Novell Cluster Services,. for . and NetWare.

ROB BASTIAANSEN SANDER VAN VUGT

Novell PRESS. Novell.

Published by Pearson Education, Inc. 800 East 96th Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46240 USA Table of Contents

Introduction 1

CHAPTER 1: Introduction to Clustering and High Availability 5 Novell Cluster Services Defined 5 Shared Disk Access 6 Secondary IP Addresses 7 Clustering Terminology 8 High-Availability Solutions Overview 12 Novell Cluster Services 12 Business Continuity Clustering 13 PolyServe Matrix Server 15 Heartbeat Subsystem for High-Availability Linux 16 When Not to Cluster Applications 16 Availability Defined 18 High Availability Defined 18 Calculating Average Downtime 21 Avoiding Downtime 22 Hardware 22 Environment 23 Software 23 Procedures 24 Novell Cluster Services Requirements 24 Hardware Requirements 24 Software Requirements 26

CHAPTER 2: Examining Novell Cluster Services Architecture 27 Novell Cluster Services Objects and Modules 27 Cluster eDirectory Objects 28 Cluster Modules 31

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Heartbeats, Epoch Numbers, and the Split Brain Detector 35 Removing a Failing Slave Node 36 Removing a Failed Master Node 37 Summary 37

CHAPTER 3: Clustering Design 39 Cluster Design Guidelines 39 How Many Nodes to Choose 39 Using a Heartbeat LAN or Not 40 Use NIC Teaming 41 Choosing Storage Methods 42 Mirror the Split Brain Detector Partition 48 Selecting Applications to Run in a Cluster 48 eDirectory Cluster Guidelines 50 Creating a Failover Matrix 52 Application-Specific Design Guidelines 53 Install Applications on the Shared Disk 53 Execute NCF and Script Files from the Load and Unload Scripts 54 Clustering Without Shared Storage 55 Prepare the Cluster 55

CHAPTER 4: Installation and Configuration 59 Installing NCS on OES NetWare 59 Exploring eDirectory After Cluster Installation 64 Adding a NetWare Node to a NetWare Cluster 65 Installing NCS on Linux 66 Adding a NetWare Node to a Linux Cluster 69 Manually Starting and Stopping NCS 69 Adding a License to Existing Cluster Nodes 70

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Removing Nodes from a Cluster 70 Removing an OES NetWare Node from the Cluster 70 Removing an OES Linux Node from the Cluster 72 Installing NCS in VMware 73 What VMware Is 73 VMware Usage Scenarios 73 VMware Clustering Requirements 74 VMware Clustering Configuration 74

CHAPTER 5: Creating Cluster Resources 81 Creating Clustered Volumes 81 Creating Clustered Volumes on OES Linux and NetWare 82 Choosing the Right Type for Cluster Volumes on Linux 89 Creating Cluster Resources 98 Clustering a Simple Application on OES NetWare 98 Clustering a Simple Application on OES Linux 106 Cluster Script Syntax 112 Summary 113

CHAPTER 6: Cluster Management 115 Cluster Resources Management Applications 115 Managing Cluster Resources with iManager 115 Managing Cluster Resources on OES NetWare with Remote Manager 126 Managing Novell Cluster Services from the Command Line 127 Starting and Stopping Novell Cluster Services on Linux 128 Starting and Stopping Novell Cluster Services on NetWare 129 Managing Novell Cluster Services from the Command Line 129 Logging, Event History, and Alerting 132 Summary 135 Novell Cluster Services for Linux and NetWare

