DOCSLIB.ORG

Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles in South Africa the Development of a Hydrogen Society and the Case for Local Electric Vehicle Production

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles in South Africa the Development of a Hydrogen Society and the Case for Local Electric Vehicle Production Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles in South Africa The development of a Hydrogen Society and the case for local electric vehicle production [email protected] Guy Bowden +27 31 7675202 www.twimsafrica.com June 2021 © 2021 Toyota Wessels Institute for Manufacturing Studies 74 Everton Road 3610 South Africa Established by the Toyota Wessels Trust, TWIMS is a not-for-profit initiative dedicated to the development of manufacturing executives in Africa. Our Vision An industrialised Africa built on world class management capabilities. Our Mission A prosperous Africa empowered by sustainable industrialisation. Our Objective Develop world-class management capabilities to drive African industrialisation. Disclaimer Whilst every care has been taken to ensure the accuracy and integrity of the information and analysis presented in this report, TWIMS, its staff members, and associates, take no responsibility whatsoever for decisions derived from its content. About the Author Guy Bowden is a Research Assistant at TWIMS. He is currently completing his master’s in Development Economics via the School of Economics at the University of Cape Town. His research interests are focussed on the intersection of industrialisation, trade, green energy, and future technology. Contents Contents .................................................................................................................................................. 1 Abbreviations .......................................................................................................................................... 2 Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................. 3 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 4 1 - Progress of South Africa’s Hydrogen Society and Platinum Valley .................................................... 6 Government’s Hydrogen Strategy ...................................................................................................... 6 Hydrogen Production in South Africa ................................................................................................. 7 Platinum Valley Project ....................................................................................................................... 8 2 - BEVs versus FCEVs ............................................................................................................................ 10 Infrastructure .................................................................................................................................... 10 Total cost of ownership .................................................................................................................... 10 Performance ..................................................................................................................................... 12 FCEVs and BEVs as complimentary technologies ............................................................................. 14 3 - FCEV strategies of major automotive manufacturers ..................................................................... 15 4 - Potential Viability of FCEV demand and production in SA .............................................................. 18 Ownership and Operating Costs ....................................................................................................... 18 Domestic Demand ............................................................................................................................. 20 Local Production of FCEVs and BEVs ................................................................................................. 21 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................. 24 References ............................................................................................................................................ 26 1 Abbreviations BEV – Battery Electric Vehicle EV – Electric Vehicle FCEV – Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle FCT – Fuel Cell Technology HFCT – Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology ICE – Internal Combustion Engine LNG – Liquid Natural Gas OEM – Original Equipment Manufacturer PGM – Platinum Group Metals 2 Executive Summary This report was compiled to (1) discuss the progress of South Africa’s proposed Hydrogen Society and Platinum Valley Project, (2) elaborate on the ongoing debate between Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV) and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEV), and (3) to explore the potential viability for Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV) production and demand in South Africa. Key findings of this report are that South Africa’s Hydrogen Economy is still in its infancy. While FCEVs are proposed as a source of demand for platinum group metals (PGM) beneficiation, national government policy and industry research seems primarily focussed on developing cost-effective Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology (HFCT) for export as well as building capabilities for the domestic manufacture of Fuel Cell Technology (FCT). South Africa has been widely regarded as a major potential generator of renewable electricity through solar and wind energy, this would create a significant advantage to locally produce green hydrogen. While clear opportunities for the export of South African green hydrogen and HFCT have been identified, it appears that the local economy will be slower in its uptake of green hydrogen and HFCT for domestic use. Globally, it seems that BEVs are the preferred replacement for Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) passenger vehicles primarily operating in urban areas, while FCEVs are shown to be more effective in heavy and long-range modes of transport. In particular, FCEVs have competitiveness potential in the large passenger vehicle segment as well as light commercial, medium commercial, heavy commercial and extra-heavy commercial vehicle markets. 