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DHEA and the Brain Nutrition, Brain and Behaviour DHEA and the Brain Nutrition, brain and behaviour Edited by Chandan Prasad, PhD Professor and Vice Chairman (Research) Department of Medicine LSU Health Sciences Center New Orleans, LA, USA Series Editorial Advisory Board Janina R.Galler, MD Director and Professor of Psychiatry and Public Health Center for Behavioral Development and Mental Retardation Boston University School of Medicine Boston, MA, USA R.C.A.Guedes, MD, Phd Departmento de Nutrição Centro de Ciências Da Saúde Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife/PE, BRASIL Gerald Huether, PhD Department of Psychiatric Medicine Georg-August-Universität Göttingen D-37075 Göttingen, Germany Abba J.Kastin, MD, DSc Editor-in-chief, PEPTIDES Endocrinology Section, Medical Service, V.A. Medical Center, 1601 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA, USA H.R.Lieberman, PhD Military Performance and Neuroscience Division, USARIEM Natick, MA, USA DHEA and the Brain Edited by Robert Morfin Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers Paris, France London and New York First published 2002 by Taylor & Francis 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Taylor & Francis Inc, 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 Taylor & Francis is an imprint of the Toylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge's collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” © 2002 Taylor & Francis All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Every effort has been made to ensure that the advice and information in this book are true and accurate at the time of going to press. However, neither the publisher nor the authors can accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. In the case of drug administration, any medical procedure or the use of technical equipment mentioned within this book, you are strongly advised to consult the manufacturer’s guidelines. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalog record has been requested ISBN 0-203-30121-8 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-35545-8 (Adobe e-reader Format) ISBN 0-415-27585-7 (Print Edition) Contents List of contributors vi Series preface xii Preface xiv 1 The brain, a putative source and target of DHEA MARIA LUISA BARBACCIA AND TATIANA SIDIROPOULOU 1 2 DHEA metabolites during the life span RICHARD HAMPL, MARTIN HILL AND LUBOSLAV STÁRKA 27 3 Postulated roles of DHEA in the decline of neural function with age L.-Y.NGAI AND J.HERBERT 44 4 DHEA: hormone of youth and resilience—still a maverick MARIA DOROTA MAJEWSKA 72 5 DHEA effects on liver DORIS MAYER 89 6 DHEA and brain development SYNTHIA H.MELLON 111 7 DHEA metabolism in the brain: production and effects of the 7α- hydroxylated derivative M.TRINCAL, J.LOEPER, D.POMPON, J.J.HAUW AND R.MORFIN 129 8 DHEA: biosynthesis, regulation and function in the central nervous system RACHEL C.BROWN, YING LIU AND VASSILIOS PAPADOPOULOS 145 9 Cross-talk between DHEA and neuropeptides CHANDAN PRASAD 165 10 DHEA effects on human behavior and psychiatric illness VICTOR I.REUS AND OWEN M.WOLKOWITZ 174 11 Effects of DHEA on diabetes mellitus KAZUTAKA AOKI AND HISAHIKO SEKIHARA 187 12 The clinician’s view of DHEA: an overview FRANK SVEC 198 13 DHEA replacement and cognition in healthy elderly humans A summary of results from placebo controlled experiments OLIVER T.WOLF AND CLEMENS KIRSCHBAUM 209 Index 222 Contributors Kazutaka Aoki The Third Department of Internal Medicine Yokohama City University School of Medicine 3–9 Fuku-ura Kanazawa-ku Yokohama 236-0004 Japan Maria Luisa Barbaccia Department of Neuroscience University of Rome “Tor Vergata” Edificio F-sud- Via Tor Vergata 00133-Rome-Italy Rachel C.Brown Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience Georgetown University School of Medicine 3900 Reservoir Rd. NW Washington, DC 20007 Richard Hampl Institute of Endocrinology 2 Národní, 116 94 Praha Czech Republic J.J.Hauw Service de Neuropathologie Raymond Escourolle Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Slapétrière 47–83 Boulevard de l’Hôpital 75651 Paris Cedex 13 France J.Herbert Department of Anatomy Downing Street University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 3DY UK Martin Hill Institute of Endocrinology 2 Národní, 116 94 Praha Czech Republic Clemens Kirschbaum Institute of Experimentell Psychology II University of Duesseldorf Geb 23.02 Ebene 01, Raum 44 Universitaetsstrasse 1 D-40225 Duesseldorf Germany Ying Liu Division of Hormone Research Departments of Cell Biology Georgetown University School of Medicine 3900 Reservoir Rd NW Washington, DC 