CHAPTER 7: iSCSI 137 iSCSI Introduction 137 iSCSI Advantages 139 How iSCSI Works 140 iSCSI Naming Guidelines 142 Using iSCSI in an Environment 142 iSCSI as a Server OS—Independent Storage Platform 143 iSCSI as a Low-Cost Shared Storage Solution 144 iSCSI for Remote Storage 144 iSCSI for Offsite Storage Mirroring 145 iSCSI Design Guidelines 146 iSCSI Target Requirements 147 iSCSI Initiator Requirements 148 iSCSI Target Configuration on OES NetWare 148 Installing the iSCSI Target Software 148 Creating the iSCSI Target 149 NetWare iSCSI Command Overview 151 iSCSI Initiator Configuration on OES NetWare 152 Assigning Rights for Initiators in the Same Tree 153 Assigning Rights for Initiators in Different Trees 153 Starting the Initiator Connection 154 iSCSI Initiator Configuration on OES Linux 156 Installing the iSCSI Software on Linux 157 Setting Up Access Control 158 Configuring the Initiator Software 158 Connecting to the iSCSI Target 158 Building an Open Enterprise Server Cluster with Shared iSCSI Storage 159 Advanced iSCSI Topics 161 Monitoring iSCSI Sessions 161 Solving iSCSI LDAP Problems 163

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CHAPTER 8: Cluster-Enabled Applications 165 Cluster-Enable or Not? 165 Clustering GroupWise 166 General GroupWise Clustering 167 Clustering GroupWise on NetWare 169 Clustering GroupWise on Linux 178 Clustering iFolder 3 on OES Linux 190 Linux Cluster Preparations for iFolder 190 Installing iFolder 3 Software on All Nodes 193 Configuring iFolder 3 on the First Node 193 Configuring the Cluster Resource 196 Testing the Cluster Resource 197 Configuring the Other Cluster Nodes 198 Clustering the Squid Web Proxy on Linux 199 DNS Round Robin Configuration 199 Squid High-Availability Design Considerations 200 Creating the Squid Cluster Resource 201 Clustering the Server on OES Linux 202 Creating the Shared File System 203 Creating Mount Points to Mount the Shared File System on All Servers 205 Installing Samba on All Servers 206 Configuring the smb . conf File 206 Creating the Samba Clustered Resource 206 Making a Share Available from the Samba Clustered Resource. . . 208 Summary 209

CHAPTER 9: Advanced Clustering Topics, Maintenance, and Troubleshooting 211 Advanced Configuration and Maintenance 211 Creating Cluster Documentation 211 Changing the Master IP Address 212 Changing the Heartbeat IP Address 212

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Troubleshooting Your Cluster Environment 214 Troubleshooting Resources 214 Re-creating the SBD Partition 215 Cluster Services Backup 218 Cluster Backups Explained 218 Storage Management Services 219 Novell's Backup Software 222 Syncsort Backup Express 223

CHAPTER 10: Upgrading Clusters 231 Upgrade Methods Explained 232 Upgrading Existing Hardware and Software 232 Migrating to New Hardware and Software 233 Installing New Cluster Hardware and Software from Scratch 235 Technical Upgrade Methods Explained 236 Upgrading a NetWare 5.1 Cluster to NetWare 6.5 236 Upgrading a NetWare 6 Cluster to NetWare 6.5 239 Upgrading a NetWare 6.5 Cluster to Open Enterprise Server Linux 242 Migrating to a New Cluster 247

CHAPTER 11: Using SUSE Linux Enterprise Server Clustering Options 253 Heartbeat Versus Novell Cluster Services 253 Installing SUSE Linux High-Availability Components 254 Configuring the Shared Storage with a DRBD 255 Clustering the NFS Server with Heartbeat 259 Edit the Sample Configuration Files 260 Use Authentication Keys to Ensure Secure Communications 260 Tune the Main Configuration File ha. cf on Both Nodes 261 Create Shared Resources by Editing the ha resou rces File 262 Start the Heartbeat Software on Both Nodes 264 Configure NFS for Use in the Heartbeat Cluster 265

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Managing the 266 Avoiding Split Brain 267 Summary 268

CHAPTER 12: Introduction to Business Continuity Clustering 269 Business Continuity Clustering Overview 269 High Availability Between Clusters 270 Using BCC to Create a Cluster of Clusters 271 BCC Usage Scenarios 272 Building Your Own BCC Test Environment 272 Setup and Installation of NetWare and NCS 273 Install Identity Manager 2,0 275 Business Continuity Cluster Services Installation 277 Configure the Identity Manager eDirectory Drivers 279 Start the Identity Manager Drivers, NCS, and BCC 283 Configuring BCC 284 Summary 290

INDEX 291

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