3 Introduction Hydrogen has been identified as a compelling form of energy transportation and storage that could unlock greater potential for other forms of renewable electricity generation. Hydrogen provides a crucial solution to intermittent supply and demand peaks associated with wind, solar and hydro electricity generation. To this effect, hydrogen offers a viable means of storing energy over long periods of time – a capability that battery technology does not yet have (Simolka, Kubler, & Voller, 2020). Hydrogen will play a significant role in the future of global electricity generation and energy storage as the world increasingly moves away from fossil fuels. Provided that hydrogen is produced with renewable energy, or if carbon capture storage is used alongside fossil fuels, hydrogen offers an environmentally friendly source of electricity. This is because, the by-products of using pure hydrogen are simply heat and water. Table 1 shows several advantages for HFCT, making FCEVs a viable alternative to ICE vehicles. Table 1: Advantages of hydrogen fuel cell technology Advantages of FCEV Explanation Safety Hydrogen is as safe as petrol and diesel. Reliability Less moving parts than an ICE. Energy density Hydrogen is more energy dense than lithium and LNG. Range Comparable range to existing ICE vehicles. Refuelling time Comparable to ICE (5 minutes). Weight H2 is significantly lighter than a battery pack and gasoline. Lowest carbon footprint (Green H2) Mining of lithium gives off pollution. Price In the long-term price of green H2 will be cheaper than LNG. Source: BloombergNEF (2020); Hydrogen Council (2020); Roos and Wright (2021) Hydrogen offers a viable alternative to current national and global energy complexes without completely having to overhaul some existing infrastructure and systems. Since hydrogen can be stored as a liquid or gas it can be transported and stored in similar methods to existing non-renewable liquid and gas fuels. For example, existing pipelines, storage containers, and ships can be adapted to transport hydrogen. However, maximising the cost effectiveness of hydrogen transport and efficient hydrogen storage remain key challenges that will require enormous investment. Over three times more hydrogen storage capacity will be needed than what is presently available, if hydrogen is to replace natural gas as expected (BloombergNEF, 2020). 4 South Africa is not the only region to have recognised the potential for a hydrogen- based economy. Australia, Chile, Germany, the European Union, Japan, New Zealand, Portugal, Spain, and South Korea already have strong national/regional strategies for the introduction of hydrogen as an integral means for electricity generation and energy storage. The EU and Japan have made it clear that green hydrogen will be an important component of their energy complexes. Due to their limited renewable energy potential, specifically limited solar resources, they will be large importers of green hydrogen creating new economic opportunities for countries that can capitalise on their renewable resource endowments. Therefore, the opportunities for South Africa surrounding hydrogen are twofold. Firstly, the country has the potential to export hydrogen to markets that are transitioning to green economies. This would create valuable export earnings for the country and stimulate wider investment, economic growth, and job creation. Secondly, South Africa has an opportunity to transform its own energy infrastructure
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Calstart Midwest Activities
    2020 Webinar Series Steven Sokolsky Program Manager 1 AGENDA • CALSTART commercial vehicle activity update • Panel Discussion: identifying common issues for vehicle electrification between the military and commercial industry – Dr. Larry Toomey, U.S. Army GVSC – Larry Larimer, U.S. Army Futures and Concepts Center – Jason Gies, Navistar, Inc. – Sean Gouda, DTE Energy • HTUF Microgrid Working Group update • Upcoming webinars 2 Global Drive to Zero: Tools to Drive Market Success POLICY AND ZE TECH INFRA TCO ACTION INVENTORY PLANNING CALCULATOR TOOLKIT (ZETI) GUIDANCE Live Live Coming soon Live Resources for Transformation: https://globaldrivetozero.org/tools/ 3 CLEAN TRUCK GOALS EXPANDING TO 15 STATES NATIONAL Z.E. TRUCK COALITION Coalition members include: ABB * ADOMANI * Arrival * Bollinger Motors * BYD * CALSTART * Chanje * ChargePoint * Cummins * Daimler * Eaton * Environmental Defense Fund * eNow * Lion Electric * Mack Trucks * Morgan Olson * Motiv Power Systems * Navistar * Nikola Corporation * Odyne Systems * PACCAR * Proterra * Revolv * Rivian * SDG&E * South Coast AQMD * Tesla * TransPower * Viatec * Volvo Trucks 5 PANEL DISCUSSION Dr. Laurence Toomey Mr. Larry Larimer Mr. Jason Gies Mr. Sean Gouda Branch Chief, Energy Storage Director, Futures Director of Business Manager, Electrification Team Integration Directorate, Development, NEXT E- Business Development U.S. Army Ground Vehicle Futures and Concepts Mobility Solutions DTE Energy Systems Center Center Navistar, Inc. U.S. Army Futures Command 6 U.S. ARMY COMBAT CAPABILITIES DEVELOPMENT COMMAND – GROUND VEHICLE SYSTEMS CENTER Combat Vehicle Energy Storage DISTRIBUTION A. Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. Laurence M. Toomey, Ph.D OPSEC #: 3634 Energy Storage Branch Chief CCDC GVSC DISTRIBUTION A. See first page. 1 COMMERCIAL VS. MILITARY REQUIREMENTS Unclassified DISTRIBUTION A.