20007 J.Loeper INSERM U 538 Faculté de Médecine Saint Antoine 27 rue de Chaligny 75571 Paris Cedex 12 Maria Dorota Majewska Division of Treatment Research and Development National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH, 6001 Executive Blvd Rm. 4123, MSC 9551, Bethesda MD 20892–9551, USA Doris Mayer Research Group “Hormones and Signal Transduction” Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Im Neuenheimer Feld 280 69120 Heidelberg Germany Synthia H.Mellon Department of Obstetrics Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences The Center for Reproductive Sciences and The Metabolic Research Unit University of California 513 Parnassus Ave. Room 1661 HSE Box 0556, San Francisco CA 94143–0556, CA, USA R.Morfin Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, 2 rue Conté 75003 Paris France L.-Y.Ngai Department of Anatomy Downing Street University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK Vassilios Papadopoulos Division of Hormone Research Departments of Cell Biology Pharmacology and Neuroscience Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience Georgetown University School of Medicine 3900 Reservoir Rd. NW Washington, DC 20007 D.Pompon Laboratoire d’Ingéniérie de Protéines Membranaires Centre de Génétique Moléculaire Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 91190 Gif sur Yvette France Chandan Prasad Section of Endocrinology Department of Medicine LSU Health Sciences Center 1542 Tulane Avenue New Orleans LA 70112 USA Victor I.Reus Department of Psychiatry School of Medicine University of California San Francisco Langley Porter Psychiatric Institute San Francisco California 94143–0984 USA Hisahiko Sekihara The Third Department of Internal Medicine Yokohama City University School of Medicine 3–9 Fuku-ura Kanazawa-ku Yokohama 236–0004 Japan Tatiana Sidiropoulou Department of Neuroscience University of Rome “Tor Vergata” Edificio F-sud- Via Tor Vergata 00133-Rome-Italy Luboslav Stárka Institute of Endocrinology 2 Národní, 116 94 Praha Czech Republic Frank Svec Section of Endocrinology, Louisiana State University Medical School 1542 Tulane Ave, New Orleans LA, 70112, USA M.Trincal Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, 2 rue Conté 75003 Paris France Oliver T.Wolf Institute of Experimentell Psychology II, University of Duesseldorf Geb 23.02, Ebene 01, Raum 44 Universitaetsstrasse 1, D-40225 Duesseldorf Germany Owen M.Wolkowitz Department of Psychiatry School of Medicine University of California San Francisco Langley Porter Psychiatric Institute San Francisco California 94143–0984, USA Series preface Modern medical science has made impressive progress in understanding the role of dietary nutrients—both macro- and micronutrients—in the maintenance of normal health and in the prevention of diseases like scurvy, pellagra, marasmus, Kwashiorkor and many others. We also have gained a better understanding of fetal and infant nutrition. Despite these obvious successes, we have failed to fully realize the potential of certain dietary nutrients and supplements in the control of bodily functions such as mental performance. These dietary components include not only macronutrients (e.g. protein, carbohydrate and fat) but micronutrients (e.g. amino acids, vitamins and minerals) as well as metabolites (e.g. melatonin and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)). Contemporary interest in maintaining and enhancing both body and mind through diet and dietary supplementation has generated a multibillion dollar industry throughout the world. The use of diet to enhance mental function is not a recent phenomenon. For example, in the medieval holistic view of nature, mood was thought to be modulated by foods. The heightened public and scientific interest in nutrition and brain function underscores the need for a regular authoritative overview of this subject. Currently, no publication addresses this need. Nutritional Neuroscience, a journal recently launched by Harwood Academic Publishers, is limited to specialized scientific investigations. The Nutrition, Brain, and Behavior Series will provide a forum in which basic scientists and clinicians can share knowledge and perspectives regarding the role of dietary nutrients and supplements in nervous-system functions at structural, chemical, and behavioral level. The first volume in this series is DHEA and the Brain edited by Professor Robert Morfin of the University of Paris, France. Subsequent issues will focus on antioxidant vitamins, essential fatty acids, amino acids (tyrosine and tryptophan), nutrition and developing brain, and nutrition and the
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