Identification of Algae in Water Supplies
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Structural Features of Unicellular Desmids (Desmidiales) When Examined in a Scanning Electron Microscope © O
BOTANICHESKII ZHURNAL, 2021, Vol. 106, N 6, pp. 523–528 COMMUNICATIONS Structural Features of Unicellular Desmids (Desmidiales) when Examined in a Scanning Electron Microscope © O. V. Anissimovaa,# and A. F. Luknitskayab,## a Zvenigorod Biological Station, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskiye Gory, 1/12, Moscow, 119234, Russia b Komarov Botanical Institute RAS Prof. Popov Str., 2, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia #e-mail: [email protected] ##e-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.31857/S0006813621060028 We have demonstrated the possibility of using scanning electron microscopy methods for studying the mor- phology and ornamentation of the cell wall of unicellular species of desmid algae (Charophyta, Zygnemato- phyceae). Scanning electron microscopy was used to confirm and refine the identification of taxa with 10 spe- cies as an example: Cosmarium sp., C. anceps, C. granatum, C. nymannianum, C. pokornyanum, Euastrum bidentatum, E. crassicolle, E. luetkemuelleri, E. oblongum, Pleurotaenium ehrenbergii. The use of electron microscope enables a more subtle and qualitative study of the cell wall surface. We con- sidered the difficulties arising when working with cells of desmids in scanning electron microscopy. Attention should be paid to the artifacts arising from the preparation of samples for the study of algae in scanning elec- tron microscopy: mucus plugs and abundant accumulation of mucus on the cell surface, “molting” process and asymmetry in the development of the semicells. Keywords: Сharophyta, Zygnematophyceae, cell wall, morphology, taxonomy, scanning electron microscope ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Brook A.J. 1981. The biology of desmids. Oxford. 276 p. The studies were carried out within the framework of the Kosinskaya E.K. 1960. Flora sporovykh rasteniy SSSR. -
Pediastrum Species (Hydrodictyaceae, Sphaeropleales) in Phytoplankton of Sumin Lake (£Êczna-W£Odawa Lakeland)
Vol. 73, No. 1: 39-46, 2004 ACTA SOCIETATIS BOTANICORUM POLONIAE 39 PEDIASTRUM SPECIES (HYDRODICTYACEAE, SPHAEROPLEALES) IN PHYTOPLANKTON OF SUMIN LAKE (£ÊCZNA-W£ODAWA LAKELAND) AGNIESZKA PASZTALENIEC, MA£GORZATA PONIEWOZIK Department of Botany and Hydrobiology, Catholic University of Lublin C.K. Norwida 4, 20-061 Lublin, Poland e-mail: [email protected] (Received: April 7, 2003. Accepted: July 18, 2003) ABSTRACT During studies of phytoplankton in Sumin Lake (£êczna-W³odawa Lakeland), conducted from May till Sep- tember 2001 and 2002, 15 taxa of the genus Pediastrum (Hydrodictyaceae, Sphaeropleales) were found. Among them there were common species as Pediastrum boryanum, P. duplex, P. tetras and P. simplex, but also rare spe- cies as P. integrum or P. kawraiskyi. An especially interesting species was P. orientale, the taxon that until now has not been noted in phytoplankton of Polish water bodies. The paper gives descriptions of the genus Pediastrum coenobia and physico-chemical conditions of the habitat. The original documentation of Pediastrum taxa is added. KEY WORDS: Pediastrum taxa, Chlorophyta, phytoplankton, £êczna-W³odawa Lakeland. INRTODUCTION rved in palynological preparations (Jankovská and Komá- rek 2000, Komárek and Jankovská 2001; Nielsen and Lakes of £êczna-W³odawa Lakeland are the only group Sørensen 1992). in Poland located beyond the limits of a continental glacier The taxonomical research of the genus Pediastrum was of the last glaciation. The genesis of lakes is still disputa- not conducted in phytoplankton of £êczna-W³odawa Lake- ble, but the most of them have a termo-karst origin (Hara- land lakes. Only some information on occurrence of this simiuk and Wojtanowicz 1998). -
The Desmids of the West End of Lake Erie1-2