    [Show full text]
  • [ NEWS-EVENTS ] : Arizona Rider
    BUSINESS : NIKOLA CORPORATION RAISES CAPITAL, LISTS ON NASDAQ ikola Corporation, headquartered in Phoenix, has announced the comple- Ntion of a business combination with VectoIQ Acqui sition Corp. (VTIQ), a publicly-traded special purpose acquisition company, further solidifying Nikola as a global leader in zero-emissions transportation and infrastructure solutions. On June 4, the combined company’s shares began trading on the Nasdaq Glo - bal Select Market under the new ticker symbol “NKLA.” Nikola raised more than $700 million of capital through this business combination and PIPE, which includes Fidelity Management & Research Company, ValueAct Spring Fund and P Schoen feld Asset Management LP, expected to accelerate Nikola’s produc- tion of battery-electric (BEV) and hydrogen fuel-cell electric vehicles (FCEV). Nikola’s pre-orders represent more than $10 billion in potential revenue, and their hydrogen network is anticipated to cover North America, becoming the largest in the world. Nikola added Stephen Girsky, current CEO of VectoIQ and former Vice Chairman of General Motors, to its Board of Directors. ■ PERFORMANCE DRIVING : BONDURANT REOPENS FOR SUMMER WITH EXPANSION ondurant High Performance Driving School in Chandler, where guests get Bbehind the wheel of the fastest street-legal cars in the world for profes- sional instruction and track time, reopened in mid-June, showcasing phase one of an extensive expansion expected to be complete by early July, includ- ing an Advanced Formula Road Racing course featuring the school’s newest fleet—Ligier JS F4 open wheel racecars. Other courses include High Per for - mance Driving and Teen Defensive Driving, Grand Prix, and Advanced Road Racing.
    [Show full text]
  • ELECTRIC VEHICLES MARKET IS POWERING up an Industry Snapshot
    Investment and Company Research Opportunity Research INDUSTRY SNAPSHOT July 2, 2020 ELECTRIC VEHICLES MARKET IS POWERING UP An Industry Snapshot Featured Companies: Tesla (NASDAQ - TSLA); Nikola (NASDAQ – NKLA); Workhorse Group (NASDAQ – WKHS); Alternet Systems (OTC – ALYI) www.goldmanresearch.com Copyright © Goldman Small Cap Research, 2020 Page 1 of 8 Investment and Company Research Opportunity Research INDUSTRY SNAPSHOT OUR THESIS: As of this writing, shares of Tesla (NASDAQ – TSLA), the undisputed bellwether stock for the electric vehicle market trades at $1121 per share. At current prices, the market cap is over $207 billion, representing over 5 estimated 2021 sales and a whopping 98x next year’s EPS. In many investors’ minds, where Tesla goes, so goes the industry segment, especially as it relates to the capital markets. While TSLA is the industry’s most important company, it is the exact mid-point of 2020, not 2016, and therefore is not the only pubco in the space. In fact, some under the radar firms with exposure to the space offer major upside that may rival TSLA, with varying risk profiles and share prices. Instead of making the case for the industry and its constituents in the lithium, fuel cell, and other segments, we have elected to focus on the vehicle producers, where we believe the greatest attention and upside exist. THE EV MARKET: A BRIEF HISTORY We began writing about the EV market in 2015/2016 and while going over our old reports and blogs, we came across some striking information. In 2016, Bloomberg New Energy Finance (now billed as Bloomberg NEF) projected that by 2040, EV passenger sales will reach 41 million units.
