica, Thomson Reuters Science Citation Index Expanded (SciSearch®) and Journal Citation Reports/Science Edition. Copyright 2017 by H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute. All rights reserved. Cancer Control: Journal of the Moffitt Cancer Center is a peer-reviewed journal that is published to enhance the knowledge needed by professionals in oncology to help them minimize the impact of human malignancy. Each issue emphasizes a specific theme relating to the detection or management of cancer. The objectives of Cancer Control are to define the current state of cancer care, to integrate recently generated information with historical practice patterns, and to enlighten readers through critical reviews, commentaries, and analyses of recent research studies. DISCLAIMER: All articles published in this journal, including editorials and letters, represent the opinions of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the editorial board, the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Inc, or the institutions with which the authors are affiliated unless clearly specified. The reader is advised to independently verify the effective- ness of all methods of treatment and the accuracy of all drug names, dosages, and schedules. Dosages and methods of administration of pharmaceutical products may not be those listed in the package insert and solely reflect the experience of the author(s) and/or clinical investigator(s). January 2017, Vol. 24, No. 1 Cancer Control 1 Table of Contents Editorial Neoplastic Meningitis: One of the Last Frontiers of Oncology 4 Frank D. Vrionis, MD, PhD Articles Cerebrospinal Fluid and Hydrocephalus: Physiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment 6 Andreas K. Filis, MD, Kamran Aghayev, MD, and Frank D. Vrionis, MD, PhD Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Radiological Findings of 9 Neoplastic Meningitis Georgios Rigakos, MD, Chrysoula I. Liakou, MD, Naillid Felipe, Dennis Orkoulas-Razis, MHS, and Evangelia Razis, MD, PhD Neoplastic Meningitis Due to Lung, Breast, and Melanoma Metastases 22 Emilie Le Rhun, MD, Sophie Taillibert, MD, and Marc C. Chamberlain, MD Diagnosis and Management of Leukemic and Lymphomatous Meningitis 33 Hemant Murthy, MD, Claudio Anasetti, MD, and Ernesto Ayala, MD Experimental Treatments for Leptomeningeal Metastases From 42 Solid Malignancies Solmaz Sahebjam, MD, Peter A. Forsyth, MD, Keiran S. Smalley, PhD, and Nam D. Tran, MD, PhD Surgical Treatment for Leptomeningeal Disease 47 Andrey A. Volkov, DO, Andreas K. Filis, MD, and Frank D. Vrionis, MD, PhD Departments Case Report: Thrombotic Microangiopathy in a Patient Treated With Gemcitabine 54 Sowmya Nanjappa, MBBS, MD, Vivek Singh, MBBS, Shyam Uttamchandani, MD, and Smitha Pabbathi, MD 2 Cancer Control January 2017, Vol. 24, No. 1 Table of Contents Departments, continued Case Report: Liver-Directed Embolization for the Long-Term Control of Hypercalcemia of 57 Malignancy in Metastatic Breast Cancer Sowmya Nanjappa, MBBS, MD, Carlos A. Pla-Fernandez, MD, Susmitha Apuri, MD, Loretta Loftus, MD, and Bela Kis, MD, PhD Case Series: Infectious Causes of Right Middle Lobe Syndrome 60 Aatif Rashid, MD, Sowmya Nanjappa, MD, MBBS, and John N. Greene, MD Case Series: Invasive Haemophilus influenzae Infection in Patients With Cancer 66 Vivek Singh, MBBS, Sowmya Nanjappa, MBBS, MD, Smitha Pabbathi, MD, and John N. Greene, MD Disparities Report: High Levels of Medical Mistrust Are Associated With Low Quality of Life 72 Among Black and White Men With Prostate Cancer Ballington L. Kinlock, PhD, Lauren J. Parker, PhD, Janice V. Bowie, PhD, Daniel L. Howard, PhD, Thomas A. LaVeist, PhD, and Roland J. Thorpe Jr, PhD Pathology Report: Urothelial Carcinoma With Squamous Differentiation Is Associated With 78 High Tumor Stage and Pelvic Lymph-Node Metastasis Yunguang Liu, MD, PhD, Marilyn M. Bui, MD, and Bo Xu, MD, PhD Pathology Report: Endometriosis Mimicking Soft-Tissue Neoplasms: A Potential Diagnostic Pitfall 83 Yi Ding, MD, Julie Gibbs, MD, Ge Xiong, MD, Shigong Guo, MD, Shailaja Raj, MD, and Marilyn M. Bui, MD, PhD Pathology Report: ERBB4 Expression in Ovarian Serous Carcinoma Resistant to Platinum-Based Therapy 89 Ozlen Saglam, MD, Yin Xiong, PhD, Douglas C. Marchion, PhD, Carolina Strosberg, MD, Robert M. Wenham, MD, Joseph J. Johnson, MS, Daryoush Saeed-Vafa, MD, Christopher Cubitt, PhD, Ardeshir Hakam, MD, and Anthony M. Magliocco, MD Special Report: Chemosaturation With Percutaneous Hepatic Perfusion in Unresectable 96 Hepatic Metastases Evan S. Glazer, MD, PhD, and Jonathan S. Zager, MD Special Report: Differential Gene Expression in Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast Based on 102 ERBB2 Status Emmanuel Agosto-Arroyo, MD, Tatyana Isayeva, PhD, Shi Wei, MD, Jonas S. Almeida, PhD, and Shuko Harada, MD About the art in this issue: Phoenix artist and published author, Julie Gilbert Pollard paints in oil, watercolor, and acrylic in a fluid, painterly manner. Her painting style, while rep- resentational, is colored with her own personal concept of reality. “The eye may see as a camera ‘sees,’ but the mind’s eye sees an altered, imagined image, what it wants and hopes to see. It’s that illusive image, uniquely mine, along with a heightened sense of ‘realness’ that I try to express in my paintings. This