THE DESMIDS OF THE WEST END OF LAKE ERIE1-2 CLARENCE E. TAFT INTRODUCTION For several years the writer has had the opportunity to study the desmids of the Island Region of the west end of Lake Erie. First in 1933, and later while a member of the staff of the Franz Theodore Stone Laboratory on Gibraltar Island in Put-in-Bay Harbor during the summers of 1938, 1940, and 1941. Collections made from the open lake, shore margins, and from ponds and beach pools on the Islands were augmented during; the interim from 1933 to 1938 by collections made by Tiffany during his work on "The plankton algae of the west end of Lake Erie" (1934) and "The filamentous algae of the west end of Lake Erie" (1937). The writer gratefully acknowledges these collections, as well as many collections placed at his disposal by members of the fresh-water algae classes at the StoneLaboratory. The writer hopes that this report, the latest in a series on the algae of the region will be not only of taxonomic interest, but helpful to the student of aquatic biology. For the benefit of; the, latter the'paper; has been prepared in somewhat greater detail than would otherwise be necessary,; .: ••••.-.-> .-•"•-. Two groups remain toK be reported!. They are the Dinophyceae (which has been; only superficially worked) and the Bacillariophyeeaei Of the two classes, the representatives of the latter are,far more numerous, and at times constitute air important bulk; of the plankton. 11: is hoped that in the near future: this group may receive the attention that its importance deserves. -
Zoelucasa Sablensis N. Gen. Et N. Sp.(Cercozoa, Incertae Sedis), A
Acta Protozool. (2012) 51: 113–117 http://www.eko.uj.edu.pl/ap ACTA doi: 10.4467/16890027AP.12.009.0513 PROTOZOOLOGICA Zoelucasa sablensis n. gen. et n. sp. (Cercozoa, Incertae Sedis), a New Scale-covered Flagellate from Marine Sandy Shores Kenneth H. NICHOLLS Summary. Zoelucasa sablensis n. gen et n. sp. is a small heterotrophic fl agellate housed within a pyriform lorica of relatively large imbri- cate, circular siliceous scales. It was found in near-shore benthic sand/seawater samples of both the Pacifi c and Atlantic Oceans (west and east coasts of Canada; salinity = 32–33 ppt). The median length and width of the lorica was 18 and 11 μm, respectively (n = 29). This taxon lacks chloroplasts and swims with a slow zig-zag motion controlled by a short (5–7 μm long), anteriorly-directed fl agellum and a longer trailing fl agellum, 15–20 μm in length. Its classifi cation within the phylum Cercozoa (most likely, Class Imbricatea) is tentative, as there are no known morphological homologues (discoidal, overlapping siliceous plate-scales forming a test or lorica enclosing a heterotrophic fl agellate). Further study of cultured and wild material, including a search for other possible non-fl agellate (e.g. amoeboid?) life history stages, TEM examination of cell sections, and rDNA sequencing will most certainly provide more opportunities for a justifi able classifi ca- tion, possibly including a new Order. Key words: Imbricatea (Silicofi losea), sand-dwelling protist, psammon, silica scales, fl agellate. INTRODUCTION samples collected from both the east and west coasts of Canada. Owing to its apparently unique morphology, it is described here as a new monospecifi c genus and Sand-welling marine protists include taxa repre- has been tentatively assigned to the class Imbricatea of senting a wide variety of forms and phylogenetic lines. -
PROTISTS Shore and the Waves Are Large, Often the Largest of a Storm Event, and with a Long Period
(seas), and these waves can mobilize boulders. During this phase of the storm the rapid changes in current direction caused by these large, short-period waves generate high accelerative forces, and it is these forces that ultimately can move even large boulders. Traditionally, most rocky-intertidal ecological stud- ies have been conducted on rocky platforms where the substrate is composed of stable basement rock. Projec- tiles tend to be uncommon in these types of habitats, and damage from projectiles is usually light. Perhaps for this reason the role of projectiles in intertidal ecology has received little attention. Boulder-fi eld intertidal zones are as common as, if not more common than, rock plat- forms. In boulder fi elds, projectiles are abundant, and the evidence of damage due to projectiles is obvious. Here projectiles may be one of the most important defi ning physical forces in the habitat. SEE ALSO THE FOLLOWING ARTICLES Geology, Coastal / Habitat Alteration / Hydrodynamic Forces / Wave Exposure FURTHER READING Carstens. T. 1968. Wave forces on boundaries and submerged bodies. Sarsia FIGURE 6 The intertidal zone on the north side of Cape Blanco, 34: 37–60. Oregon. The large, smooth boulders are made of serpentine, while Dayton, P. K. 1971. Competition, disturbance, and community organi- the surrounding rock from which the intertidal platform is formed zation: the provision and subsequent utilization of space in a rocky is sandstone. The smooth boulders are from a source outside the intertidal community. Ecological Monographs 45: 137–159. intertidal zone and were carried into the intertidal zone by waves. Levin, S. A., and R. -