    [Show full text]
  • Nikola Corporation Reports First Quarter 2021 Results
    PRESS RELEASE MAY 07, 2021 Nikola Corporation Reports First Quarter 2021 Results PHOENIX, AZ – May 7, 2021 -- Nikola Corporation (Nasdaq: NKLA), a global leader in zero-emissions transportation solutions, today reported financial results for the quarter ended March 31, 2021. "During the first quarter Nikola continued to deliver on our previously communicated milestones and execute on our business plan,” said Mark Russell, Nikola's Chief Executive Officer. “We have had continued success in commissioning and validating the Nikola Tre BEVs, and are nearing completion of both our Ulm, Germany and Coolidge, Arizona manufacturing facilities.” Progress on the Commissioning and Validation of the First Batch of Nikola Tre BEVs Commissioning and validation activities continue on the Nikola Tre battery-electric vehicle (BEV). As expected in a new program development cycle, we have had to overcome some component level delays which we have worked through with our suppliers to minimize the impact on the scheduled timeline. Q1 activities included commissioning the first batch of five Tre BEVs and validation testing at the proving grounds. As of today, powertrain performance and durability testing have started at the proving grounds. We are nearing completion of the second batch of nine beta Nikola Tre BEVs in Ulm, Germany. As of today, we have completed eight of the nine trucks, with the ninth scheduled to be completed by May 10. Three trucks from the second batch of nine are at Nikola’s headquarters (HQ) in Arizona, one is in Indiana for crash testing, and four are in transit to the HQ in Arizona. We anticipate that the four trucks in transit, in addition to the ninth truck being completed, will arrive at our HQ by the end of May.
    [Show full text]
  • Corporate Governance
    SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION FORM DEF 14A Definitive proxy statements Filing Date: 2021-05-19 | Period of Report: 2021-06-30 SEC Accession No. 0001193125-21-165953 (HTML Version on secdatabase.com) FILER Nikola Corp Mailing Address Business Address 4141 E BROADWAY ROAD 4141 E BROADWAY ROAD CIK:1731289| IRS No.: 824151153 | State of Incorp.:DE | Fiscal Year End: 1231 PHOENIX AZ 85040 PHOENIX AZ 85040 Type: DEF 14A | Act: 34 | File No.: 001-38495 | Film No.: 21938362 (480) 666-1038 SIC: 3711 Motor vehicles & passenger car bodies Copyright © 2021 www.secdatabase.com. All Rights Reserved. Please Consider the Environment Before Printing This Document Table of Contents UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 SCHEDULE 14A Proxy Statement Pursuant to Section 14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Amendment No. ) Filed by the Registrant ☒ Filed by a Party other than the Registrant ☐ Check the appropriate box: ☐ Preliminary Proxy Statement ☐ Confidential, for Use of the Commission Only (as permitted by Rule 14a-6(e)(2)) ☒ Definitive Proxy Statement ☐ Definitive Additional Materials ☐ Soliciting Material under §240.14a-12 Nikola Corporation (Name of Registrant as Specified In Its Charter) (Name of Person(s) Filing Proxy Statement, if other than the Registrant) Payment of Filing Fee (Check the appropriate box): ☒ No fee required. ☐ Fee computed on table below per Exchange Act Rules 14a-6(i)(1) and 0-11. (1) Title of each class of securities to which transaction applies: (2) Aggregate number of securities to which transaction applies: (3) Per unit price or other underlying value of transaction computed pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 0-11 (set forth the amount on which the filing fee is calculated and state how it was determined): (4) Proposed maximum aggregate value of transaction: (5) Total fee paid: ☐ Fee paid previously with preliminary materials.
    [Show full text]
  • Complaint Against Trevor R. Milton
    Case 1:21-cv-06445 Document 1 Filed 07/29/21 Page 1 of 65 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK ---------------------------------------------------------------x : UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND : EXCHANGE COMMISSION, : : Plaintiff, : : Civil Action No. 1:21-cv-6445 v. : : JURY TRIAL DEMANDED TREVOR R. MILTON, : : Defendant. : : ---------------------------------------------------------------x COMPLAINT Plaintiff United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”), for its Complaint against Defendant Trevor R. Milton (“Milton”), alleges as follows: SUMMARY 1. Trevor R. Milton, the founder, largest stockholder, and former Chief Executive Officer and Executive Chairman of Nikola Corporation (“Nikola”), a publicly traded company, engaged in a fraudulent scheme to deceive retail investors about Nikola’s products, technical advancements, and commercial prospects for his own personal benefit in violation of the federal securities laws. Milton did so primarily by leveraging his social media presence and frequent appearances on television and podcasts to flood the market with false and misleading information about Nikola. 2. Milton founded Nikola in 2015 with the primary goals of manufacturing semi- trucks that run on alternative fuels with low or zero emissions and building an alternative fuel station infrastructure to support those vehicles. To accomplish these goals, Nikola needed to Case 1:21-cv-06445 Document 1 Filed 07/29/21 Page 2 of 65 raise billions of dollars to develop vehicles and infrastructure that had never before been developed or adopted on a commercial scale. Over the course of several private offerings, and then in connection with a business combination with a special purpose acquisition company (“SPAC”), Nikola raised more than $1 billion dollars, most of it from institutional investors.
    [Show full text]
  • Salem V. Nikola Corporation Et
    Case 2:20-cv-04354-GRB-SIL Document 1 Filed 09/16/20 Page 1 of 29 PageID #: 1 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT EASTERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK ARAB SALEM, Individually and On Case No. Behalf of All Others Similarly Situated, Plaintiff, CLASS ACTION COMPLAINT v. JURY TRIAL DEMANDED NIKOLA CORPORATION, TREVOR R. MILTON, MARK A. RUSSELL, and KIM J. BRADY, Defendants. Case 2:20-cv-04354-GRB-SIL Document 1 Filed 09/16/20 Page 2 of 29 PageID #: 2 Plaintiff Arab Salem (“Plaintiff”), individually and on behalf of all other persons similarly situated, by Plaintiff’s undersigned attorneys, for Plaintiff’s complaint against Defendants, alleges the following based upon personal knowledge as to Plaintiff and Plaintiff’s own acts, and information and belief as to all other matters, based upon, inter alia, the investigation conducted by and through Plaintiff’s attorneys, which included, among other things, a review of the Defendants’ public documents, conference calls and announcements made by Defendants, United States (“U.S.”) Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) filings, wire and press releases published by and regarding Nikola Corporation (“Nikola” or the “Company”), analysts’ reports and advisories about the Company, and information readily obtainable on the Internet. Plaintiff believes that substantial evidentiary support will exist for the allegations set forth herein after a reasonable opportunity for discovery. NATURE OF THE ACTION 1. This is a federal securities class action on behalf of a class consisting of all persons other than Defendants who purchased or otherwise acquired Nikola securities between June 4, 2020 and September 9, 2020, both dates inclusive (the “Class Period”), seeking to recover damages caused by Defendants’ violations of the federal securities laws and to pursue remedies under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder, against the Company and certain of its top officials.
    [Show full text]
  • Nikola Corp Form S-1 Filed 2021-06-21
    SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION FORM S-1 General form of registration statement for all companies including face-amount certificate companies Filing Date: 2021-06-21 SEC Accession No. 0001193125-21-195044 (HTML Version on secdatabase.com) FILER Nikola Corp Mailing Address Business Address 4141 E BROADWAY ROAD 4141 E BROADWAY ROAD CIK:1731289| IRS No.: 824151153 | State of Incorp.:DE | Fiscal Year End: 1231 PHOENIX AZ 85040 PHOENIX AZ 85040 Type: S-1 | Act: 33 | File No.: 333-257229 | Film No.: 211030571 (480) 666-1038 SIC: 3711 Motor vehicles & passenger car bodies Copyright © 2021 www.secdatabase.com. All Rights Reserved. Please Consider the Environment Before Printing This Document Table of Contents As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 21, 2021. Registration No. 333- UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM S-1 REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 Nikola Corporation (Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter) Delaware 3711 82-4151153 (State or Other Jurisdiction of (Primary Standard Industrial (I.R.S. Employer Incorporation or Organization) Classification Code No.) Identification No.) 4141 E Broadway Road Phoenix, AZ 85040 (480) 666-1038 (Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Registrant’s Principal Executive Offices) Britton M. Worthen, Esq. Chief Legal Officer Nikola Corporation 4141 E Broadway Road Phoenix, AZ 85040 (480) 666-1038 (Name, Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Agent for Service) Copies to: Stanley F. Pierson, Esq. Gabriella A. Lombardi, Esq. Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP 2550 Hanover Street Palo Alto, CA 94304 Tel: (650) 233-4500 Fax: (650) 233-4545 Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: From time to time after this registration statement becomes effective, as determined by the Selling Stockholder.