Gênero Closterium (Closteriaceae) Na Comunidade Perifítica Do Reservatório De Salto Do Vau, Sul Do Brasil
Gênero Closterium (Closteriaceae) ... 45 Gênero Closterium (Closteriaceae) na comunidade perifítica do Reservatório de Salto do Vau, sul do Brasil Sirlene Aparecida Felisberto & Liliana Rodrigues Universidade Estadual de Maringá, PEA/Nupélia. Av. Colombo, 3790, Maringá, Paraná, Brasil. [email protected] RESUMO – Este trabalho objetivou descrever, ilustrar e registrar a ocorrência de Closterium na comunidade perifítica do reservatório de Salto do Vau. As coletas do perifíton foram realizadas no período de verão e inverno, em 2002, nas regiões superior, intermediária e lacustre do reservatório. Os substratos coletados na região litorânea foram de vegetação aquática, sempre no estádio adulto. Foram registradas 23 espécies pertencentes ao gênero Closterium, com maior número para o período de verão (22) do que para o inverno (11). A maior riqueza de táxons foi registrada na região lacustre do reservatório no verão e na intermediária no inverno. As espécies melhor representadas foram: Closterium ehrenbergii Meneghini ex Ralfs var. immane Wolle, C. incurvum Brébisson var. incurvum e C. moniliferum (Bory) Ehrenberg ex Ralfs var. concavum Klebs. Palavras-chave: taxonomia, Closteriaceae, algas perifíticas, distribuição longitudinal. ABSTRACT – Genus Closterium (Closteriaceae) in periphytic community in Salto do Vau Reservoir, southern Brazil. The aim of this study was to describe, illustrate and to register the occurrence of Closterium in the periphytic community in Salto do Vau reservoir. The samples were collected in the summer and winter periods, during 2002. Samples were taken from natural substratum of the epiphyton type in the adult stadium. Substrata were collected in three regions from the littoral region (superior, intermediate, and lacustrine). In the results there were registered 23 species in the Closterium, with 22 registered in the summer and 11 in the winter period. -
(Protozoa: Ciliata: Tintinnida) of the St. Andrew Bay System, Florida1
THE IDENTIFICATION OF TINTINNIDS (PROTOZOA: CILIATA: TINTINNIDA) OF THE ST. ANDREW BAY SYSTEM, FLORIDA 1 T. C. COSPER University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science ABSTRACT A key to the tintinnids of the St. Andrew Bay system, Florida, is presented. The relationships shown in the key are supported by light and scanning-electron photomicrographs. Included in the key are 21 species: eight were previously unreported from Florida estuaries, and two unidentified species of Metacylis are described. Each species reported is described, previous location sites are stated, and statistical information on lorical size is included where available. INTRODUCTION Prominent among marine zooplankters are cilate protozoans of the order Tintinnida. The vast majority of these ciliates belong to the pelagic marine fauna of both the oceanic and neritic waters of all oceans and are numerically important second trophic level feeders (Zeitzschel, 1967), consuming small diatoms and other constituents of the ultra- and nannoplankton. Some workers have studied the cellular organization of several species of tintinnids (Campbell, 1926, 1927; Hofker, 1931; Biernacka, 1952, 1965), but most investigations dealing with them are taxonomic surveys or systematic treatments. There are two main reasons for this situation: until recently tintinnids were difficult to study because of the associated problems of maintaining and raising them in the laboratory (Gold, 1968, 1969); and fixation of plankton samples containing tintinnids generally causes abandonment -
Isolation and Evaluation of Microalgae Strains from the Northern Territory