    [Show full text]
  • The Movement of Li-Ion Batteries Through the Norwegian Transport Sector
    TØI report 1756/2020 Erik Figenbaum Rebecca Jayne Thorne Astrid Helene Amundsen Daniel Ruben Pinchasik Lasse Fridstrøm From Market Penetration to Vehicle Scrappage The Movement of Li-Ion Batteries through the Norwegian Transport Sector TØI-rapport 1756/2020 From Market Penetration to Vehicle Scrappage The Movement of Li-Ion Batteries through the Norwegian Transport Sector Erik Figenbaum Rebecca J. Thorne Astrid H. Amundsen Daniel R. Pinchasik Lasse Fridstrøm Forsidebilde: Shutterstock Transportøkonomisk institutt (TØI) har opphavsrett til hele rapporten og dens enkelte deler. Innholdet kan brukes som underlagsmateriale. Når rapporten siteres eller omtales, skal TØI oppgis som kilde med navn og rapportnummer. Rapporten kan ikke endres. Ved eventuell annen bruk må forhåndssamtykke fra TØI innhentes. For øvrig gjelder åndsverklovens bestemmelser. ISSN 2535-5104 Elektronisk ISBN 978-82-480-1294-8 Elektronisk Oslo, May 2020 Tittel: Fra markedsopptak til vraking. Li-Ion batteriers vei Title: From Market Penetration to Vehicle gjennom vegtransportsektoren Scrappage. The Movement of Li-Ion Batteries through the Norwegian Transport Sector Forfattere: Erik Figenbaum Authors: Erik Figenbaum Rebecca J. Thorne Rebecca J. Thorne Astrid H. Amundsen Astrid H. Amundsen Daniel R. Pinchasik Daniel R. Pinchasik Lasse Fridstrøm Lasse Fridstrøm Dato: 05.2020 Date: 05.2020 TØI-rapport: 1756/2020 TØI Report: 1756/2020 Sider: 178 Pages: 178 ISSN elektronisk: 2535-5104 ISSN: 2535-5104 ISBN elektronisk: 978-82-480-1294-8 ISBN Electronic: 978-82-480-1294-8 Finansieringskilde:
    [Show full text]
  • 2019-2020-Annual-Report
    ANNUALANNUAL REPORTREPORT 2019–2020 ANNUAL TABLE ANNUAL OF REPORT REPORT CONTENTS LETTERS FROM THE PRESIDENT & CEO 4 AND CHAIR OF THE BOARD ABOUT ANSI AND ITS AFFILIATES 6 2020 – 2019 2019–2020 SUMMARY OF KEY ACTIVITIES: ANSI HIGHLIGHTS 8 ANAB HIGHLIGHTS 32 WORKCRED HIGHLIGHTS 40 ANSI BY THE NUMBERS AND FINANCIAL 46 INFORMATION ANSI MEMBERSHIP ROSTER 50 ANSI EXECUTIVE LEADERSHIP 62 ANSI 2019–2020 Annual Report 3 A Letter from the ANSI President and CEO A Letter from the ANSI Chair of the Board “Individually, we are one drop. Together, we are an ocean.” Standardization is perhaps more essential today than at any time in our nation’s history. Standards and conformance are essential to public health and safety. As I see it, this powerful quote from author Ryūnosuke Satoro evokes the They form the backbone of a sound economy—enhancing the competitiveness of strength of collective action that embodies the U.S. standardization community. U.S. industry and stimulating global trade. For more than 100 years, our system has harnessed shared knowledge, diversity of perspectives, and collaboration for the greater good. The challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic have underscored what I’ve always known to be true: The U.S. standardization community is adaptable, flexible, nimble, and strong—always looking In the face of challenge and adversity, the standardization community has always charted a course to a better ahead, never back. It is this forward-looking posture, the belief that better solutions come about by collective tomorrow, and these extraordinary times are no different. ANSI’s COVID-19 resources page gives evidence of action, that contributes to the betterment of our lives, as individuals and as a nation.
    [Show full text]
  • Decarbonising Road Freight: GETTING INTO GEAR
    Decarbonising Road Freight: GETTING INTO GEAR Industry Perspectives www.shell.com/DecarbonisingRoadFreight #MakeTheFuture IN COLLABORATION WITH 1 DECARBONISING ROAD FREIGHT: GETTING INTO GEAR CONTENTS 3 Foreword 51 A New Paradigm: Solutions for Decarbonising 5 Executive Summary 52 Signals of Change 16 Where We Are Today 55 Inflection Point – Moving Beyond 17 The Drive to Decarbonise Planning and Design 18 GHG Emissions in Road Freight 57 Applying a Duty Cycle Perspective 25 The Deadlock: Barriers to 59 Solutions Decarbonisation 61 Make impact now 26 Decarbonisation Readiness Factors: Summary 65 Create a snowball effect 29 1. Market and Customer Demand 69 Build conditions for success 31 2. Regulatory Incentives 75 Scale 33 3. Technology Alignment 77 The Roadmap: Accelerating Decarbonisation 40 4. Clarity on Roles and Decision Making 78 Motivation and Immediate Focus 42 5. Ease of Asset Replacement 81 Technology Timelines 46 6. Ease of Infrastructure Replacement 83 Let’s Get Moving 49 Stakeholder views on Decarbonisation 86 Regional differences Barriers 87 India 90 China 93 United States 96 Europe 99 Acknowledgements and Sources 2 DECARBONISING ROAD FREIGHT: GETTING INTO GEAR FOREWORD The world today is going through a period of intense change. There are tremendous challenges from the immediate shock of the pandemic to the longer-term effects of climate change. But if there is uncertainty, 2020 also showed what the world can achieve when it works together: the hope that vaccines can provide. And across the world, businesses and governments are setting goals in line with the Paris agreement on climate change. Almost 1,400 businesses, more than 450 Trucks move almost everything that modern cities and more than 120 countries1 are part society depends on in daily life.
    [Show full text]
  • Influence of Powertrain Topology and Electric Machine Design On
    energies Article Influence of Powertrain Topology and Electric Machine Design on Efficiency of Battery Electric Trucks—A Simulative Case-Study Sebastian Wolff * , Svenja Kalt , Manuel Bstieler and Markus Lienkamp Institute of Automotive Technology, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany; [email protected] (S.K.); [email protected] (M.B.); [email protected] (M.L.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The advancement of electric mobility as a measure to comply with international climate targets and sustain renewable resources in the future has led to an electrification of the mobility sector in recent years. This trend has not been spared in the logistics and commercial vehicle sector. Emerging electric powertrain concepts for long-haul vehicles have since been developed and adapted to different use cases and axle concepts. In this paper, the authors show the influence of the powertrain topology and the associated design of the electric machine on the efficiency and energy consumption of commercial vehicles. For this, existing series or prototype long-haul axle topologies are analyzed regarding their efficiency and operating points within four driving cycles. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis on the influence of the total gearbox ratio tests the assumed designs. We find that single-machine topologies offer efficiency advantages over multiple-machine topologies. However, this study highlights a joint consideration of application-specific machine design and topology to realize the full technological potential. Keywords: battery electric; heavy-duty trucks; electric machines; powertrain design; topology; efficiency Citation: Wolff, S.; Kalt, S.; Bstieler, M.; Lienkamp, M. Influence of Powertrain Topology and Electric 1.
    [Show full text]