Isolation and evaluation of microalgae strains from The Northern Territory and Queensland - Australia that have adapted to accumulate triacylglycerides and protein as storage Van Thang Duong Master of Environmental Sciences A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Queensland in 2016 School of Agriculture and Food Sciences Abstract Biodiesel and high-value products from microalgae are researched in many countries. Compared to first generation biofuel crops, advantages of microalgae do not only lead to economic benefits but also to better environmental outcomes. For instance, growth rate and productivity of microalgae are higher than other feedstocks from plant crops. In addition, microalgae grow in a wide range of environmental conditions such as fresh, brackish, saline and even waste water and do not need to compete for arable land or biodiverse landscapes. Microalgae absorb CO2 and sunlight from the atmosphere and convert these into chemical energy and biomass. Thus, the removal of CO2 from the atmosphere plays a very important role in global warming mitigation, as the produced biofuel would replace an equivalent amount of fossil fuel. Based on their high protein contents and rapid growth rates, microalgae are also highly sought after for their potential as a high-protein containing feedstock for animal feed and human consumption. However, despite the promising characteristics of microalgae as a feedstock for feed and fuel, their stable cultivation is still difficult and expensive, as mono-species microalgae can often get contaminated with other algae and grazers. To address this issue I hypothesized that indigenous strains have a highly adaptive capacity to local environments and climatic conditions and therefore may provide good growth rates in the same geographic and climatic locations where they have been collected from. -
Evaluation of Water Quality in Aquatic Ecosystems - Harukuni Tachibana, Toshiro Maruyama, Yasumoto Magara
WATER QUALITY AND STANDARDS – Vol. I - Evaluation of Water Quality in Aquatic Ecosystems - Harukuni Tachibana, Toshiro Maruyama, Yasumoto Magara EVALUATION OF WATER QUALITY IN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS Harukuni Tachibana Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan Toshiro Maruyama Miyazaki University, Miyazaki, Japan Yasumoto Magara Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan Keywords: Algal bioassay, Ecosystem, Monochloramine, POPs, Saprobity system, Water quality standard, Zinc Contents 1. Introduction 2. Saprobity system 3. Hazardous chemical management for protecting aqua ecosystem 4. Effects of chlorine-disinfected wastewater on the growth of Nori Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketches Summary To maintain the water environment in a favorable state, a sound and stable ecosystem is essential. In other words, ecosystems are qualitative indicators of the water environment because their formation depends on that environment. In studies on the relationship between water environment and ecosystems, Kolkwitz and Marrson summarized, in 1909, the relation between the aquatic environment and ecology as a saprobity system of water quality. The biological indicator table, created based on the saprobity system, categorizes biological, physical, and chemical characteristics according to a four-group hierarchy of water quality pollution. UNESCO – EOLSS Because of the evidence that species structure of the diatom community is affected by the organic pollution level of the river in where located in middle to high latitude regions, the DiatomSAMPLE Assemblage Index of pollutionCHAPTERS (DAIpo) is applied to give the numerical parameter of the organic pollution level. These general phenomena of conventional water pollution such as oxygen depletion, contamination, acute toxicity, etc., which relate directly to factors responsible for life and death of biota, are assessed by the saprobity system. -
Haemocystidium Spp., a Species Complex Infecting Ancient Aquatic Turtles of the Family Podocnemididae First Report of These
IJP: Parasites and Wildlife 10 (2019) 299–309 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect IJP: Parasites and Wildlife journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ijppaw Haemocystidium spp., a species complex infecting ancient aquatic turtles of the family Podocnemididae: First report of these parasites in Podocnemis T vogli from the Orinoquia Leydy P. Gonzáleza,b, M. Andreína Pachecoc, Ananías A. Escalantec, Andrés David Jiménez Maldonadoa,d, Axl S. Cepedaa, Oscar A. Rodríguez-Fandiñoe, ∗ Mario Vargas‐Ramírezd, Nubia E. Mattaa, a Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Carrera 30 No 45-03, Bogotá, Colombia b Instituto de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Carrera 30 No 45-03, Bogotá, Colombia c Department of Biology/Institute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine (iGEM), Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA d Instituto de Genética, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Carrera 30 No 45-03, Bogotá, Colombia e Fundación Universitaria-Unitrópico, Dirección de Investigación, Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas de la Orinoquía (GINBIO), Colombia ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: The genus Haemocystidium was described in 1904 by Castellani and Willey. However, several studies considered Haemoparasites it a synonym of the genera Plasmodium or Haemoproteus. Recently, molecular evidence has shown the existence Reptile of a monophyletic group that corresponds to the genus Haemocystidium. Here, we further explore the clade Simondia Haemocystidium spp. by studying parasites from Testudines. A total of 193 individuals belonging to six families of Chelonians Testudines were analyzed. The samples were collected in five localities in Colombia: Casanare, Vichada, Arauca, Colombia Antioquia, and Córdoba. From each individual, a blood sample was taken for molecular analysis, and peripheral blood smears were made, which were fixed and subsequently stained with Giemsa. -
Understanding the Microbial Ecology of Highly Radioactive Nuclear Storage Facilities
Understanding the microbial ecology of highly radioactive nuclear storage facilities A thesis submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Science and Engineering 2018 Lynn Foster School of Earth and Environmental Sciences 1 Contents List of Figures……………………………………………………………………..7 List of Tables……………………………………………………………………..13 List of Equations…………………………………………………………………14 List of abbreviations……………………………………………………………...15 Abstract…………………………………………………………………………..17 Declaration……………………………………………………………………….18 Copyright statement……………………………………………………………...19 Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………20 The author………………………………………………………………………...22 1 Introduction ........................................................................................ 24 1.1 Project context .................................................................................................. 24 1.2 Aims and objectives ......................................................................................... 25 1.3 Thesis structure................................................................................................. 27 1.4 Author contributions......................................................................................... 28 2 Literature review ................................................................................ 32 2.1 The nuclear fuel cycle ...................................................................................... 32 2.1.1 The fuel cycle ........................................................................................... -
Taxonomy and Diversity of Genus Pediastrum Meyen (Chlorophyceae, Algae) in East Nepal
S.K. Rai and P.K.Our NatureMisra / (2012) Our Nature 10: 16 (2012)7-175 10: 167-175 Taxonomy and Diversity of Genus Pediastrum Meyen (Chlorophyceae, Algae) in East Nepal S.K. Rai1* and P.K. Misra2 1Department of Botany, Post Graduate Campus, T.U., Biratnagar, Nepal 2Phycology Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, India *E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Pediastrum Meyen is a green algae occurs frequently in lentic environment like pond, puddles, lakes etc. mostly in warm and humid terai region. Twenty taxa of Pediasturm have been reported from Nepal, mostly from central and western part of the country, hitherto. Among them, in the present study, ten taxa of Pediastrum are enumerated also from east Nepal. Taxonomy and diversity of each taxa have been described with photomicrography. Key words: Algae, Chlorophyceae, Pediastrum, Taxonomy, Nepal Introduction Green algae are aquatic plants and act as the combined with silicon oxide which makes pioneer photosynthetic organism or them high resistance to decay. Therefore, producer in the World of ecosystem. The they remain preserved well in lake genus Pediastrum Mayen (Chlorophyceae, sediments as fossil record for palynological Sphaeropleales) is a free floating, coenobial, studies (Komárek and Jankovská, 2001). green algae occurs commonly in natural Thus, the knowledge of Pediastrum can be freshwater lentic environments like ponds, useful for the determination of trophocity or lakes, reservoirs etc. Their occurrence in salinity of water at present and past brackish and salty waters is rare (Parra, (Pasztaleniec and Poniewozik, 2004). 1979). At present, only 24 species of Study on algal flora of Nepal is Pediastrum have been described from the incomplete and sporadic.